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MK Lanskap Perdesaan dan Pertanian
KESESUAIAN LAHAN DAN KONSEP DAYA DUKUNG LANSKAP Tim Dosen: Prof. Dr. Hadi Susilo Arifin Prof Dr Prof. Dr. Wahju Qamara Mugnisjah Dr. Kaswanto Departemen Arsitektur Lanskap Program Pascasarjana IPB 2012
DEFINISI & TERMINOLOGI • Land cover: gambaran penutupan permukaan bumi, seperti air, hutan, tanaman lain, batuan padang gp pasir,, struktur buatan terbuka,, p manusia, dll. • Land use: penggunaan lahan yang terdiri dari beragam penutupan lahan, seperti untuk grazing, hutan produksi, pertanian, rekreasi, perikanan, pemukiman, industri, dll. Hal tersebut biasanya sulit diamati hanya dari interpretasi foto udara, jadi harus kombinasi dengan referensi pengetahuan lokal & para ahli, (deduksi & induksi), pengamatan lapang, pengumpulan data yang bersifat sekunder.
EVALUASI S.D. LAHAN (lanskap) tiga aspek: lahan, penggunaan, ekonomis Membandingkan persyaratan yang diperlukan untuk penggunaan lahan tertentu dengan sifat sumberdaya yang ada pada lahan (lanskap) tersebut p keterangan g tentang g berbagai g Diperlukan aspek bio-fisik-kimiawi, sosial-budayaekonomi sesuai dengan rencana peruntukan yang sedang dipertimbangkan
KESESUAIAN LAHAN
• Surveys (ITC-UNESCO): are defined as the entire sequence of activities and processes which include: the formulation of objectives (establishment of the survey specification); the planning procedure (planning of survey); the i l implementation t ti ((execution ti off survey)) • Survey implementation includes: data gathering; data compilation and information extraction; and presenta-tion of the information for the purpose for which it has been collected y • Land use surveyy is: ((a)) the inventory, classification & mapping of present use of the land in terms of cover and function; (b) the analysis of causes & reason underlying the present land use situation by means of studies & surveys, in which the land use/unit map could serve as a basis for stratified sampling.
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• Land(scape) ecology is the study of land as an eco-system, which is a system of all biotic & abiotic factors in a certain area at surface of the earth. It comprises the study of the spatial, p and functional relation-ships p between the temporal landscape components. • Land(scape) ecology (or land ecological) survey is the inventory & analysis of the landscape, their components and their interrelationships. A land ecological survey usually includes an integrated survey of landforms, soils, vegetation, aspects of land use and surface hydro-logy. The main products are generally a land unit map with a legend, accompanied by (derived) thematic maps and a report pointing out the most relevant ecological factors which are influencing actual (and future) land use.
LEVEL SURVEY DAN SKALA PETA • Banyak ragam klasifikasi level survey, skala foto dan skala peta digunakan tergantung dari perhatian disiplin yang ditekuni. Hubungan skala peta dan foto dengan level survey dari ITC, C sbb.: • < 1 : 500,000 (Exploratory surveys): dengan f.u., citra satelite (Landsat, Spot), area > 100,000 km2 • 1 : 75,000 - 1 : 500,000 (Reconnaissance surveys): f.u. dan citra satelite, area < 100,000 km2 • 1 : 25,000 - 1 : 75,000 (Semi-detailed surveys) : f.u. dan citra satelite u/ deleniasi l.u., l u area < 10,000 10 000 km2 • > 1 : 25,000 (Detailed surveys): hanya dengan foto udara, area < 1,000 km2
PRINSIP DASAR DALAM EVALUASI LAHAN
LAND CHARACTERISTICS & LAND MAPPING UNIT
• Kesesuaian lahan diduga untuk jenis penggunaan yang spesifik input input yang • Evaluasi meliputi perbandingan input-input diperlukan dengan keuntungan yang diperoleh • Diperlukan pendekatan multi-discipline • Evaluasi disusun dengan hal yang relevan terhadap kondisi bio-fisik, sosial dan ekonomik suatu area (klimat, ketersedian labor, land tenure, pasar dll) pasar, • Kesesuaian mengacu pada penggunaan fisik yang berkelanjutan • Evaluasi meliputi perbandingan lebih dari satu penggunaan pada setiap bidang lahan.
• Karakteristik Lahan: properties dari lahan yang membedakan unit klas lahan satu dengan lainnya. Misal: derajat dan panjang lereng lereng, CH CH, tekstur tanah, tipe tanah, tipe vegetasi, dll. • Unit Pemetaan Lahan: unit klasifikasi spatial berdasarkan pendelinasian dari hasil survey landform, jenis tanah dan vegetasi alami. • Kualitas K lit L Lahan: h i t k i properties interaksi ti d darii llahan h yang mempengaruhi kesesuaian lahan untuk penggunaan tertentu (misal: soil depth, soil fertility, salinity, rock outcrops, net field water req., slope, field size, flooding, land development cost).
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• Landform: a terrain feature of physical by natural processes which has definable composition p and range g of physical and visual characteristics that occur wherever the landform is found (Way, 1973) • Land improvement: an alteration in the q alities of the land which qualities hich impro improves es its potential for land use. “Major” and “Minor” land improvement can be distinguished (FAO)
KLASIFIKASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN: PLAYGROUND S ifa t T a n a h
K la s K e se su a i da n F a ktor P e n g h a m ba t B a ik
D rain ase T a n a h
A ga k b a ik d a n a -
A ga k je le k , sa n gat
b a ik & aga k b a ik .
ga k je le k . A ir ta -
je le k . A ir ta n a h
A ir ta n a h le b ih d a ri
n a h le b ih d a ri 5 0
k u ra n g d a -ri 5 0 cm
P e rm e a b ilita s
T id a k p ern a h
• Ada dua orders dalam kesesuaian lahan: S = Suitable; dan N = Not Suitable • Land Suitability Rating: S1 = Highly Suitable; S2 = M Moderately d t l Suitable; S it bl S3 = Marginally Suitable
KLASIFIKASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN: CAMPING GROUND Sifat T anah
B aik D rainase T anah
cm . S e k ali d ala m 2
Le b ih 1 x d a la m 2
ta h u n
ta h u n
S an ga t c e p a t,
A ga k la m b a t,
se d a n g
la m b a t
Le re n g
0 -2 %
2 -6 %
T ek stu r *) tan a h p e r-
lp ,lp h , lp sh , l, ld
lli, llip , llid , p l
m ukaan
K las K esesuai dan F aktor P enghambat
B uruk
C e p a t, a ga k c e p a t,
7 5 cm . B a h a ya b a n jir
S e da n g
LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION
Banjir
> 6 %
B uruk
Agak baik dan a-
A gak jelek, jelek,
baik dan agak baik.
gak jelek. Air ta-
sangat jelek. Air
Air ta-nah ta nah lebih
nah lebih dari 50
tanah kurang dari
dari 75 cm .
cm .
50 cm
T anpa
T anpa dlm m usim
Banjir dlm m uim
kem ah
kem ah
Sangat cepat,
Agak lam bat,
Sangat lam bat
sedang
lam bat
S a n ga t la m b a t
Perm eabilitas
Sedang
C epat, agak cepat,
lip , lid ,li, p , p l,
Lereng
0-8%
8 - 15 %
> 15 %
ta n a h o rga n ik
T ekstur *)) tanah
lp,lph, p, p , lpsh, p , l,, ld
lli,, llip, p, llid,, pl, p ,p
lip, p, lid,, ppasir lepas p
perm ukaan
(bukan pasir lepas)
(m udah terbang),
20 - 50 %
> 50 %
D a la m n ya b a tu a n
leb ih d a ri 1 0 0 c m
5 0 -1 0 0 c m
k u ra n g d r 5 0 c m
K erik il & k e ra k a l (2
0 %
< 20 %
> 20 %
organik Kerikil & kerakal (2
m m - 25 cm )
0 - 20 %
B a tu (> 2 5 c m )
0
0 .0 1 - 3 %
> 3 %
m m - 25 cm )
B a tu a n (b e d ro c k )
0
0 .0 1 - 0 .1 %
> 0 .1 %
Batu (> 25 cm )
0 - 0.1 %
0.1 - 3 %
>3%
Batuan (bedrock)
0.01 %
0.01- 0.1 %
> 0.1 %
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KLASIFIKASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN: PICNICK AREA Sifat Tanah
K las K esesuai dan Faktor Penghambat Baik
Drainase Tanah
Banjir
Sedang
Cepat, agak cepat,
Agak baik dan a-
Jelek, sangat jelek.
gak jelek. Air ta-
Air tanah ku-rang
M uka air tanah
nah kurang dari 50
lebih dari 75 cm .
cm .
Buruk
dari 50 cm sam pai
baik dan agak baik.
air tanah kurang
Air tanah kurang dr
dekat perm ukaan
Muka air tanah
dari 50 cm.
50 cm sering dekat
2 - 3 kali setahun
Lebih dari 3 kali
Banjir 1-2 kali
Banjir lebih 2
selam a m usim
kali selam a m usim
piknik
piknik
8 - 15 %
> 15 %
T ekstur *)) tanah
lp lph lpsh, lp,lph, lpsh l, l ld
lli llip, lli, llip llid, llid pl, pl p
lip lid, lip, lid li, li p (lepas), (lepas)
(tidak lepas)
organik
0 - 20 %
20 - 50 %
> 50 %
Drainase Tanah
Sedang Agak jelek. Muka
0-8%
Kerikil & kerakal (2
Klas Kesesuai dan Faktor Penghambat Baik Cepat, agak cepat,
Lereng
perm ukaan
Sifat Tanah
Buruk
baik dan a-gak baik.
Tanpa
KLASIFIKASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN: PATH & TRAIL
Sekali setahun atau kurang
Batu (>25 cm )
0-3%
3 - 15 %
> 15 %
Batuan (bedrock)
0 - 0.1 %
0.1 - 3 %
>3 %
*) KETERANGAN: lp= lempung berpasir; lph= lempung berpasir halus; l h lempung lpsh= l berpasir b i sangat halus; h l l= l lempung; l ld= lempung berdebu; lli=lempung liat; llip= lempung liat berpasir; llid= lempung liat berdebu; pl= pasir berlempung; lip= liat berpasir; lid= liat berdebu; li= liat; p= pasir; pl= pasir berlempung
setahun
Lereng
0 - 15 %
15 - 25 %
> 25 %
Tekstur *) tanah
lp,lph, lpsh, l, ld
lli, llip, llid, pl
lip, lid, li, p, orga-
0 - 20 %
20 - 50 %
> 50 %
0 - 0.1 %
0.1- 3 %
>3 %
permukaan
nik
Kerikil & kerakal (2
m m - 25 cm )
per-mukaan
lebih dari 50 cm. Banjir
Jelek, sangat jelek.
mm - 25 cm) Batu & Batuan
LAND EVALUATION STUDI FOR SMALL HOLDERS UPLAND AGRICULTURE IN JAMPANG TENGAH, NYALINDUNG & CIKEMBAR SUKABUMI DISTRICT WEST JAVA - INDONESIA Hadi Susilo Arifin The Rural & Land Ecology Survey and Survey Integration N-4 Course ITC - BAKOSURTANAL
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Integrated use of the disciplines No Contributed Information of Diciplines I
II
Continued...
Integrated Use of The Diciplines Geom. Wat.sh. Rural SI
GEOMORPHOLOGY - Morphometry - Morphography - Morphogenesis - Morphocronology - Lythology WATERSHED - Crop water requirement - Land slide succestibility - Surface run-off - Hazard zoning - Conservation measures to reduce hazard - Erosion hazard
x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x
x
x x x x
x x x x
x
x
x
x
A. Background of Study Area which of A. Problem area is stated by Objectives of survey BAPPEDA TK II Selecting the study area S k b i Sukabumi B. Land Evaluation Study Objectives Activities (Incl. Method, Example, etc) Information o a o requirement equ e e C. Out Come Maps Information for LUTs
No Contributed Information of Diciplines
Integrated Use of The Diciplines Geom. Wat.sh. Rural SI
III RURAL SURVEY - Land cover - Land use - Agriculture system - Crop calendar - Conservation practices IV SURVEY INTEGRATION - Population - Market system - Land tenure - Farming system
x x
x x
x x x x x
x x x
x
x x x x
x
A. PROBLEM FINDING AND SOLVING IN THE STUDY AREA OF CIKEMBAR, NYALINDUNG AND JAMPANG TENGAH SUB-DISTRICT
SECONDARY DATA S I Jampang T Cikembar Nyalindung Tengah U A PRIMARY DATA T I §Field checks on the spot O §Interview to resource persons N per sampling plot
DISTRICT LEVEL
LOCAL LAND USE PLANNING through LAND EVALUATION STUDY
M E A N S
E N D S
1. 2. 3. 4.
Agriculture Mining Tourism Proccessing Industry
Developmental Orientation for 3 subdistricts Cikembar
Nyalindung
Jampang Tengah
•Mining •Horticulture •Industry •Industry •Estate •Estate •Food Crop
SOURCE: - Syllabus on Information Management - Basic patern of regional development of Sukabumi District (1989/1990 – 1993/1994)
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 LAND USE IN THREE SUB-DISTRICT (1989)
INTRODUCTION
SUB-DISTRICT
BACKGROUND g in the study y area ¾ Problem finding ¾ Government Objectives Table. Land Use system in Sukabumi District and in Study Area LAND USE 1. Grassland 1 G l d+B Bushland hl d 2. Forest 3. Dryland 4. Wetland 5. Estate
SUKABUMI
STUDY AREA
LTA – 47 BAPPEDA VILLAGE PROFILE 1985/1986 1989/1990 1990
22 2.2 29.8 23.8 14.4 20.2
26 13.6 29
11 6 11.6 28.2 12.1 15.2 17.6
LAND USE Settlement Dryland Community forest Unutilized land Estate Forest Grassland Fish pond Irrigation technic Semi technic irrigation Non PU irrigation Rainfed Simple irrigation Others TOTAL
CIKEMBAR NYALINDUNG JAMPANG (ha) (ha) TENGAH (ha) 453 161 2000 4316 2235 9357 1793 1266 4635 24 24 1723 1450 9658 149 2170 7080 30 10 600 362 342 249 850 893 53 788 949 175 125 496 543 9833 9440 35686
SOURCE : SUKABUMI DALAM ANGKA 1989
 MATRIX OF PRELIMINARY LUT(s) AND SUB-DISTRICTS IN STUDY AREA SUB-DISTRICT PRELIMINARY LUT(S) LUT 1 (Wetland Agriculture) Rice – Rice – Rice ; Rice – Rice LUT 2 (Rainfed Agriculture) Rice – Palawija LUT 3 (Horticulture) Babycorn – Babycorn – Longbean LUT 4 (Horticulture) Melon – Chili LUT 5 (Agrosilvicultural) g – Albizia Ginger LUT 6 (Estate crop / Industry) Murbai LUT 7 (Estate crop) / (small holding) Tea plantation ; Tea / Cynamomum LUT 8 (Estate crop) Rubber plantation LUT 9 (Estate crop) Cocoa / Glericidia
KECAMATAN CIKEMBAR NYALINDUNG JAMPANG TENGAH
8 8 8 8
8
8 8 8
8
8
8
8 8
8 8 8
B. LAND EVALUATION STUDY 1.OBJECTIVES BAPPEDA : to provide the contribution of local land use planning foccussing on the Agriculture aspect in the effort to support the present and future development activities SURVEY OBJECTIVES : - To analyze development options & the subsequent trends in land use - To analyze & assess for the survey area the nature, extent, location as well as the couses & effects of the natural resource problems and potentials - To assess the present & future needs and systematically evaluate the land’s ability to supply them
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2. ACTIVITIES In order to ensure the efficiency continuation of survey activity, work procedures are divided into three : A Pre A. P – field fi ld W Work k B. Field Work : conducted in the form of secondary & primary data collection through interview and field check and observation C. Post – field Work p mentioned above is actually y implemented p Three steps according to land evaluation study procedures show in the scheme below :
THE MAIN OBJECTIVES ARE AS FOLLOW : 1. To analyze development options and the subsequent trends in land use 2. To analyze and assess for the survey area the nature, extent, location as well as the causes & effects of the natural resource problems and potentials 3 To 3. T assess the th presentt & future f t needs d and d systematically evaluate the land’s ability to supply them
OBJECTIVES This land evaluation study deals with upland agriculture land use addressed to small holders or small scale farmers. This land evaluation study may hopefully contribute information for spatial land use planning procedures and policies formulated by government of Sukabumi District in its attempt to achieve the aim of accelerating development activities.
METHODOLOGY ¾ METHOD PARALLEL APROACH - FIELD CHECK - INTERVIEW
SEMI DETAIL SURVEY - UNIT OBSERVATION - SCALE OF MAP
¾ MATERIALS SPATIAL DATA NON SPATIAL DATA
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3. DATA / INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS TO BE COLLECTED These have been formulated after taking into account problem finding & solving in the three study area & summarized in the form of information requirement bellow Data Requirement : Physical Data : Climate Geology Landform Hydrology Soil Vegetation Present land use Agriculture system Management & field
Social-Economic Data : Market Labor Infrastructure Population Subsistence requirement Land tenure
RESULTS PRESENT FARMING SYSTEM Farming System Type Farm Size Farm Income LAND COVER / USE Land Cover / Use in 1981 Land Cover in 1989 Land Cover Changes 1981 - 1989
C. OUT COME 1. MAPS :
Land Unit Map Land Cover Changing Map Land Suitability Map for each LUT Land Suitability Map for all LUT
2. INFORMATION for LUTs Present Condition Future
LAND EVALUATION ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION Â PROMISING LUTs LUT1 : TEA LUT2 : MULBERRY LUT3 : ALBIZIA LUT4 : ALBIZIA / MAIZE
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 TERRAIN MAPPING UNIT QUALITIES LAND USE REQUIREMENT : AVAILABILITY OF ROOTING SPACE - Soil effective depth (cm) - Coarse fragment (%)
EROSION HAZARD
 LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION MATCHING TMU & FACTOR RATINGS
- Slope (%)
NUTRIENT RETENTION CAPACITY - pH
SUITABILITY CLASS : S1, S2, S3, N
AVAILABILITY OF OXYGEN - Drainage class
TEMPERATURE REGIME
- Annual mean temperature (ºC)
DISCUSSION ¾ LAND SUITABILITY IN THE STUDY AREA
S1, S2, S3, N for f S2, S3, N for S2, S3, N for S2, N for
TEA MULBERRY ALBIZIA MAIZE
¾ THE MAIN LIMITING FACTOR L Low – Soil S il pH, H or Hi High h – Soil S il pH H Shallow – Effective Soil Depth Verry Steep - Slope
CONCLUSION 1. LAND EVALUATION STUDY → Land Suitability Classification Classification, Land Suitability Map 2. Tea, Mulberry, and Albizia are feasible planted within study area 3. The limiting factor of soil pH ↓ can over come by liming. The liming factor of slope steepness can over come by contour terracing.
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Terima Kasih
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