TEKNOLOGI HORTIKULTURA PS. THP S-1(MK.PILIHAN) WEEK TWO PROF. SIMON BW
POSTHARVEST HANDLING STEPS • • • • • • •
HARVESTING & GRADING PACKAGING COOLING STORAGE & TRASPORTATION INSECT DISINFESTATION MARKETING FOOD SAFETY
PRODUKSI BUAH TROPIS • Negara penghasil buah tropis di Asia dan benua pasifik sekitar tahun 1988 berjum;ah 84 juta ton atau sekitar 26% dari produksi total dunia dan menyumbang sekitar 4%. • Indonesia tahun 2005 sebesar US$143,3 juta atau setara dengan 270,66 juta ton terdiri: buah nenas, pisang citrus, oranges, mangga, manggis, asam jawa dll.
• Sementara itu Indonesia mengimpor buah sebesar US$232,4 juta, sehingga terjadi deficit perdagangan sebesar US$83,84 juta. Buah impor masuk ke Indonesia a.l.: kurma, pear, plum (stone fruits dll), apel, durian, anggur, citrus, mandarin oranges
TROPICAL FRUITS (PAPAYA) • HARVEST: GREEN MATURE OR SLIGHT YELLOW, DAYS AFTER FLOWER ? VARIETY: SOLO , THAILAND • METHOD: HAND OR TRACTOR SEE SLIDE • PACKAGING: CARTON, SIZE? WEIGHT: 4 Kg • SINGLE LAYER, USE SPONS/sterofoam/PAPER WRAPS, INDIVIDUAL WRAPS
• COOLING : 10 – 12 0 C, due to TROPICAL ORIGIN, FRUIT SUFFER CHILLING INJURY, IF EXPOSED TOO LONG UNDER LOW TEMP STORAGE. • TRASPORTATION: 10-12 0C, 85-95% RH, AT REEFER COOL STORAGE, SHIPS OR TRAIN • Ventilations : how much ? Why? Co2 Injury?/gas injury.
FRUIT QUALITY • SIZE: SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE • PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTE: NO STAIN, NO SCAR, NO WOUND, NO INSECT OR SPRAY DAMAGE, NO ABOVE COLOR SCORE REQUIRED
FRUIT COLORING/HANDLING AT IMPORTER COUNTRIES • 24 HOURS, UNDER 18- 25 OC, 95% RH, ETHYLENE TREATMENT AT 0,01% OR 100 PPM, FOR MATURE GREEN FRUIT/ DEGREENING: DEVELOPED AUSTRALIA • AT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: INDONESIA, NO DEGREENING TREATMENTS
POSTHARVEST LOSSES • Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloespoirides L.) despoirides L.) FOR LONG TIME STORAGE AT HUMID CONDITIONS • Phytophthora
POSTHARVEST TREATMENT • a cold-water dip or spray containing 0.05% Thaibendazole and surfactant. • Changing of chemical is required each four to five tonnes of fruit • Where no pre-harvest control is in operation and the disease is present in the orchard, the cold water treatment may have to be replaced with a hot-water Thaibendazole treatment. A treatment time of 20 minutes at 46°C is required. • Phytophthora: • Phytophthora is characterised by circular translucent lesions which develop with grey surface mycelium, and is particularly apparent around the peduncle. Postharvest control is achieved by treatment with 0.1% Previncur N.
POSTHARVEST HANDLING FRUIT • • • • • • • • • • •
HARVESTING & GRADING PACKAGING COOLING STORAGE & TRASPORTATION INSECT DISINFESTATION MARKETING FOOD SAFETY DIFFERENT HANDLING TECHNIQUE: DUE TO DIFFERENT FRUIT ORIGIN & SENSITIVITY FRUIT TOWARDS MECHANICAL HANDLING PROCESS. PHYSICAL FORM: THICK SKIN OR DELICATE/VULNARABLE FRUIT WATERMELON/ROCK MELON DIFFERENT HANDLING METHOD COMPARED TO KIWI, STRAWBERRY COOLING : TROPIC ORIGIN : SENSITIVE TO LOW TEMP STORAGE THAN TEMPERATE ORIGIN
ASSIGNMENTS: NEXT WEEK • POSTHARVEST HANDLING: BANANA & MANGO (GROUP 1) • POSTHARVEST HANDLING : CITRUS, MANDARIN (SUBTROPICAL FRUIT), FOR GROUP 2 • POSTHARVEST HANDLING, TEMPERATE FRUITS: APPLE, PEAR FOR GROUP 3.
Informasi yg diperlukan • PANEN • Ketentuan Ukuran kualitas komoditi: berat, diameter ? • Perlakuan di rumah pengepakan: washing, dstnya • Perlakuan pasca panen ttt, kalau ada: fungisida, lalat buah, degreening • Pengepakan, marketing (jalur pasarnya).
METHOD OF DEGREENING • • • • •
BANANA FIND OUT ? CITRUS EXPLAIN: PURPOSE METHODS CHEMICAL TREATMENTS BEFORE DEGREENING • DEGREENING CRITICAL FACTORS
JENIS LALAT BUAH DI INDON
INSECT DISINFESTATION • PEMBERANTASAN LALAT BUAH, METODENYA: • PEMANASAN: Saat ini control suhu dilakukan dengan microprocessor dikontrol oleh seperangkat computer. Suhu uap panas bervariasi antara 43,5 sampai 46,5 oC. lama treatment sekitar 20 – 1,5 jam tergantung jenis buah
PENDINGINAN • Perlakuan pendinginan untuk proses disinfestasi dilakukan pada suhu <2 oC selama 16 – 22 hari, yang disyaratkan oleh ketentuan fihak karantina
RADIASI • Standard FAO/WHO memberikan rekomendasi dosis irradiasi sampai 10 kGy sebagai batas aman untuk produk pangan. Sedangkan USDA mensyaratkan 1kGy untuk disinfestasi buah dan sayuran. • dosis 150 Gy pada buah yang terserang telur dan larva lalat buah dapat mematikannya dan mencegah larva menjadi lalat dewasa.
PEMBERANTASAN HAMA TERPADU LALAT BUAH
