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HUKUM CYBER & SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN INTERNET Josua Sitompul September 2014
TEKNOLOGI, MASYARAKAT, DAN HUKUM
TECHNOLOGY
LAW
SOCIETY
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CYBERSPACE, CYBERSOCIETY, CYBERLAW
CYBERSPACE
CYBERSOCIETY
CYBERLAW
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CYBERNETICS
Yunani: κυβερνητικός (kybernetes) : “skilled in steering or governing”
Norbert Wiener (1948): Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine
cybernetics :“the science of control and communication, in the animal and the machine”
CYBERSPACE = INTERNET Koops, 2006
technologies that store, transmit, and/or process information and communication;
focuses on computers, telecommunications, and computer and telecommunication networks.
sometimes used as a virtual synonym for the Internet.
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1960 : DoD membentuk Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) untuk menjalankan ARPANET DoD, NASA, DoE, NSF Tujuannya penelitian untuk kepentingan militer, bukan komersil JCR Licklider : Man-Computer Symbiosis Online Man Computer Communication : Galactic Network Computer as Communication Device
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“Let us be optimistic. What will on-line interactive communities be like? In most fields they will consist of geographically separated members, some times grouped in small clusters and sometimes working individually. They will be communities not of common location, but of common interest. In each filed, the overall community of interest will be large enough to support a comprehensive system of field-oriented programs and data.”
“You will not send a letter or a telegram; you will simply identify the people whose files should be linked to yours..... You will seldom make a telephone call; you will ask the network to link your consoles together.... You will seldom make a purely business trip... you will spend much more time in computer facilitated teleconferences..”
Projek ARPANET menghasilkan jaringan pertama yang menggunakan packet switching 1971 : email pertama dikirimkan 1973 : File Transfer Protokol ditetapkan 1974 : common network protokol dibangun dan menghasilkan RFC 675 : specification of internet transmission control Istilah Internet Muncul : INTERNETWORKING 1978 : Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
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1975 : ARPANET diserahkan kepada Defense Communication Agency (Bagian dari D.D)
1983 : satu bagian dari ARPANET mengembangkan jaringan untuk keperluan militer.
Eropa melalui Organisasi Penelitian Nuklir Eropa (CERN) mengembangkan TCP/IP dalam kurun waktu 1984 – 1988.
1989 penggunaan TCP/IP di Eropa semakin diterima
1990an Internet digunakan dan dikembangkan di Asia termasuk di Indonesia
KARAKTERISTIK CYBERSPACE
Real; (Cyber v.s. Maya?)
Virtual; Borderless; Anonymous; Ubiquitous;
“On the Internet, no one knows you’re a dog”
Maya:
hanya tampaknya ada, tetapi nyatanya tidak ada khayalan;
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TRANSAKSI DALAM CYBERSPACE VOLUME TRANSAKSI
.....
RISIKO 12
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SEKILAS TENTANG KEJAHATAN: CYBERCRIME
Klasifikasi menurut Kongres PBB Prevention of crime and the Treatment of Offenders Vienna, 10-17 April 2000) in a narrow sense (“computer crime”): any illegal behavior directed by means of electronic operations that targets the security of computer systems and the data processed by them;
in a broader sense (“computer-related crime”): any illegal behavior committed by means of, or in relation to, a computer system or network, including such crimes as illegal possession, offering or distributing information by means of a computer system or network.
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KEBUTUHAN PENGATURAN ? Tingkat Teknologi
Facebook IP TV PDA
4th G • voice • text • video • TCP/IP based
Laws & Regulations
Youtube GSM Computer Telephone
.....
Internet
1876 1941 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2012 2020 14
ISTILAH
Hukum Siber
istilah: siber; maya-antara; komputer; telematika;
maya tidak tepat
komputer: istilah yang digunakan pada awal perkembangan komputer pendekatan alat sudah tidak tepat lagi
hanya tampaknya ada, tetapi nyatanya tidak ada khayalan;
kejahatan tidak hanya dilakukan melalui komputer, tetapi juga alat lain (hand phone)
Siber cyber: cyberspace, cybercrimes, cyberlaw
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MENGAPA HUKUM SIBER DIATUR TERSENDIRI
Karakteristik dunia siber
tidak dibatasi teritori
kompleksitas pembuktian
permasalahan yurisdiksi hukum
tidak ada saksi secara konvensional
kompleksitas keamanan dan kepastian hukum
PENDEKATAN MENJAGA KEAMANAN DUNIA CYBER
Aspek Hukum
pendekatan hukum mutlak untuk memberikan kepastian hukum
Aspek Teknologi
mengatur cyberspace dengan teknologi
Aspek Sosial, Budaya dan Etika
firewall access code anti virus
meningkatkan awareness masyarakat Pembatasan Pornografi
Kompleksitas: Ring Back Tone
transaksi elektronik hak cipta
ASAS PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI ITE
Asas Kepastian Hukum
Asas Manfaat
Asas Kehati-hatian
Asas Itikad Baik
Asas Netral Teknologi Indonesia adalah negara pengguna Kekuatan Indonesia lebih kepada pengembangan teknologi, bukan penciptaan teknologi baru Windows v.s. Open Source
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