Presented at “The International Workshop on Multi-‐disciplinary Hazard Reduction from Earthquakes and Volcanoes in Indonesia.” October 27-‐29, 2011 Jakarta International Expo, Jakarta
Background 1. Indonesia has geographical, geological, hydrological, and demographic conditions in which disasters can take place due to nature or human factors. 2. Bantul is a regency in Indonesia which frequently experiences disasters like landslide, flood, drought, earthquake, and tsunami. 3. Disaster handling is the responsibility of both the government and the people. 4. Disaster handling involves the activities of prevention, mitigation, preparedness, and rescuing to reduce the negative effects.
Bantul Earthquake
The earthquake that took place on May 27, 2006 is a really meaningful chapter of Bantul history. On that day, everyone was panic, unprepared for the disaster, and sad due to the loss. It was very hard at the moment. We felt a big burden looking at the damage, the alive vicEms, and the dead.
Sta/s/cal Data about the number of the vicEms, damage, loss, and so on is only a minuscule part that can describe our misery. We believe that data cannot precisely reflect our real anguish.
Bantul Government saw three problems needing fast handling: 1. Drastically decreasing
quality of people’s lives (body, mind & soul); 2. Decreasing quality of public services; 3. Paralyzed economic activities of the people.
DISSASTER LOCATIONS IN BANTUL No
Type of Disaster
Location
1
Landslide
Piyungan, Imogiri, Dlingo, Pleret
2
Gale
Kasihan, Banguntapan, Srandakan, Pleret, Piyungan
3
Drought
Dlingo, Piyungan, Pajangan, Pleret, Imogiri
4
Flood
Kretek, Srandakan, Sanden
5
Earthquake
All parts of Bantul Regency
6
Tropical Storm/ High Tide
Kretek, Srandakan, Sanden
7
Tsunami
Kretek, Srandakan, Sanden
8
Fire
Banguntapan,Kasihan, Sewon
Implemented Principles & Approaches : a. Emphaty & solidarity:
balance between rights and responsibilities. The main principle: “NGUWONGKE” (Resp ectful). b. Participative, transparant, accountable, fair, efficient, and peaceful. c. Unity in diversity.
Implemented Principles & Approaches (conEnuaEon)
d. Javanesse culture teaches:
After the
earthquake, losing belongings is like losing nothing; Losing a relative is like losing half of your life; But losing self esteem is like losing everything.
What did we do a5er the earthquake? 4 phases of Postdisaster handling: 1. Emergency Phase 2. Rehabilitation and reconstruction phase 3. Reconciliation phase 4. “Bantul Recovery” Acceleration Phase
1.
PRIORITIZED HANDLING
(during emergency phase)
Rescuing and treating
the injured; Activating Emergency Task Force (SATLAK) Setting up posts for public services (Posko) Distributing supplies (Logistics, tents, etc) Providing temporary settlements/shelters
Improving aid
distribution channels Data taking of victims and damage (Media Center) Phsycological assistance Changing the local development programs to emergency programs in two weeks
Beberapa catatan: Ø In emergency situation,
everything was tackled using emergency mechanism; Ø Prioritizing moral values, togetherness, and cooperation (spirit of gotong royong); Ø Operating a solid task force (not only doing jobs), improving institutional capacity , and expanding partnership networks; Ø Assisting rehabilitation and reconstruction processes; Ø Setting up information posts
2. Rehabilita/on and Reconstruc/on phase: Validating data Repairing & rebuilding houses in
community basis Repairing public facilities Stimulating the spirit of the people: Bantul Bangkit Gumregah! (Bantul Wake Up) Activating the economic activities of the people Reducing people’s responsibilities
Excess of ReconstrucEon
The process of reconstruction, which uses community basis (POKMAS) and which is targeted to improve the solidarity quality, turned out to be dynamic, even causing conflicts. Though the disharmony only took place sparsely, it ought to be handled. W h y ? Togetherness is the main help
3.“ReconciliaEon” By reconciliation, a new togetherness was developed using the principles: ojo menange dewe, ojo benere dewe, ojo butuhe dewe. (do not be selfish, do not feel the most correct, do not only consider personal needs) All sesepuh & pinisepuh (wise leaders) becomes reference to rebuild togetherness.
4.AcceleraEon of Bantul Bangkit Six Program Priorities: 1. Improvement of man power quality 2. Reducing poverty and unemployment 3. Improvement of people’s health. 4. Improvement of agricultural production and
productivity 5. Improvement of handicrafts quality and marketing 6. Improvement of traditional markets
STEPS OF POST-‐EARTHQUAKE HANDLING:
Identifying all victims;
Rebuilding people’s houses , infrastructure, and public facilities
Stimulating people’s spirit to wake up (Bangkit Kembali), by providing tools to do community self-help (gotong royong)
Distributing ‘living cost’
Reactivating people’s economic activities, by harvesting together agricultural crops, giving equipments for productive economic activities, giving funds, providing Community development programs
Reducing people’s resposibilities by not taking taxes or retributions of settlement, building permit, identity card, local clinic services, and hospital class 3 services
Paradigm Changes in Preparing Future Agenda:
To be alert and implemented disaster management Teaching mitigation in all levels of education as
local content Making plans using the basis of Disaster Riski Reduction (Middle Term Development Plan of Bantul Regency and villages, Local Action Plan, Disaster-‐based Spatial Plan, Community Action Plan, Community Settlement Plan, Tough Village/Desa Tangguh, proposing programs based on disaster Risk Reduction to candidates of local leaders,
Anticipating Tsunami by means of:
dissemination/tsunami drill, building TEWS, determining safe locations, making evacuation routes, ordering coastal development, etc Bettering the construction of public facilities, especially in areas with serious disaster Empowering the community (local economic development) Expanding networks Participating in activities to reduce the effects of global warming.
FURTHER STEPS 1. Evaluation/Changes to the middle term development plan (RPJMD 2006-‐2010) and long term development plan (RPJPD 2006-‐2025), by referring to UU No. 24/2007 about Mitigation and UU No. 26/2007 about Spatial Planning 2. Post-‐disaster middle term development plan (RPJMD Pasca Gempa 2006-‐2010) was enacted for the period of 2008-‐2010 (Perda No. 25/2008) 3. Evaluation on Regional spatial Plan (RTRW Kabupaten) to be based on mitigation (2009)
4.Making Local Action Plan (RAD) of Disaster Risk Reduction (2009) 5. Making Spatial Plans for Subdistricts (RDTRK Kecamatan) with the basis of mitigation (2007, 2008, 2009) 6. Making Document of Settlement Plan (RPP), 26 villages by JRF (2008), replication of RPP by local government 21 villages (2009) and 28 villages (2010)
MITIGASI BENCANA DI KAWASAN LONGSOR
PETA RAWAN LONGSOR DI KAB. BANTUL
Hasil Kajian Dokumen RPP Tiga Desa Prioritas Utama Mitigasi Bencana Longsor 1. Desa Srimartani, Kec. Piyungan 2. Desa Wukirsari, Kec. Imogiri 3. Desa Wonolelo, Kec. Pleret
Desa Srimartani Isu Utama 1. Kekeringan (air bersih dan air untuk pertanian) 2. Tanah Longsor (Dusun Bulusari, Dusun Umbulsari) 3. Lokasi Relokasi (Dusun Petir) meruapakan tanah kas desa (2 Ha)
Peta MiEgasi Bencana Desa Srimartani 442000
443000
444000
445000
446000
447000
PETA MITIGASI BENCANA DESA SRIMARTANI
U 9136000
9136000
Desa Sumberharjo
Desa Jogotirto
(
KEMBANGSARI
MUNGGUR MANDUNGAN
& V
DARAMAN a we Kali G
WANUJOYO LOR
KWASEN
PETIR
' W
LEGENDA : {x
BULUSARI
' W
REJOSARI
Desa Ngoro-oro
Batas Dusun
K al i
MLOKO
Jalan
9134000
& V
Balai Desa Batas Desa
Jembatan
Ga we
WANOJOYO KIDUL
9134000
%
awe
PIYUNGAN
& V
SANANSARI
li G Ka
x{
9135000
9135000
MUTIHAN
MOJOSARI
Sungai Rencana Jalan Evakuasi Baru
UMBULSARI
POS PIYUNGAN
(
%
Desa Srimulyo
9133000
9133000
300
0
300
Tempat Evakuasi [Lapangan Bola]
'W
Rencana Tempat Evakuasi
& V
Tempat Evakuasi [yang sudah ada]
%
600 Meters
Rencana Dapur Umum
Rencana Jembatan Rawan Longsor Rencana Talud Sumber : Peta Digital Kabupaten Bantul Transek TIP dan Warga
442000
443000
444000
445000
446000
447000
Peta Rawan Longsor Desa Srimartani 442000
443000
444000
445000
446000
447000
PETA POTENSI BENCANA LONGSOR DESA SRIMARTANI
Lokasi Relokasi 9136000
9 136000
U Desa Sumberharjo
Desa Jogotirto MUTIHAN
Kal i G aw
KEMBANGSARI 9 135000
e
9135000
MUNGGUR
SANANSARI
MANDUNGAN
DARAMAN WANUJOYO LOR
BULUSARI KWASEN
PETIR
Desa Ngoro-oro
REJOSARI
Kal i Ga we
LEGENDA :
K
al i
PIYUNGAN
e Gaw
MLOKO 9134000
9 134000
WANOJOYO KIDUL
MOJOSARI
UMBULSARI
{x
Balai Desa Batas Dusun
POS PIYUNGAN
Jembatan Jalan
9133000
9 133000
Sungai
Desa Srimulyo
Batas Desa Rawan Longsor
0
1 km
0,5
Sumber : Peta Digital Kabupaten Bantul Transek TIP dan Warga 442000
443000
444000
445000
446000
447000
Desa Wukirsari Isu Utama 1. Tanah Longsor (Dusun Nogosari II, Dusun Karangasem) 2. Lokasi Relokasi (Dusun Cewokan luas 5,3 Ha dan Bulak Jangkang luas 7,8 Ha) merupakan tanah kas desa
Kondisi Dusun Usulan Relokasi Nogosari II Karangasem
Nogosari II
Gambaran Lokasi Relokasi Wukirsari
Cewokan
Bulak Jangkang
Desa Wonolelo Isu Utama 1.Tanah Longsor (Dusun Depok, Dusun Purworwjo) 2.Lokasi Relokasi (Dusun Bojong luas 1,25 Ha) merupakan tanah kas desa
Kondisi Dusun Usulan Relokasi
Depok
Depok
Gambaran Lokasi Relokasi Wonolelo
1. Dalam perencanaan pembangunan infrastruktur
hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah wilayah rawan bencana. 2. Pembangunan infrastruktur, khususnya rumah, yang terlalu berdempetan menyebabkan penghuninya kesulitan mencari tempat berlindung yang lapang ketika terjadi gempa bumi, kebakaran, dsb. 3. Adanya tanah yang lapang memudahkan masyarakat menyelamatkan diri dari ancaman bencana.
4. Perlunya pendataan atau penelitian potensi
bencana dan bagaimana cara efektif untuk meminimalisir bahaya. 5. Perlunya kejelasan spesifikasi teknis sekurangkurangnya mencakup teknik pondasi, kerangka, dinding, dan atap. Konstruksi rumah juga perlu disesuaikan dengan tekstur tanah. 6. Keberadaan pengawas yang dapat menjalankan peran sebagai ahli madya di bidang bangunan tahan gempa sangat dibutuhkan. 7. Perumahan yang berperspektif hak asasi manusia adalah perumahan yang nyaman dan terjangkau oleh semua orang, termasuk kaum perempuan, para penyandang cacat, dan anak-anak.
8. Perijinan pendirian bangunan (IMB) merupakan
sarana kontrol. Pemberian IMB mencakup kelengkapan administrasi dan pemenuhan standar konstruksi, standar keamanan, dan standar kelestarian lingkungan. 9. Semua pihak perlu menjamin ketersediaan bahan bangunan yang cukup dengan harga wajar, serta berbagai peralatan pembangunan rumah yang dibutuhkan. Bahan bangunan harus memenuhi standar keamanan terhadap bahaya gempa. 10. Sosialisasi tentang rumah tahan gempa harus d i l a k u k a n a g a r m e m b a w a k e b a i k a n b a g i masyarakat dan pemerintah. Pemahaman masyarakat terhadap aturan ini akan dapat mengurangi kerentanan masyarakat terhadap bahaya.
PELAJARAN YANG BISA DIPETIK Kita tak akan pernah tahu apa yg terjadi
di masa depan, maka langkah preventif lebih baik daripada kuratif. Jangan tunda apa yang bisa kita lakukan hari ini. Lakukan sebaik-baiknya.
Ungkapan jujur..tulus dan ikhlas “Bantul wajib BERTERIMA KASIH kepada semua pihak”
