PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXVII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2014 / 2015
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM HOTEL RESORT DI DIENG TEMA DESAIN “ARSITEKTUR KONTEKSTUAL”
MASALAH DOMINAN “ARSITEKTUR YANG MERESPON IKLIM TROPIS DINGIN” Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagai persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Arsitektur Disusun oleh : TIAR KAMAJAYA (10.11.0086) Dosen Pembimbing : Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT NIDN : 0629056402
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA April 2015
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Proyek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXVII Semester Genap, 2014/2015 Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang
Judul
: Hotel Resort di Dieng
Tema Desain
: Arsitektur Kontekstual
Fokus Kajian
: Arsitektur yang merespon iklim tropis dingin
Penyusun
: Tiar Kamajaya
NIM
: 10.11.0086
Pembimbing
: Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT
Penguji
: - Ir. Eddy Prawoto , MT - Dr.Ir. Krisprantono, MA - Ir. IM. Tri Hesti M, MT
Semarang,
April 2015
Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan
Dekan,
Ketua,
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Program Studi Arsitektur
Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT
Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT
NIDN 0611086201
NIDN 0625116302 ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Proyek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXVII Semester Genap, 2014/2015 Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang
Judul
: Hotel Resort di Dieng
Tema Desain
: Arsitektur Kontekstual
Fokus Kajian
: Arsitektur yang merespon iklim tropis dingin
Penyusun
: Tiar Kamajaya
NIM
: 10.11.0086
Pembimbing
: Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT
Semarang,
April 2015
Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan Pembimbing,
Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT NIDN 0629056402 Penguji,
Penguji,
Penguji,
Ir.Eddy Prawoto, MT
Dr. Ir. Krisprantono, MA
Ir. IM. Tri Hesti M, MT
NIDN 0024105601
NIDN 0616085701
NIDN 0611086201
iii
SURAT PERNYATAAN
Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini saya :
Nama
: Tiar Kamajaya
NIM
: 10.11.0086
Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Proyek Akhir Arsitektur periode semester genap TA, 2014/2015 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.
Judul
: Hotel Resort di Dieng.
Tema Desain
: Arsitektur Kontekstual
Fokus Kajian
: Arsitektur yang merespon iklim tropis dingin
Pembimbing
: Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT
NIDN
: 0629056402
Adalah bukan karya plagiasi, bila dikemudian hari ditemukan tindak plagiasi dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan diatas siap menerima segala konsekuennya.
Semarang,
April 2015
Penulis,
Tiar Kamajaya NIM 10.11.0086
iv
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat , Taufik
serta
hidayahnya
dalam diberikannya
kelancaran dalam
menyelesaikan proposal ini dengan baik tanpa suatu halangan dan rintangan. Penyusunan Proposal ini dibuat untuk memenuhi syarat untuk Sidang Preview Proyek Akhir Arsitektur Periode /PAA LXVII , Semester Genap Tahun 2014/2015. Penulis juga tidak lupa mengucapkan terima kasih kepada : 1.
Ir.Riandy Tarigan, M.T selaku Dosen pembimbing dan Dosen Koordiinator PAA periode 67.
2.
Tim Dosen Penguji yang telah memberikan masukan masukan yang baik dalam penyusunan PAA 67 ini.
3.
Keluarga tim Penyusun yang selalu memberikan semangat ,dukungan serta doa doa demi kelancaran PAA 67 ini.
4.
Kang Rosa, Kang Andre dan Teman teman seperjuangan PAA 67.
5.
Mbak Adinda Sonia tercinta.
6.
Dan pihak pihak lain yang telah membantu atas tersusunnya proposal PAA 67 ini. Semoga proposal ini dapat memberikan manfaat lebih bagi
kemajuan Kawasan Dieng dan juga bermanfaat dalam dunia pendidikan
v
arsitektur. Untuk itu penulis mohon untuk saran dan kritiknya agar makalah ini menjadi sempurna. Terima kasih.
Semarang, April 2015
Penulis
vi
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul ..................................................................................................... i Lembar Pengesahan Dekan dan Ketua .............................................................. ii Lembar Pengesahan Pembimbing dan Penguji ................................................. iii Surat Pernyataan ............................................................................................... iv Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................... v Daftar Isi ............................................................................................................ vii Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................... x Daftar Skema ..................................................................................................xviii Daftar Tabel ....................................................................................................xviii Daftar Diagram ................................................................................................. xix
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................................1 1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek ................................................................................1 1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ..............................................................3 1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan..................................................................................4 1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ..................................................................................5 1.5 Metoda Pemrograman ................................................................................8 1.6 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur .................................................................8 1.7 Sistematika Pembahasan............................................................................9
BAB II TINJAUAN PROYEK ............................................................................11 2.1 Tinjauan Umum .........................................................................................11 2.1.1 Gambaran Umum ...........................................................................11 2.1.2 Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend ......................................14 2.1.3 Sasaran yang akan dicapai ............................................................19 2.2 Tinjauan Khusus .......................................................................................22 2.2.1 Terminologi .....................................................................................22 2.2.2 Kegiatan .........................................................................................25 2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ...............................................29 2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Desa/Kota .........................................................31 vii
2.2.5 Studi Banding/Komparasi Kasus Proyek Sejenis ...........................38 2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain ....................................................................49 2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ........................................................48 2.3.1 Kesimpulan .....................................................................................49 2.3.2 Batasan ..........................................................................................50 2.3.3 Anggapan .......................................................................................50
BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ........................52 3.1
Analisa PendekatanArsitektur ..................................................................52 3.1.1 Studi Aktifitas .................................................................................52 3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas.................................................................................63
3.2
Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ....................................................79 3.2.1 Studi sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ..............................................79 3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .....................................................................100 3.2.3 Sistem pemanfaatan teknologi .....................................................116
3.3
Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ..................................................................118
BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ................................................................146 4.1 Konsep Program .....................................................................................146 4.1.1
Citra Arsitektural .........................................................................146
4.1.2
Aspek Fungsi ..............................................................................146
4.1.3
Aspek Teknologi ........................................................................146
4.1.4
Aspek Lingkungan ......................................................................146
4.2 Tujuan, Penentu Perancangan, Persyaratan Perancangan ....................147 4.2.1
Tujuan Perancangan ..................................................................147
4.2.2
Faktor Penentu Perancangan ....................................................148
4.2.3
Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ...............................................149
4.3 Program Arsitektur ..................................................................................154 4.3.1
Program Kegiatan .......................................................................154
4.3.2
Program Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure .....................................160
4.3.3
Program Sistem Utilitas ..............................................................167
4.3.4
Sistem pemanfaatan teknologi ....................................................181 viii
4.3.5
Program Lokasi dan Tapak .........................................................183
BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ...................................................................................191 5.1
5.2
Kajian Teori Tema Desain ......................................................................191 5.1.1
Elaborasi dan kajian teori ............................................................191
5.1.2
Studi Preseden ...........................................................................198
5.1.3
Kemungkinan Implementasi ........................................................205
Teori permasalahan dominan .................................................................207 5.2.1
Elaborasi dan kajian teori ............................................................207
5.2.2
Studi Preseden ...........................................................................221
5.2.3
Kemungkinan Implementasi ........................................................225
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................227
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Dieng Culture Festival ....................................................14 Gambar 2.2 Dieng Culture Festival ....................................................14 Gambar 2.3 Dieng Culture Festival ....................................................14 Gambar 2.4 Dieng Culture Festival ....................................................14 Gambar 2.5 Dieng Culture Festival ....................................................14 Gambar 2.6 Dieng Culture Festival ....................................................14 Gambar 2.7 Dieng Culture Festival ....................................................14 Gambar 2.8 Dieng Culture Festival ....................................................14 Gambar 2.9 Dieng Culture Festival ....................................................14 Gambar 2.10 Hotel Kresna.................................................................16 Gambar 2.11 Hotel Surya Asia ...........................................................17 Gambar 2.12 Hotel Kledung Pass ......................................................17 Gambar 2.13 Hotel Gunung Mas .......................................................17 Gambar 2.14 Hotel Asri ......................................................................17 Gambar 2.15 Peta Orientasi Wonosobo.............................................33 Gambar 2.16 Peta Administrasi .........................................................33 Gambar 2.17 Peta Kawasan Dieng ....................................................33 Gambar 2.18 Peta Kecamatan Kejajar ...............................................33 Gambar 2.19 Peta Kawasan Dieng Wetan.........................................33 Gambar 2.20 Lahan Pertanian Kentang .............................................36 Gambar 2.21 Batu ratapan .................................................................36 Gambar 2.22 Site Area.......................................................................36 Gambar 2.23 Kondisi Jalan ................................................................36 Gambar 2.24 Tuk Bimolukar ..............................................................36 Gambar 2.25 pemukiman penduduk ..................................................37 Gambar 2.26 Persampahan ..............................................................37 Gambar 2.27 Pemandangan Pegunungan .........................................37 Gambar 2.28 Sistem Drainase ...........................................................37 Gambar 2.29 Lapangan Olahraga ......................................................37 Gambar 2.30 Fasilitas Pendidikan .....................................................37 Gambar 2.31 Fasilitas Peribadatan ....................................................37 x
Gambar 2.32 Toko dan tempat makan ...............................................37 Gambar 2.33 Homestay .....................................................................38 Gambar 2.34 Kios ..............................................................................38 Gambar 2.35 Pom bensin ..................................................................38 Gambar 2.36 Ilustrasi suasana .........................................................38 Gambar 2.37 Lutung kasarung ...........................................................39 Gambar 2.38 Lutung kasarung ...........................................................39 Gambar 2.39 Tempat parkir ...............................................................39 Gambar 2.40 Papan nama ................................................................39 Gambar 2.41 Cafe Burangrang ..........................................................39 Gambar 2.42 Gambar siteplan Dusun Bambu ...................................40 Gambar 2.43 Kampung Layung .........................................................41 Gambar 2.44 Saung Purbasari ...........................................................41 Gambar 2.45 Sampan Sangkuriang ...................................................41 Gambar 2.46 Lutung Kasarung ..........................................................41 Gambar 2.47 Lutung Kasarung ..........................................................41 Gambar 2.48 Cafe Burangrang dan pasar Khatulistiwa .....................42 Gambar 2.49 Balad Lodaya ...............................................................42 Gambar 2.50 Arimbi Garden ..............................................................43 Gambar 2.51 Tegal Pangulinan .........................................................43 Gambar 2.52 Eagle Camp..................................................................43 Gambar 2.53 Entrance .......................................................................44 Gambar 2.54 Kapel Malam ................................................................44 Gambar 2.55 Kapel Sore....................................................................44 Gambar 2.56 Wedding Party ..............................................................44 Gambar 2.57 Ruang Pesta.................................................................44 Gambar 2.58 Interior Kapel ................................................................44 Gambar 2.59 Landscape taman .........................................................44 Gambar 2.60 Spa ..............................................................................45 Gambar 2.61 Interior bedroom ...........................................................45 Gambar 2.62 Jaccuzi .........................................................................45 Gambar 2.63 Tanaman rambat .........................................................45 Gambar 2.64 Tangga zigzag ..............................................................45 xi
Gambar 2.65 Pendopo /gazebo .........................................................45 Gambar 2.66 Fitness centre ...............................................................46 Gambar 2.67 Mini zoo ........................................................................46 Gambar 2.68 Kidsplay ........................................................................46 Gambar 2.69 Swimming pool .............................................................46 Gambar 2.70 Situasi Amanjiwo ..........................................................46 Gambar 2.71 Entrance .......................................................................47 Gambar 2.72 Restaurant ....................................................................47 Gambar 2.73 Walkway view ...............................................................47 Gambar 2.74 Swimming Pools ...........................................................47 Gambar 2.75 Dalem Jiwo ...................................................................47 Gambar 2.76 Suite Bales ...................................................................47 Gambar 3.1 Kondisi Lerengan Dieng Wetan ......................................79 Gambar 3.2 Rumah split level dan Sengkedan ..................................80 Gambar 3.3 Pondasi umpak...............................................................80 Gambar 3.4 Detail sambungan ..........................................................81 Gambar 3.5 Buis beton ......................................................................81 Gambar 3.6 Contoh variasi pabrikan ..................................................81 Gambar 3.7 Hubungan tiang, balok dan telapak ................................82 Gambar 3.8 Pondasi setempat dari beton ..........................................82 Gambar 3.9 Pondasi tiang..................................................................83 Gambar 3.10 Contoh sambungan ......................................................83 Gambar 3.11 Contoh sambungan ......................................................83 Gambar 3.12 Pondasi batu kali .........................................................84 Gambar 3.13 Pondasi Footplat .........................................................84 Gambar 3.14 Jenis reteaning wall .....................................................85 Gambar 3.15 Plat lantai kayu ............................................................86 Gambar 3.16 Plat lantai komposit baja..............................................86 Gambar 3.18 Kolom kayu ..................................................................87 Gambar 3.19 Kolom bambu ..............................................................87 Gambar 3.20 Balok kayu ...................................................................88 Gambar 3.21 Balok bambu ...............................................................88 Gambar 3.22 Struktur dinding ...........................................................88 xii
Gambar 3.23 Dinding kayu ................................................................89 Gambar 3.24 Dinding bambu ............................................................89 Gambar 3.25 Dinding batu alam .......................................................90 Gambar 3.26 Dinding batu bata ........................................................90 Gambar 3.27 Bentuk bentuk atap .....................................................91 Gambar 3.28 Atap kuda kuda kayu ...................................................92 Gambar 3.29 Struktur atap bambu ....................................................92 Gambar 3.30 Kuda kuda sistem rangka ............................................92 Gambar 3.31 Sambungan bambu .....................................................92 Gambar 3.32 Parket ..........................................................................94 Gambar 3.33 Papan kayu .................................................................94 Gambar 3.34 Keramik .......................................................................94 Gambar 3.35 Lantai karpet................................................................95 Gambar 3.36 Grassblock ..................................................................95 Gambar 3.37 Batu alam ....................................................................95 Gambar 3.38 Dinding papan kayu .....................................................96 Gambar 3.39 Dinding bambu ............................................................96 Gambar 3.40 Kaca tempered glass ...................................................96 Gambar 3.41 Dinding anyaman bambu.............................................97 Gambar 3.42 Dinding batu bata ........................................................97 Gambar 3.43 Dinding beton ..............................................................97 Gambar 3.44 Genteng.......................................................................98 Gambar 3.45 Atap rumbia .................................................................98 Gambar 3.46 Atap sirap kayu ............................................................98 Gambar 3.47 Atap sirap bambu ........................................................99 Gambar 3.48 Atap rumbia ................................................................99 Gambar 3.49 Skylight .......................................................................104 Gambar 3.50 Penggunaan jendela ..................................................104 Gambar 3.51 Contoh jenis lampu .....................................................106 Gambar 3.52 Sistem cross ventilation ..............................................110 Gambar 3.53 Sistem cross ventilation ...............................................110 Gambar 3.54 Contoh penghawaan ...................................................111 Gambar 3.55 Tungku penghangat ....................................................111 xiii
Gambar 3.56 Pos satpam .................................................................112 Gambar 3.57 Fire extinghuser ...........................................................114 Gambar 3.58 Sprinkle system ...........................................................114 Gambar 3.59 Hydrant box .................................................................114 Gambar 3.60 Hydrant pilar ................................................................115 Gambar 3.61 Penangkal petir ...........................................................115 Gambar 3.62 Heating water ..............................................................116 Gambar 3.63 Cctv .............................................................................116 Gambar 3.64 Rain harvesting ...........................................................117 Gambar 3.65 Peta Orientasi Kabupaten Wonosobo .........................118 Gambar 3.66 Peta Administrasi Kabupaten Wonosobo ....................121 Gambar 3.67 Peta Kecamatan Kejajar ..............................................121 Gambar 3.68 Peta satelit Dieng ........................................................124 Gambar 3.69 Peta wisata Dieng .......................................................125 Gambar 3.70 Telaga Merdada ..........................................................125 Gambar 3.71 Kawah Sikidang ...........................................................125 Gambar 3.72 Candi Arjuna................................................................125 Gambar 3.73 Air terjun Sikarim .........................................................125 Gambar 3.74 Tuk Bimolukar .............................................................125 Gambar 3.75 Gardu Pandang Tieng .................................................125 Gambar 3.76 Telaga Warna Dieng ...................................................125 Gambar 3.77 DPT .............................................................................125 Gambar 3.78 Telaga Cebong ............................................................125 Gambar 3.79 Gerbang masuk Dieng.................................................125 Gambar 3.80 Kebudayaan Dieng ......................................................128 Gambar 3.81 Kebudayaan Dieng ......................................................128 Gambar 3.82 Kebudayaan Dieng ......................................................128 Gambar 3.83 Kebudayaan Dieng ......................................................128 Gambar 3.84 Kebudayaan Dieng ......................................................128 Gambar 3.85 Kebudayaan Dieng ......................................................128 Gambar 3.86 Kebudayaan Dieng ......................................................128 Gambar 3.87 Kebudayaan Dieng ......................................................128 Gambar 3.88 Kebudayaan Dieng ......................................................128 xiv
Gambar 3.89 Peta Satelit Lokasi Tapak ............................................132 Gambar 3.90 Posisi Site ...................................................................133 Gambar 3.91 Site A ...........................................................................133 Gambar 3.92 Site B ...........................................................................133 Gambar 3.93 Embun Upas ................................................................134 Gambar 3.94 Tuk Bimolukar .............................................................135 Gambar 3.95 Saluran PDAM .............................................................135 Gambar 3.96 Vegetasi di Site ...........................................................136 Gambar 3.97 Vegetasi di Site ...........................................................136 Gambar 3.98 Vegetasi di Site ...........................................................136 Gambar 3.99 Vegetasi di Site ...........................................................136 Gambar 3.100 Vegetasi di Site .........................................................136 Gambar 3.101 Vegetasi di Site .........................................................136 Gambar 3.102 Vegetasi di Site .........................................................136 Gambar 3.103 Vegetasi di Site .........................................................136 Gambar 3.104 Vegetasi di Site .........................................................136 Gambar 3.105 Vegetasi di Site .........................................................136 Gambar 3.106 Jalan Kolektor Primer ................................................139 Gambar 3.107 PT Geodypa Energy ..................................................139 Gambar 3.108 Sal Listrik ...................................................................139 Gambar 3.109 TPA ...........................................................................140 Gambar 3.110 Pom Bensin ...............................................................140 Gambar 3.111 Sistem drainase .........................................................140 Gambar 3.112 Gunung Prau .............................................................144 Gambar 3.113 Jalan Sekunder .........................................................144 Gambar 3.114 Telaga Warna ............................................................144 Gambar 3.115 DPT ...........................................................................144 Gambar 3.116 Gunung Dieng ...........................................................144 Gambar 3.117 Taman Bunga Hortensia............................................144 Gambar 3.118 Jalan Primer ..............................................................144 Gambar 3.119 Kebun Carica .............................................................144 Gambar 3.120 Hutan Wisata .............................................................144
xv
Gambar 4.1 Skylight .........................................................................171 Gambar 4.2 Penggunaan Jendela ...................................................171 Gambar 4.3 Contoh Jenis lampu ......................................................172 Gambar 4.4 Sistem cross ventilation ................................................176 Gambar 4.5 Sistem cross ventilation .................................................176 Gambar 4.6 Tungku Penghangat ......................................................177 Gambar 4.7 Pos Satpam ...................................................................177 Gambar 4.8 Fire Extunghuser ...........................................................179 Gambar 4.9 Sprinkle sistem ..............................................................180 Gambar 4.10 hydrant box..................................................................180 Gambar 4.11 Hydrant pillar ...............................................................180 Gambar 4.12 Penangkal Petir ...........................................................181 Gambar 4.13 Heating Water .............................................................181 Gambar 4.14 Cctv .............................................................................182 Gambar 4.15 Rain Harvesting ...........................................................182 Gambar 4.16 Peta Orientasi Wonosobo............................................183 Gambar 4.17 Peta Administrasi Wonosobo ......................................184 Gambar 4.18 Peta Kecamatan Kejajar ..............................................184 Gambar 4.19 Peta Orientasi Dieng Wetan ........................................186 Gambar 4.20 Gunung Prau ...............................................................188 Gambar 4.21 Jalan sekunder ............................................................188 Gambar 4.22 DPT .............................................................................188 Gambar 4.23 Telaga Warna ..............................................................188 Gambar 4.24 Gunung Dieng .............................................................188 Gambar 4.25 Taman Bunga Hortensia..............................................188 Gambar 4.26 Jalan Primer ................................................................188 Gambar 4.27 Kebun Carica ...............................................................188 Gambar 4.28 Hutan Wisata ...............................................................188 Gambar 5.1 Hukum Kedekatan ..........................................................195 Gambar 5.2 Hukum Kesamaan ..........................................................196 Gambar 5.3 Hukum Kontinuitas .........................................................196 Gambar 5.4 Hukum Ketertutupan ......................................................197 Gambar 5.5 Hukum pragnanz ............................................................197 xvi
Gambar 5.6 Hukum figure ground ......................................................198 Gambar 5.7 Soekarno Memorial Park ................................................198 Gambar 5.8 Axis ................................................................................199 Gambar 5.9 Interior ............................................................................200 Gambar 5.10 Koridor ..........................................................................200 Gambar 5.11 Eksterior .......................................................................200 Gambar 5.12 Penggunaan batu lokal setempat .................................200 Gambar 5.13 Lighting .........................................................................200 Gambar 5.14 Ruang Publik ................................................................201 Gambar 5.15 Permainan Celah ..........................................................201 Gambar 5.16 Tampak samping ..........................................................202 Gambar 5.17 Tangga .........................................................................202 Gambar 5.18 Denah Amanjiwo ..........................................................203 Gambar 5.19 Candi Borobudur ..........................................................203 Gambar 5.20 Panah ...........................................................................203 Gambar 5.21 Situasi Amanjiwo ..........................................................204 Gambar 5.22 Kolam Renang ..............................................................204 Gambar 5.23 Tampak samping Amanjiwo .........................................204 Gambar 5.24 Ampitheatre ..................................................................204 Gambar 5.25 Kerapatan Bangunan ...................................................213 Gambar 5.26 The Stupa Courtyard ....................................................221 Gambar 5.27 The Stupa Courtyard ....................................................222 Gambar 5.28 The Stupa Courtyard ....................................................222 Gambar 5.29 The Stupa Courtyard ....................................................222 Gambar 5.30 The Stupa Courtyard ....................................................223 Gambar 5.31 The Stupa Courtyard ....................................................223 Gambar 5.32 The Stupa Courtyard ....................................................223 Gambar 5.33 Rumah Finlandia .........................................................224 Gambar 5.34 Iklan Perusahaan Kontruksi Finlandia .........................224 Gambar 5.35 Interior Kayu dalam ruangan .......................................225
xvii
DAFTAR SKEMA Skema 2.1 Skema permasalahan .....................................................7 Skema 2.2 Pelaku dalam Resort ......................................................27 Skema 3.1 Struktur organisasi .........................................................53 Skema 3.2 Pola Kegiatan Pengunjung .............................................59 Skema 3.3 Pola Kegiatan Pengunjung umum ..................................60 Skema 3.4 Pola Kegiatan Pengelola ................................................60 Skema 3.5 Pola Kegiatan service .....................................................61 Skema 3.6 Pola Organisasi Ruang ..................................................62 Skema 3.7 Skema air bersih ............................................................100 Skema 3.8 Sistem air kotor ..............................................................102 Skema 3.9 Sistem air kotor ..............................................................102 Skema 3.10 Sistem air hujan ...........................................................103 Skema 3.11 Sistem jaringan listrik ....................................................104 Skema 3.12 Sistem pembuangan sampah........................................112 Skema 3.13 Sistem jaringan komunikasi...........................................113 Skema 4.1 Skema air bersih .............................................................167 Skema 4.2 Sistem air kotor ...............................................................168 Skema 4.3 Sistem air kotor ...............................................................169 Skema 4.4 Sistem air hujan ..............................................................169 Skema 4.5 Sistem jaringan listrik ......................................................170 Skema 4.6 Sistem pembuangan sampah..........................................177 Skema 4.7 Sistem jaringan komunikasi.............................................177
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1.1 Tabel Data Primer .............................................................6 Tabel 1.2 Tabel Data Sekunder ........................................................7 Tabel 2.1 Beda Resort dengan hotel .................................................11 Tabel 2.2 Klasifikasi Hotel Berbintang ...............................................13 Tabel 2.3 Perbandingan fasilitas Hotel ..............................................17 Tabel 2.4 Perkembangan sarana dan Prasarana ..............................18 Tabel 2.5 Perkembangan jumlah pengunjung ...................................18 xviii
Tabel 2.6 Data Objek Pariwisata .......................................................19 Tabel 2.7 Tabel kegiatan dan fasilitas Hotel......................................28 Tabel 2.8 Tabel perbandingan proyek ...............................................28 Tabel 3.1 Jadwal kegiatan.................................................................54 Tabel 3.2 Pengelompokan ,pelaku, pola,sifat kegiatan .....................54 Tabel 3.3 Tabel Kategori Kegiatan ....................................................58 Tabel 3.4 Studi Besaran Ruang ........................................................63 Tabel 3.5 Perhitungan Ruang Khusus...............................................71 Tabel 3.5 Jumlah pengunjung Pariwisata .........................................71 Tabel 3.6 Perhitungan Jumlah Pengguna .........................................73 Tabel 3.7 Middle struktur ...................................................................90 Tabel 3.8 Upper struktur....................................................................93 Tabel 3.9 Sistem enclosure ...............................................................99 Tabel 3.10 Asumsi kebutuhan air ......................................................101 Tabel 3.11 Jenis lampu dan penggunaan .........................................105 Tabel 3.12 Penggunaan pencahayaan..............................................106 Tabel 3.13 Tingkat pencahayaan ......................................................106 Tabel 3.14 Penilaian tapak ................................................................143 Tabel 4.1 Tabel Pengelompokan Ruang ..........................................158 Tabel 4.2 Asumsi Kebutuhan Air ......................................................167 Tabel 4.3 Jenis lampu dan penggunaan ..........................................172 Tabel 4.4 Asumsi Kebutuhan Listrik .................................................175 Tabel 5.1 Tabel daya penyerapan kayu ...........................................217 Tabel 5.2 Tabel perbedaan waktu ....................................................218 Tabel 5.3 Tabel daya penyerapan batu ............................................218 Tabel 5.4 Tabel perbedaan waktu ....................................................219 Tabel 5.5 Tabel penyerapan bahan bangunan lain ..........................220
DAFTAR DIAGRAM Diagram 2.1 Diagram data Kuosioner ...............................................15 Diagram 3.1 Diagram presentase penggunaan lahan .......................119
xix
