PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015/2016
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM TEMPAT PENITIPAN ANAK DAN PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI DI SEMARANG Tema Desain Arsitektur Perilaku
Fokus Kajian Keselamatan dan Keamanan Desain Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Disusun oleh : Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari 12.11.0013
Dosen Pembimbing : Ir.Supriyono, MT NIDN : 0615025701
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG April, 2016 i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015 / 2016 PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
Judul
: Tempat Penitipan Anak dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Semarang
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Perilaku Fokus Kajian : Keselamatan dan Keamanan Desain Penyusun
: Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari - 12.11.0013
Pembimbing
: Ir. Supriyono, MT
NIDN
: 0612066201
Semarang, 22 April 2016 Mengetahui dan mengesahkan,
Dekan,
Ketua,
Koordinator
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Program Studi Arsitektur
PAA ‘69
Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA., Ph.D NIDN. 0626076501
Dr. Ir. Krisprantono Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT NIDN. 0616085701 NIDN. 0625116302 ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015 / 2016 PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
Judul
: Tempat Penitipan Anak dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Semarang
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Perilaku Fokus Kajian : Keselamatan dan Keamanan Desain Penyusun
: Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari - 12.11.0013
Pembimbing
: Ir. Supriyono, MT
Penguji
: Prof. Dr-Ing. LMF. Purwanto Ir. AMS. Darmawan, M-Bldg Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT
Semarang, 22 April 2016 Mengetahui dan mengesahkan, Pembimbing,
Ir. Supriyono, MT NIDN. 0615025701 Penguji,
Penguji,
Penguji,
Prof. Dr-Ing. LMF. Purwanto Ir. AMS. Darmawan, M-Bldg Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT NIDN. 0006085001 NIDN. 0602066801 NIDN. 0611086201 iii
SURAT PERNYATAAN Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini saya : Nama
: Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari
NIM
: 12.11.0013
Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXIX Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2015 / 2016 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang. Judul
: Tempat Penitipan Anak dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Semarang
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Perilaku Fokus Kajian : Keselamatan dan Keamanan Desain Pembimbing
: Ir. Supriyono, MT
NIDN
: 0612066201
Adalah bukan karya plagiasi. Bila dikemudian hari diketemukan tindak plagiasi dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan di atas siap menerima segala konsekuensinya.
Semarang, 22 April 2016 Penulis,
Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari iv
PRAKATA Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur LXIX yang berjudul “Tempat Penitipan Anak dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Semarang” tepat pada waktunya. Dalam penyusunan karya tulis ini, penulis mengalami berbagai kesulitan dan hambatan,
namun
berkat
dorongan
dari
berbagai
pihak,
penulis
dapat
menyelesaikan makalah ini. Oleh karena itu, perkenankanlah penulis mengucap terima kasih kepada : 1. Bapak Ir. Supriyono, MT yang telah menjadi pembimbing dalam Proyek Akhir Arsitektur LXIX dan memberi kesempatan kepada penulis untuk dapat menggali ilmu dan mengembangkan pengetahuan. 2. Ibu F. Nugraheni, S.Pd selaku Kepala Sekolah KB/TK PL Xaverius Semarang yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan survey di KB/TK PL Xaverius, JL. Dr. Cipto no 91, Semarang. 3. Ibu Munadhiroh selaku Kepala Sekolah Day Care, PG, dan TK Permata Ceria Bangsa Semarang yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan survey di Day Care, PG, dan TK Permata Ceria Bangsa. 4. Ibu Nurul selaku staff terapis di Mom’me and Baby SPA Semarang yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan survey di Mom’me and Baby SPA. 5. Ibu Krisna selaku Kepala Pimpinan Klub Merby Semarang yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan survey di Klub Merby.
v
6. Ibu Eridani Sukmawati, AMd. dan Ibu Yulianti Astriningrum, Psi. selaku pengajar di Merby Day Care yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan survey di Merby Day Care. 7. Ibu Dr. Dr. Asri Purwanti Sp. A (K), M.Pd. selaku dokter di Klinik Anak Semarang yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan survey di Klinik Anak. 8. Orang tua dan keluarga penulis yang senantiasa memberikan dukungan baik secara moral maupun material kepada penulis sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur LXIX ini. 9. Teman dan sahabat penulis yang selalu memberikan bantuan dalam pencarian data serta penyusunan format makalah ini.
Penulis berharap makalah ini dapat berguna bagi semua pihak serta dapat menambah pengetahuan bagi pembaca dan penulis sendiri. Kesempurnaan adalah hal yang sangat sulit dicapai, oleh karena itu, penulis menyadari bahwa masih banyak kesalahan yang penulis lakukan dalam pembuatan makalah ini. Penulis mohon maaf apabila ada kata-kata yang kurang berkenan di hati pembaca.
Semarang, 22 April 2016 Penulis,
Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari
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DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................................................... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .......................................................................................................... iii SURAT PERNYATAAN..................................................................................................................iv PRAKATA ........................................................................................................................................ v DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................................................vii DAFTAR GAMBAR......................................................................................................................... xi DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................................................... xvii DAFTAR DIAGRAM ...................................................................................................................... xx BAB I ................................................................................................................................................ 1 PENDAHULUAN............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ..................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Tujuan............................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.2 Sasaran Pembahasan................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan .......................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ........................................................................................................... 7 1.4.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data .......................................................................................... 7 1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa .............................................................................. 10 1.4.3 Metoda Pemrograman ................................................................................................ 11 1.4.4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur................................................................................. 12 1.4.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ........................................................................................... 14 BAB II............................................................................................................................................. 16 TINJAUAN PROYEK .................................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Tinjauan Umum .................................................................................................................. 16 2.1.1 Latar Belakang, Perkembangan, Tren....................................................................... 16 vii
2.1.2 Sasaran yang Akan Dicapai ....................................................................................... 18 2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ................................................................................................................. 18 2.2.1 Terminologi .................................................................................................................. 18 2.2.2 Kegiatan ....................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain .......................................................................... 43 2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota ............................................................................................... 46 2.2.5 Studi Proyek Sejenis ................................................................................................... 50 2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan .............................................................................. 73 2.2.3 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................. 73 2.3.2 Batasan ........................................................................................................................ 74 2.3.3 Anggapan ..................................................................................................................... 74 BAB III............................................................................................................................................ 76 ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .............................................................. 76 3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur .......................................................................................... 76 3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas .............................................................................................................. 76 3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas............................................................................................................... 95 3.1.3 Studi Ruang Khusus.................................................................................................. 101 3.1.4 Studi Besaran Ruang ................................................................................................ 124 3.1.5 Studi Citra Arsitektural .............................................................................................. 132 3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan .......................................................................... 132 3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ....................................................................... 132 3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................................................. 145 3.2.4 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi .................................................................................. 157 3.3Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan ....................................................................... 162 3.3.1 Analisa pemilihan Lokasi .......................................................................................... 162 3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak .......................................................................................... 167 BAB IV ......................................................................................................................................... 172 viii
PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR......................................................................................................... 172 4.1 Konsep Program............................................................................................................... 172 4.1.1 Aspek Citra Arsitektural ............................................................................................ 172 4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi ............................................................................................................. 172 4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi ........................................................................................................ 174 4.2 Tujuan Perancangan ........................................................................................................ 174 4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ................................................................................................. 174 4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan .................................................................................. 174 4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ............................................................................ 175 4.3 Program Arsitektur............................................................................................................ 179 4.3.1 Program Kegiatan...................................................................................................... 179 4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur........................................................................................... 180 4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas ............................................................................................ 182 4.3.4 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ...................................................................................... 183 BAB V .......................................................................................................................................... 185 KAJIAN TEORI ........................................................................................................................... 185 5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan / Tema Desain ......................................................................... 185 5.1.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Tema Desain..................................................... 185 5.1.2 Studi Preseden / Empiris / Studi Literatur ............................................................... 189 5.1.3 Penerapan Teori Tema Desain ................................................................................ 192 5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ............................................................................. 195 5.2.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan......................... 195 5.2.2 Studi Preseden / Empiris / Studi Literatur ............................................................... 197 5.2.3 Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan .............................................................. 199 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................... 202 DAFTAR WAWANCARA............................................................................................................ 204 DAFTAR INTERNET .................................................................................................................. 205 ix
LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................................................. 206
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1 : Lingkungan Yang Mempengaruhi Perkembangan Anak ......................... 1 Gambar 2 : Orang Tua Sibuk Dan Anak Terabaikan .................................................. 2 Gambar 3 : Kolom Bersiku Tajam .............................................................................. 3 Gambar 4 : Meja Anak ............................................................................................. 37 Gambar 5 : Kursi Anak ............................................................................................. 37 Gambar 6 : Box Bayi ................................................................................................ 37 Gambar 7 : Kasur Anak ............................................................................................ 38 Gambar 8 : Changing Table ..................................................................................... 38 Gambar 9 : Sofa Ruang Laktasi ............................................................................... 38 Gambar 10 : Kereta Bayi Auto-Brake ....................................................................... 38 Gambar 11 : Kereta Bayi Bounce............................................................................. 39 Gambar 12 : Peralatan Bermain Anak...................................................................... 39 Gambar 13 : Kolam Anak ......................................................................................... 40 Gambar 14 : Timbangan Badan ............................................................................... 40 Gambar 15 : Alat Ukur Tinggi Badan........................................................................ 40 Gambar 16 : Suntik Imunisasi .................................................................................. 40 Gambar 17 : Nebulizer ............................................................................................. 41 Gambar 18 : Oksigen ............................................................................................... 41 Gambar 19 : Oksigen ............................................................................................... 41 Gambar 20 : Fingerprint ........................................................................................... 42 Gambar 21 : Fingerprint ........................................................................................... 42 Gambar 22 : Router Fiber Optic ............................................................................... 42 Gambar 23 : Letak Kota Semarang .......................................................................... 46 Gambar 24 : Kecamatan Kota Semarang ................................................................ 47 Gambar 25 : KB/TK PL Xaverius, Semarang ........................................................... 51 xi
Gambar 26 : Type Ruang Kelas ............................................................................... 52 Gambar 27 : Ruang Kegiatan................................................................................... 52 Gambar 28 : Ruang UKS ......................................................................................... 53 Gambar 29 : Dimensi Perabot .................................................................................. 53 Gambar 30 : Wastafel Di Dekat Kamar Mandi ......................................................... 54 Gambar 31 : Suasana Kamar Mandi ........................................................................ 54 Gambar 32 : Lapangan Bermain KB/TK PL Xaverius............................................... 54 Gambar 33 : Ruang Receptionist ............................................................................. 57 Gambar 34 : Toko Perlengkapan Momme And Baby SPA ....................................... 58 Gambar 35 : Ruang Spa Anak ................................................................................. 58 Gambar 36 : Ruang Pijat .......................................................................................... 59 Gambar 37 : Salon Anak-Anak ................................................................................. 59 Gambar 38 : Ruang Vokal ........................................................................................ 60 Gambar 39: Ruang Melukis...................................................................................... 61 Gambar 40 : Ruang Menggambar ............................................................................ 61 Gambar 41 : Ruang Tari........................................................................................... 61 Gambar 42 : Ruang Musik Keyboard Dan Piano ..................................................... 62 Gambar 43 : Ruang Musik Biola Dan Gitar .............................................................. 62 Gambar 44 : Ruang Gamelan .................................................................................. 62 Gambar 45 : Ruang Kelas Aksara ............................................................................ 62 Gambar 46 : Ruang Sport, Art, Dan Photography .................................................... 63 Gambar 47 : Ruang Kios Merby ............................................................................... 63 Gambar 48 : Ruang Kedai........................................................................................ 64 Gambar 49 : Ruang Art Shop ................................................................................... 64 Gambar 50 : Kantor Pengelola ................................................................................. 64 Gambar 51 : Ruang Perpustakaan ........................................................................... 65 xii
Gambar 52 : Ruang Kelas Kecil ............................................................................... 66 Gambar 53 : Ruang Kelas Besar.............................................................................. 67 Gambar 54 : Ruang Kepala Sekolah Dan Guru ....................................................... 67 Gambar 55 : Ruang Tunggu..................................................................................... 68 Gambar 56 : Ruang Bermain Outdoor...................................................................... 68 Gambar 57 : Ruang Tidur Anak ............................................................................... 69 Gambar 58 : Ruang Makan ...................................................................................... 69 Gambar 59 : Ruang Serbaguna ............................................................................... 70 Gambar 60 : Ruang Kamar Mandi............................................................................ 70 Gambar 61 : Ruang Tunggu Klinik ........................................................................... 71 Gambar 62 : Ruang Praktek..................................................................................... 72 Gambar 63 : Ruang Tindakan 2 ............................................................................... 72 Gambar 64 : Ruang Tindakan 1 ............................................................................... 72 Gambar 65 : Ruang Obat ......................................................................................... 73 Gambar 66 : Studi Sofa Laktasi ............................................................................. 103 Gambar 67 : Layout Ruang Laktasi........................................................................ 103 Gambar 68 : Layout Ruang Makan Day Care ........................................................ 105 Gambar 69 : Layout Ketinggian Ruang Makan Day Care ...................................... 105 Gambar 70 : Studi Perabot Kamar Mandi Anak ..................................................... 106 Gambar 71 : Layout Kamar Mandi Anak ................................................................ 107 Gambar 72 : Studi Perabot Kamar Mandi Anak ..................................................... 107 Gambar 73 : Layout Toilet Anak ............................................................................ 108 Gambar 74 : Layout R. Bermain Indoor.................................................................. 110 Gambar 75 : Layout R. Bermain Outdoor ............................................................... 112 Gambar 76 : Tipe Penataan Perabot Dalam Kelas ................................................ 114 Gambar 77 : Layout R. Kelas Anak ........................................................................ 114 xiii
Gambar 78 : Layout R. Kelas Lasy Dan Menggambar ........................................... 114 Gambar 79 : Layout Ketinggian R. Kelas Lasy Dan Menggambar ......................... 115 Gambar 80 : Layout R. Kelas Komputer Anak ....................................................... 116 Gambar 81 : Layout R. Baby SPA .......................................................................... 118 Gambar 82 : Layout Klinik Anak ............................................................................. 121 Gambar 83 : Dimensi Anak Menari Dan Modeling ................................................. 122 Gambar 84 : Struktur Rangka ................................................................................ 133 Gambar 85 : Pondasi Cakar Ayam ......................................................................... 134 Gambar 86 : Pondasi Batu Kali .............................................................................. 134 Gambar 87 : WPC .................................................................................................. 136 Gambar 88 : Parquet Dari Kayu Solid .................................................................... 137 Gambar 89 : WPC .................................................................................................. 137 Gambar 90 : Gerflor Taraflex ................................................................................. 138 Gambar 91 : Rubber Paving ................................................................................... 138 Gambar 92: Keramik .............................................................................................. 138 Gambar 93 : Paving ............................................................................................... 139 Gambar 94 : Lantai Batu Alam ............................................................................... 139 Gambar 95 : Wall Padding ..................................................................................... 141 Gambar 96 : Parquet Dari Kayu Solid .................................................................... 142 Gambar 97 : Rangka Plafon Hollow ....................................................................... 143 Gambar 98 : Lapisan Roof Garden ........................................................................ 145 Gambar 99 : Penerapan Pencahayaan Alami ........................................................ 145 Gambar 100 : Penerapan Pencahayaan Alami ...................................................... 146 Gambar 101 : Lampu Pijar ..................................................................................... 148 Gambar 102 : Lampu TL ........................................................................................ 148 Gambar 103 : Lampu LED ..................................................................................... 149 xiv
Gambar 104 : Lampu Halogen .............................................................................. 149 Gambar 105 : Lampu Pada Taman ........................................................................ 149 Gambar 106 : Penghawaan Alami Dalam Ruang................................................... 151 Gambar 107 : Penangkal Petir Elektrostatis........................................................... 152 Gambar 108 : Sumur Resapan .............................................................................. 154 Gambar 109 : Isometri Sumur Resapan ................................................................. 154 Gambar 110 : Biopori ............................................................................................. 155 Gambar 111 : Standar Kemiringan Ramp .............................................................. 156 Gambar 112 : Tangga Kantor................................................................................. 157 Gambar 113 : Tangga Day Care Brussles ............................................................. 157 Gambar 114 : Alarm Kebakaran, Smoke Detector (Detector Asap), Dan Sprinkle . 157 Gambar 115 : APAR............................................................................................... 158 Gambar 116 : APAR............................................................................................... 158 Gambar 117 : CCTV Dan CCTV Monitor ............................................................... 159 Gambar 118 : Sistem Operasi CCTV ..................................................................... 159 Gambar 119 : Speaker ........................................................................................... 159 Gambar 120 : Sistem Operasi Solar Panel ............................................................ 160 Gambar 121 : Sistem Operasi Solar Panel Water Heater ...................................... 161 Gambar 122 : Peta Kawasan Tembalang .............................................................. 163 Gambar 123 : Peta Kawasan Mijen ........................................................................ 164 Gambar 124 : Master Plan BSB City ...................................................................... 167 Gambar 125 : Lokasi Sekitar Tapak Jl. Karonsih Timur VII .................................... 168 Gambar 126 : Lokasi Sekitar Tapak Jl. Perkebunan Pesantren ............................. 170 Gambar 127 : Lingkungan Sekitar Tapak Terpilih .................................................. 184 Gambar 128 : Arsitek Sebagai Penghubung Antara Lingkungan Dengan Perilaku 185 Gambar 129 : Eksterior Bangunan Fuji Kindergarten ............................................. 190 xv
Gambar 130 : Interior Kelas Fuji Kindergarten ....................................................... 190 Gambar 131 : Perabot Pada Kelas Fuji Kindergarten ............................................ 191 Gambar 132 : Lantai 2 (Roof Top) Fuji Kindergarten ............................................. 191 Gambar 133 : Suasana Roof Top........................................................................... 192 Gambar 134: Dekorasi Ruang Kelas ...................................................................... 192 Gambar 135 : Perabot Kamar Mandi Anak ............................................................ 193 Gambar 136 : Desain Meja Dan Kursi Anak........................................................... 193 Gambar 137 : Wastafel Anak ................................................................................. 193 Gambar 138 : Anak Cinta Lingkungan ................................................................... 194 Gambar 139 : Permainan Bagi Aspek Motorik, Kognitif, Sosial, Dan Emosi Anak . 194 Gambar 140 : Kidea Preschool Dan Kindergarten Kelapa Gading......................... 197 Gambar 141 : Ruang Kelas Kidea.......................................................................... 198 Gambar 142 : Area Bermain Indoor Kidea ............................................................. 198 Gambar 143 : Letak Jendela Kidea ........................................................................ 198 Gambar 144 : CCTV Pada Kidea ........................................................................... 198 Gambar 145 : Ruang Bermain Jiyugouka .............................................................. 199 Gambar 146 : Ruang Makan Jiyugouka ................................................................. 199 Gambar 147 : Penutup Stop Kontak....................................................................... 201 Gambar 148 : Bumper Pintu ................................................................................... 201 Gambar 149 : Penggunaan Railling Vertical .......................................................... 201
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1 : Standar Fisik Anak .................................................................................... 20 Tabel 2 : Indikator Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak .............................................. 22 Tabel 3 : Kelompok Fasilitas Pelayanan .................................................................. 31 Tabel 4 : Kelompok Fasilitas Edukasi....................................................................... 32 Tabel 5 : Kelompok Fasilitas Pendukung ................................................................. 33 Tabel 6 : Kelompok Fasilitas Penunjang .................................................................. 34 Tabel 7 : Kelompok Fasilitas Pengelola ................................................................... 34 Tabel 8 : Kelompok Fasilitas Servis ......................................................................... 35 Tabel 9 : Kelompok Fasilitas Servis ......................................................................... 37 Tabel 10 : Luas Kecamatan Semarang .................................................................... 48 Tabel 11 : Zona Kemiringan Topografi Kota Semarang ........................................... 49 Tabel 12 : Standar Kelerengan ................................................................................ 49 Tabel 13 : Jadwal TPA Permata Ceria Bangsa ........................................................ 56 Tabel 14 : Jadwal Tempat Penitipan Anak Merby Day Care .................................... 70 Tabel 15 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Pelayanan ........................................ 76 Tabel 16 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Edukasi ............................................ 77 Tabel 17 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Pendukung ....................................... 78 Tabel 18 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Penunjang........................................ 79 Tabel 19 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Pengelola ......................................... 80 Tabel 20 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Service ............................................. 81 Tabel 21 : Jadwal Kelompok Bermain ..................................................................... 91 Tabel 22 : Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku .................................................................... 92 Tabel 23 : Total Pelaku ........................................................................................... 94 Tabel 24 : Kebutuhan Ruang .................................................................................. 95 Tabel 25 : Sumber Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................... 101 xvii
Tabel 26 : Sumber Studi Sirkulasi .......................................................................... 101 Tabel 27 : SRK R. Laktasi ...................................................................................... 103 Tabel 28 : Tinggi Anak Usia 2-6 Tahun .................................................................. 104 Tabel 29 : SRK R. Makan Day Care....................................................................... 104 Tabel 30 : SRK R. Jemur Badan ............................................................................ 106 Tabel 31 : SRK Kamar Mandi Anak........................................................................ 107 Tabel 32 : SRK Toilet Anak .................................................................................... 108 Tabel 33 : SRK R. Bermain Anak Indoor ................................................................ 110 Tabel 34 : SRK R. Bermain Anak Outdoor ............................................................. 111 Tabel 35 : SRK R. Kelas Anak ............................................................................... 113 Tabel 36 : SRK R. Kelas Komputer Anak ............................................................... 115 Tabel 37 : SRK R. Pijat Baby SPA ......................................................................... 117 Tabel 38 : SRK R. Praktek Klinik ............................................................................ 119 Tabel 39 : SRK R. Tindakan ................................................................................... 119 Tabel 40 : SRK R. Obat.......................................................................................... 120 Tabel 41 : SRK R. Obat.......................................................................................... 122 Tabel 42 : SRK R. Obat.......................................................................................... 124 Tabel 43 : Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................................ 124 Tabel 44 : Rekapan Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................. 130 Tabel 45 : Pelaku Pengguna Lahan Parkir ............................................................. 131 Tabel 46 : Studi Ruang Lahan Parkir ..................................................................... 131 Tabel 47 : Studi Ruang Outdoor............................................................................. 132 Tabel 48 : Penggunaan Material Penutup Lantai ................................................... 136 Tabel 49 : Penggunaan Material Dinding Yang Aman............................................ 141 Tabel 50 : Pengelompokan Kebutuhan Cahaya ..................................................... 150 Tabel 51 : Kebutuhan Pencahayaan Pada TPA Dan PAUD .................................. 150 xviii
Tabel 52 : Potensi Dan Kelemahan Daerah Sambiroto .......................................... 164 Tabel 53 : Potensi Dan Kelemahan Daerah BSB ................................................... 165 Tabel 54 : Penilaian Lokasi .................................................................................... 165 Tabel 55 : Pemilihan Lokasi Tapak ........................................................................ 171 Tabel 56 :Studi Ruang Indoor ................................................................................ 179 Tabel 57 : Studi Ruang Lahan Parkir ..................................................................... 179 Tabel 58 : Data Fuji Kindergarten........................................................................... 189 Tabel 59 : Arti Warna ............................................................................................. 194
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM Diagram 1 : Metoda Pengumpulan Data .................................................................... 7 Diagram 2 : Diagram Pengumpulan Data................................................................... 8 Diagram 3 : Tinjauan Proyek Sejenis ......................................................................... 9 Diagram 4 : Metoda Penyusunan Dan Analisa......................................................... 10 Diagram 5 : Metoda Pemrograman .......................................................................... 11 Diagram 6 : Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ........................................................... 12 Diagram 7 : Ukuran Tubuh Anak .............................................................................. 19 Diagram 8 : Susunan Organisasi Tpa Dan Paud ..................................................... 36 Diagram 9: Luas Kecamatan Semarang .................................................................. 48 Diagram 10 : Urutan Terapi Baby Spa ..................................................................... 57 Diagram 11 : Organisasi Kepengurusan Klub Merby ............................................... 60 Diagram 12 : Organisasi Kepengurusan Merby Day Care ....................................... 65 Diagram 13 : Aktivitas Klinik Anak ............................................................................ 71 Diagram 14 : Alur Kegiatan Anak-Anak 3 Bulan – 3 Tahun...................................... 82 Diagram 15 : Alur Kegiatan Anak-Anak 3 Tahun – 4 Tahun..................................... 83 Diagram 16 : Alur Kegiatan Anak-Anak 4 Tahun – 6 Tahun..................................... 83 Diagram 17 : Alur Kegiatan Orang Tua / Pengantar................................................. 84 Diagram 18 : Alur Kegiatan Ahi Gizi ......................................................................... 84 Diagram 19 : Alur Kegiatan Kepala Sekolah Dan Guru............................................ 85 Diagram 20 : Alur Kegiatan Pengajar Pengembangan Bakat................................... 85 Diagram 21 : Alur Kegiatan Terapis ......................................................................... 85 Diagram 22 : Alur Kegiatan Dokter ........................................................................... 86 Diagram 23 : Alur Kegiatan Asisten Dokter .............................................................. 86 Diagram 24 : Alur Kegiatan Karyawan Toko ............................................................ 87 Diagram 25 : Alur Kegiatan Pembeli ........................................................................ 87 xx
Diagram 26 : Alur Kegiatan Pemilik Dan Supervisor ................................................ 87 Diagram 27 : Alur Kegiatan Staff Administrasi ......................................................... 88 Diagram 28 : Alur Kegiatan Staff Admisi .................................................................. 88 Diagram 29 : Alur Kegiatan Kepala Bagian Tempat Penitipan Anak ........................ 88 Diagram 30 : Alur Kegiatan Kepala Bagian Paud ..................................................... 89 Diagram 31 : Alur Kegiatan Pengasuh ..................................................................... 89 Diagram 32 : Alur Kegiatan Kepala Keamanan Dan Kebersihan ............................. 90 Diagram 33 : Alur Kegiatan Satpam ......................................................................... 90 Diagram 34 : Alur Kegiatan Cleaning Service .......................................................... 90 Diagram 35 : Alur Kegiatan Tukang Kebun / Gardener ............................................ 91 Diagram 36 : Pola Ruang Makro ............................................................................. 99 Diagram 37 : Pola Ruang Mikro ............................................................................ 100 Diagram 38 : Distribusi Listrik................................................................................. 152 Diagram 39 : Distribusi Air Bersih.......................................................................... 153 Diagram 40 : Skema Air Kotor ............................................................................... 153 Diagram 41 : Sistem Water Treatment System ...................................................... 161 Diagram 42 : Pengaruh Keselamatan Dan Keamanan........................................... 199
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