PENGEMBANGAN E-LEARNING BAGI SISWA TEKNIK ELEKTRONIKA SMK NEGERI 5 BANJARMASIN YANG MELAKSANAKAN PRAKTIK KERJA INDUSTRI
ZYAINURI NIM 10702259020
Tesis ditulis untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan Untuk mendapatkan gelar Magister Pendidikan Program Studi Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan
PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA 2012
ABSTRAK
ZYAINURI : Pengembangan E-learning bagi Siswa Teknik Elektronika SMK Negeri 5 Banjarmasin yang Melaksanakan Praktik Kerja Industri. Tesis. Yogyakarta: Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. 2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengembangkan e-learning memperbaiki alat reproduksi sinyal audio video CD bagi siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Negeri 5 Banjarmasin yang melaksanakan praktik kerja industri (Prakerin) (2) mengetahui kelayakan e-learning yang dihasilkan sebagai sumber belajar siswa, dan (3) mengungkap keefektifan e-learning terhadap pencapaian hasil belajar siswa kelas XI teknik elektronika SMK Negeri 5 Banjarmasin yang melaksanakan Prakerin. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) yang dilakukan melalui empat tahap, yaitu analisis, perencanaan, desain, dan pengembangan. Pada tahap pengembangan, produk e-learning diuji kelayakannya dengan cara divalidasi oleh ahli materi dan ahli media (uji alpha), oleh siswa (uji beta) dan kemudian dilakukan revisi akhir. Selanjutnya, dilakukan evaluasi sumatif untuk mengetahui keefektifan e-learning dengan cara menerapkan pembelajaran pada kelas XI Teknik Elektronika SMK Negeri 5 Banjarmasin yang terdiri atas 25 siswa yang diawali dengan pretest dan diakhiri dengan posttest. Sebagai pembanding pada kelas lain, dilakukan pula proses pembelajaran dengan bahan ajar media cetak. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) e-learning yang dikembangkan dengan LMS Moodle melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu: perencanaan, desain, dan pengembangan. E-learning menyajikan materi perbedaan media rekam VCD dan DVD dan prinsip kerja DVD player pada standar kompetensi memperbaiki alat reproduksi sinyal audio video CD untuk siswa kelas XI Teknik Elektronika yang sedang melaksanakan Prakerin, (2) e-learning tersebut layak digunakan pada siswa kelas XI yang melaksanakan Prakerin. Kelayakan e-learning berdasarkan ahli materi termasuk kategori baik dengan skor rerata 3,98, berdasarkan ahli media termasuk kategori baik dengan skor rerata 3,90 berdasarkan uji beta termasuk kategori sangat baik dengan skor rerata 4,15, dan berdasarkan uji produk termasuk kategori baik dengan skor rerata 3,90 , (3) Penggunaan e-learning untuk siswa kelas XI yang melaksanakan Prakerin efektif dalam pencapaian hasil belajar siswa yang melaksanakan Prakerin. Hal ini terbukti kelas yang menggunakan e-learning dalam proses pembelajaran terdapat 20 siswa yang tuntas (80%), dengan rerata nilai posttest siswa 76,84. Sedangkan, kelas yang dalam pembelajaran menggunakan media cetak jumlah siswa yang tuntas 18 (78%) dengan rerata nilai posttest 73,60. Kata kunci : pengembangan e-learning, prakerin
ABSTRACT ZYAINURI: Developing E-Learning for Students of Electronics Engineering in SMK Negeri 5 Banjarmasin Joining the Industrial Work Practicum. Thesis. Yogyakarta: Graduate School, Yogyakarta State University, 2012. This study aims to: (1) develop e-learning for repairing a signal reproduction device for audio video CD for students of Electronics Engineering in Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Negeri 5 Banjarmasin joining the industrial work practicum; (2) investigate the appropriateness of the developed e-learning as a learning resource for students; and (3) investigate the effectiveness of e-learning in the attainment of learning outcomes of Year XI students of Electronics Engineering in SMK Negeri 5 Banjarmasin joining the industrial work practicum. This study was a research and development (R & D) study carried out in four stages, i.e. analysis, planning, design, and development. In the development stage, the feasibility of the e-learning product was assessed through validation by material and media experts (the alpha test), students (the beta test), and was finally revised. Then, a summative evaluation was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of e-learning by applying it in Year XI of Electronics Engineering in SMK Negeri 5 Banjarmasin, involving 25 students, who were given a pretest and a posttest. As a comparison, in another class the learning process made use of printed learning materials. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the study are as follows. (1) The e-learning is developed in three stages, i.e. planning, design, and development. The e-learning development presents the materials for the competence standard in repairing a signal reproduction device for audio video CD for students of Electronics Engineering joining the industrial work practicum. (2) The e-learning is appropriate to be used by Year XI students joining the industrial work practicum. Its appropriateness is in the good category with a score of 3.98 by the material expert, is in the good category with a mean of 3.90 by the media expert, is in the very good category with a score of 4.45 by the beta test, and is in the good category with a score of 3.90 by the product testing. (3) The use of the e-learning by Year XI students joining the industrial work practicum is effective in the attainment of learning outcomes. This is indicated, in the class in which the learning process uses the e-learning, there are 20 students (80%) attaining the mastery level, with a posttest mean of 76,84. Meanwhile, in the class in which the learning process uses printed media, there are 18 students (78%) attaining the mastery level with a a posttest mean of 73.60 Keywords: e-learning development, industrial work practicum
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT atas lindungan, rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tesis ini dengan lancar tanpa halangan yang berarti. Dalam kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang setulus-tulusnya dan penghargaan kepada yang terhormat: 1. Dr. Eko Marpanaji, MT, selaku pembimbing yang telah memberikan bimbingan, arahan dan dorongan sehingga tesis ini terwujud. 2. H. Rudi Arifin selaku Gubernur Kalimantan Selatan beserta staf di dinas pendidikan Kalsel yang telah menyelengarakan program beasiswa S2 di Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. 3. Direktur Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta beserta staf, yang telah membantu penulis sehingga tesis ini terwujud. 4. Prof. Pardjono, M.Sc, Ph.D selaku Kaprodi Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan dan reviewer, yang telah memberi masukan kepada penulis demi sempurnanya laporan. 5. Para dosen Program Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan yang telah memberikan bekal ilmu. 6. Drs. Syahrir, MM selaku Kepala SMK Negeri 5 Banjarmasin yang telah memberikan ijin pelaksanaan penelitian dan para siswa yang telah memberikan kesempatan dan kerjasama yang baik sehingga pelaksanaan penelitian berjalan lancar.
7. Para guru Teknik Elektronika SMK Negeri 5 Banjarmasin yang telah membantu dalam pelaksanaan penelitian. 8. Keluargaku, sahabat dan segenap teman-teman Prodi S2 PTK dan mahasiswa S2 Kalsel Angkatan 2010.
Akhirnya rasa terima kasih yang sangat pribadi kepada istri tercinta Dwi Mariyati dan anakku Irsyad Nur Rahman yang dengan penuh pengertian senantiasa memberikan bantuan, do’a, motivasi dan dukungan sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan studi dengan lancar. Mengalir do’a untuk putriku tercinta Praba Dwi Nur Wardani. Semoga amal kebaikan dari berbagai pihak tersebut mendapat pahala yang berlipat dari Allah SWT dan semoga tesis ini bermanfaat bagi pembaca. Amin.
Yogyakarta, Mei 2012 Zyainuri NIM. 10702259020
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ......................................................................................... ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... PERNYATAAN ................................................................................................. LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................... KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................
Hal i ii iii iv v vi viii xi xii xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah..........................................................................
1
B. Identifikasi Masalah ................................................................................
4
C. Pembatasan Masalah ..............................................................................
5
D. Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................
6
E. Tujuan Pengembangan ...........................................................................
6
F. Spesifikasi Produk .................................................................................
7
G. Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................
8
H. Asumsi dan Keterbatasan Pengembangan .............................................
9
I. Definisi Istilah ........................................................................................
10
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA A. Kajian Teori 1. Praktik Kerja Industri .......................................................................
12
2. Kompetensi Dasar Memperbaiki Alat Reproduksi Sinyal Audio Video CD .............................................................................
15
3. Pembelajaran dengan Media Cetak ...................................................
18
4. E-learning a. Konsep E-learning .....................................................................
23
b. Faktor-Faktor dalam Mendesain E-learning ...............................
24
c. Prinsip E-learning ......................................................................
26
d. Prinsip Multimedia dalam Pembelajaran ...................................
27
e. Sistem E-learning .....................................................................
28
f. Metode Penyampian E-learning ................................................
31
g. Teori Belajar yang Mendasari E-learning .................................
35
h. Manfaat E-learning ..................................................................
45
5. Pengembangan E-learning a. Model Pengembangan ................................................................
46
b. Pengembangan E-learning dengan Moodle ...............................
49
c. Desain Evaluasi Produk E-learning ...........................................
54
6. Hasil Belajar ...................................................................................
57
B. Kajian Penelitian yang Relevan .............................................................
62
C. Kerangka Pikir .......................................................................................
64
D. Pertanyaan Penelitian .............................................................................
66
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN A. Model Pengembangan ............................................................................
68
B. Prosedur Pengembangan 1. Perencanaan .....................................................................................
69
2. Desain ..............................................................................................
70
3. Pengembangan .................................................................................
71
C. Uji Coba Produk 1. Desain Uji Coba ...............................................................................
73
2. Subjek Uji Coba ...............................................................................
74
3. Jenis Data .........................................................................................
74
4. Instrumen Pengumpulan Data ..........................................................
75
5. Teknik Analisis Data ........................................................................
81
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN A. Pengembangan E-learning Memperbaiki Alat Reproduksi Sinyal Audio Video CD 1. Hasil Perencanaan .............................................................................
83
2. Hasil Desain ......................................................................................
85
3. Hasil Pengembangan Produk ...........................................................
88
B. Data Uji Coba 1. Data Validasi Ahli Materi ................................................................
110
2. Data Validasi Ahli Media ................................................................
112
3. Data Validasi Uji Beta .....................................................................
114
4. Data Evaluasi Sumatif (Uji Produk) ................................................
116
5. Data Hasil Posttest ...........................................................................
117
C. Analisis Data 1. Analisis Data Hasil Validasi Ahli Materi ........................................
120
2. Analisis Data Hasil Validasi Ahli Media .........................................
123
3. Analisis Data Hasil Validasi Uji Beta ..............................................
126
4. Analisis Data Evaluasi Sumatif (Uji Produk) ..................................
128
5. Analisis Data Posttest ......................................................................
130
D. Revisi Produk 1. Revisi Ahli Media ............................................................................
131
2. Revisi Ahli Materi ............................................................................
134
3. Revisi Uji Beta .................................................................................
134
E. Kajian Produk Akhir ...............................................................................
135
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN A. Simpulan ................................................................................................
138
B. Implikasi .................................................................................................
140
C. Keterbatasan Penelitian ..........................................................................
140
D. Saran Pemanfaatan, Diseminasi dan Pengembangan Lebih Lanjut .......
141
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................
142
LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................
143
DAFTAR TABEL
Hal Tabel 1. Form Evaluasi Desain Produk E-learning Menurut Chee & Wong ............. 55 Tabel 2
Kisi-kisi Instrumen Ahli Materi ..................................................................... 76
Tabel 3. Aspek Yang Dinilai Pada Tes Beta ................................................................. 77 Tabel 4. Kisi-kisi Instrumen Ahli Media .................................................................... 78 Tabel 5. Kriteria Tingkat Kesukaran Soal Pilihan Ganda ............................................. 80 Tabel 6. Konversi Skor ke Nilai Pada Skala 5 ............................................................. 81 Tabel 7. Pedoman Hasil Konversi Skor ke Nilai Pada Skala 5 ................................... 82 Tabel 8. Data Validasi Ahli Materi .............................................................................. 111 Tabel 9. Data Validasi Ahli Media .............................................................................. 113 Tabel 10. Data Uji Beta ................................................................................................. 115 Tabel 11. Data Evaluasi Sumatif .................................................................................... 116 Tabel 12. Rekapitulasi Nilai Posttest Kelas E-learning ................................................ 118 Tabel 13. Rekapitulasi Nilai Posttest Kelas Modul ....................................................... 119 Tabel 14. Rekap Rerata Hasil Validasi Ahli Materi ..................................................... 120 Tabel 15. Pedoman hasil konversi skor ke nilai pada skala 5 ........................................ 120 Tabel 16. Persentase Hasil Validasi Ahli Materi ........................................................... 121 Tabel 17. Rekap Rerata Hasil Validasi Ahli Maedia ..................................................... 123 Tabel 18. Pedoman hasil konversi skor ke nilai pada skala 5 ........................................ 123 Tabel 19. Persentase Hasil Validasi Ahli Materi ........................................................... 125 Tabel 20. Hasil Uji Beta ................................................................................................. 126 Tabel 21. Hasil Uji Coba ............................................................................................... 128
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Hal Gambar 1. Faktor Utama Sistem Pembelajaran Berbasis WEB ................................. 25 Gambar 2. Model Pengembangan Alessi & Trolip ...................................................... 46 Gambar 3. Model Penelitian R&D Diadaptasi dari Model Alessi & Trolip ................ 68 Gambar 4. Proses Pengembangan E-learning .............................................................. 72 Gambar 5. Flowchart E-learning ................................................................................. 86 Gambar 6. Desain layout learning-solution.com ......................................................... 87 Gambar 7. Proses Copy Folder Moodle1.9.10 ke XAMPP htdocs ............................. 89 Gambar 8. Tampilan Awal Instalation Moodle ............................................................ 89 Gambar 9. Tampilan Checking PHP Setting ................................................................ 90 Gambar 10. Tampilan Comfirm Location Data Moodle ................................................. 90 Gambar 11. Tampilan Isian Database ............................................................................. 91 Gambar 12. Tampilan Server Checks ............................................................................. 91 Gambar 13. Tampilan Download Language Pack .......................................................... 92 Gambar 14. Tampilan Configuration Completed .......................................................... 92 Gambar 15. Tampilan Pernyataan Hak Cipta ................................................................ 93 Gambar 16. Tampilan Current Release Information ..................................................... 93 Gambar 17. Tampilan Setup Administration Account ................................................... 94 Gambar 18. Tampilan Front Page Setting .................................................................... 95 Gambar 19. Tampilan Portal E-learning Setelah Installasi ........................................... 95
Gambar 20. Tampilan Awal FileZilla ........................................................................... 96 Gambar 21. Tampilan Koneksi Laptop dan Server Hosting dengan FileZilla ............. 97 Gambar 22. Tampilan Menu Login cPanel .................................................................... 97 Gambar 23. Tampilan cPanel ....................................................................................... 98 Gambar 24. Tampilan File Maneger Directory Selection ............................................ 98 Gambar 25. Tampilan File Manager Learning-solution ................................................ 99 Gambar 26. Tampilan E-learning dengan Thema Baru ................................................ 99 Gambar 27. Tampilan Edit Config.php .......................................................................... 100 Gambar 28. Tampilan Edit Config-dist.php ................................................................... 100 Gambar 29. Tampilan Awal learning-solution.com ...................................................... 101 Gambar 30. Tampilan Navigasi Learning-solution.com ............................................... 102 Gambar 31. Tampilan Login Learning-solution ............................................................ 102 Gambar 32. Tampilan New Account Learning-solution ................................................ 103 Gambar 33. Tampilan Course Teknik Elektronika ....................................................... 104 Gambar 34. Tampilan Course Memperbaiki Alat Reproduksi Sinyal AV CD ............. 104 Gambar 35. Tampilan Enroll me in this course ............................................................ 105 Gambar 36. Tampilan Awal Soal Latihan .................................................................... 106 Gambar 37. Tampilan Tugas Pertama............................................................................ 106 Gambar 38. Tampilan Quiz ............................................................................................ 107 Gambar 39. Tampilan Penilaian Tugas .......................................................................... 107 Gambar 40. Tampilan Penilaian Posttest ....................................................................... 108 Gambar 41. Tampilan Topik pada Forum ..................................................................... 108 Gambar 42. Tampilan Chat Session............................................................................... 109
Gambar 43. Tampilan Bigbluebutton ............................................................................ 109 Gambar 44. Grafik Rerata Penilaian Tiap Aspek oleh Ahli Materi .............................. 121 Gambar 45. Grafik Hasil Validasi Ahli Materi .............................................................. 122 Gambar 46. Grafik Rerata Penilaian Tiap Aspek oleh Ahli Media .............................. 124 Gambar 47. Grafik Hasil Validasi Ahli Maedia ........................................................... 125 Gambar 48. Grafik Hasil Uji Beta ................................................................................. 127 Gambar 49. Grafik Persentase Hasil Uji Coba Produk ................................................. 129 Gambar 50. Grafik Rerata Hasil Posttest ...................................................................... 130 Gambar 51. Tampilan Home Sebelum Revisi .............................................................. 131 Gambar 52. Tampilan Home Sesudah Direvisi ............................................................. 132 Gambar 53. Tampilan Petunjuk Penggunaan E-learning .............................................. 132 Gambar 54. Tampilan weekly outline sebelum revisi .................................................... 133 Gambar 55. Tampilan weekly outline sesudah revisi ..................................................... 133 Gambar 56. Tampilan Jadwal Diskusi ON AIR di Forum ............................................ 134 Gambar 57. Tampilan Jadwal Diskusi ON AIR di Halaman Home ............................. 135
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Hal Lampiran 1. SKKD Teknik Elektronika ..................................................................... 147 Lampiran 2. Silabus Memperbaiki Alat Reproduksi Audio Video CD ....................... 151 Lampiran 3. Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran ........................................................ 157 Lampiran 4. Materi E-learning .................................................................................... 168 Lampiran 5. Materi Media Cetak ................................................................................ 178 Lampiran 6. Soal Uji Coba .......................................................................................... 196 Lampiran 7. Analisis Butir Soal dengan Iteman ........................................................... 206 Lampiran 8. Lembar Pra Survey ................................................................................... 216 Lampiran 9. Analisis Data Pra Survey ......................................................................... 222 Lampiran 10. Instrumen Ahli Materi ............................................................................. 229 Lampiran 11. Instrumen Ahli Media .............................................................................. 232 Lampiran 12. Instrumen Uji Beta ................................................................................. 234 Lampiran 13. Instrumen Uji Produk .............................................................................. 236 Lampiran 14. Evaluasi Ahli Materi ................................................................................ 240 Lampiran 15. Evaluasi Ahli Media ................................................................................ 243 Lampiran 16. Evaluasi Uji Beta .................................................................................... 245 Lampiran 17. Evaluasi Uji Produk ................................................................................. 251 Lampiran 18. Foto Penelitian .......................................................................................... 252 Lampiran 19. Administrasi Penelitian .......................................................................... 255
