ZÁKLADY ANGLICKÉ GRAMATIKY PRO SOU MGR. DITA HEJLOVÁ
FRÁZOVÁ SLOVESA – ZÁKLADNÍ TVARY VY_32_INOVACE_AH_2_13 OPVK 1.5 – EU peníze středním školám CZ.1.07/1.500/34.0116 Modernizace výuky na učilišti
Název školy
Střední odborné učiliště Svitavy Nádražní 1083, Svitavy
Název šablony
III/2 Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky prostřednictvím ICT
Předmět
Anglický jazyk
Tematický celek
Základy anglické gramatiky pro SOU
Téma
Frázová slovesa
Klíčová slova
Phrasal verbs, phrases
Druh učebního materiálu
Prezentace (Microsoft PowerPoint)
Metodický pokyn
Materiál je primárně určen pro studenty 4. ročníku maturitních oborů na SOU; žáci si mají zopakovat základní frázová slovesa; v závěru je část určená k procvičení
Datum vytvoření
19. 10. 2013
V angličtině se velmi často používají tzv. frázová slovesa. Jedná se o spojení slovesa s předložkou, která má v tomto
případě roli příslovce a blíže určuje význam slovesa. Frázová slovesa mohou mít hned několik různých významů.
Break down (porouchat se) – Our car broke down on the way home. Break in(to) (vloupat se) – Somebody broke into their cottage and stole some antiquities
Break out (vypuknout) – WW I broke out in 1914. Break up (with) (rozejít se s) – Jack broke up with Lucy last
week. Bring up (vychovat) – She brought up her son without any help.
Call back (zavolat zpět) – I‘ll call you back as soon as possible. Call off (odvolat, zrušit) – He called off the meeting. Carry on (pokračovat) – Carry on reading. Catch up (with) (dohnat) – We had to run to catch up with them. Check in (ubytovat se; odbavit se) – You have to check in first. Check out (of) (odhlásit se) – We have to check out of the
hotel by 12 a.m.
Cheer up (rozveselit) – How can we cheer her up? Come across (náhodou najít; narazit na) – We came across some old photos in the attic. Come back (vrátit se) – We‘ll come back in ten minutes.
Come on (dělej; ale jdi) – Come on! You‘ll be late if you don‘t
hurry up. Come on! You don‘t expect us to believe youdo you?
Come over (zastavit se; zajít) – Would you like to come over to our place for a glass of wine? Come together (sejít se) – We‘ll come together to celebrate his birthday. Cut down (on) (omezit; snížit) – You should cut down on sweets or you‘ll put on weight. Cut off (přerušit) – He got cut off in the middle of the call.
They had cut off all contacts with their family.
Dress up (převléci se za; slavnostně se obléct) – He was dressed up as Spiderman.
I had dressed up for the job interview. Drop in (zastavit se) – Drop in sometime. Drop off (vysadit – pasažéra) – You can drop me off here. Fall apart (rozpadat se) – Their house is falling appart. Fall out with (pohádat se s) – Jane fell out with her sister two
days ago.
Fall over (upadnout) – I tripped and fell over. Fill in (vyplnit) – You have to fill in this registration form. Fill up (naplnit) – They filled up the bottle with water. Find out (zjistit) – Did you find out anything about him? Get away (utéct) – He didn‘t manage to get away. Get get in(to) / out (of) (nastoupit / vystoupit) – He got into the
taxi. / He got out of the taxi. Get on / off (nastoupit / vystoupit) – We got on the bus. / We got off at the wrong stop.
Get on / along (with) (vycházet s ) – How do you get on with the people you work with? Get over (překonat) – He got over a serious illness. Get up (vstávat) – I usually get up at 6 a.m. Give away (darovat) – Many people give away money to charity. Give in (vzdát se) – We‘ll never give in. Give out (rozdat) – The teacher gave out the papers and the students had half an hour to do the test.
Give up (vzdát se; přestat s) – I gave up after several minutes it was too difficult.
- She gave up smoking. Go off (vybouchnout; spustit, zkazit se) – The bomb went off. / My alarm clock goes off at six a.m. / The milk went off because it was‘nt in the fridge. Go on (dít se; pokračovat) – What‘s going on? / The show
must go on.
Go out (jít ven; chodit s; zhasnout) – He often goes out with his friends./He‘s been going out with Jane for several
months./The candle went out. Grow up (vyrůst, dospět) – She grew up in the country. Hang on (vydržet) – Hang on. I‘ll help you in a second. Hang up (zavěsit) – He didn‘t say anything and hung up. Have on (mít na sobě) – She had on a beautiful dress. Hold on (vydržet; počkat) – Hold on a minute!
Hold up (zdržet) – He‘s so slow. He‘s holding us up. Hurry up (pospíšit si) – Hurry up! We don‘t have much time. Join in (přidat se; zapojit se) – We wanted to join in the game. Keep up with (držet krok s; stačit) – Slow down! We can‘t keep up with you. Leave out (vynechat) – Check the list once more. I think
you‘ve left someone out. Let down (zklamat) – We won‘t let you down, we promise.
Log on (přihlásit se) – Can you help me? I don‘t know how to log on. Look after (starat se o) – She is old enough to look after herself. Look for (hledat) – He‘s looking for a job. Look forward to (těšit se na) – We‘re looking forward to the
weekend. Look out (dávat pozor) – Look out! A car is comming.
Look up (vyhledat) – Look up the words in the dictionary. Look up to (obdivovat) – He looks up to their parents. Make up (udobřit se; vymyslet) – They had an arguement, but they made up very soon. - He made up the whole story.
Pick on (zasednout si na; dobírat si ) – They pick on him because he‘s so small. Pick up (vyzvednout; zvednout) Can you pick up the children from school today? Pick up your clothes off the floor and put them into the wardrobe.
Point out (upozornit na; ukázat; zdůraznit) – She pointed out some mistakes in my test.
Put away (uklidit; odložit) – The children put away their toys and went to bed. Put down (položit) – Put down the jug or you‘ll break it. Put off (odložit; odradit; rozptylovat) – They put off the meeting until next Wednesday. / His behaviour has put us off./The music put us off our work. Put on (obléknout) – Put on a clean T-shirt! Put up (postavit) – They put up their tent near the river.
Put up with (snést) – I find him really rude. How can you put up with him? Run out (of) (dojít; docházet) – I‘ve run out of milk. Can you lend me some? Run over (přejet) – He run over a pedestrian yesterday. Sell out (vyprodat) – The concert was completely sold out. Set off (vyrazit; vydat se na cestu) – When do you want to set
off?
Set up (vytvořit; založit) – They set up their company five years ago. Settle down(usadit se) – My friends settled down in a small village. Slow down (zpomalit) – Slow down! You‘re driving too quickly.
Sort out (vyřešit) – I have to sort out some problems. Speak up (mluvit hlasitěji) – Speak up! We can‘t hear you. Take after (podobat se; být po někom) – She takes after her mother.
Take off (sundat; vzlétnout) – Take off your coat it‘s warm in here. / The plane took off at 5 p.. Take up (začit se věnovat; zabírat) – She‘s taken up doing sport in order to lose some weight./The furniture takes up a lot of space. Think over (rozmyslet si; promyslet si) – I need some time to
think over your offer. Throw away/out (vyhodit) – The CD player is broken. I‘ll have
to throw it away.
Try on (vyzkoušet si – oblečení) – Can I try on these trousers? Try out (vyzkoušet) – Try out my new laptop! Turn down (odmítnout; ztlumit) – Why did you turn down the offer? / Turn down the TV! Turn on/off (zapnout/vypnout) – Turn on the TV. I want to watch the news. / You can turn off the TV. I‘m not watching it. Turn over (otočit) – Turn over your exam papers!
Turn up (dorazit; objevit se; zesílit) – They turned up late./ Turn up the TV! Wake up (probudit -se) – I woke up very early yesterday. / Will you wake me up at five, please? Wear out (obnosit; vyčerpat -se) – She wore out several pairs of shoes during one year./ The children have worn her completely out.
Work out (posilovat/cvičit; vyřešit; vyjít) – He works out in the gym every day./ Don‘t say anything. We want to
work it out for ourselves. They holiday in Italy didn‘t work out the way they‘d planned./24
Write down (poznamenat si; zapsat) – Write down the address. It‘s necessary.
TRANSLATE./PŘELOŽTE.
Vzdej to. To nedokážeš. Give it up! You won‘t manage it. Nějaký opilý řidič včera přejel malé dítě. A drunk driver run over a small child yesterday. Obleč si ty nové šaty. Jsou opravdu krásné. Put on the new dress. It‘s really beautiful. Vypni tu televizi a jdi spát. Turn off the TV and go to bed.
Budou muset odložit dovolenou. They‘ll have to put off ther holiday. John se právě rozešel s přítelkyní. John‘s just broken up with his girlfriend. Jak vycházíš s tvými spolužáky? How do you get on with your classmates? V jeho domě včera vypukl požár. In his house broke out the fire yesterday.
Zdroje NEUVEDEN. Really learn 100 phrasal verbs. China: Oxford University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-19431744-3.
BELÁN, Juraj. Gramatika anglického jazyka. Brno: DIDAKTIS, 2007, ISBN 978-80-7358-066-7.
