Dampak Reklamasidan Pengerukan Terhadap Sirkulasi Arus Laut, Sungai, Sedimentasi, dan Kualitas Air
Reklamasi dan Pengerukan Bisa Membahayakan Negara Muslim Muin Ph.D. Ocean Engineering Research Group (OERG) Institut Teknologi Bandung Personal Web www.muteknologi.musmuin.com
Muslim Muin Ph.D.
Expertise ◦ ◦ ◦
20011 – 2012,Head of Ocean Engineering Research Group 2005 – 2011, Head of Ocean Engineering Program 2000 – 2004, Faculty member of Ocean Engineering Program 1998 – 1999, Visiting Research Professor in University of Rhode Island, USA 1994 – 1997, Faculty member of Ocean Engineering Program 1987 – 1993, Graduate Student, University of Rhode Island, USA.
Education : ◦ ◦ ◦
Marine Facility Design Structural Dynamics Ocean Hydrodynamics, Sediment Transport, and Water Quality Modeling
Place/Date of Birth : Padang, April 7, 1960. Employer : Institut Teknologi Bandung, 1986 - present Position History : ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
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Ph.D. in Ocean Engineering, University of Rhode Island, USA, 1993. M.Sc. in Ocean Engineering, University of Rhode Island, USA, 1988. B.E. in Civil Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia, 1984.
Website : www.muteknologi.musmuin.com
MuTeknologi Software 3D Ocean Hydrodynamics, Sediment Transport, Water Quality Model in GIS System Non-Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinate Technique
•MuSed3D •MoTuM •MuDrillCutting3D •MuQual3D •MuHeat3D •MuTsunami
User (License)
Arus Pergerakan Partikel Air Gelombang Pendek Arus Laut Gelombang Panjang Arus Laut Global (Ocean Circulation)
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Conveyor Belt Gulf Stream Indonesia Through Flow (ITF) dll
Pergerakan Partikel Gelombang Air
Ocean Circulation
Ocean Conveyer Belt
Arus Laut Gelombang Panjang
Gaya (Forcing) ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Pasang Surut Angin Perbedaan Densitas Sungai Pergerakan Dasar Laut
Geometri Batimetri
Dampak Perubahan Arus Laut Akibat Reklamasi dan Pengerukan
Perubahan Kualitas Air Sediment Transport (Erosi/Deposisi) Perubahan Garis Pantai Navigasi Pelayaran
Dampak Reklamasi dan Pengerukan di Gresik Jawa Timur
Pengerukan di Banten
Dampak Pengerukan di Banten Arus laut pada jalur pipa PGN disekitar daerah pengerukan akan meningkat. Erosi pada jalur pipa Pipa akan tergantung (Free Span) Pipa pecah
Dampak dari Proteksi Trestle di BP Tangguh Papua
Pergerakan Sediment Halus Deposisi Sediment Erosi
Littoral Sediment
Runtuhnya Cliff di BPTangguh akibat berkurang Sediment dari Timur
Tumpukan Sedimen di Sebelah Barat
Daerah Reklamasi di Jakarta Apa yang terjadi pada saat Musim Barat?
Akibat Reklamasi Aliran air laut dari Barat terhalang, muka air naik. Aliran sungai mengalami hambatan Daerah Pluit Banjir. Diperparah oleh penurunan muka tanah (Land Subsidence)
Mangrove di Papua
Mangrove Penting dalam Arus Laut
High Tide
Low Tide
Mangrove Cell
Tidal Hydrodynamics Exchange Mangrove Arus laut di mulut muara sangat besar akibat keluar-masuk air ke mangrove Mengabaikan mangrove, hasil model akan tidak akurat
Akibat Reklamasi Mangrove Tidal Dynamics hilang -> Arus Mengecil Sedimentasi Pendangkalan Akhir alur pelayaran dikeruk -> Mahal
Sebelum Reklamasi, lakukan simulasi Hidrodinamka Laut, Kualitas Air, Sedimentasi, dan Perubahan Garis Pantai
MODEL 3D NON-ORTHOGONAL BOUNDARY FITTED
Model Feature
Semi-Implicit: Time Step is large, not limited by gravity wave speed. Sigma Stretching and Z-coordinate One Equation Turbulence Closure Model Density Induced Current Prognostic Simulation (density and current couple) Integrated into GIS Windows System
Non-Orthogonal Curvilinear Technique
Governing Equations in Spherical Coordinates
Governing Equations Boundary Fitted Coordinate
Model Testing in 3D Idealized Channel
Model Testing Storm Surge
Application of 3D Boundary Fitted Model by ASA Inc. (New York, Bay of Fundy, San Francisco Bay, Savannah River, etc.)
Publication
Dilakukan dengan Menggunakan Konsep Keliru
REKLAMASI JAKARTA
Dampak Giant Seawall Jakarta
Giant Water Pump
Power = Q x r x g x H ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Q = Water Discharge r = Water Density g = Gravity H = Head
H = 10 m (Elevation + Lost + Efficiency) Maximum Discharge (2 years Return Period) ~ 2500 m3/det Power = 245 MW
Operational Cost Giant Seawall Discharge Averages 200 m3/det Electric Price per KwH Rp 1400 Yearly Pump Electricity Cost Rp 241 Milyar (USD 24 Million) Water Treatment Cost per m3 Rp 1000 Total Cost Water Treatment per Year Rp 6 Triliun (USD 600 Million) Who will pay?.. 60 Thousand Residence in new reclamation area??
Water Quality in Giant Seawall Giant Seawall Jakarta is Closed System. Entrance for Tg Priok is not sufficient. Giant Seawall is not Palm Island Project.
Stagnant Water. Poor Water Quality. Mangrove will die. High Operational Cost
Reklamasi Teluk Jakarta Dilakukan dengan konsep yang salah Mengabaikan Sirkulasi Air Laut, Kualitas Air, dan Sedimentasi. Ongkos Operasi (Pompa dan Kualitas Air) sangat tinggi -> Jakarta Bangkrut Jika GSW dibangun, Jakarta terancam tenggelam. GSW bukan solusi untuk penurunan muka tanah (Land Subsidence) Jangan Menutup Teluk Jakarta
Land Subsidence in New Orleans Scientists have proposed several causes for subsidence in New Orleans. These causes range from Natural ones, such as settling of coastal sediments and movement of the Michoud fault Human ones such as draining wetlands, diverting sediment-bearing floodwaters from the Mississippi River, and pumping ground water. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=662 3
Kenapa Tidak?
Kesimpulan
Reklamasi dan Pengerukan Bisa Membahayakan Ekonomi Negara jika mengabaikan dampak perubahan sirkulasi arus laut. Jika dilakukan dengan konsep yang salah dan lokasi yang tidak tepat, bukan Lahan Baru yang diperoleh tapi Persoalan Baru. Sebelum Reklamasi atau Pengerukan, harus dilakukan simulasi Model Hidrodinamika Tiga Dimensi, Sedimen, Kualitas Air, dan Perubahan Garis Pantai Reklamasi dapat merubah aliran sungai dan menyebabkan banjir di dataran rendah Dampak Reklamasi daerah Mangrove sangat besar
