PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXVII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2014/2015
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM HOTEL BUTIK BEKAS BANGUNAN KARESIDENAN BANYUMAS DI PURWOKERTO Tema Desain: Konservasi
Fokus Kajian: Perancangan Alih Fungsi Bangunan Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Disusun oleh: Arintiesta Saraswati NIM. 10.11.0055
Dosen Pembimbing: Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA NPP. 058. 1.1986.015
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA April 2015
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXVII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2014 / 2015 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang
Judul
: HOTEL BUTIK BEKAS BANGUNAN KARESIDENAN BANYUMAS DI PURWOKERTO
Tema Desain : Konservasi Fokus Kajian : Perancanga Alih Fungsi Bangunan Penyusun
: ARINTIESTA SARASWATI
NIM : 10.11.0055
Pembimbing : Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA Penguji
: Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT Dr. Ir. Sri Rejeki, MT. Ir. Supriyono, MT.
Semarang, April 2015 Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan
Dekan
Ketua
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Program Studi Arstektur
Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT NIDN 611086201
Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT NIDN 625116302
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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXVII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2014 / 2015 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang
Judul
: HOTEL BUTIK BEKAS BANGUNAN KARESIDENAN BANYUMAS DI PURWOKERTO
Tema Desain : Konservasi Fokus Kajian : Perancanga Alih Fungsi Bangunan Penyusun
: ARINTIESTA SARASWATI
NIM : 10.11.0055
Pembimbing : Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA Penguji
: Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT Dr. Ir. Sri Rejeki, MT. Ir. Supriyono, MT. Semarang, April 2015 Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan Pembimbing
Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA NIDN 601035401
Penguji
Penguji
Penguji
Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT NIDN. 0627066701
Dr. Ir. Sri Rejeki, MT. NIDN.628126101
Ir. Supriyono, MT. NIDN.615025701
iii
SURAT PERNYATAAN Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya :
Nama
: ARINTIESTA SARASWATI
NIM
: 10.11.0055
Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode Semester Genap TA. 2014 / 2015 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul
:
HOTEL
BUTIK
BEKAS
BANGUNAN
KARESIDENAN
BANYUMAS DI PURWOKERTO Tema Desain
: Konservasi
Fokus Kajian
: Perancangan Alih Fungsi Bangunan
Pembimbing
: Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA.
NIDN
: 601035401
Adalah bukan karya plagiasi. Bila dikemudian hari diketemukan tindak plagiasi dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan di atas siap menerima segala konsekuensinya. Semarang, Penulis
ARINTIESTA SARASWATI NIM : 10.11.0055
iv
PRAKATA Puji dan Syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas berkat dan karuniaNya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) periode 67 yang berjudul “Hotel Butik bekas Bangunan Karesidenan Banyumas di Purwokerto” ini dengan baik. Dalam penulisan LTP ini, penulis mendapatkan banyak bimbingan, dukungan dan bantuan sehingga LTP ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada : 1. Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT. selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Unika Soegijapranata 2. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT. selaku Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Unika Soegijapranata 3. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT selaku koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur periode 67 4. Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA selaku Dosen pembimbing yang membimbing, mengarahkan
dan
memberi
masukan
kepada
penulis
dalam
proses
perancangan Proyek Akhir Arsitektur ini 5. Tim dosen review yang telah memberikan masukan, kritik dan saran yang membangun kepada penulis dalam proses perancangan Proyek Akhir Arsitektur ini 6. Orang tua dan keluarga yang telah memberi dukungan moral dan material 7. Teman-teman yang telah memberikan dukungan dalam proses penyusunan Proyek Akhir Arsitektur periode 67 8. Serta semua pihak yang telah membantu yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu per satu
v
Penulis memohon maaf karena dalam penulisan LTP ini, penulis menyadari masih
terdapat
kekurangan
dalam
penyusunan,
oleh
sebab
itu
penulis
mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun demi masa depan. Semoga LTP yang berjudul “Hotel Butik bekas Bangunan Karesidenan Banyumas di Purwokerto” ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi pada pembacanya.
Penulis
vi
DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL................................................................................................i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN......................................................................................ii PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS............................................................................iii PRAKATA............................................................................................................v DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................vii DAFTAR GAMBAR................................................................................................ix DAFTAR TABEL...................................................................................................xiv DAFTAR DIAGRAM / BAGAN.................................................................................xvi BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang Projek .......................................................................... 1 1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ......................................................... 3 1.2.1. Tujuan ............................................................................................ 3 1.2.2. Sasaran ............................................................................................ 3 1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................................. 3 1.4. Metoda Pembahasan ............................................................................. 4 1.5. Sistematika Pembahasan ......................................................................... 5 1.5.1. BAB I Pendahuluan ......................................................................... 5 1.5.2. BAB II Tinjauan Projek ................................................................... 6 1.5.3. BAB III Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur .............................. 6 1.5.4. BAB IV Program Arsitektur ............................................................. 6 1.5.5. BAB V Kajian Teori ......................................................................... 6 BAB II TINJAUAN PROYEK 2.1. Tinjauan umum 2.1.1. Gambaran umum........................................................................7 2.1.2. Latar belakang – perkembangan – tren....................................16 2.1.3. Potensi....................................................................................19 2.1.4. Sasaran yang akan dicapai.....................................................20 2.2. Tinjauan khusus 2.2.1. Terminologi..........................................................................20 2.2.2. Pembagian Ruang.....................................................................26 2.2.3. Infrastruktur hotel......................................................................28 2.2.4. Spesifikasi dan persyaratan desain...........................................40 2.2.5. Deskripsi konteks kota...........................................................43 2.2.6. Kajian terhadap proyek sejenis..............................................49 2.2.7. Permasalahan desain.............................................................54 2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan.....................................................55 BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR vii
3.1. Analisa Skenario Redesain dan Alih Fungsi.............................................58 3.1.1. Skenario Makro.....................................................................58 3.1.2. Skenario Mikro......................................................................61 3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur 3.2.1. Studi Aktivitas .......................................................................61 3.2.2. Studi Fasilitas........................................................................73 3.2.3. Studi Ruang Khusus................................................................75 3.2.4. Studi Besaran Ruang .............................................................71 3.2.5. Studi Citra Arsitektural...........................................................84 3.3. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan 3.3.1. Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure.........................................85 3.3.2. Studi Sistem Utilitas...............................................................86 3.3.3. Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi...................................................96 3.4. Analisa Konteks lingkungan 3.4.1. Aspek Amenitas Alami.............................................................97 3.4.2. Aspek Amenitas Buatan.........................................................98 BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR 4.1. Konsep program 4.1.1. Aspek Citra............................................................................103 4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi..........................................................................103 4.1.3. Performance Arsitektural.........................................................103 4.1.4. Aspek Ramah Lingkungan......................................................104 4.2. Tujuan perancangan, faktor penentu perancangan, faktor persyaratan perancangan 4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan (Design Objective) ...............................104 4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan (Design Determinant) .............105 4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan (Design Requitment) .......105 4.3. Program arsitektur 4.3.1. Program kegiatan....................................................................106 4.3.2. Program Sistem Struktur.........................................................107 4.3.3. Program Sistem Pencahayaan...............................................108 4.3.4. Program Sistem Utilitas...........................................................108 4.3.5. Sistem Teknologi.....................................................................109 4.4. Program Lokasi dan Tapak.....................................................................109 BAB V KAJIAN TEORI 5.1. Kajian teori penekanan/tema desain 5.1.1. Uraian interpretasi dan elaborasi teori Tema Desain..............111 5.1.2. Studi Preseden........................................................................123 5.1.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Penekanan Desain...............125 5.2. Kajian teori permasalahan dominan 5.2.1. Uraian interpretasi dan elaborasi teori Tema Desain..............126 5.2.2. Studi Preseden........................................................................130 5.2.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Penekanan Desain...............130 DAFTAR PUSTAKA..............................................................................................132 LAMPIRAN.............................................................................................................134 viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gb. 2.1. Peta Kota Purwokerto .............................................................................8 Gb. 2.2. Siteplan Bangunan Karesidenan Banyumas .............................................9 Gb. 2.3. Bangunan Karesidenan Banyumas ..........................................................9 Gb. 2.4. Bangunan Aula Serbaguna ........................................................................9 Gb. 2.5. Garasi Bangunan Inti.................................................................................9 Gb. 2.6. Bangunan Garasi Pemadam Kebakaran.....................................................9 Gb. 2.7. Lapangan Tenis........................................................................................9 Gb. 2.8. Bangunan Karesidenan Banyumas.............................................................10 Gb. 2.9. Halaman depan Bangunan Karesidenan Banyumas...................................10 Gb. 2.10. Panel Listrik..........................................................................................11 Gb. 2.11. Genset.................................................................................................11 Gb. 2.12. Ruang Tamu Bangunan Karesidenan.....................................................12 Gb. 2.13. Tangga Bangunan Inti Karesidenan......................................................12 Gb. 2.14. Ruang Makan.......................................................................................12 Gb. 2.15. Lorong Belakang Bangunan.................................................................12 Gb. 2.16. Halaman Belakang...............................................................................12 Gb. 2.17. Lorong Bagian dalam Bangunan...........................................................13 Gb. 2.18. Jendela dan Pintu Ruang Makan ke Halaman Belakang........................13 Gb. 2.19. Kamar Mandi..........................................................................................13 Gb. 2.20. Ruang Pertemuan...............................................................................13 Gb. 2.21. Ruang Kantor Karesidenan..................................................................13 Gb. 2.22. Kamar Utama.........................................................................................13 Gb. 2.23. Teras Bangunan Karesidenan..................................................................13 Gb. 2.24. Saluran Drainase Halaman Depan........................................................13 Gb. 2.25. Saluran Drainase Halaman Belakang....................................................13 Gb. 2.26. Saluran Drainase Garasi.........................................................................13 Gb. 2.27. Lantai Teras Samping...........................................................................14 Gb. 2.28. Lantai Bagian dalam Bangunan...............................................................14 ix
Gb. 2.29. Atap Bangunan Karesidenan.................................................................14 Gb. 2.30. Kolom Bangunan Karesidenan..............................................................14 Gb. 2.31. Lantai Bangunan Aula...........................................................................14 Gb. 2.32. Kamar Standart.....................................................................................33 Gb. 2.33. Kamar Superior.....................................................................................34 Gb. 2.34. Kamar Deluxe.......................................................................................34 Gb. 2.35. Kamar Junior Suite....................................................................................35 Gb. 2.36. Kamar Suite...........................................................................................36 Gb. 2.37. Kamar Presidential Suite........................................................................37 Gb. 2.38. Peta Banyumas....................................................................................43 Gb. 2.39. Peta Kota Purwokerto...........................................................................44 Gb. 2.40. Peta Hotel di Kota Purwokerto............................................................46 Gb. 2.41. Tampak Depan Hotel Kresna Wonosobo..............................................50 Gb. 2.42. Lobby Hotel Kresna Wonosobo............................................................51 Gb. 2.43. Interior Kamar dan Hall Hotel Kresna Wonosobo.....................................51 Gb. 2.44. Kolam Renang Hotel Kresna Wonosobo...............................................51 Gb. 2.45. Tampak Depan Hotel The Hermitage Jakarta........................................52 Gb. 2.46. Lobby Hotel The Hermitage Jakarta..........................................................53 Gb. 2.47. Kamar Suite Hotel The Hermitage Jakarta...............................................54 Gb. 2.48. Rooftop Hotel The Hermitage Jakarta.......................................................54 Gb. 2.49. Kolam Renang Hotel The Hermitage Jakarta............................................54
Gb. 3.1. Peta Kota Purwokerto.............................................................................58 Gb. 3.2. Calung Banyumasan...............................................................................59 Gb. 3.3. Tari Tengger Banyumasan..........................................................................59 Gb. 3.4. Wayang Kulit Gragag Banyumasan............................................................59 Gb. 3.5. Kentongan Banyumasan.............................................................................59 Gb. 3.6. Ebeg Banyumasan...................................................................................59 Gb. 3.7. Batik Banyumasan...................................................................................59 x
Gb. 3.8. Mendoan.................................................................................................59 Gb. 3.9. Kripik Tempe.........................................................................................59 Gb. 3.10. Getuk Goreng......................................................................................59 Gb. 3.11. Soto Sokaraja......................................................................................59 Gb. 3.12. Nopia.....................................................................................................59 Gb. 3.13. Kirab Pusaka Banyumasan........................................................................60 Gb. 3.14. Grebeg Suran......................................................................................60 Gb. 3.15. Prosesi Jaro Rojab...............................................................................60 Gb. 3.16. Peta Wisata Kabupaten Banyumas...........................................................60 Gb. 3.17. Peta Skenario Bangunan Karesidenan Banyumas................................61 Gb. 3.18. Denah Lobby Hotel.............................................................................76 Gb. 3.19. Peta Udara Bangunan Karesidenan Banyumas.......................................77 Gb. 3.20. Denah Lantai Dasar Bangunan Inti Karesidenan Banyumas.....................81 Gb. 3.21. Denah Lantai Satu Bangunan Inti Karesidenan Banyumas.....................81 Gb. 3.22. Denah Lantai Dasar Garasi Karesidenan Banyumas.............................82 Gb. 3.23. Potongan Garasi Karesidenan Banyumas...............................................82 Gb. 3.24. Exhaust Fan.........................................................................................87 Gb. 3.25. Dehumidifier............................................................................................88 Gb. 3.26. AC sentral............................................................................................88 Gb. 3.27. Lampu Tempel Plafond.............................................................................89 Gb. 3.28. Lampu Gantung....................................................................................89 Gb. 3.29. Lampu Tempel Dinding.............................................................................90 Gb. 3.30. Lampu Lantai.............................................................................................90 Gb. 3.31. Lampu Meja.........................................................................................90 Gb. 3.32. Lampu Sorot...........................................................................................91 Gb. 3.33. Lampu Downlight.................................................................................91 Gb. 3.34. Smoke Detector.......................................................................................93 Gb. 3.35. Sprinkle Water......................................................................................94 Gb. 3.36. Fire Exhausthing.....................................................................................94 xi
Gb. 3.37. CCTV......................................................................................................95 Gb. 3.38. Tangga.................................................................................................95 Gb. 3.39. Ramp...................................................................................................95 Gb. 3.40. Sistem Dehumidifier..............................................................................96 Gb. 3.41. Skema Rain Harvesthing..........................................................................96 Gb. 3.42. Situasi Bangunan Karesidenan............................................................97 Gb. 3.43. Pompa Air.............................................................................................98 Gb. 3.44. Sumur Bangunan Karesidenan..................................................................98 Gb. 3.45. Halaman Belakang Bangunan Karesidenan Banyumas............................98 Gb. 3.46. Halaman Belakang Bangunan Karesidenan Banyumas............................99 Gb. 3.47. Jendela Bangunan Karesidenan Banyumas..........................................99 Gb. 3.48. Plafon Teras Bangunan Karesidenan Banyumas.................................100 Gb. 3.49. Plafon Bangunan Karesidenan Banyumas..........................................100
Gb. 4.1. Situasi Bangunan Karesidenan..................................................................107 Gb. 4.2. Peta Lokasi Bangunan Karesidenan.......................................................110
Gb. 5.1. Interior Lawang Sewu...........................................................................124 Gb. 5.2. Plafond Lawang Sewu.........................................................................124 Gb. 5.3. Atap Lawang Sewu..............................................................................124 Gb. 5.4. Ruang Pertemuan Hotel Kresna...........................................................125 Gb. 5.5. Lorong Hotel Kresna..............................................................................125 Gb. 5.6. Kolam Renang Hotel Kresna................................................................125 Gb. 5.7. Tampak Belakang Hotel Kresna................................................................125 Gb. 5.8. Interior Kamar Hotel Kresna......................................................................125 Gb. 5.9. Lobby Hotel Kresna..............................................................................125 Gb. 5.10. Roof Top Hotel The Hermitage Jakarta..............................................130 Gb. 5.11. Interior Kamar Hotel The Hermitage Jakarta.......................................130 Gb. 5.12. Lantai Hotel The Hermitage Jakarta...................................................130 xii
Gb. 5.13. Toilet Hotel The Hermitage Jakarta....................................................130 Gb. 5.14. Lobby Hotel The Hermitage Jakarta......................................................130
xiii
DAFTAR TABEL Tbl. 2.1. Klasifikasi Hotel ..........................................................................................25 Tbl. 2.2. Tabel perbedaan hotel butik dan hotel lain ................................................26 Tbl. 2.3. Tabel Aktivitas Pengguna Hotel .................................................................28 Tbl. 2.4. Tabel Pelaku dalam Hotel Butik .................................................................39 Tbl. 2.5. Tabel Kecamatan ........................................................................................45
Tbl. 3.1. Tabel Aktivitas Pengunjung Hotel .............................................................62 Tbl. 3.2. Tabel Aktivitas Pengelola Hotel .................................................................63 Tbl. 3.3. Tabel Data Pengunjung Hotel Kresna Wonosobo ......................................67 Tbl. 3.4. Tabel Bobot Jumlah Pengunjung dalam Setahun ......................................68 Tbl. 3.5. Tabel Asumsi Jumlah Pengunjung dalam Setahun ....................................69 Tbl. 3.6. Tabel Bobot Jumlah Pengelola .................................................................69 Tbl. 3.7. Tabel Kebutuhan Ruang .............................................................................73 Tbl. 3.8. Tabel Luas Bangunan Eksisting ................................................................76 Tbl. 3.9. Tabel Luas Bangunan Eksisting ................................................................77 Tbl. 3.10. Tabel Besaran Ruang Area Utama ..........................................................78 Tbl. 3.11. Tabel Besaran Ruang Area Penunjang ..................................................79 Tbl. 3.12. Tabel Besaran Ruang Area Pengelola ....................................................79 Tbl. 3.13. Tabel Besaran Ruang Area Servis ..........................................................80 Tbl. 3.14. Tabel Besaran Ruang Kebutuhan Ruang ...............................................80 Tbl. 3.15. Tabel Analisa Alih Fungsi ........................................................................83 Tbl. 3.16. Tabel Besaran Luas Parkir Pengelola ......................................................84 Tbl. 3.17. Tabel Besaran Luas Parkir Pengunjung ...................................................84 Tbl. 3.18. Tabel Besaran Luas Lahan Parkir.............................................................84 Tbl. 3.19. Tabel Sistem Pembuangan Sampah.........................................................94
Tbl. 4.1. Tabel Luas Bangunan Eksisting................................................................106 Tbl. 4.2. Tabel Besaran Luas Kebutuhan Ruang.....................................................106 xiv
Tbl. 4.3. Tabel Besaran Luas Lahan Parkir.............................................................106 Tbl. 4.4. Tabel Sistem Pencahayaan.......................................................................108 Tbl. 4.5. Tabel Sistem Utilitas..................................................................................108 Tbl. 4.5. Tabel Sistem Teknologi.............................................................................109
xv
DAFTAR DIAGRAM Dgrm. 2.1. Diagram Organisasi Ruang pada Hotel ................................................28 Dgrm. 2.2. Diagram Struktur Organisasi Hotel ........................................................39
Dgrm. 3.1. Alur Kegiatan Tamu Hotel .......................................................................71 Dgrm. 3.2. Alur Kegiatan Pengunjung Fasilitas Umum Hotel ................................71 Dgrm. 3.3. Alur Kegiatan Pengunjung Ruang Pertemuan ........................................72 Dgrm. 3.4. Alur Kegiatan Pengelola Utama ..............................................................72 Dgrm. 3.5. Alur Kegiatan Pengelola Bagian Penunjang............................................73 Dgrm. 3.6. Alur Kegiatan Bagian Servis....................................................................73 Dgrm. 3.7. Hubungan Ruang.....................................................................................75 Dgrm. 3.8. Sistem Up Feed.......................................................................................92 Dgrm. 3.9. Sistem Down Feed...................................................................................92 Dgrm. 3.10. Sistem Grey Water.................................................................................92 Dgrm. 3.11. Sistem Black Water................................................................................93 Dgrm. 3.12. Saluran Listrik Kota................................................................................93 Dgrm. 3.13. Saluran Listrik Genset............................................................................93
Dgrm. 5.1. Diagram Pelestarian menurut Prof. Dr. Mundardjito..............................121 Dgrm. 5.2. Diagram Pemikiran Penentuan Permasalahan Dominan......................129
xvi
