BÁNYÁSZATI ÉS KOHÁSZATI LAPOK
MISKOLCI EGYETEM FORR-ÁSZ PROJEKT TÁMOP-4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0019 Anyagtudomány Felsőoktatás Hírmondó 148. évfolyam 2015/3. szám
Jó szerencsét!
Az Országos Magyar Bányászati és Kohászati Egyesület lapja. Alapította Péch Antal 1868-ban.
A kiadvány a FÉMALK Zrt. támogatásával jelenik meg
TA RTAL OM 1
2 4
9
14
18 22
29
33
38
41
Gácsi Z. – Batta B.: Környezetbiztonságos forraszanyagok anyagtudományi alapon történő fejlesztése primer- és másodnyersanyagokból a járműipar számára Benke M. – Sályi Zs.: Szelektív forrasztószerszámok tönkremeneteli mechanizmusa Simon A. – Géber R. – Lipusz D. – Gácsi Z.: Rézmátrixú kompozitok jellemzése, kísérleti előállítása Gyökér Z. – Terjék A. – Gyenes A. – Gácsi Z.: Az ezüst és a réz hatása az Sn-AgCu forraszanyagok szövetszerkezetére és mechanikai tulajdonságaira Téglás N. – Gyenes A. – Nagy E. – Gácsi Z.: Többalkotós Sn-Ag-Cu alapú ólommentes forraszanyagok vizsgálata Baumli P.: A keményforrasztás alapanyagai Kékesi T.: Ólommentes forrasztási ónhulladék teljes feldolgozása rugalmas és környezetbarát módszerrel Lassú G. – Török T.: Kísérleti lehetőségek egy újszerű analitikai módszerrel a tűzzománc–acél mennyiségi mélységprofil-elemzésére, és az eljárás elvi alapjai Rontó V. – Tranta F. – Svéda M. – Roósz A.: Hozzáadott cink hatása az Sn-Bi forraszötvözet szerkezetére és kristályosodási tulajdonságaira Szabó G. – Mertinger V. – Zupkó I. – Mikó T. – Roósz A.: Meleghengerléssel plattírozott többrétegű alumíniumlemezek technológiai vizsgálata A 2015/3. szám szerzőinek szakmai életrajza
Anyagtudomány 43 Mekler Cs. – Baranyai V. – Dezső A. – Trampus P. – Kresz N. – Kaptay Gy.: A szemcsehatár-energia, a szemcsehatárszegregáció és a szemcsehatár-átalakulás modellezése többkomponensű ötvözetekben Felsőoktatás 50 Beszélgetés prof. dr. Kékesi Tamással 52 Beszámoló a XXXII. Országos Tudományos Diákköri Konferenciáról Hírmondó 56 100 éve született Óvári Antal. Tisztesség és tisztelet 57 120 éve született az ajkai timföldgyár és alumíniumkohó építője 58 Egyesületi hírek 60 MÖSZ-hír 65 Köszöntések 66 Nekrológok
Öntészet rovatunkat az 1950-ben indított és 1991-ben megszûnt önálló szaklap, a BKL Öntöde utódjának tekintjük.
F R O M T H E CO NT EN T Benke M. – Sályi Zs.: Degradation mechanism of selective soldering tools ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 The soldering tool is in direct contact with the molten solder alloy. The soldering tools are typically made from ferrous alloys, or high purity Armco iron. Today’s solder alloys are tin-based alloys which are highly reactive and solve the iron atoms from the soldering tools. This process leads to the erosion degradation of the soldering tools, which requires the halt of the soldering line and the replacement of the soldering tool. The erosion process can be inhibited through the composition modification of the solder melt. However, for most cases, the composition of the solder melt is strictly regulated, leading to the need for the development of soldering tools with enhanced lifetime against erosion. Simon A. – Géber R. – Lipusz D. – Gácsi Z.: Characterization and experimental producing of copper matrix composites ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4 The improvement of properties of conventional materials is possible with the use of another coupling materials. The application of these kind of composite material systems can be observed in many areas of industry (e.g. manufacturing of electronic parts). In this article the Authors review the main properties of metal matrix composites, as well as manufacturing methods, main properties and applications of copper matrix composites. During their research work copper matrix composites reinforced with SiC particles were produced and some results of their investigations were presented. Gyökér Z. – Terjék A. – Gyenes A. – Gácsi Zoltán: Effects of silver and copper on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn-AgCu solders ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 After the switch to lead-free solders Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) alloys have been proved to be the most sufficient solders among the current alternative ones in the terms of replacing lead-containing solders. One of the most common SAC solders is the SAC305 alloy which contains 3 wt% Ag and 0.5 wt% Cu. This paper investigates the effects of Ag and Cu on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of SnAg-Cu lead-free solders via alloys with five different compositions. Light and scanning electron microscopy with microprobe analysis were used to describe the effects of the alloying elements on the microstructure. Further-more tensile tests and hardness measurements were applied to determine the mechanical properties (UTS, YS, HV and elongation). Téglás N. – Gyenes A. – Nagy E. – Gácsi Z.: Investigation of multicomponent Sn-Ag-Cu based lead free solders ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...14 According to the directives adopted by the European Union, lead has been banned from the manufacturing processes because of its health and environmental hazards. Therefore the development of lead-free solder has started up. This paper investigates multicomponent Sn-Ag-Cu based leadfree solders with different compositions. The properties of the Innolot and two low-Ag solders were compared with the widespread SAC305 in the industrial practise. Microstructure investigation and X-ray diffraction measurements were performed to identify the formed phases, furthermore tensile tests and hardness measurements were executed to determine the mechanical properties.
Baumli P.: Base materials of brazing ... ... ... ... ...18 Brazing is a joining process (above 450 °C) in which two or more items are joined together by melting a filler metal. The filler metals have lower melting point than the brazed parts. Irresolvable bonding between metal and metal, ceramic and ceramic or ceramic and metal can be made by brazing. The quality of joining largely depends on the correct composition of the filler material. Most widely used types of filler metals are copper and its alloys, nickel and its alloys, as well as pure silver and silver-based alloys furthermore aluminium, magnesium, zinc or titaniumbased filler can be applied. The results of research on brazing and joining are summarised in this review. Kékesi T.: Complex processing of lead-free soldering waste by a flexible and environment friendly method ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...22 The significant amount of the waste material arising from the application of the most common SAC-type lead-free soldering tin alloys, containing Ag and Cu, can be processed practically free of any emission by a multi-step method based on an aqueous electrorefining step. The first step is the melting of the heterogeneous waste material skimmed from the soldering bath, which serves the melt to be cast into cooled molds to form the anodes. The oxide dross here separated can be subjected to a carbothermic reduction to yield finely dispersed tin, soluble in hot hydrochloric acid. This may be used for the preparation of the electrolyte solution. The properly controlled refining electrolysis can produce high purity tin at the cathode, while silver and copper is concentrated in the slime layer arising at the surface of the anode. The Sn, Cu and Ag content of the slime can be dissolved selectively by consecutive leaching steps using hot hydrochloric and nitric acid solutions. Pure tin can be extracted from the chloride solution after removing copper by cementation, followed by silver chloride precipitation from the nitrate solution. This method, developed at the laboratory scale can be operated economically on a low capacity as well, as no sophisticated equipment needs to be invested and no expensive materials or considerable electric energy are required. The negligible amount of the technological residue is practically tin dioxide, which can be recycled to the melting step. Lassú G. – Török T.: Application possibilities and the principle of a novel analytical technique for compositional depth profile measurement of the steel-enamel interface ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...29 In this paper we publish the principle of elemental /quantitative depth profile analysis of the steelenamel interface and the methodological development which leads to this possibility. In our previous paper [1] we showed how powerful the analytical technique GD-OES is for analyzing the entire enamel coating and the interface region (which is very important from the aspects of bonding). In that article we presented only qualitative depth profiles, because we were unable to commence the full calibration procedure due to lacking the proper reference standard samples. By now and in collaboration with the TOBIZO Co. eventually we could prepare some quasi-standards and we can use them for quantitative calibration. The quantified depth profiles then will supply extra information compared to the qualitative ones, i.e. not only the trends but the exact compositional conditions can be determined in the whole depth of such coatings as well. Continued on page 64.
• Szerkesztôség: 1051 Budapest, Október 6. utca 7., III. em. • Telefon: 06-1-201-7337 • • E-mail:
[email protected] • • Felelôs szerkesztô: Balázs Tamás • • A szerkesztôség tagjai: dr. Buzáné dr. Dénes Margit, dr. Klug Ottó, dr. Kórodi István, Lengyelné Kiss Katalin, Schudich Anna, Szabados Ottó, Szende György, dr. Tardy Pál, dr. Török Tamás • • Kiadó: Országos Magyar Bányászati és Kohászati Egyesület • Felelôs kiadó: dr. Nagy Lajos • • Nyomja: Press+Print Kft. 2340 Kiskunlacháza, Gábor Áron u. 2/a • HU ISSN 0005-5670 • Belsô tájékoztatásra, kereskedelmi forgalomba nem kerül. • A közölt cikkek fordítása, utánnyomása, sokszorosítása és adatrendszerekben való tárolása kizárólag a kiadó engedélyével történhet. • Internetcím: www.ombkenet.hu/bkl/kohaszat.html
´µ¶·¸¹¶º »¼½ ¾¿ÀÀÁ ÃÄÅ ÆÇÈÉ¿ ÊÄÅ ËÌÍÌÎ ËÄÏ ÐÑ ÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÑÑÙÚÛÜÓ Þß×ÔàáâãààÔä Ôà ÒÑ Û×ÚáÜá×å âÔ×áä æåÑàäÛÕÒ×Ò æÛÕ×ÙÑç Ôäá×Ôàå åèã éêääæÔÜëÔìáÜí îïð ïÙÖ ñÛàÑÒ×í òó¼ôõí ¼ôöõ ÔæéÙÕëÒÚí òõ àÑÛÚí ô¼÷ôöõ »ò½ ø¿Íù¿ úÄÅ ËÌÍÌÎ ËÄÅ ¾¿ÀÀÁ ÃÄÏ ÐÑ ÒÓÔÕ Ôà Ò ×ØÑÑÙÚÛÜÓ ìáæÙÜÒ× ÞßÑß××å Þß×ÔàâãÕí ÐÜëÒäÙÞ ûåÕÛäÒ üýÒ×áâåÒÕà þÙâÕèÿ ¼ó ü ÿ üòó¼òÿ ¼ô÷òõ » ½ ¾¿ÀÀÁ ÃÄÏ ØÑÑÙÚÛÜÓí áäë êæáäáà
æÒà×ÒäìáæÙÜÒ× Ôà ÒÜÜÒÞ àÑáâØ æåÑàÖ » ½ ÙâåìÒ ÙìåÜ æÙÜ âÙéåÕáâ ò àáâ äÛÕÒ×å ÚçèàÑáâá üÙàÑ×áâÖáÕãÒèÛàÿí ýÒÜ ÒÕ åÓÞ åèá ×Ù á ×ñ âÙéåÕá ûõ ãÞáÑáÕã Ôà ÐÜëÒä× èÙÚÛÜë Ò ÒÕåìâÒ×åÙÜí ðÙÜä ÚáÒ í òó¼ õ
Ô äëÛâ×ÛàìÒÜ ïÙÜéáâáÜÓåÒí îÒÕÒÖ »ö½ ËÄ ÀÅ Ä ¿! "#Ï ÕÙ åàÖ ×ÙÜéêâáèí òó¼ôõ ÙÞ×õ ÷¼òõ ÓñÒâäá $ ×åÓÒÕ ÚåààåÙÜ áÓ×âÙàÖ »ô½ ¾¿ÀÀÁ ÃÄÏ ØÑÑÙÚÛÜÓÖìáæÙÜÒ×ÙÞ éáÖ ÓÙ ë Ð âÒÓ×åÓÒÕ åèáí %ÙëÒÕ ÕáàÑ×ÔàÔ× ×ÛÚÙäÒ×ç æåÑàäÛÕÒ×ÙÞ üáÕãÖ ÙÓåá×ë Ùé ñáÚåà×âëí òóó õ ÒèÛàÿí ûõ ÔÚÞÙñÛàÑ ÑÒÞÚÒå Ò »½ ÐÑ áÕáÚÒÜÒÕå×åÞÒ ÞÙâàÑáâØ ÚçèàÑáâáå ýåàÞÙÕÓå äëá×áÚí òó¼ôõ ÜÙæáÚìáâ öõ üàÑáâÞõ &ÛâÒë ë ÕÒÿí ¿ 'À (')À *Å »½ ÙâåìÒ ÙìåÜ æÙÜ âÙéåÕáâ ò àáâ +,Í¿! Ã!ÄÏ öõ ÕåÚÚÞåàêÕÔàØ à äÛâÖ ýÒÜ ÒÕ Ù ×Ù àá èá ×ñ âÙéåÕá Ôà åÙÜéÙââÛà× ÒÕÞÒÕÚÒÑç à áÞ×âÙÖ âáà Õ×à å×ñåÜ Ò ÓÒÕåìâÒ×åÙÜí ðÙÜäÖ Úá×âåÒå áÕÛâÛàÙÞí ÐÞÒèÔÚåÒå ïåÒèçí ÚáÒ í òó¼ õ î èÒ áà×í òóóí ò-÷ óóõ
./012 45612.57 8 1.7017 9:.:0; 8 <4=>7
[email protected] 8 ./2
.@< BCDDEFGCHH JKLM NFHEOF FD PLQRK SCTTFODUHVUDWH ODWTMWDWHXTW XO MTKOHEYZCOCGEOK H[YF\GCLOE]FKTF ^_ ab cdeffghigj kellmj_mhnmoep pqkgbdgj_irjrhrd ednmh isdmbtehjuv oeplm pgdd kcpsj_udhqw fqhi xdy m dqpzqtsj_v{|frljrpdgi }m plqjiudnejetuj pg_tgig~w m j_qdultvedzmtrp uifghgiq _chm {|frljrpdgiv zmon qt|imliev fuhnmw j_zgij_glpg_giw fg{mhqpmq isdmbtehjuoepw hgtzgjirjy ^_ hv q mdmxiz_gi{g_ qhpgi mtmoedzm zq_joudisp m j_zgij_glpg_gi rj m iglfqpsj isdmbtehjuoep zudie_ujuiy
! " # % '(()* %,- /0%12 - , - ! # 5- # # 1# # !0 -9 #=! - ! 2 5- * A #B" =99 # #= = # # - 1- # 0 #- #1- J1# #9 5- 5 " - 1! - ! #M * # #1- J1# # A 9-# # # 2 # # - 1 #1 2A1-1*
,%M - - ! # #- - - 91 M #1A1- " ,% ! # %A - 1 a5 # -# #" d/e* 2 91 # - --k l ! 99 ="= # "A- %p l #- 99 a5 9# v a -wA wxp l -- 99 A" -B1-p l ! - #1- "0 - 1#p l # 0 a- 1 % 9 " 0 # l 9B 5- 91 #p
l ,% - - 59#* % - - ! # # % - 1-11 ! %A - # # #- M * #"A- 0 52 1-1# v #-! - A- # A 0 xM - A0 "A1# 52 1-1# 0 " ! A2 !M A" -B1-M - =" - # M a50 # %A - #* #= #0 #- =-- 1 © «0¬ ="= # ¯ 5 A-" % "- -# ©0 # #- "A- 1- % a50 # %A - # * ¼ ! # A" 2 %A - «0¬ ="=0 # #M 5 ! 5% -# ÆA0 a 1- # d'e* " - # - ! ¯0 - # A" 0 2 5-, 5 ¯ =1# !-1 1- - a% dÚM Üe* ÝÞß 1- #- dâe #0 #- «0ç¬ 1- «0ë¬0v/M 'M ÚM )M ë ðx ¯0="= # " - # " 0 20M * # a 5©1- - 1* ¯0 J "1!19 B 0 #M 5 ! )ð ¯0 2 0 !-5 vÜ( ë( x 1- - #B0 - A- v)( çâ xM 50 - a-=## !,- v/ /(ðx*
= J =A=a-#1- - B"- =1- «0ç¬ ="= 1M ¯00 =" 1-1" % a-=## M ! A 99 =1- # ="= #* ! 99 5©1- - 9 -0 -1 99M ! - - =" - 0 # A 1! M !9 ,A0 " ! ©#, ¬0 - 5p ¯0 =" # A1-1" 2 #0 " ¬0 1- ¯0 - !-1 " #$ %* " 2 5© v ! 0 -99 5©1-©x ="= #1 A ! 99 !-5 1- - #B- 0 A- #* 3--, 5©1-1 ="= # ! =99 59 vA" ¬0 ©#M ¯0#"-M A1- #x 0 #M 5 ! 2 ¯0 * C 5 ! ¯0 , ="= #1 A ! 5©1- - 9 --1 1 K LMNO 1- #- - 1 «0¬0¯ ="= # " - #M 5 " ¯0 - ¬00 M * - ¯0 0 2 ¬0 d)e* a5# %A - # # 19 5- A 1! # ##M h 1 #- dâe* - #B- A- (mÜð ¯0 )'02 ë) 0 2p "99 ¯0 =" # A1-0 1 - #B- A- !51 a-=#0 # * ¬0 )ð0 =" M %A a-=## - #B- A- *
!,- Ü ð ¯0 A- #0 - a-=## v'ëð0 )ð0xM %A !51 "99 a-=## ¯0 =" 1-1" * !,- # -
¡¢£¤¥¦ ¨ ª«¬ ¯ ±²³
o ]hd\hwj]o A$-1$-=7 !%5!@#%#" @!5#% @#."#@#%# 6 4# M/$7"/7 %J2/L>3$ B;/7 2#5#;E$ M<%6 D 7228 "#4#$ 6C#$ M<%6 # #%6$ u8 N@ ! @#%6%#2#" %,-C/$ 6.%#$>E" ef\ghiZj]hk vwjxy]z{ iw|\hk}ihV lmj `TaTXbcdTX Z[\] STUTVWX Z[\] lmj nSoZp`oZoqr 3" K7$34 46.#%< 1$-%6 #" "77$>J2? G3$%L/7 2#M#%$#"8 $!5#26 65#2 7 8 I/;:3CC =7-%/.%/234$B2 C7@4J%3 6 N $#>5# F%6 7 "F 6.2#%#" @#.7$%D / 97 4#$$:7 6;< =7 32>?>7" /@ A$ 7$"# KB@7 3" 5B2$/" "7D /4#2:#" =7-%/.%/234 +-(), "!@!%%7 $!5#"#>6-
¡¢ ¤
¥ § ¡¢ ¤
ª ¬ ¡¢ ¤ ¯ ± ¡¢ ¤ ´µ ·¸¹ºµ » ½¾¿À¥ÀÁ ÀÄÄÁÅ¡Æ¡Å¿Ç Éɤ À¡ËÀÁšŽ ÍÎÉÏÀÐ¥ÆÑ ÓÅËÔ¡ÆÄÕÖÇ¡ÆÄ ÄÅ¥ÅÄÄÆÏÅ ÚÎÕÛ
%&'()
%&'(*
%&'(+
-. 0123. 45 7(8788 %(:&;:'( 78=75>8>? A57=>8A5>B?>5>8>
%&'(,
"# $
Qs
ms
_9 ;<=>9 ? Z[@ILSO bLL@VPKPVRKCVO BcdDceBDVRV^@KLVf ? ^ICP[O VRgOKL@hPKLV L@IRIOQWKRRVR Pb]PKCPF Q ^K]KL VCCVO BIDPQ]PQR^[P IL ^iPQPjQF Q^VRX Q ^ICP[O ZVRkRVPKP lSCjQ mV n9 o;o9 ? lI@LW[RQPSOrS@ bLL@V[RRhPSPP BCDHIDEC bPlb@VPVO ts
! " %&' ) * * !! & 0 '& & ! 9 !& ' @ 0 & *B E" G *) 99 & " B G !99 B ) R B B* TU & * )@ G \] _` &G 0 ! %&'&dE" @ B R" G ) *)& * ! R" B) & B "* B & ) @ s ) G @*) @ & G *) @B B& B @*) 0 @ R !!& ) !!& 0 " & B0B9 @ &
" !!
B !!& @G *) BR @ " 0& B*G 099 & B BR B* @BR B* ]
89 ;<=>9 ?@ BCDECF HIDEC KL BCDHI OKPQROSPTL VWXVCLYRXI Z[@IL\IQW]Q^SO
¢£¤¥¦§¨©¨ª ¥¤ ¨¦¨®¥¯°¨ª
í»³½¹µ²º¹
±²³´µ¶²¶· ´¹¹µ¶º»»¼²º¹½
B99 @ @ R Êñ
* " " &ô *)9G B R & *B & 9 " * ü
* G @ & " G @*) @ *99 *) T 9 B 0 @BR * 9 !! * B " !! * !G 9"
!9! *B @
" " %& ! Á%TÂ&Ã] ÁUÅÅ !!9 9& " ÊG ÂG à ] U @)& %&&' !! & " R B ÙÚ ²ºÜÝ »ºµ½²Ü½Þ B@ R ! _ 0 !! B ! & æ%E&9 R 0 B "B * *B" '& **)9
!"#"#$ %%&%&' () #*%# **%+ -./0123
4 55 67
¡¢£¤ ¥ ¦§¨© ª« ¬« ¤
%&'()*+,-./01 2 45678688 6896:585;<=4 ;<> ? @@ @ABAC DAEA 2 @M78G;A8 :GE8 24R 8SB54T<57 2ER9SD=BG: A4A88 U VKWX5EO C5<5CCSBB54 Q59Y8588Z; A: MEFDA4@M [\ Q=@SECS;458 N64S] @A^D U_ X5EO Q=7 8AE8GC H8G7 U VKWX5EO C5<5CCSBB54 45Q`8688Z;> 2: U VKWX5EO C5<5CCSB ;6R :54 5BT57Ca4TM C:5E;5:58 ;EMC8G4TFCFR DGCG8 85C:M 45Q58=9S] A: YBT ;MA4A;H48 C:6958C:5E;5:5858] 9A4A@M78 A: 5E5D5R 8M 678688 C:5E;5:5858 @M;EFC:;bXMG9A4 9M:CBG48H;> 2 IJKRB6E<S; 5BT 57DF85E@ OCaR OCF8 @H8A87A; @M7D57 6896:587S4 Q59Y8SC;FE cde .gh0ij A @5BF49ADGC 85QG8 9MC:F7T4AB E69MD Q=@SECS;458R M785E9A44H@ wEMC8G4TFCFDGC;FE A: Jz{7U 6896:58 ;M9S854S954 QGEF@ 5F85E@ OCaOCF8 4G8H7;] A@M A:8 ^54578M] QFBT A: 6896R :585; ;EMC8G4TFCFDGCA QGEF@ NF4TAR @A8 2: Jz{7U 6896:58 OCA; ;S8 OCaOCF8 @H8A8> A A 45Q`4SCM NF4TA@A8F8 7S::Z;] A: 54C= 5F85E@ OCaOC ;5:D= Q=@SER CS;4585 9G48F:M; A {7R8AE8A4F@@A4> 2 {7R8AE8A4F@ 7695;5DSCS954 5BTE5 7ABTF<< Q=@SECS;45857 M7DH4 A NF4TAR @A8> 2 @GCFDM; SC QAE@ADM; ;EMC8G4TFR CFDGCM NF4TA@A8F8 ^54:= OCaOCF;A8 @SESCM QM 2 {7R6896:=954 85QG8 ^54578=C57 @5B7= 5BTESC:8 A 4M;9MDHC:RQ=@SER CS;458] @GCESC:8 A ;EMC8G4TFCFDGC NF4TA@A8G7A; Q=@SECS;458RM785E9A44HR @A LSC YBT A: MD=M785E9A44H@ MCP A: A4AX J7RzM 6896:58SQ5: ;SX5C8>
&+Æ)Ç1,+ÇhÈÇ+Ç1 J:6958C:5E;5:58R9M:CBG4A8F8 9SB5:R 8Z7; A: 678688 SC A IJKR<57 a^EA @5BF49AC:8F88 SC ;EMC8G4TFCFDF88 @M7R 8G;F7> 2 ;S8 CFEF:A8 ;6:688 A 45Q`4SCM C5<5CCSB<57 9A7 ;Z467 Ê7R 75; A C5<5CCSB;Z467 2: 678688 @M78G; C:5E;5:58S8 A Ëe .gh0 @H8A8^A 5BT ;MC5<< LÍÎ_] Î__R FCP SC 5BT 7ABTF<< LU___R5CP 7ABTYR 8GCa ;SX57 A {7R8AE8A4F@ NZBB9S7TSR <57 L9MCC:AC:bE8 545;8EF77A4 ;SC:Z48 ;SX5;P> 2 C:6958;SX5;57 ^b4 4G8C:M;] QFBT 7695;9= {7R8AE8A4F@7G4 5BTE5 7ABTF<< @577TMCSB` SC 5BTE5 7ABTF<< @SE58` N5;585 8`; 8A4G4QA8b; A: A4AXC:6958<57> 2: 575EBMADMC:X5E:Y9 CX5;8EF@S85E @SESC5;;54 LJÊßRÊIJP {7RNG:MC;S78 A:F7FCY8QA8^H; 5:5;58 A 8`;58 cåe .gh0i> 2: A4AXC:6958 HBTA7aBT êRJ7R SC zMR NG:MCF; 2 zMR{7 E57DC:5E CA^G8FCCGBA] QFBT F49ADS;G44AXF8 ABTMC @GE F49ADS;G44AXF8 2 OM7; b77A4 SC <M:@H88A4 MC 5H85;8M;HC NF4TA@A8
zMR{7 5BT57Ca4TM NG:MCDMABEA@F;P> GEF@A4;F8bC E57DC:5E<57 85QG8 9A4bC:Y7`45B A zM 7ABT @577TMCSB5 @MA88 A {7 ;EMC8G4TFCFDGCA M7DH48 54=R C:6E A: F49ADS; ßM954 A: b7 zMR F4DbR;SX5CCSB5 MC 7ABTF7 ;MOCM] 5:SE8 8F9G<<M Q`4SC;FE A: J7RNG:MC Ê:5; A: AXEb ;M9G4GCF; 4G8QA8b; A C68S8 C:Y7` J7R D57DEM85;57 <54Z4> 2 D57DEM85C J7 SC A: 5H85;8M;H@ ;EMC8G4TFCFDGCG8 ^54:M A ;S8 7ABTF<< 5F85E@ OCaOC A IJKR B6E<S;57> Ê:5; A NF4TA@A8F; ;<> HBTA7A:F7 A Q=@SECS;45857 @5775; 9SB<5 @M7D A 7SBT 6896:587S4] uU?U SC UÍ5 VKRF7> 2: Jz{7U 6896:58<57 NFEDH4 54= A 45B;MC5<< @577TMCSB<57 A ;M9G48 {7RNG:MC> Ê: F4TA7 ;MC @577TMR CSB] QFBT A IJKRB6E<S7 75@ MC @H8A8F88 ^5458> 2 IJKR<57 a^EA @5BF49AC:8F88] @A^D U VKW@M7 C5<5CCSBB54 45Q`8688 @M78G; C:6958;SXS7 A {7R8`; @SE5R 8S<57 SC @577TMCSBS<57 4G8H7; ^54578=C 9G48F:GC8> 2 4ACCA<< Q`4SC ;6958;5:8S<57 7SQG7T 7ABTF7 7ABT] DHE9A] 9AC8AB {7R8` ;EMC8G4TFCFDF88] @5445885 4G8QA8b; 7ABTF7 9S;F7T 8`; MC c_e .gh0i> 2: J7RzM A4AXC:6958<57 A: 5H85;8M;H@ NG:MCAM7A; 45@5:9ACR 8ABCGBA MC 7=88 A 4ACCA<< Q`4SC @MA88> Ê:5; A: 5E5D@S7T5; 6CC:QA7B 2 DHE9G<< C:5E;5R :58 G48A4G
"# $
±² ´µ¶·¸¹¸º
ÃÄÄÅÅÆǸºÅȺ
» ¼ ½ '"'& & 95 5 % '"&% " &3 9 % K
9 & * » ¼ '"' & 5 " " & '"& %
& 95 2 %%& &' " '"'% &%* » ¼ ½ '"'& ¿»À " 3 9 & 95 & Á ` &
3
& 95 K 9
* ½ ' K &% " & 95 2 2 & 95 2 %%& 9 &% & » ¼ % &%* M& 5 % 9& %& '% ( '"' & " & 5 %92 Â* ,'"&"2 ½ 9 " ## ½ & & 95 5 %93
'"' & 5 5 *
& & ÉÊËÌÍ Î*Ï**¼ ÐÑÏÑÌ,Ò ÏÐÐ ÐÐÐ & 5
%9 " ÉÊËÌÍ Î*Ï*Ï* ÑÑÌ,Ò ÏÐÏ ÐÐÓ ( & %&% Ô »%9 É" &%# M Õ " 3 M » K " "
* Ö׶ع¸¶Ù ÚÛÜ ÝÞßàáâãäåàáæã èäàáéêë ìíîïïðñòðó ôîõõöó÷òøó úòòûüýýþþþÿðòòÿ ïðÿúý ûíîöýÛÛÛÛÛÿ ôð
ö ööö ôôý ð õ ó ÷ ò ö ñ ó ÷ íîïïðñòðóôîõõÿûô ÚÜ è ë ÿ íð òõîñÿ !öòðõÿ "Û
# Û ÿ Ú Ü $ %& ' è & ( )*å& + , + å& + - )*â+å (à* +ë ÿ .ííîó öñ /îïûÿ "Û# 0 Ûÿ
Ú Ü
% 1 %*&+å2 Ý 3 è& è - %*Þåë ÿ !öòðõÿ 4 5ÿ "# Û ÛÛ ÿ ÚÜ $ 3 3 % -6+å2 3&2+å& +ë ÿ .ííîó öñ /îïûÿ " # 0 ÿ ÚÜ +å 7*& $+å2à*+å 3&å 8Þå2 '&Þë îõñöí îô .ííîó öñ /îï ûîñó "# 0 ÿ ÚÜ 9 :+ å $ % %*+å % $&å2ë !öòÿ 4 5ÿ ñ;ÿ < Û " #
0 ÿ ÚÜ 9* Þ 3*+ß = $ % %*+åë !5 õî ðíð òõîñ5 ñ;5ñððõ5ñ; "# 0 ÿ Ú Ü : '& 8 :& ' +å2 7 ' + $ èÞ $ 3* ' è ë îõñöí îô .ííîó öñ /îïûîñó "ÛÛ# 0 ÿ ÚÛÜ ,åâê > Ýß+åâ+ 8 3?@+ 1 A+& é %á+2äåã 1ë
01234 67389 : ;<9=>?6<9 @2AB9>2 : 1CDE4 >0=@7? : ;>E4 =2;70 : 98401 2?F970 GHIHJKHLJHMINOOHI QIRSSTMUVUSS SXYYMNSHJZ RI\]TL^\]IH]HVH_ SHaKLUIbJ^R^ d^VOJeIRSR deefg i kiglmnogpeig rostnsukfvw ymikkzst{tkk imlnzg}lnmfnf{f~ ~ku } klmi
tgovi}k }{vomkl~ { fvpf sukfvf~efg im~imni{tkk k{fkf~ i{ imoee}i~ tmki~ mg} nivk{fk u m} f
mfnf{ ~ ku ~}imi~zkook fvp §tg ©tmm vposknogp« ~zusmfk} rfgvfsommogptg nf mfvrfgvfsmufm uvf{k°~ rfgvfsmu} r nusu~mfk sfg
sf ¶· ¶ u º ¼½ tmk ~ku ~}imi~lmoogi~ n}g zkuusf Äyffm kf{kfk im~imni{ klg~ }{vomiktk Êgkstg vposknogp« lg}fs{om} igpiv}{vomÎ efsfg
f{ufg uvf{k°~ Äyffm kf{k Îm im~imni{rikÎ i ~ku fs uvugf~ n}g zkuusf n}fm i nusk mffk fs u i{ us}gk~f{ fm°mfkf~fg ~}imi~lmk ~ku givpovi isogpt Äyffm kf{k nfmmfkk tyk}~i} n}~st{~Îyt u dfmukfmf~fk } ~u{zkfkk°g~ nfmpfg fmmfv{fkf ~ku} r}eo~ik ~fsf k°g~ kiglmnogp öumi rtvp nt
fmmf{{°~ i{ }yiseig ri{gomikt kför gtmÎv}ok imin}gk fmkoslg~ gurogp fmmfv{fkf ~ku} r}eok u iimiktk kfvp°g~ i{ f{f~fk muksfrt{Î t~t~si imin}gk i nfv{°gkfku°~sf }{vomikt~ik fvp i ktoee} fmri{gomo öumogi~ nfvfmfm ~}omi{ ktkk k{fkyossi i{tgt ymikkzst{o} vftnfks}i nfmmfkk uvf{k°~ Ätoeeo }{vomg} ~zogkl~ i fm°mfk} us
fzku rikook i rfzku fm kk u }vi{tmg} rtvp i Äyffm kf{k im~imni i ~ku fs uvugf~ n}g zkuusf
* , & ( % 1 2 % 3 5 %&& 9 % &'# &* " # % &'( %9 3 9 9 5 EF
GHIJKLMNONOPLQQRQRSJTULOVQOLVVQW YZ[\]^_
5 5 &2 5 5 &2 % "& K * M K " & 5 '%* T " &# 9 % K & &3 '"' 9 9 " 5` K52 "1& K * d
& 3 9 %1& &'% & & & %
& & #& & 3 " &
%&& 5&"1 " " & %
5 %%&& 5 &&* % 1 %9 # & * 5&3 9
% 9 9 % 3 &'%
&% %&9 &" ' % * &'% 2% 5
&" %%&%2 K1 * ,
& & &'%3 &" % 9 && ©3 * M %" &'% 2% `JaaLHbc
