I.
PENDAHULUAN
Perubahan pola makan dari red meat ke white meat membuka peluang terhadap tingkat konsumsi produk perikanan pada masyarakat dunia, sementara disisi lain berlaku kewajiban secara legitimasi pertanggung jawaban untuk menjamin bahwa pengawasan keamanan makanan dimulai dari C to T atau (Capture to Table) atau F to F (Farm to Fork). Peningkatan konsumsi produk perikanan juga menyebabkan tuntutan pasar terhadap jaminan kualitas dan keamanan yang selanjutnya mempengaruhi tingkat permintaan suplai bahan baku (”raw material”) produk perikanan yang semakin hari semakin bertambah, hal ini menyebabkan persaingan pasar yang terus menerus sedangkan sisi lain kita harus mempersiapkan eksportir perikanan yang mampu berdaya saing. Daya saing tidak saja kuantitas dan kualitas produk tetapi informasi akan akses pasar dalam rangka memasuki pasar ekspor dan tata cara pemasaran produk perikanan ekspor sangat perlu bagi eksportir khususnya Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM). Keterbatasan eksportir UKM akan akses pasar luar negeri, karena tata cara perdagangan luar negeri melampaui batas kenegaraan dengan
aturan
pabean,
mata
uang,
sistem
ukuran/takaran/timbangan dan bahasa sehingga diperlukan pengetahuan atau gambaran mengenai segi teknis pembiayaan, pengasuransian, shipping dan pabean. Buku pedoman ekspor hasil perikanan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi penting 1
tentang tata cara ekspor hasil perikanan dan persyaratan ekspor di pasar internasional khususnya di pasar Belgia, Tiongkok dan Vietnam bagi para pelaku usaha perikanan khususnya eksportir UKM hasil perikanan. II. TUJUAN Penyusunan buku ini adalah dalam rangka memberikan informasi akses pasar mengenai regulasi teknis dan diharapkan dapat: 1. Mempersiapkan perusahaan/unit pengolahan ikan skala kecil dan menengah sebelum memulai kegiatan ekspor produk perikanan. 2. Mempermudah pemahaman stake holder atau khususnya perusahaan eksportir atau unit pengolahan ikan skala kecil dan menengah tentang kegiatan/prosedur ekspor produk perikanan 3. Memahami peraturan-peraturan Negara importir atau negara tujuan pasar ekspor (pengamanan akses pasar) 4. Memperhitungkan resiko dalam kegiatan ekspor hasil perikanan apa yang menjadi ciri khas pasar ekspor produk perikanan dalam rangka pengamanan akses pasar.
III. RUANG LINGKUP 2
Ruang lingkup yang terkait dalam penyusunan buku pedoman ekspor hasil perikanan ini adalah sebagai berikut:
Informasi tentang perdagangan internasional hasil perikanan dan hambatan perdagangan yang terjadi.
Strategi dalam melakukan ekspor hasil perikanan dengan mengetahui lembaga-lembaga penting yang berperan dalam kelancaran kegiatan ekspor, dan dokumen-dokumen penting sebagai persyaratan ekspor.
Persyaratan umum dan khusus didalam negeri dalam kegiatan ekspor produk perikanan, bagaimana proses ekspor produk perikanan berjalan, prosedur ekspor, dan bagaimana menghindari resiko dalam kegiatan ekspor produk perikanan.
Gambaran pasar ekspor potensial produk perikanan Indonesia di pasar internacional khususnya di Belgia, Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, dan Vietnam dengan mengetahui regulasi impor negara tujuan dan perkembangan trend konsumen.
IV. PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL HASIL PERIKANAN 3
Berdasarkan data FAO, pada tahun 2010 total ekspor hasil perikanan dunia mencapai US$108,5 milyar. Negara-negara berkembang merupakan pemasok utama pasar hasil perikanan global yang mencapai 50% dari nilai dan 60% dari volume (setara berat hidup). Pada tahun 2009, sepuluh negara eksportir perikanan dunia antara lain: Tiongkok (US$ 10,2 milyar), Norwegia (US$ 7,0 milyar), Thailand (US$ 6,2 milyar), Amerika Serikat (US$ 4,1 milyar), Denmark (US$ 3,9 milyar), Kanada (US$ 3,2 milyar), Chile (US$ 3,6 milyar), Vietnam (US$ 4,1 milyar), Spanyol (US$ 3,1 milyar) dan Belanda (US$ 3,1 milyar). Menurut catatan FAO juga, pada tahun 2010 impor perikanan dunia mencapai US$111,8 milyar, atau naik sekitar 12% dibanding tahun sebelumnya dan meningkat 86% dari tahun 2000. Amerika Serikat dan Jepang merupakan importir utama dunia. Di negara maju tercatat sekitar 80 % dari total nilai impor produk perikanan. Negara maju mengimpor lebih dari 32 juta ton, sekitar 68 % adalah ikan untuk konsumsi manusia, sedangkan negara berkembang mengimpor ikan sebanyak 19 juta ton (setara dengan berat hidup), dengan 47 % adalah ikan sebagai makanan. Lebih dari 70 % nilai impor dunia terkonsentrasi pada tiga wilayah utama: EU, Jepang, dan Amerika Serikat. Sepuluh negara-negara pengimpor perikanan utama dunia tahun 2010 adalah: Jepang 4
(US$ 14,9 milyar), Amerika Serikat (US$ 15,5 milyar), Spanyol (US$ 6,6 milyar), Perancis (US$ 5,9 milyar), Italy (US$ 5,4 milyar), Tiongkok (US$ 6,1 milyar), Jerman (US$ 5,0 milyar) , Inggris (US$ 3,7 milyar), Swedia (US$ 3,3 milyar) dan Korea Selatan (US$ 3,1 milyar). Komoditas ikan yang banyak diperdagangkan antara lain: Udang, Salmon, Tuna, Halibut, Cods, Hakes, Haddocks, Herrings, Sardines, Anchovies, Kepiting dan Ikan Mas. V. HAMBATAN PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL HASIL PERIKANAN Dalam
pemasaran
ikan
dan
produk
perikanan
internasional, salah satu kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh para eksportir adalah standar dan aturan yang berbeda yang diberlakukan oleh negara-negara importir pada negara eksportir untuk menjamin bahwa produk tersebut memenuhi persyaratan keamanan pangan. Bahkan sesudah ratifikasi langkah-langkah Perjanjian Sanitary dan Phytosanitary (Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) dan Perjanjian Hambatan Teknis pada Perdagangan, Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), dibawah the World Trade Organization (WTO), perbedaanperbedaan diantara standar-standar nasional yang bermacam5
macam dan sistem pemeriksaan mungkin mempertahankan atau menciptakan hambatan perdagangan non-tariff yang baru. Globalisasi pada perdagangan makanan dan juga perkembangan teknologi dalam produksi perikanan, penanganan, pengolahan dan distribusi serta peningkatan kepedulian dan permintaan konsumen untuk keamanan dan mutu makanan yang tinggi menjadikan keamanan pangan dan jaminan kualitas yang tinggi dalam kepedulian publik dan prioritas bagi banyak pemerintahan. Ini ditunjukkan dengan serangkaian kekhawatiran akan keamanan pangan pada tahun 1990-an dengan munculnya penyakit Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) dan perhatian pada inovasi bioteknologi (GMO- modifikasi organisme genetik). Akibatnya banyak negara melakukan pengawasan yang ketat atas produk pangan yang gilirannya akan berdampak pada penambahan biaya importasi. Akhir-akhir ini, perhatian publik di negara maju terhadap tentang sanitary dan hygene produk pangan telah meningkat (Ahmed, 2006). Hal ini menyebabkan negara pengimpor (negara maju) melakukan pengetatan atas aturan keamanan produk baik untuk produk domestik maupun produk impornya. Negara-negara berkembang sering mengeluhkan bahwa mereka terkena dampak aturan sanitary & phitosanitary yang ketat dari negara-negara importir utama. Perbedaan peraturan negara-negara pengimpor, 6
standar, tatalaksana dan
sistem inspeksi merupakan contoh
kesulitan yang dihadapi negara berkembang. VI. EKSPOR PRODUK PERIKANAN INDONESIA Selama 3 tahun terakhir (2007 – 2009) produk ekspor hasil perikanan mengalami kenaikan baik volume, namun mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2009 dimana salah satu penyebabnya adalah terjadinya krisis keuangan di negara importir utama produk perikanan. Pada tahun 2007 ekspor produk perikanan mencapai 854.328 ton dengan nilai US$ 2,258 milyar. Pada tahun 2008, total volume ekspor hasil perikanan Indonesia mencapai 911.674 ton dengan nilai sebesar US$ 2,699 milyar. Sedangkan pada tahun 2009, volume ekspor hasil perikanan Indonesia mengalami penurunan menjadi 881.413 ton atau senilai US$ 2.466 milyar. Pada tahun 2009,
pangsa ekspor produk perikanan
Indonesia ke pasar tradisional (Jepang, Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa) sebesar 68,27%, ke pasar prospektif (Asia Tenggara dan Asia Timur) sekitar 21,41% dan sisanya ditujukan ke pasar potensial (Timur Tengah, Afrika, Eks Eropa Timur) sekitar 10,32%. Komoditas ekspor perikanan Indonesia meliputi udang, tuna, ikan ekonomis penting lainnya (kerapu, kakap, tenggiri, tilapia, dll), cephalopoda (squid, ocopus, cuttlefish), daging kepiting rajungan, 7
kepiting, rumput laut, teripang, lobster. Komoditas perikanan tersebut diolah menjadi produk perikanan (produk akhir) yang dapat dikelompokkan menurut proses penanganan dan atau pengolahan sebagai berikut: 1. Produk hidup; 2. Produk
segar
(fresh
product)
melalui
proses
pengesan/pendinginan; 3. Produk beku (frozen product) baik mentah (raw) atau masak (cooked) melalui proses pembekuan; 4. Produk kaleng (Canned product) melalui proses pemanasan dengan suhu tinggi (sterilisasi), dan pasteurisasi; 5. Produk kering (dried product) melalui proses pengeringan alami, atau mekanis; 6. Produk asin kering (dried salted product) melalui proses penggaraman dan pengeringan alami, atau mekanis; 7. Produk asap (smoked product) melalui proses pengasapan; 8. Produk fermentasi (fermented product) melalui proses fermentasi; 9. Produk masak (cooked product) melalui proses pemasakan/ pengukusan; 10. Surimi based product, melalui proses leaching atau pengepresan (minced); 8
VII. STRATEGI MEMASUKI PASAR EKSPOR PRODUK PERIKANAN Dalam memasuki pasar ekspor pengusaha dapat mempertimbangkan 10 langkah strategi yang perlu diambil, yaitu: 1. Keputusan manajemen untuk melaksanakan ekspor. Keputusan untuk melakukan ekspor ataupun hanya dipasarkan di dalam negeri tergantung keputusan manajemen perusahaan. Apabila
manajemen
perusahaan
memutuskan
untuk
mengekspor, maka manajemen perusahaan harus menentukan langkah-langkah
strategis
yang
perlu
diambil
untuk
keberhasilan dalam memasuki pasar ekspor. 2. Menentukan komoditas/produk perikanan yang akan diekspor. Hal ini mencakup antara lain: a. Komoditas/produk perikanan apa saja yang dapat diekspor? - Semua komoditas/produk perikanan dapat diekspor, selama dibutuhkan dan sesuai dengan selera pembeli - Semua komoditas perikanan yang dapat di produksi, atau - Semua komoditas yang dapat dipasok oleh produsen lain. b. Komoditas/produk perikanan apa saja yang laku di pasar internasional? Komoditas/produk
perikanan
yang
laku
di
pasar
internasional adalah yang mempunyai daya saing tinggi. 9
Komoditas yang mempunyai daya saing tinggi pada umumnya ditentukan oleh faktor: - Mutu/kualitas yang sesuai dengan selera konsumen, - Kegunaan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan konsumen, - Harga yang sesuai dengan daya beli konsumen, - Waktu penyerahan (delivery time) yang sesuai dengan musim pemasaran dan iklim di negara konsumen c. Menganalisis kondisi negara tujuan ekspor. Sebelum memilih negara tujuan ekspor perlu dipelajari terlebih dahulu beberapa kondisi dibawah ini: - Populasi suatu negara untuk menentukan prospek pasar, - Agama, tradisi dan budaya penduduk untuk menentukan selera di negara itu, - Kondisi politik, ekonomi, sosial, untuk menentukan resiko bisnis di negara itu, - Iklim di negara tujuan ekspor untuk menentukan jenis komoditas dan penetapan waktu pengapalan (delivery) - Peraturan ekspor-impor, perbankan, keuangan dan transportasi untuk dapat menghitung harga yang akurat dan lain-lain. d. Menetapkan pasar potensial dan segmen pasar. Setelah menetapkan pasar potensial dan segmen pasar, langkah selanjutnya adalah menentukan saluran pemasaran 10
yang akan dipilih. Saluran pemasaran yang dapat dipilih antara lain: - Menunjuk sole importer di negara bersangkutan, - Menunjuk agen penjualan, - Mendirikan confirming house atau kantor cabang, - Menyerahkan urusan impor kepada importir umum di negara tujuan ekspor, - Diserahkan pada pembeli bebas (independent buyers) e. Menentukan strategi operasional Strategi operasional yang akan diterapkan harus sesuai dengan pola dasar bauran pemasaran (marketing mix) yang dikenal dengan istilah 6-P yaitu: - Price - Promotion - Place - Power of government - Power of Parliament f. Menentukan sistem promosi. Sedikitnya ada 5 media promosi yang dapat dipakai, antara lain: - Pameran dagang internasional (trade fairs) di dalam negeri maupun di luar negeri; - Membuat brosur dan dikirimkan kepada calon pembeli; 11
- Pemasangan iklan di media cetak dan elektronik; - Melalui Atase Perdagangan, Kamar Dagang Indonesia, Indonesia Trade Promotion Center (ITPC); - Badan Pengembangan Ekspor Nasional (BPEN) dan Lembaga Penunjang Ekspor (LPE); g. Mempelajari peta pemasaran komoditas tertentu Sebelum menentukan pasar potensial dan segmen pasar, sebaiknya dipelajari peta pemasaran komoditi tertentu (gambaran potensi impor dari suatu negara terhadap komoditi yang akan diekspor). Cara yang biasa ditempuh dengan mengumpulkan data impor selama 2 – 5 tahun negara tersebut. h. Mempelajari dan alamat lengkap badan-badan promosi. Setelah
menentukan
promosi,
langkah
berikutnya
mengumpulkan nama dan alamat lengkap media promosi yang dipilih, khususnya yang berada di wilayah negara sasaran ekspor. i. Menyiapkan brosur dan Price list Agar calon pembeli lebih mengenal komoditas yang akan diekspor dapat ditempuh cara sebagai berikut: - Mengirimkan contoh barang itu sendiri - Membuat brosur dan daftar harga Harga yang disiapkan adalah catatan Harga Umum (Price 12
Indicator) agar pembeli dapat membandingkan harga tersebut dengan harga komoditas serupa dari negara lain. j. Menyiapkan surat perkenalan Promosi, selain ikut trade fairs, juga dapat dilakukan dengan membuat surat perkenalan yang dikirimkan kepada, - Asosiasi importir di negara tujuan - Atase perdagangan asing yang ada di dalam negeri - Kantor perwakilan badan promosi negara asing, antara lain JETRO, KOTRA, AMCHAM, dan lain-lain - Atase Perdagangan di luar negeri - BPEN serta seluruh kantor Indonesia Trade Pomotion Centre (ITPC) di negara tujuan ekspor.
VIII. TATA LAKSANA EKSPOR HASIL PERIKANAN A. Para Pelaku/Lembaga dalam Pemasaran Internasional Produk Perikanan 13
1. Eksportir Pelaku utama dalam perdagangan internasional produk perikanan seperti contoh di atas adalah eksportir yang dalam hal ini kita sebut saja PT. Mina Laut. Perusahaan/Eksportir hasil perikanan mungkin dapat dibagi 3 (tiga) kategori yaitu Eksportir Produsen/Pengolah, Eksportir Agen, dan Eksportir Pedagang 2. Produsen/Supplier Sebagai contoh, PT. ABC Laut mungkin saja hanyalah pedagang – perantara dan bukan produsen/pengolah produk perikanan. Karena itu dalam melakukan transaksi ekspornya, PT. ABC Laut memerlukan bantuan pengusaha lain, dalam hal ini adalah perusahaan supplier bahan baku. Tetapi dalam rangka menciptakan sustainable resources atau sesuai Code of Conduct Responsibility Fishery (CCRF) diharapkan eksportir juga bertindak sebagai produsen. 3. Perbankan Untuk membeli raw material dari supplier bahan baku dan melakukan operasional proses produksi/ pengolahan maka
biasanya
perusahaan
atau
eksportir
produsen/pengolah memerlukan dana segar. Oleh karena 14
itu perusahaan membutuhkan dana untuk operasional produksi/pengolahan dari badan usaha lain yaitu perbankan. 4. Balai Pengujian dan Sertifikasi Mutu Produk Untuk menjamin mutu dan keamanan pangan dari produk perikanan yang akan diekspor, terutama untuk menjamin keamanan produk bila dikonsumsi diperlukan pemeriksaan mutu produk dari lembaga sertifikasi yang ditunjuk oleh Otoritas Kompeten di Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. Hasil pemeriksaan mutu ini akan berpengaruh terhadap bonafiditas perusahaan/eksportir dan buyer/importer sebagai penerima atau penjual produk perikanan diluar negeri dan menghindari tuntutan ganti rugi (claims) dari pembeli baik buyer terhadap eksportir atau konsumen terhadap importir. Eksportir perlu mencermarti bahwa ada dua istilah Health Certificate (HC) dalam buku ini berdasarkan fungsi dan tujuan dari Health Certificate tersebut. Oleh karena itu berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan nomor 19 tahun 2010 tentang Pengendalian Jaminan Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan dinyatakan bahwa diperlukan upaya pencegahan yang perlu diperhatikan dan dilakukan sejak pra produksi 15
sampai dengan pendistribusian untuk menghasilkan hasil perikanan yang bermutu dan aman bagi kesehatan. Selanjutnya Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan memberikan kewenangan Badan Karantina Ikan dan Pengendalian Mutu Perikanan sebagai Otoritas Kompeten untuk melakukan pengendalian jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan. Kewenangan tersebut meliputi penerbitan: sertifikat CPIB, sertifikat CBIB sertifikat penerapan HACCP dan sertifikat kesehatan. Sedangkan apabila ada persyaratan tambahan lain oleh Negara importir yang mengharuskan atau meminta, maka perlu dilengkapi atau menyertakan Sertifikat Kesehatan/Health Certificate dalam rangka pencegahan/ pengujian hama dan penyakit ikan, dimana hal ini biasanya berlaku bagi produk ikan hidup, pakan, dll yang diekspor atau diimpor. Eksportir dapat menghubungi Stasiun Karantina, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan yang biasanya berlokasi di lingkungan Pelabuhan Umum atau Bandar Udara untuk mendapatkan sertifikat kesehatan dimaksud. Untuk penerbitan HC produk perikanan tujuan konsumsi manusia, eksportir dapat mengajukannya kepada LPPMHP yang mengeluarkan berdasarkan hasil uji sesuai 16
permintaan negara tujuan. 5. Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan Provinsi Dalam kegiatan ekspor produk perikanan peran Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan Provinsi adalah sebagai lembaga teknis untuk melakukan pembinaan teknis secara periodik terhadap eksportir produsen/pengolah dalam hal kelayakan dasar unit pengolahan ikan. 6. Direktorat Jenderal Pengolahan dan Pemasaran Hasil Perikanan Dalam sistem perdagangan internasional atau untuk dapat memasuki negara tujuan, maka berlaku persyaratan teknis yang disebut Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) yang kemudian dituangkan dalam Undang-Undang Pangan (Food Law) atau Regulation in Food Hygiene di masing-masing negara untuk memberikan jaminan mutu keamanan produk makanan/perikanan. Selanjutnya, masing-masing negara eksportir
membuat
instrumen
kebijakan/peraturan
berkenaan dengan sistem manajemen mutu dan keamanan pangan. Begitu juga halnya dengan Indonesia, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) juga mengeluarkan instrumen kebijakan Sistem Jaminan Mutu dan Keamanan 17
Hasil Perikanan dalam rangka mencapai harmonisasi dengan peraturan negara tujuan ekspor. Organisasi di lingkungan KKP yang memiliki Otoritas Kompeten (Competent Authority) dalam menerapkan sistem tersebut adalah Badan Karantina Ikan dan Pengendalian Mutu Hasil Perikanan (BKIPM). Tugas dan Fungsi yang berkaitan dengan penerapan Sistem Jaminan Mutu dan Keamanan Pangan tersebut adalah sebagai berikut: Melakukan penilikan/inspeksi (inspection) terhadap kelayakan dasar unit pengolahan ikan dalam hal Cara Berproduksi
Makanan
Yang
Baik
atau
Good
Manufacturing Practices (GMP), dan Prosedur Operasi Sanitasi Standar atau Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure (SSOP). Melakukan audit verifikasi terhadap penerapan Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP). Memberikan persetujuan (approval) kepada eksportir produsen/pengolah ikan untuk diusulkan kepada Komisi Eropa untuk memperolah Approval Number sebagai salah satu persyaratan ekspor ke Uni Eropa. Melakukan registrasi yang diperbolehkan ekspor hasil perikanan ke Tiongkok, Korea, Rusia, Kanada dan 18
Vietnam. Dalam implementasi sehari-hari, Badan Karantina Ikan dan Pengendalian Mutu Hasil Perikanan mendelegasikan tugas dan fungsi tersebut kapada Kepala Pusat Sertifikasi Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan. 7. Usaha Jasa Transportasi atau Freight Forwarder (Forwarding Agent) Barang-barang sebelum diekspor memerlukan pengepakan khusus yang sesuai ketentuan layak laut (seaworthy packing) dan diberi merk sesuai permintaan pembeli (trade marks/shipping marks) untuk memudahkan pembeli dalam mencari barang-barang itu di pelabuhan tujuan. Untuk mengurus pengepakan layak laut/layak udara (airworthy packing), memberi shipping marks, dan mencari gudang penyimpanan, eksportir biasanya menyerahkannya kepada badan usaha lain yang mengkhususkan diri untuk pekerjaan itu. Badan usaha itu lazimnya disebut: Usaha jasa Transportasi atau Freight Forwarder (Forwarding Agent) atau EMKL (Ekspedisi Muatan Kapal Laut), EMKU (Ekspedisi Muatan Kapal Udara), EMKA (Ekspedisi Muatan Kereta Api). 19
8. Bea dan Cukai Barang-barang, setelah dipersiapkan secara fisik untuk diekspor, diwajibkan memenuhi formalitas ekspor seperti membayar pajak ekspor dan pungutan negara lainnya seperti membuat dokumen pelindung ekspor sesuai ketentuan Undang-undang Kepabeanan, pengisian formulir Pemberitahuan Ekspor Barang (PEB) atau Pemberitahuan Ekspor Barang Tertentu (PEBT). Untuk menyeleasikan urusan ini kita harus berurusan dengan instansi pemerintah, dalam hal ini dengan instansi bea dan cukai. 9. Lembaga Sertifikasi Lain Dalam permintaan sertifikasi, eksportir perlu juga berpedoman pada permintaan kelengkapan sertifikat yang dipersyaratkan oleh buyer/importir yang tidak umum, dan dapat mengajukan sertifikasi kepada lembaga atau institusi lain yang mampu melakukan dengan beberapa alasan sebagai berikut: a. pengujian spesifik yang tidak dapat dilakukan oleh lembaga
sertifikasi
Kementerian
Kelautan
dan
Perikanan, GMO, sebagai contoh untuk produk canned snail, eksportir diminta untuk menyertakan sertifikat 20
GMO, apabila lembaga sertifikasi yang ditunjuk tidak dapat melakukan pengujian sesuai dengan permintaan, maka dapat mengajukan kepada lembaga sertifikasi lainnya. c. Untuk mengekspor hasil produk perikanan adakalanya suatu barang dijual dengan kuantum yang tepat, yang harus dibuktikan dengan sertifikat yang dikeluarkan oleh juru timbang yang disumpah (sworn weigher). Pekerjaan itu biasanya dilakukan oleh Independent Surveyor seperti PT. Sucofindo atau PT. Surveyor Indonesia 10. Perusahaan Asuransi Bila pembeli menginginkan barang ditawarkan atas dasar harga CIF, maka eksportir wajib menutup asuransi untuk barang itu. 11. Lembaga Promosi Dalam memasarkan suatu komoditas perikanan ke luar negeri, eksportir lazimnya membutuhkan bantuan lembaga-lembaga promosi untuk memperoleh informasi pasar.
Direktorat
Pemasaran
Luar
Negeri,
Ditjen
Pengolahan dan Pemasaran Hasil Perikanan memiliki Sub Direktorat Promosi dan Kerjasama Pemasaran Luar Negeri 21
dan Subdit Analisa dan Informasi Pasar Luar Negeri yang bekerjasama dengan Lembaga promosi yang didirikan oleh pemerintah, berbagai badan swasta, maupun asosiasi pengusaha yang juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan atau mengembangkan hasil perikanan Indonesia, adapun lembaga-lembaga atau institusi-institusi dimaksud antara lain: Badan Pengembangan Ekspor Nasional (BPEN) Atase Perdagangan di tiap KBRI Atase Perdagangan Kedutaan Asing CBI SIPPO Indonesia Trade Promotion Centre (ITPC) 12. Perusahaan pelayaran Salah satu kewajiban pokok dari eksportir adalah mengirimkan barang kepada pembeli di mancanegara. Tugas ini terpaksa diserahkan pada badan usaha lain yang lazimnya adalah perusahaan pelayaran (shipping company) atau angkutan udara (air freight cargo). 13. Dinas yang diberi kewenangan oleh Kementerian 22
Perdagangan Untuk mengurus kemudahan dan keringanan bea masuk bagi komoditas Indonesia yang diberikan oleh negara maju dalam rangka GSP (Generalized System of Preference) maka komoditi ekspor Indonesia memerlukan apa yang disebut Surat Keterangan Negara Asal (SKA) barang. SKA ini dapat diperoleh dari Dinas Perdagangan Provinsi yang diberi kewenangan oleh Kementerian Perdagangan. 14. Kedutaan Asing atau Atase Perdagangannya Peraturan di negara pengimpor mewajibkan eksportir mengirimkan faktur resmi yang lazim dikenal sebagai “Consuler Invoice” yaitu faktur yang disahkan oleh kedutaan negara pengimpor yang berada di negara pengekspor. Dengan demikian eksportir perlu pula berhubungan
dengan
kedutaan
asing
atau
atase
perdagangannya. Dengan menguraikan para pelaku seperti disebut di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa eksportir perlu bekerja sama dengan berbagai badan usaha dan instansi pemerintah. Hal ini berarti bahwa suksesnya pekerjaan ekspor sangat tergantung
pada
kemampuan
kita
dalam 23
mengkoordinasikan
semua
pelaku,
sehingga
dapat
melakukan tugasnya tepat waktu, efektif, dan efisian. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pekerjaan ekspor adalah pekerjaan suatu tim, suatu kesebelasan, kesebelasan eksportir nasional. Ekspor adalah tugas kolektif dan bukan tugas individual seorang eksportir. B. Dokumen
dalam
Perdagangan
Internasional
Hasil
Perikanan Kewajiban utama seorang eksportir adalah mengirimkan barang yang dipesan importir/pembeli di luar negeri. Pengiriman itu biasanya dilakukan dengan kapal laut atau kapal udara. Bukti pengiriman barang diberikan oleh perusahaan pelayaran (shipping company) dalam bentuk dokumen yang lazim disebut Letter of Credit atau L/C. Semua pelaku/ lembaga yang terlibat dalam suatu transaksi ekspor-impor membuktikan kinerjanya dalam bentuk dokumen. Karena itu perdagangan internasional juga sering disebut dengan “perdagangan dokumen.” Dengan demikian pengetahuan tentang perdagangan internasional dapat juga dilakukan melalui pengenalan tentang jenis dokumen, fungsi, serta para pelaku/ lembaga yang mengeluarkan dokumen itu. Jenis dokumen sebagai persyaratan ekspor dan lembaga yang menerbitkan dokumen tersebut dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut: 24
1. Produsen Kontrak Penjualan Manufacturer Certificate Instruktur Manual Brosur 2. Eksportir Brosur Offersheet Sale’s Contract Invoice Consular Invoice Packing List Weight Note – Measurement List Letter of Indemnity Letter of Subrogation Pemberitahuan Ekspor Barang (PEB) Pemberitahuan Ekspor Barang Tertentu 3. Bank Akad Kredit Letter of Credit Surat Setoran Pajak (SPP) 25
Surat Setoran Bea Cukai (SSBC) Nota Perhitungan Pembayaran Wesel Ekspor 4. Balai/Laboratorium Pembinaan dan Pengujian Mutu Hasil Perikanan Health Certificate atau Sertifikat Kesehatan produk perikanan ekspor untuk tujuan konsumsi manusia 5. Stasiun Karantina Health Certificate atau Sertifikat Kesehatan produk perikanan ekspor untuk hama dan penyakit ikan atau media pembawanya 6. Direktorat Jenderal Pengolahan dan Pemasaran Hasil Perikanan Sertifikat Kelayakan Pengolahan (SKP) Proses penerbitan SKP tersebut dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut : Eksportir produsen/pengolah/unit pengolahan ikan yang akan melakukan kegiatan ekspor produk perikanan harus memiliki Sertifikat Kelayakan Pengolahan (SKP).
SKP
merupakan dokumen yang menyatakan bahwa unit pengolahan tempat produk perikanan diolah telah memenuhi
standar
kelayakan
dasar
penanganan/
pengolahan ikan atau Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), 26
dan prosedur operasi sanitasi standar atau Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP). Dalam proses mendapatkan SKP, maka Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan Provinsi berkewajiban untuk melakukan kegiatan penilikan awal/pra inspeksi (pre inspection) atau Pra-SKP. Hal ini merupakan
pembinaan
terhadap
perusahaan/unit
pengolahan ikan sebelum institusi teknis yaitu Direktorat Pengolahan Hasil, Ditjen P2HP melakukan penilikan/ inspeksi SKP lebih lanjut. Sertifikat Kelayakan Pengolahan (SKP) merupakan salah satu persyaratan bagi unit pengolahan ikan/eksportir pengolah dalam memperoleh Health Certificate yang diterbitkan oleh LPPMHP. 7. Badan Karantina Ikan, Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan Surat Keterangan Audit Verifikasi penerapan HACCP Proses Penerbitan Sertifikat HACCP dan Approval Number tersebut dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut: Selain persyaratan SKP, maka eksportir produsen/ pengolah juga harus memiliki Surat Keterangan Validasi HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) apabila melakukan ekspor produk perikanan ke Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa dan Jepang. Khusus untuk ekspor ke Uni Eropa, China, Korea, Vietnam, 27
Russia dan Kanada, UPI harus didaftarkan dulu oleh Otoritas Kompeten Indonesia yakni Badan Karantina Ikan, Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan kepada Otoritas Kompeten negara tujuan ekspor tersebut sebelum melakukan ekspor hasil perikanan. 8.
Usaha Jasa Transportasi (Freight Forwarder) Packing List Measurement List Weight Note
9.
Bea dan Cukai Fiat (izin) muat barang
10. Independent Surveyor Certificate of Quality Certificate of Weight Chemical Analysis Survey Report Inspection Certificate Test Certificate 11. Perusahaan Asuransi Cover Note Insurance Policy 12. BPEN, CBI, SIPPO, dan ITPC 28
General Information Trade Promotion and Exibithion Trade Mission Trade Fairs Trade Consultation 13. Perusahaan Pelayaran (Shipping Company) (Carrier) Mate’s Receipt (Resi Mualim) Bill of lading Exept Bewijs (EB) Claims Constatering Bewijs (CCB) 14. Angkutan Udara Airways Bill (AWB) 15. Dinas Perdagangan Provinsi Kuota produk perikanan Surat Keterangan Negara Asal (SKA) atau Certificate of Origin Angka Pengenal Ekspor (APE) Angka Pengenal Impor Umum (API-U) Angka Pengenal Impor – Terdaftar (Approved Traders) 16. Kantor Pajak Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak (NPWP) 29
17. Kedutaan Negara Asing Consular Invoice Customs Invoice Dengan menguraikan para pelaku atau lembaga berwenang dan dokumen yang diterbitkannya, maka dapat kita pahami peranan masing-masing instansi dalam menunjang kegiatan ekspor. C. Proses Perdagangan Internasional Hasil Perikanan Setelah kita mengetahui para pelaku atau lembaga yang berwenang serta jenis-jenis dokumen yang diterbitkannya, maka kini kita coba menguraikan secara kronologis langkah-langkah yang diambil oleh masing-masing pelaku/lembaga tersebut. Untuk memudahkan memahaminya, keseluruhan proses itu dibagi menjadi 4 (empat), yaitu: a. Sale’s Contract Process b. Letter of Credit Opening Process c. Cargo Shipment Process d. Shipping Documents Negotiation Process
Dengan mempelajari keempat jenis proses itu kiranya kita akan dapat memahami garis-garis besar praktek dan seluk beluk perdagangan Internasional, khususnya kegiatan ekspor dan impor barang. Tugas dan Fungsi Institusi yang berperan dalam prosedur 30
Ekspor Perikanan berdasarkan urutan proses pengurusan dokumen dalam ekspor produk perikanan sebagai berikut: 1. Bank 2. Perusahaan Shipping (pelayaran samudera)/pengangkutan 3. Lembaga Penguji Mutu dan Sertifikasi Mutu 4. Bea Cukai 5. Dinas Perdagangan Provinsi 6. Kementerian Perdagangan 7. Kedutaan (Counsellor) 8. Surveyor 9. Agen Ekspor D. Persiapan Ekspor dan Kontrak Kegiatan ekspor dapat dibagi dalam dua kegiatan yaitu proses kegiatan di dalam negeri dan proses kegiatan diluar negeri : i.
Eksportir akan menerima order (pesanan) jenis produk perikanan dengan jumlah dan kualitas yang diingini oleh pembeli/buyer luar negeri.
ii.
Bank akan memberitahukan kepada eksportir bahwa pembeli atau buyer telah membuka suatu L/C untuk dan atas nama eksportir .
iii.
Eksportir menempatkan pesanan kepada leveransir maker pemilik
barang/produsen
(apabila
eksportir
sekaligus 31
produser maka eksportir dapat langsung mempersiapkan barang melalui manajer produksi di unit pengolahan). iv. Eksportir melakukan pengepakan barang untuk diekspor (seaworthy packing). Khusus untuk produk perikanan, dalam proses produksi sebelum produk disimpan pada umumnya sudah dipacking/atau dikemas. Apabila ada pesanan (order) maka dilakukan pengeluaran barang sekaligus pengepakan barang. Pada proses ini juga dilakukan pemeriksaan kode produksi dan lain-lain apabila dianggap perlu. v.
Eksportir memesan (booking) ruangan kapal
dan
mengeluarkan shipping order pada maskapai pelayaran. vi. Eksportir menyelesaikan semua formulir ekspor dengan semua instansi ekspor yang berwenang. vii. Eksportir menyelenggarakan pemuatan barang ke atas kapal, dengan atau tanpa mempergunakan perusahaan ekspedisi. viii. Eksportir mengurus bill of lading dengan maskapai pelayaran. ix. Eksportir menutup asuransi-laut dengan maskapai asuransi x.
Menyiapkan faktur dan dokumen-dokumen pengapalan lainnya.
xi. Mengurus consular-invoice dengan trade councelor kedutaan Negara importir. xii. Menarik wesel kepada opening bank dan menerima hasilnya dari negotiating bank. 32
xiii. Negotiating bank mengirimkan shipping documents kepada principalnya negara importir. xiv. Eksportir mengirimkan shipping-advice dan copy shipping documents kepada importir. E. Prosedur Ekspor Secara Umum Prosedur ekspor barang secara umum dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut: 1.
Eksportir dan Importir mengadakan korespondesi/negosiasi. Apabila terjadi kesepakatan dibuat kontrak dagang (sales contract).
2.
Importir mengajukan permohonan pembukaan L/C kepada Opening Bank di Luar Negeri.
3.
Opening Bank meneruskan L/C kepada Eksportir melalui Correspondent/Receiving Bank di Indonesia.
4.
Correpondent/Receiving Bank meneruskan/memberitahukan L/C kepada Eksportir.
5.
Eksportir melakukan produksi dan penyiapan barang ekspor.
6.
Eksportir menghubungi maskapai pelayaran/penerbangan untuk pelaksanaan pengiriman barang.
7.
Apabila barang sudah siap ekspor, dan ada kepastian jadwal pengapalan, Eksportir mendaftarkan Pemberitahuan Ekspor Barang (PEB) di instansi Bea & Cukai di pelabuhan muat. 33
Pihak Bea & Cukai akan memfiat muat PEB untuk pemuatan ke atas kapal. 8.
Kegiatan pemuatan barang ke kapal. Apabila Importir mewajibkan barang ekspor harus disertai SKA, maka Eksportir mengurus dokumen Surat Keterangan Asal atau SKA (Certificate of Origin) pada Instansi Penerbit SKA dengan melampirkan dokumen-dokumen : foto copy PEB yang telah di fiat muat Bea & Cukai dan foto copy B/L. Adapun Instansi Penerbit SKA adalah :
9.
a)
Dinas Perdagangan Provinsi
b)
Dinas Perdagangan Kabupaten
c)
KBN
d)
SPOPDI di Pulau Batam
Eksportir melakukan negosiasi L/C kepada Correspondent/ Receiving Bank, dengan membawa B/L negotiable, PEB yang difiat muat Bea & Cukai serta dokumen-dokumen lain yang disyaratkan dalam L/C.
10. Correspondent/Receiving Bank mengirim dokumen-dokumen tersebut pada butir 8 dan melakukan penagihan L/C kepada Opening Bank di Luar Negeri. 11. Opening Bank menyerahkan dokumen tersebut pada butir 8 kepada Importir untuk keperluan pengurusan pengeluaran barang dari pelabuhan serta penyelesaian kewajiban/ tagihan 34
oleh Importir. 12. Importir melaksanakan pengeluaran barang dari pelabuhan di dalam negeri
Diagram 1 : Prosedur ekspor barang (DEPDAG, 2006) F. Prosedur Ekspor Hasil Perikanan Perlu dibedakan persyaratan ekspor produk perikanan dalam dua macam yaitu produk ekspor perikanan sebagai komoditi 35
perikanan yang tunduk terhadap persyaratan administrasi perdagangan internasional dan produk ekspor perikanan sebagai komoditi perikanan yang memiliki persyaratan khusus terkait pemenuhan aturan teknis sebagai produk dengan tujuan untuk konsumsi manusia. Aspek persyaratan teknis perlu diketahui oleh para pelaku usaha sehingga buku ini secara tidak langsung memberi gambaran penerapan Code of Conduct Responsible Fisheries. Petunjuk ini membuka rasa memiliki dimana pelaku usaha perikanan tidak sekedar menjadi trader tetapi sebagai provider atau supplier atau producer yang berbasis produksi dengan orientasi pemasaran. Alur prosedur dan persyaratan dokumen pendukung untuk keperluan ekspor hasil perikanan dapat digambarkan pada diagram 2 dibawah ini.
36
Diagram 2. Alur Proses Ekspor Hasil Perikanan
• • •
• • •
IUP dan SIPI (DKP) ABK Asing (Kemnaker) Ijin Kapal, dll (Kemhub)
•
Penangkapan/ Pembudidayaa n
• •
IUP (Provinsi) PMA dan Tenaga Kerja Asing (Pusat)
• • • • • • • •
CITES (Kemhut) IUP (Pemda dan Kemdag) SKA (Dinas Perdagangan/Kemdag) PEB (Bea Cukai - Kemkeu)
Eksportir Agen (Cargo/Forwarder) Eksportir Pedagang (Trader) Eksportir Produsen/ Pengolah
Ekspor
Good Manufacturing Practices/SKP (Ditjen P2HP – KKP) HACCP-based Integrated Quality Management Programme (BKIPM – KKP) Approval Number (BKIPM – KKP, khusus Eropa) Health Certificate (Lab yang ditunjuk) DS 2031 (CA, khusus USA) HC Bebas HPIK (Pusat Karantina Ikan, KKP) CDS untuk Southern Bluefin Tuna (Pelabuhan Perikanan yang telah ditunjuk oleh Dirjen PT, KKP) Sertifikat Hasil Tangkapan Ikan, untuk produk ke UE (Pelabuhan Perikanan yang telah ditunjuk oleh Dirjen PT, KKP)
37
IX. PROFIL PASAR KERAJAAN BELGIA
Kerajaaan Belgia merupakan salah satu anggota Uni Eropa sejak 1995 Peraturan-peraturan tentang keamanan pangan di Belgia telah diharmonisasikan ke dalam European Common Policy sehingga peraturan keamanan pangan yang berlaku di Belgia merupakan bagian dari kebijakan Komisi Eropa. Komisi Eropa memiliki kebijakan dalam memenuhi konsumsi produk perikanan atau bahan makanan berbasis pada perlindungan konsumen (consumer protection) tingkat tinggi, dengan memperhatikan 5 (lima) komponen kebijakan umum dalam impor produk perikanan. Sehingga hal ini perlu diketahui oleh eksportir Indonesia bahwa 5 hal ini membuka peluang produk perikanan Indonesia dan eksportir dapat memanfaatkan ruang dari parameter ini, dalam mengambil langkah akses pasar Uni Eropa. Kelima komponen tersebut dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut: Standard Pemasaran dan Informasi Konsumen untuk kesegaran produk, mutu, ukuran (grades), pengepakan (packaging) dan pengemasan (labeling) untuk produksi domestik maupun import (ada kesamaan yang tidak jauh berbeda). Organisasi dari eksportir/Produsen/Producers' organization (associations to which fishermen belong on a voluntary basis), officially recognized), nelayan, produsen dan pemerintah berkepentingan membantu menstabilkan gejolak pasar (stabilize markets fluctuations). Peran dari masing-masing stakeholder untuk memproteksi nelayan dari perubahan supply ke demand, juga untuk meningkatkan mutu dan untuk 38
memastikan batasan atau kuota penangkapan. Interbranch Organizations and Agreements bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi dalam menggabungkan keseluruhan sektor baik dari eksportir maupun konsumen (from the producer to the consumer). Harga dan Intervensi harga (Prices and Intervention) semua jenis ikan tidak bisa dijual sebelum ditetapkan harganya. Dukungan biaya yang cukup yang dimiliki oleh produser untuk menarik kembali produk di pasar ketika harga jatuh. Produk dapat disimpan untuk dijual ketika pasar meningkat. Perdagangan dengan Negara ketiga (Trade with third countries), hal ini dilakukan untuk menjamin kecukupan supply untuk pasar masyarakat Eropa (Community market) terhadap bahan baku (raw material) yang diperuntukan untuk industri pengolahan diantara intended for the processing industry (tarriffs, customs duties, autonomous quotas). Prinsip peraturan yang ada adalah menjamin keamanan ikan dan seafood yang diimpor ke Uni Eropa yang dinyatakan oleh otoritas kontrol yang berkompeten pada negara ke-3 yang mengekspor ke Uni Eropa. Uni Eropa mendelegasikan kontrol keamanan pangan ini kepada Otoritas Kompeten (Competent Authority) yang berkompeten pada setiap negara yang pada gilirannya menjamin bahwa ekspor dari usaha perikanan budidaya, usaha perikanan tangkap/kapal ikan dan usaha pengolahan menghasilkan produk pangan yang aman untuk dikonsumsi, dan memiliki sistem yang ekuivalen (kesamaan sistem) dengan regulasi di Uni Eropa. Undang-undang nasional di masing-masing negara pengekspor diharmonisasikan dengan standar dan persyaratan di Uni Eropa. 39
Jika Undang-undang dari negara ketiga telah diharmonisasi dan sistem untuk memonitor dan melakukan pengendalian terhadap perusahaan perikanan dan produk ikan serta kapal perikanan sudah dianggap sama, negara pengekspor disetujui untuk melakukan ekspor ke Uni Eropa. Perusahaan secara individual dicek oleh Competent Authority dan jika dianggap memenuhi syarat maka didaftarkan sebagai perusahaan yang disetujui dalam daftar nasional dengan nomor persetujuan (Approval Number). Daftar ini disampaikan ke Komisi Eropa yang memberikan informasi kepada publik melalui websitenya dan dokumen publik lainnya. Ini disebut dengan List of Authorized Countries. Dalam hal persyaratan sertifikasi dari negara pengekspor, Uni Eropa mengoperasikan sistem pengendalian di perbatasan/pelabuhan masuk untuk menguji secara teratur bahwa persyaratan Uni Eropa dilaksanakan secara efektif oleh negara pengekspor. Selama beberapa tahun terakhir, Uni Eropa sudah menyusun kembali regulasi yang berkaitan dengan higiene makanan dan menempatkan aturan kesehatan khusus pakan untuk hewan. Peraturan Komisi Eropa 178/2002 adalah jangkauan yang sangat luas, yang menetapkan prinsip umum dan persyaratan dari Undang-undang Pangan, menempatkan prosedur keamanan pangan dan menetapkan struktur dan peran European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Peraturan tersebut juga mencakup konsep dasar dari kesamaan atau ekuivalensi (equivalence) dan ketertelusuran (traceability). Peraturan tersebut diterapkan pada seluruh tahapan dari produksi, pengolahan dan distribusi pangan dan pakan hewan, menetapkan prinsip dasar pendekatan dari “lahan budidaya ke 40
meja” (from farm to table). Ini menempatkan prinsip umum dari Undang-undang pangan, termasuk analisis resiko, precautionary principle (prinsip kehati-hatian) dan perlindungan kepentingan konsumen dan juga kewajiban umum dari badan berbeda dalam rantai pangan dan pertanggungjawaban mereka berikutnya. Peraturan ini juga menempatkan persyaratan peraturan yang transparan/jelas (untuk akses informasi publik), sistem analisis data, rapid alert system (sistem peringatan dini) dan penetapan kerangka kerja organisasi termasuk audit dan sistem kontrol yang dapat diterapkan pada EFSA. Fungsi EFSA adalah untuk memberikan saran teknis dan ilmiah yang independen kepada Uni Eropa dalam membuat kebijakan dan legislasi dalam area keamanan pangan dan area yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan tanaman, kesehatan hewan dan perlindungan lingkungan. Peraturan ini juga menyatakan bahwa negara ketiga dengan negara Uni Eropa sudah menandatangani Perjanjian yang mungkin akan berpartisipasi dalam EFSA. Salah satu pengembangan berkenaan dengan konsep “kesamaan” (Pasal 1123). Peraturan tersebut direvisi sebagai bagian dari tinjauan Undang-Undang Pangan dan menggambarkan Pasal 11 dari Instruksi 91/493 (pada ikan dan produk perikanan). Dalam revisi ini, dalam keadaan dimana suatu negara tidak mungkin memiliki fasilitas sendiri, wewenang Uni Eropa mungkin sebagai penerima sertifikat kesehatan yang “sama” yang dikeluarkan oleh badan yang dapat diterima di negara lainnya. Dalam hal kuota yang paling banyak adalah Namibia, yang bisa dijamin oleh badan sertifikasi kesehatan Afrika Selatan dan 41
Selandia Baru yang bisa dijamin penetapannya di Kepulauan Pasifik tertentu. Keputusan Komisi Eropa 2004/359/EC tanggal 13 April 2004 merubah Keputusan 97/296/EC menjelaskan daftar negara-negara ke-3 yang mengimpor produk perikanan bagi konsumsi manusia yang disahkan oleh Komisi Eropa. (1) Pengesahan hanya untuk impor udang karang hidup (Astacus leptodactylus) yang diperuntukkan bagi konsumsi langsung manusia. (2) Pengesahan hanya untuk impor ikan segar. (3) Pengesahan hanya untuk impor telur ikan. (4) Pengesahan hanya untuk impor produk perikanan yang ditangkap, beku dan dikemas dalam pengemasan akhir di laut. (5) Pengesahan hanya untuk impor hewan hidup yang dimaksudkan untuk konsumsi manusia. Peraturan baru EC/853/2004, menempatkan persyaratan kesehatan makanan untuk produk yang berasal dari hewan, mencakup sistem dan prosedur HACCP. Aturan baru ini memberikan tanggung jawab pada produsen pangan utama untuk keamanan pangan melalui pengecekan sendiri dan teknik pengendalian terhadap bahaya. Hal ini memadukan 16 Instruksi spesifik produk yang ada dan Instruksi 93/43 menuju "Food Hygienic Package"/Pengemasan higienis makanan baru. Tiga peraturan ini meliputi kesehatan umum dari bahan makanan, kesehatan makanan dari asal hewan dan kontrol resmi pada produk dari asal hewan (dimaksudkan bagi konsumsi manusia). Empat bagian dari pengemasan (aturan kesehatan hewan bagi produk untuk asal hewan) berlaku sejak 1 Januari 2006 dan akan 42
memperkuat persyaratan kesehatan hewan baik di dalam komunitas maupun untuk impor. Bagian terakhir dari kemasan akan menghilangkan sejumlah besar peraturan sebelumnya dari buku anggaran dasar. Tabel. Peraturan dan petunjuk baru Uni Eropa tentang higienis dan pengepakan pangan Pengemasan
Peraturan/Petunjuk
Mencakup
Higienis 1
Peraturan Komisi Eropa 852/2004 tentang Bahan Makanan yang higienis
Persyaratan umum produksi primer, persyaratan teknis, HACCP, pendaftaran/pengakuan usaha makanan, petunjuk nasional untuk praktek yang baik.
Higienis 2
Peraturan Komisi Eropa Aturan higenis yang 853/2004 yang menempatkan spesifik untuk makanan aturan Higienis yang spesifik dari asal hewan (pengakuan dari perusahaan, kesehatan dan identifikasi penandaan, impor, informasi rantai pangan)
Higienis 3
Peraturan Komisi Eropa 854/2004 menempatkan aturan spesifik untuk organisasi kontrol resmi terhadap produk hewan asal
Aturan secara rinci untuk organisasi dari kontrol resmi pada produk asal hewan (metode untuk menguji kepatuhan dengan Higenis 1 & 2 dan hewan 43
yang dimaksudkan untuk konsumsi manusia.
dengan peraturan produk 1774/2002)
Higienis 4
Peraturan Komisi Eropa Sertifikasi hewan, sesuai 882/04 menempatkan aturan dengan aturan Uni Eropa. kesehatan berkenaan dengan produksi, pengolahan, penyaluran dan pemasukan produk dari asal hewan.
Higienis 5
Parlemen Eropa dan Petunjuk Dewan 2004/41/EC yang mencabut 17 Petunjuk yang ada
Pengawasan di Pelabuhan Masuk atau Port Entry (Border Control) Para eksportir perlu mengetahui bagaimana proses pengawasan produk yang masuk ke pasar Uni Eropa, hal ini agar para eksportir dapat melakukan perkiraan waktu berangkat dan tiba, biaya penundaan dan pemeriksaan, dan lain-lain. Pada prinsipnya pengecekan ini sesuai dengan Directive 97/78, dan pemeriksaaan pengapalan (Inspections of consignments) yang berasal dari Negara ketiga harus dilakukan pada semua pengapalan (all consignments) pada saat pertama kali masuk ke wilayah Uni Eropa (E.U. territory) dan diperbolehkan oleh pos pengawasan perbatasan/pintu masuk (approved border inspection posts). Aturan Komisi Eropa 97/78/EC tanggal 18 December 1997 menempatkan prinsip yang berkaitan dengan organisasi pengujian hewan terhadap produk yang masuk ke Uni Eropa dari negara ke3. Di bawah pemeriksaan yang sangat teliti dengan pengawasan 44
dari Komisi Eropa, aturan ini akan berlaku jika secara sangat spesifik ditujukan kepada organisasi pengawasan resmi yang memeriksa pakan dan makanan yang berasal dari hewan. Aturan ini mensyaratkan bahwa semua produk asal hewan yang diimpor menuju Uni Eropa dari negara-negara ketiga harus diuji pada Border Inspection Post (BIP), tempat pemeriksaan di pelabuhan masuk/perbatasan yang diakui untuk melakukan pengujian sesuai dengan legislasi Uni Eropa. Selama perluasan Uni Eropa, terdapat 278 BIP yang dioperasikan oleh otoritas nasional (Tabel 9.2.). Tempat ini merupakan titik pertama kontak dengan Uni Eropa. Sebagian besar pelabuhan laut dan udara, jalan atau kereta api berlokasi khususnya di pinggiran sebelah timur Uni Eropa. Pada tanggal 1 Mei 2004, 37 BIP baru diakui dari sepuluh negara anggota baru. Pada saat yang sama beberapa BIP di Italia, Jerman dan Austria menghilang, kebanyakan BIP jalan dan kereta api. Tabel 9.2 menunjukkan status BIP di Uni Eropa. Pengecekan di Border Inspection Post (BIP) Di BIP ini, ada tiga tipe utama dari pengecekan hewan atau produk makanan/perikanan pada keseluruhan pengiriman, dokumentasi, identitas dan secara fisik. 1. Dokumentasi Pengecekan dokumentasi dilaksanakan pada keseluruhan pengiriman. Ini berkaitan dengan pengecekan dokumentasi hewan yang tepat (termasuk sertifikat kesehatan) yang ada dan sudah dilengkapi secara tepat. 45
Tabel 9.3. Tempat-tempat pemeriksaan di BIP di Uni Eropa sesudah Mei 2004 Negara
Nomor tempat tempat pemeriksaan Pelabuhan laut
Kereta Jalan
Pelabuhan udara
Total
Austria
-
6
10
2
18
Austria (sesudah Mei)
-
1
2
2
5
Belgium
4
-
-
4
8
Cyprus
1*
-
-
1
2*
Czech Republic
-
-
-
1*
1*
Denmark
11
-
-
2
13
Estonia
2*
-
1
-
3*
Finland
2
-
2
1
5
France
15
-
3
16
34
9
3
10
10
32
8*
1
2
10
21
Greece
2
3
6
2
13
Hungary
-
-
4
1*
5*
Ireland
1
-
-
2
3
17
2
4
15
38
1
Germany Germany (after May 1)
Italy
46
Italy (after May 1)
17
2
2
15
36
-
-
2
-
2
3*
3*
5*
1*
12*
Luxembourg
-
-
-
1
1
Malta
-
-
-
1
1
Netherlands
6
-
-
2
8
Poland
3*
-
4*
1*
8*
Portugal
10
-
-
5
15
Slovakia
-
1*
1
-
2*
Slovenia
-
-
1
-
1
Spain
21
-
-
19
40
Sweden
5*
-
-
3
8
United Kingdom
22*
-
-
9
31
133
11
35
99
278
Latvia Lithuania
Sumber: Keputusan Komisi 2003/831/EC (EU15) dan Keputusan Komisi 2004/273 (EU baru10). * ini adalah gambaran baru dari draft Keputusan Komisi yang memperbaharui jumlah yang dipublikasikan dalam Keputusan Komisi 2004/273 dan untuk kesempurnaan. Negara-negara dalam tulisan miring adalah pendatang baru Uni Eropa.
47
2. Identitas Setiap pengiriman ditujukan untuk pengecekan identitas untuk menguji bahwa pengiriman sesuai dengan apa yang digambarkan dalam dokumen (Tabel 9.3) dan pengecekan tanda sehat yang menunjukkan secara khusus identitas negara dan perusahan yang bersangkutan.
Tabel Pengecekan pengiriman pada tempat perbatasan/pelabuhan masuk di Uni Eropa Pengiriman yang tidak mencapai kontainer
Pengecekan pada beberapa kemasan untuk menjamin bahwa materai, tanda resmi dan tanda sehat menunjukkan negara tersebut dan perusahaan asal ada dan sesuai dengan sertifikat atau dokumen.
Pengiriman yang tiba pada kontainer dengan cap resmi
Pengecekan dokumen dan identitas untuk semua pengiriman. Beberapa mungkin membutuhkan untuk tidak dibuka untuk melengkapi identitas pengecekan yang diberikan oleh cap resmi yang sudah digunakan oleh negara pengirim dan jumlah cap tercatat jelas dalam sertifikasi hewan resmi.
Pengiriman yang tiba pada kontainer dengan tidak ada cap resmi
Jika cap resmi sudah tidak digunakan,atau ada keraguan apakah jumlah cap dicatat oleh petugas hewan yang syah, kontainer akan dapat dibuka dan pengecekan dilakukan pada kemasan untuk menjamin bahwa matere, tanda sehat dan tanda-tanda lainnya menunjukkan negara tersebut dan perusahaan asal ada dan sesuai dengan sertifikat atau dokumen. 48
3. Fisik Pada prinsipnya, pengecekan fisik diperlukan atas seluruh pengiriman. Bagaimanapun, untuk mayoritas produk dimana aturan impor diselaraskan secara penuh, pengecekan fisiknya dilaksanakan pada persentase pengiriman. Persentase bervariasi sesuai dengan produk dan negara asal (Tabel 5). Pengecekan fisik melibatkan pemeriksaan kandungan dari pengiriman untuk menjamin bahwa tidak ada resiko bagi kesehatan publik atau hewan atau kerusakan mutu. Ini mungkin juga melibatkan pengambilan sampel bagi uji laboratorium. Tabel Kesimpulan dari pengecekan fisik di BIP (Dec 94/360/EC) Kategori I - 20 % dari Pengiriman pada: Produk ikan dalam kontainer yang dipateri/ditutup rapat rapat (TABEL pada suhu jenuh), ikan segar/beku, produk produk perikanan kering/diasinkan Kategori II - 50 % dari pengiriman untuk: Produk perikanan lainnya selain dalam Kategori I dan kerang kerangan bivalve Kategori III - minimum 1 % - maximum 10 % dari semua pengiriman untuk: Tidak ada produk perikanan dalam kategori ini.
Pengecekan fisik pada produk dari hewan dikategorikan produk hewan yang diimpor dan tingkat sampel yang dibutuhkan. Beberapa negara memiliki pengaturan khusus dengan Uni Eropa. Tabel 9.4. menyimpulkan situasi untuk ikan dan produk terkait. 49
Beberapa negara yang sebagai contoh ada dalam pengecualian, pengecekan hewan tidak disyaratkan bagi produk perikanan dari Iceland dan tidak selalu disyaratkan untuk produk hewan apapun dari Norwegia dan Kepulauan Faroe. Sebagai hasil pengecekan tersebut, pengiriman mungkin dikirim untuk pengujian lebih lanjut. Keputusan profesional dari para pemeriksa akan menunjukkan pengujian yang dilaksanakan, sebagai contoh: histamin dan logam berat untuk tuna, bakteri khusus yang bervariasi untuk varietas dari produk yang beresiko, atau residu antibiotika dan malachite green untuk ikan yang dibudidayakan. Uji yang bukan menurut Undang-undang bagi residu juga dilaksanakan secara periodik untuk kimiawi seperti obat-obatan hewan. Ada juga aturan umum pengambilan sampel secara acak sebanyak 1-5 %. Hal ini khusus untuk analisis organisme indikator seperti E. coli dan faecal coliforms daripada uji yang lebih spesifik seperti yang sudah disebutkan. Saat ini, sampel ditujukan bagi panca indera (organoleptik), kimiawi (histamine, mercury, Total Volatile Bases TVB-N, dll.) atau biologi (total tumbuhan, organisme indikator, parasit, dll.). Sebagian besar standar dan kriteria pengujian microbiologi masih belum diharmonisasikan diantara anggota Uni Eropa kecuali untuk ikan dan produk perikanan berikut ini: Salmonella dan E. coli dalam kerang-kerangan bivalva hidup, echinodermata, tunicates dan gastropoda; RNA bacteriophages dalam kerang-kerangan bivalva hidup, dan Salmonella, S. aureus, E. coli dan Vibrio parahaemolyticus dalam krustacea/udang yang dimasak dan kekerangan/mollusca (Keputusan 93/51/EEC dan Instruksi 91/492). Akibatnya beberapa negara anggota Uni Eropa menggunakan kriteria mikrobiologi yang berbeda untuk seafood 50
lainnya, yang menciptakan kebingungan diantara para eksportir yang mana standar atau kriteria untuk diikuti. Legislasi selanjutnya yang masih dibahas dan saat ini dalam bentuk draft diperkirakan mengatasi masalah ini. Sekali masalah pengiriman teridentifikasi di perbatasan, negara anggota memiliki kewajiban untuk memberitahukan seluruh anggota lainnya penyebab permasalahan tersebut melalui Rapid Alert System/sistem peringatan dini dari Uni Eropa. 2. Rapid Alert System (Sistem Peringatan Dini) Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) untuk makanan dan pakan semula ditetapkan menurut Pasal 8 dari Instruksi 92/59/EEC (diganti dengan Instruksi 2001/95), instruksi tersebut tentang keamanan produk secara umum. Produk-produk dalam hal ini mencakup “semua produk mencakup konteks penyediaan jasa yang dimaksudkan bagi konsumen...” sehingga Instruksi ini jauh lebih luas daripada makanan dan pakan. Instruksi ini menyediakan prosedur yang memberitahukan negara anggota Uni Eropa saat produk mengalami resiko serius bagi kesehatan dan keamanan konsumen. Saat peraturan 178/2002, yang menempatkan prinsip dan persyaratan umum dari Undang-Undang Pangan menetapkan European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) dan menempatkan prosedur untuk bahan keamanan pangan yang diberlakukan, prosedur pangan mencakup Pasal 8 Instruksi Keamanan Produk secara umum berhenti digunakan dan sebagai gantinya disebut dengan Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). Basis legal dari RASFF ditemukan dalam Pasal 50 dari peraturan 178/2002/EC. Basis legal baru ini mengembangkan Rapid Alert 51
System untuk makanan yang mencakup pakan hewan dan jaringan tempat pemeriksaan di pelabuhan masuk/perbatasan. Pada dasarnya, tujuan RASFF adalah memberikan wewenang kontrol kepada Uni Eropa dengan suatu cara efektif untuk pertukaran informasi tepat waktu pada tindakan yang diambil untuk menjamin keamanan pangan. RASFF adalah jaringan yang efekif dari otoritas negara anggota Uni Eropa yang bersangkutan, dan juga mencakup negara-negara lainnya seperti negara-negara EFTA/EEA. Kapanpun anggota jaringan memiliki informasi yang berkaitan dengan keberadaan resiko langsung maupun tidak langsung yang serius bagi kesehatan manusia, informasi ini secepatnya diberitahukan pada Komisi dibawah RASFF. Komisi segera menyampaikan informasi ini kepada anggota dari jaringan. Pada dasarnya negara anggota dengan secepatnya memberitahukan Komisi dibawah Rapid Alert System, untuk: (a) setiap tindakan yang mereka gunakan bertujuan untuk membatasi tempat pasar atau memaksa meninggalkan pasar atau penarikan kembali pangan atau pakan untuk melindungi kesehatan manusia dan mensyaratkan tindakan segera.; (b) setiap rekomendasi atau perjanjian dengan operator profesional pada basis sukarela atau wajib pada pencegahan, pembatasan atau pemberlakuan kondisi khusus pada penempatan pasar atau penggunaan akhir dari pangan dan pakan yang menimbulkan resiko serius bagi kesehatan manusia menyaratkan tindakan segera; (c) setiap penolakan yang berhubungan dengan resiko kesehatan manusia langsung maupun tidak langsung dari sejumlah kontainer atau kargo pangan atau pakan oleh 52
otoritas kompeten yang berwenang pada tempat perbatasan di Uni Eropa. Pemberitahuan selanjutnya adalah yang disebut Information Notifications. Pemberitahuan informasi ini mengenai pangan dan pakan yang resikonya sudah diketahui, tetapi bagi anggota lainnya dari jaringan tidak harus mengambil tindakan cepat karena produk sudah tidak mencapai pasar mereka. Pemberitahuan ini sebagian besar mengenai pengiriman pangan dan pakan yang sudah diuji dan ditolak pada batasan eksternal dari Uni Eropa. Produk-produk ditujukan untuk pemberitahuan informasi yang sudah tidak mencapai pasar atau seluruh langkahlangkah yang perlu sudah diambil. RASFF juga mengeluarkan Alert Notifications. Ini disampaikan saat pangan dan pakan menghadirkan resiko yang sudah ada di pasar dan dibutuhkan tindakan segera. Sinyal digerakkan oleh negara anggota yang mendeteksi masalah dan sudah memulai langkah yang sesuai seperti penarikan/pemanggilan kembali. Pada taggal 26 Mei 2003 Uni Eropa mulai menyampaikan laporan internet mingguan dengan informasi tentang seluruh pemberitahuan dari Rapid Alert System. 3. Peraturan – Peraturan yang berkaitan dengan Impor Produk Perikanan di Uni Eropa Landasan utama peraturan Uni Eropa dalam menangani produk perikanan tertuang dalam Council Directive 91/493/EEC yang khusus mengatur tentang produk perikanan baik peraturan bagi negara anggota (Member States) Uni Eropa dan juga terhadap Negara ketiga (yang bukan Uni Eropa atau bukan produk 53
Uni Eropa) atau Approved Countries. Beberapa peraturan impor bahan pangan, peraturan pangan termasuk produk perikanan di Uni Eropa adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Commission Regulation EC 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuff 2. EC 178/2002 on General principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European food safety authority and laying down procedures in mattres of food safety 3. EC 882/2004 on official control performed to ensure the verification of compliance with feed and food law animal health and animal welfare rules 4. EC No.2074/2005 laying down implementing measure for certain products under regulation (EC No. 853/2004, 854/2004, 882/2004, 852/2004 5. Regulation 2377-90 on maximum residue limits 6. Regulation No.853/2004 on specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin 7. EC No.466/2001 “setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuff (Heavy metals). 8. EC No.2073/2005 on microbiological Criteria for foodstuff. Semua Peraturan Uni Eropa (EU Regulations) dapat diakses melalui website: www.europa.eu.int Selain itu beberapa peraturan yang dikembangkan diuraikan sebagai berikut : 1. Directive 92/48 concerning minimum hygiene rules on board fishing vessels; 2. Decision 94/356 to implement an own-check system (HACCP); 54
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Decision 93/140 concerning parasites (visual inspection, nondestructive method); Decision 93/351 concerning the maximum level of mercury; Directive 95/71/EC modifying the annex of the Directive 91/493; Decision 95/149 fixing TVB-N level for certain species; Decision 93/51 fixing microbiological criteria for cooked crustaceans and molluscs; Regulation 2001/466/EC setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs, last amended by Commission Regulations 2001/2375/EC and 2002/221/EC; Directive 2001/22/EC laying down the sampling methods and the methods of analyzing for the official control of the level of lead, cadmiun, mercury and 3-MCPD in foodstuffs; Directive 2001/13/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs; Decision 2001/183/EC laying down the sampling plans and diagnostic methods for the detection and confirmation of certain fish diseases and repealing Decision 92/532. Commission Decision 2002/225/EC laying down detailed rules for the implementation of Council Directive 91/492/CEE as regards the maximum level and the methods of analysis of ertain marine biotoxins in bivalve molluscs, echinoderms, tunicates and marine gastropods. Commission Decision 2002/226/EC establishing special health checks for the harvesting and processing of certain bivalve molluscs with a level of Amnesic Shellfish Poison (ASP) exceeding the limits laid down by Council Directive 55
91/492/CEE. 14. Commission Regulation 2001/2065/EC laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation 104/2000/EC as regards informing consumers about fishery and aquaculture products. Kewajiban dari pengolah, buyer dan competent authority dari negara pengekspor yang akan melakukan ekspor produk perikanan ke Uni Eropa dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut : a) Pengolah (Unit Pengolahan/perusahaan/eksportir) harus menerapkan dan memantau kegiatan pengolahan berdasarkan: rticle 3 sampai 6 dari EC 852/2004, secara umum kewajiban bagi perusahaan untuk mengawasi atau memonitor keamanan pangan produk dan proses pengolahan yang menjadi tanggung jawabnya Menerapkan keadaan umum hygienic primary production article 4.1 dan PART A annex I dari EC 852/2004 Menerapkan persyaratan detail (detail requirements) setelah primary production (article 4.2 dan Annex II EC 852/2004) Persyaratan Mikrobilogi pada Article 4.3 EC 852/2004 dan EC No.2073/2005 Menerapkan prosedur prinsip-prinsip HACCP (article 5 dari EC 852/2004) Unit pengolahan harus teregistrasi sesuai article 6 dari EC 852/2004 b) Buyer/Importer (food business operators importing products) melaksanakan pengawasan sesuai dengan persyaratan EC 56
853/2004, dan harus menjamin bahwa produk-produk tersebut : Berasal dari negara ketiga atau dari wilayah dari negara ketiga yang sudah terdaftar di Uni Eropa. Berasal juga dari unit pengolahan/perusahaan yang terdaftar atau memiliki approval number. Telah memiliki dan menerapkan sistem penanganan dan pengolahan yang sehat atau identitas lainnya yang baik (health or identification mark) Sistem dan persyaratan kesehatan dalam praktek penanganan dan pengolahan dibuktikan dengan sertifikat kesehatan yang diterbitkan oleh Competent Authority dari negara ketiga. Produk dan dokumen dapat diperiksa di border inspection posts Menerapkan persyaratan kesehatan (health requirement) sesuai Directive 2002/99/EC. c) Pemerintah (Competent Authority) di negara pengekspor Competent Authority melakukan pengawasan (Official Control) yang memenuhi kriteria yang tercantum dalam EC 882/2004 Competent Authority mengawasi perusahaan yang diberi kewenangan untuk ekspor ke Uni Eropa agar tetap memenuhi European Community Requirements Competent Authority mempertahankan, memperbaharui dan selanjutnya mengkomunikasikan kepada Komisi Eropa mengenai perusahaan yang memenuhi atau tidak lagi memenuhi European Community Requirements. 57
Competent Authority melakukan ini sesuai dengan Article 12 paragraf 2 EC 854/2004 Sertifikat-sertifikat yang dipersyaratkan harus diterbitkan sebelum pengapalan atau meninggalkan pelabuhan. Tahapan pengawasan hasil perikanan yang masuk (impor) ke Republik Belgia sebagai berikut: 1. Competent Authority negara pengirim menghubungi Komisi Eropa untuk memohon persetujuan Approval Number of Fisheries Establishments atau perusahaan/eksportir hasil perikanan. 2. Approval Number yang diusulkan, jika diterima atau ditolak akan diterbitkan dalam official journal dari European Community dan disebarkan secara elektronik ke semua Member States. 3. Melalui suatu Commission Decision menetapkan format Health Certificate dan List of Establishments (Daftar Unit Pengolahan) yang disetujui (yang mendapat Approval Number) 4. Competent Authority dari negara pengirim menerbitkan Health Certificate dan stempel yang dikeluarkan oleh Commission Decision. 5. Komisi Eropa melalui Food and Veterinary Office (FVO), Directorate General of Consumer Protection melakukan kunjungan secara rutin ke negara pengirim baik Member States maupun negara Ketiga, untuk misi inspeksi sistem/standar higienis apakah ekuivalen dengan peraturan Uni Eropa. 6. Produk ekspor harus masuk melalui pos pengawasan perbatasan (Border Inspection Posts/BIPs). 7. Buyer/Importer di negara Uni Eropa harus memberitahu kepada BIPs tentang kedatangan Consignment dalam kurun waktu 24 jam melalui laut dan 6 jam melalui udara. 58
8. Official fish inspector atau official veterinary surgeon melakukan pemeriksaan seperti diuraikan terdahulu : a. Documentary check (pengecekan dokumen) adalah memeriksa dokumen-dokumen terkait dengan pengiriman barang/produk termasuk, certificate of origin, health certificate. b. Identity Check (identifikasi dokumen) adalah pengecekan visual untuk melihat kecocokan dan konsistensi antara dokumen-dokumen dan produk-produk, juga dokumen lain seperti certificate of origin, approval number; dll. c. Physical check (pemeriksaan fisik); adalah pemeriksaan produk yang dilakukan oleh fish/veterinary inspector sendiri (BIPs) seperti organoleptik, pengepakan dan pengemasan (packaging), suhu (temperature), dan atau memungkinkan mengambil sampel dan menguji ke laboratorium (sampling and laboratory testing). 9. Jika pemeriksaan dokumen memuaskan pihak inspektur sesuai dengan common veterinary entry document (CVED) yang diterbitkan, maka Consignment tersebut dapat masuk ke Uni Eropa. Jika hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan gagal karena masalah mutu dan keamanan produk yang tidak memenuhi syarat seperti kandungan residu logam berat atau antibiotik melebihi batas yang diberlakukan, maka dilakukan salah satu dari dua pilihan yaitu 1) dikirim kembali (re-export) atau 2) dihancurkan (destroyed). Setiap pengapalan (shipment) produk perikanan atau produk budidaya harus disertai dengan sertifikat sanitasi (sanitary certificate) yang dijelaskan dalam E.U. Decision 2001/65/EC, dan 59
khusus untuk produk kekerangan (shellfish) sesuai dengan 1996/333/EC. Sertifikat boleh diterbitkan untuk beberapa kontainer dari produk yang sama, dan diperhitungkan/dipertimbangkan menjadi satu lot (single lot). Salah satu contoh model Sertifikat Kesehatan (Health Certificate) untuk tujuan konsumsi manusia, apabila kita akan melakukan ekspor produk perikanan ke Uni Eropa dapat dilihat pada Contoh HC 1. Contoh model Health Certificate di atas masih berlaku sampai dengan bulan Mei 2007, tetapi karena tuntutan perkembangan yang terkait dengan pengembangan penerapan traceability atau ketertulusuran, maka Komisi Eropa akan mengeluarkan kebijakan model baru Health Certificate sesuai dengan European Commission (EC) Regulation No 1664/2006 of 6 November 2006 amending Regulation (EC) No 2074/2005 as regards implementing measures for certain products of animal origin intended for human consumption and repealing certain implementing measure. Penetapan Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 2074/2005 mengenai model Health Certificates untuk produk impor untuk tujuan konsumsi manusia dikembangkan oleh Komisi Eropa untuk mengetahui setiap perpindahan produk dari dan selama berada dalam wilayah Uni Eropa (EU territory) dan negara-negara ketiga (third countries). Model Sertifikat-sertifikat telah dikembangkan untuk memenuhi “expert system Traces”, khususnya mengenai deskripsi dari komoditas yang telah diperbaharui. Model Health Certificate yang ada harus diamendemen sesuai yang diatur dalam EC No.1664/2006. Ada empat model sertifikat kesehatan (Health Certificate) untuk produk-produk perikanan yang diperuntukan untuk konsumsi 60
manusia dengan berdasarkan produk : 1. Sertifikat Kesehatan untuk produk paha kodok segar, beku (Imports Of Chilled, Frozen Or Prepared Frogs’ Legs Intended For Human Consumption) 2. Sertifikat Kesehatan untuk produk segar, beku, masak, termasuk dalam bentuk cangkang (Imports Of Chilled, Frozen, Shelled, Cooked, Prepared Or Preserved Snails Intended For Human Consumption) 3. Sertifikat Kesehatan untuk produk perikanan (Imports of Fishery Products Intended For Human Consumption) 4. Sertifikat Kesehatan untuk produk perikanan untuk kekerangan hidup (Imports of Live Bivalve Molluscs Intended For Human Consumption)
Contoh Model Health Certificate For fishery products intended for export to the European Community Country of dispatch:...............................
………………………………………………… 61
Competent authority (1):........................
…………………………………………………
Inspection body (1):................................
…………………………………………………
Reference number of health certificate:
…………………………………………………
I. Details identifying the fishery products Description of fishery/aquaculture products (2): - species (scientific name): - presentation of product and type of treatment (3): Code number (where available): Type of packaging:
………………………………………………… ………………………………….
Net weight:
………………………………………………… …………………………………. ………………………………………………… ………………………………….
Requisite storage and transport temperature:
………………………………………………… ………………………………….
Number of packages:
II - Origin of products Name(s) and official approval/registration number(s) of establishment(s), factory vessel(s), or cold store(s) approved or freezer vessel(s) registered by the competent authority for export to the EC: III - Destination of the products The products are dispatched From: To: By the following means of transport: Name and address of the dispacher:
………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… (place of dispatch) ………………………………………………… (Country and place of destination) ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… 62
Name of consignee and address at place of destination: ………………………………………………… …………………………………. IV. Health attestation The official inspector hereby certifies that the fishery or aquaculture products specified above: 1.- have been caught, landed, where appropriate packaged, handled, marked, prepared, processed, frozen, thawed, stored and transported under conditions at least equivalent to those laid down in Council Directive 91/493/EEC of 22 July 1991 laying down the health conditions for the production and the placing on the market of Fishery products; - have undergone health controls at least equivalent to those laid down in Directive 91/493/EEC and in the implementing decision thereto; - do not come from toxic species or species containing biotoxins; 2. In addition, in the case of frozen or processed bivalve molluscs, the later have been gathered in production areas subject to conditions at least equivalent to those laid down in Council Directive 91/492/EEC of 15 July 1991 laying down the health conditions for the production and the placing on the market of live bivalve molluscs. Done at:_____________________on_________ _ (place)
(date) _______________________________ (Signature of the official inspector) _______________________________ 63
(Name in capitals, capacity and qualifications) (1) Name and address (2) Delete where applicable (3) Lived, refrigerated, frozen, salted smoked, preserved, prepared, processed, etc.
4. Duties and Trade measures Semua tariff ikan Uni Eropa telah dikonsolidasikan dengan GATT agreement dalam Putaran Tokyo. Secara keseluruhan ratarata EU duties for Chapters 3, 1604 and 1605 adalah 17.2%, salah satu yang tertinggi didunia. The tariff range dari 0% untuk belut hidup (live eels) sampai 25 % untuk produk kaleng (canned mackerel, bonito and anchovies). Bagaimanapun Uni Eropa menyediakan mekanisme yang berbeda untuk pengurangan pajak (duties). Secara keseluruhan rata-rata tarif dikurangi sekitar 3 s/d 4%. Khusus untuk Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), yang diterapkan kepada negara berkembang mencakup semua produk perikanan pada Chapter 3, produk-produk diklasifikasikan sebagai non-sensitive, semi-sensitive, sensitive and very sensitive. Pengurangan duties akan dilakukan secara bertahap dari 0%, 35%, 70% and 85%, dari rate umumnya (conventional rate). Russia, Thailand dan Korea Selatan tidak mendapat GSP. "Access to markets" for "Access to Resources" merupakan strategi dari Uni Eropa dalam bidang negosiasi perdagangan produk perikanan. Keuntungan Uni Eropa mengunakan hal ini karena mudah mendapat jaminan per produk, hal ini sudah 64
dilakukan terhadap Maroko dan Argentina yaitu berupa agreement, yang perlu diperhatikan apabila Indonesia setuju dengan cara agreement maka mempermudah penurunan tariff berdasarkan produk, sebagai contoh Argentina dikurangi duty untuk produk hake fillets dan; Maroko: mendapat pembebasan bea masuk impor produk sardine kaleng (duty-free imports of canned sardines) Sejak 1 Januari 2002 Commission Regulation 2001/2065/EC telah mempersyaratkan aturan baru bagi pelabelan produk perikanan dan budidaya yang diperuntukan untuk sektor retail (retail sector). Regulasi ini hanya diperuntukan untuk produkproduk yang telah memiliki harmonisasi system tariff (Tariff Harmonized System) tidak termasuk produk-produk pengalengan. Tiga set informasi yang diwajibkan pada pelabelan produk perikanan dan budidaya untuk penjualan (sales) eceran (retail): Nama dagang dari tiap jenis atau spesies (Commercial name) nama latin tidak diwajibkan kecuali klien bisnis mempersyaratkannya. Tiap negara anggota (Member State) telah menerbitkan suatu daftar nama dagang yang dapat diaplikasi. Daftar ini dapat dilihat pada EU web site. Metode produksi dari produk budidaya atau produk perikanan, harus menyediakan bahasa yang jelas dan sesuai apakah ditangkap di laut, di air tawar atau budidaya. Area penangkapan harus menunjukan sesuai dengan daerah penangkapan yang sesuai dengan FAO list, atau dari Annex dari regulasi eropa (Commission Regulation 2001/2065/EC). Produk-produk yang ditangkap di daerah perairan umum mempersyaratkan ada suatu referensi dari Member State atau dari negara asal dari negara ketiga. 65
Untuk menjamin kesempurnaan penerapan traceability pada semua tahapan dari proses pemasaran (marketing process), produk perikanan budidaya harus disertai dengan dokumen yang mengindikasikan informasi yang menjelaskan semua istilah demikian juga nama latin dari produk. Dokumen dicantumkan dalam invoice. Beberapa contoh produk dengan spesifikasi yang perlu dipenuhi pada pelabelan adalah Produk segar, dingin (Fresh, chilled products) http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/trade/EUCONTENTS.htm Jenis (species) Negara asal (country of origin) menggunakan huruf roman letters, min. 2 cm Menunjukkan (presentation) bentuk produk apakah whole, gutted, fillet, dan lain-lain Tingkat kesegaran (freshness grade) dan pengelompokan jenis ukuran (size category) untuk jenis tertentu dengan standar umum minimal 5 cm Berat bersih (net weight) dalam kg diluar standar box kemasan, dengan rata-rata berat bersih cukup Tanggal terakhir pengiriman Nama dan alamat (kota,negara) + approval number dari processor/packer Tingkat kesegaran (Freshness grading) hanya untuk whole/gutted fresh fish. Produk Beku (Frozen products) Pencantuman jenis diikuti dengan kata "frozen" Negara asal (country of origin) 66
Menunjukan (presentation) kemungkinan diikuti dengan termasuk dengan species. Isi bersih dalam kg Daftar bumbu (list of ingredients) kecuali jika hanya ikan (except if fish only) Tanggal minimal daya tahan produk dalam bulan/tahun (expire date) sebagai contoh: tanggal minimal/date of minimum durability (month/year) atau "best before" date (cf Directive 2000/13/EC) Kondisi penyimpanan yang sesuai (special storage conditions) untuk menjaga pada suhu - 18o C Instruksi untuk menggunakan produk sebab jika tidak dihindari dapat merusak mutu termasuk “jangan membekukan lagi setelah sekali di-thawing (do not freeze again once thawed) Nama dan alamat pabrik dan penjual di Uni Eropa Approval Number dari pengolah atau pengepak Pencantuman lot dalam bentuk inisial seperti “ L” lebih bagus tapi bukan selalu kewajiban mencantumkan lengkap satu kata "LOT" ini bukan suatu kewajiban. Lot yang dapat didefinisikan oleh pengolah (processor) untuk dapat melakukan telusur terhadap sejarah produknya apabila terjadi masalah. Ini dapat dilakukan berdasarkan tanggal produksi (production date). Contoh : L8110B15 berarti :
L = Lot 8 = 1998 110 = day of production 110 B15 = production line 67
Untuk mencapai makanan yang lebih beku (For deep-frozen foods): Kondisi penyimpanan dan maksimum masa penyimpanan (Storage conditions and maximum period of storage): antara 0 dan 5 oC : 1 hari atau antara -5 and 0 oC : 1 minggu atau antara -12 and -6 oC : 1 bulan atau paling kurang pada suhu -18 oC : sampai sebelum kadaluarsa (up to the best before date). Untuk bahan makanan beku (for frozen goods) penyebutan yang tidak diwajibkan tapi apabila dianggap perlu bisa mencantumkan: Kondisi penyimpanan (storage conditions) Jangan dibekukan kembali setelah sekali di-thawing ("do not refreeze once thawed") Penulisan Lot (lot # ) Kekerangan Hidup (Live bivalve mollusks) Jenis/Species (nama umum/common name dan nama latin (Latin name) Negara pengirim (country of dispatch) Tanggal pengepakan (date of wrapping) paling kurang mencantumkan hari dan bulan (at least day and month) Tanggal ketahanan produk (date of durability) atau keterangan seperti bahwa bintang (kekerangan) harus dalam keadaan hidup sbelum dijual ("these animals must be alive when sold") Berat bersih (net weight) dalam kg Identitas pengirim (identification of the dispatch center) yang memiliki approval number Nama dan alamat (kota dan negara) dari pengepak terakhir 68
yang memiliki approval number. Produk Kaleng (canned products) Nama produk (name of product) Negara asal (country of origin) Berat bersih dalam gram (net weight in grams) atau liter untuk produk cair liter for liquid products) Berat bersih tanpa kadar air (net drained weight) dalam hal ini produk padat yang dipaket yang tidak biasa dikonsumsi dalam keadaan cair (usually-not-consumed liquid) Daftar bumbu (ingredients) termasuk penambahan air dalam suatu ingredient Tanggal ketahanan produk (date of minimum durability) pencantuman tahun Ada petunjuk kondisi penyimpanan atau cara saat menggunakan Petunjuk untuk penggunaan (jika diperlukan) Nama dan alamat manufacturer yang memiliki “approval" atau suatu perusahaan penjual yang ada di EU. Legislasi lainnya (Other legislation) Selain legislasi-legislasi yang disebutkan di halaman terdahulu, Uni Eropa mengatur berbagai macam persyaratan untuk isu-isu yang lebih besar, termasuk pada: Zat tambahan (Additives), Zat pewarna (colorings) dan pemanis (sweeteners) boleh digunakan. Bahan kemasan (Packaging materials) tidak boleh mentransfer zat pada bahan makanan apabila pada jumlah tertentu dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia atau dapat merubah bentuk secara oraganoleptik; 69
Pengukuran Unit (Measurement units) hanya sesuai dengan petunjuk metric labeling. 5. Peraturan/Prosedur Impor a. Peraturan Terkait Prosedur Impor Peraturan di Republik Belgia yang diterapkan untuk produk udang beku sebagian besar sama dengan peraturan yang diterapkan untuk produk perikanan lainnya di UE. Karena pada prinsipnya peraturan-peraturan yang diterapkan UE untuk produk udang khususnya standar kesehatan, keselamatan konsumen dan perlindungan bagi kelestarian lingkungan juga diterapkan untuk produk perikanan. Peraturan-peraturan yang diterapkan adalah: Council Declaration of 30 May 1980 on the Common Fisheries Policy Council Directive 92/59/EEC of 29 June 1992 on General Product Safety (Rapid Alert System for Foodstuffs) Commission Decision No. 2001/705/EC of 27 September 2001 concerning certain protective measures with regard to certain fishery and aqua-culture products intended for human consumption and originating in Indonesia (notified under document number C(2001) 2935) Council Regulation (EC) No 2578/2000 of 17 November 2000 amending Regulation (EC) No 2406/96 laying down common marketing standards for certain fishery products Council Regulation (EC) No 1298/2000 of 8 June 2000 amending for the fifth time Regulation (EC) No 850/98 for the conservation of fishery resources through technical measures for the protection of juveniles of marine organisms 70
b. Daftar alamat instansi pemerintah terkait dengan proses impor Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection European Commission Directorate D - Food Safety: production and distribution chain Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Bruxelles - Belgium Telp: 32-2-2991111. Fax: 32-2- 2991061
6. PERATURAN LABELING Komisi Eropa mengatur pelabelan dan pengemasan untuk produk perikanan dalam beberapa keputusan yaitu: a. Pelabelan (Labelling) Council Directive 90/496/EEC of 24 September 1990 on nutrition labeling for foodstuffs Directive 2000/13/EC of the European parliament and of the Council of 20 March 2000 on the approximation of the laws of the member States relating to the labeling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs Commission Directive 94/54/EC of 18 November 1994 concerning the compulsory indication on the labeling of certain foodstuffs of particulars other those provided for in Council Directive 79/112/EEC Council Directive 96/21/EC of 29 March 1996 amending Commission Directives 94/54/EC concerning the compulsory indication on the labeling of certain foodstuffs of particulars other than those provided for in Directive 71
79/112/EEC Commission Directive 1999/10/EC of 8 March 1999 providing for derogation's from the provisions of article 7 of Council Directive 79/112 as regards the labeling foodstuffs Council Regulation (EEC) No 2081/92 of 14 July 1992 on the protection of geographical indications and designations of origin for agricultural products and foodstuffs Council Regulation (EC) No 535/97 of 17 March 1997 amending Regulation (EEC) No 2081/92 on the protection of geographical indications and designations of origin for agricultural products and foodstuffs Commission Regulation (EEC) No 2037 of 27 July 1993 laying down detailed rules of application of Council Regulation (EEC) no 2081/92 on the protection of geographical indications and designations of origin for agricultural products and foodstuffs Commission Regulation (EC) No 1107/96 of 12 June 1996 on the registration of geographical indications and designations of origin under the procedure laid down in article 17 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2081/92 Commission Regulation (EC) No 123/97 of 23 January 1997 supplementing the Annex to Commission Regulation (EC) No 1107/96 on the registration of geographical indications and designations of origin under the procedure laid down in Article 17 of Regulation (EEC) No 2081/92 Council Regulation (EEC) No 2081/92 of 14 July 1992 on certificates of specific character for agricultural products and foodstuffs Commission Regulation (EEC) No 1848/93 of 9 July 1993 72
laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2082/92 on certificates of specific character for agricultural products and foodstuffs Commission Regulation (EC) No 2515/94 of 9 September 1994 amending Regulation (EEC) NO 1848/93 laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2082/92 on certificates of specific character for agricultural products and foodstuffs b. GMO Labelling Commission Regulation (EC) No 50/2000 of 10 January 2000 on the labelling of foodstuffs and food ingredients containing additives and flavourings that have been genetically modified or have been produced from genetically modified organisms. Council Regulation (EC) No 1139/98 of 26 May 1998 concerning the compulsory indication of the labelling of certain foodstuffs produced from genetically modified organisms of particulars other than those provided for in Directive 79/112/EEC Commission Regulation (EC) No 49/2000 of 10 January 2000 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 1139/98 concerning the compulsory indication on the labeling of certain foodstuffs produced from genetically modified organisms of particulars other than those provided for in Directive 79/112/EEC. Commission Regulation (EC) 1005/2008 of 29 September 2009 “Establishing a Community System to Prevent Deter and Eliminate IUU Fishing” (IUU Fishing Regulation). 73
7. Peraturan Perpajakan a. Bea Masuk (MFN Tariff) 030613 (Shrimps and prawns): 03061310--- of the family Pandalidae 12% 03061330--- Shrimps of the genus Crangon 18% 03061340--- Deepwater rose shrimps (Parapenaeus) 12% 03061350--- Shrimps of the genus Penaeus 12% 03061380--- Other 12% b. Pajak Konsumsi Walaupun sejak 1 Januari 1993 UE telah berusaha mengadakan harmonisasi Value Added Tax (pajak yang dikenakan pada tingkat penjualan ke konsumen akhir) negaranegara anggota UE, namun sampai sekarang hal tersebut belum mencapai hasil. Sebagai akibatnya masing-masing negara anggota memberlakukan VAT yang berbeda untuk produk makanan sebagaimana yang terlihat pada tabel berikut ini: VAT rates (in %) yang berlaku untuk produk makanan di UE, May 2000
Belgia Denmark Jerman Yunani Spanyol
Zero rate
Super Reduced
Reduced Rate Rate
Standard Rate
-
4
6 7 8 7
21 25 16 74
Perancis Irlandia Itali Luksemburg Belanda Austria Portugal Finlandia Swedia Inggris
0 0
4,2 4 3 -
5,5 12,5 10 6 10 5/12 17 12 -
19,6 21 17 25 -
c. Generalized System of Preference (GSP) Berdasarkan Pasal 7 point 2 dari Skema GSP untuk periode 1 Januari 2002 s/d 31 Desember 2004, produk shrimps prawns merupakan produk yang termasuk dalam daftar produk "sensitif" oleh sebab itu produk tersebut mendapatkan preferensi penurunan tarif 3,5%. Tarif normal MFN sebesar 12%. Namun demikian pada skema yang lama penurunan tarif yang diperoleh lebih besar dari 3.5%. Berdasarkan artikel 7 point 3 beneficiary diperbolehkan untuk menggunakan ketentuan yang lama jika penurunan tarif pada skema GSP sebelumnya lebih tinggi. Oleh sebab itu tarif produk udang beku di UE dengan GSP akan diberlakukan sesuai dengan tarif yang lama yaitu sebesar 4,2%.
8. Sistem Distribusi Sebagian besar dari produk-produk perikanan di UE merupakan produk yang diimpor dari negara lain dan hampir tidak 75
ada negara anggota UE yang dapat menyediakan kebutuhannya sendiri (self-sufficient). Para pemain yang berperan dalam saluran distribusi untuk produk perikanan di pasar Uni Eropa adalah para supplier, processor dan distributor. Para pemain di pasar produk perikanan ini seringkali memberikan kewajiban-kewajiban kepada eksportir/penjual dengan sistem operasional yang berbeda. Pilihan atas saluran distribusi perdagangan dan partner dagang tergantung dari produk dan servis yang dapat diberikan oleh partner dagang yang potensial. Dengan menyeleksi salah satu saluran distribusi dan partner dagang yang spesifik, partner dagang yang lainnya seringkali secara otomatis akan mengikuti proses yang sama. Hal penting dalam saluran distribusi ini adalah bahwa eksportir menyadari adanya saluran distribusi yang berbeda di pasar. Beberapa eksportir akan melakukan tawar-menawar secara langsung dengan para pengguna akhir (end-user dalam hal ini para pedagang eceran) yang utama, sementara yang lainnya akan menjualnya dengan cara lain yaitu menjualnya kepada para pedagang bebas (independent importers) atau kepada para agen penjualan. Sekarang ini penggunaan internet dianggap sebagai salah satu cara atau alat komunikasi yang baik antara para pelaku usaha (businessman) dan masyarakat, akibatnya transaksi melalui ecommerce juga mengalami peningkatan. Para businessman lebih menyukai penjualan melalui e-commerce karena hal ini berimplikasi pada keuntungan yg lebih besar dan lebih cepat. Akan tetapi, jika berhadapan dengan konsumen individual, perkembangan e-commerce lambat karena konsumen masih lebih suka pergi ke supermarket atau ke penjual (trader/dealker/ fishmonger). 76
Ada empat partner dagang utama bagi para eksportir produk-produk perikanan yaitu mereka yang bergerak dalam bidang industri (industrial user), agen penjualan, importir, dan the Industri Pengolahan dan end-product manufacturers. Dalam praktek pendistribusian produk perikanan, armada kapal ikan asing tidak mensuplai secara langsung keluar negeri tetapi biasanya kepada pelelangan ikan domestik atau kepada seorang eksportir. Sedangkan end-product manufacturers boleh membeli produk dari armada asing tersebut secara langsung dari eksportir atau dari agen penjualan, importir atau dari industri pengolahan. Ada bermacam-macam perusahaan yang bergerak di sektor produk perikanan ini. Beberapa perusahaan mempersempit proses produksi mereka kepada proses pembekuan atau pada proses filleting ikan tersebut. Sementara perusahaan-perusahaan lainnya khususnya Belanda dan Belgia, mengkhususkan usaha mereka dibidang mengekspor kembali produk-produk perikanan tersebut ke negara-negara lainnya. Sebagai contoh, mereka mengimpor produk-produk perikanan yang eksotik dari negara berkembang dan kemudian mengekspornya ke negara-negara tetangga mereka, karena itulah maka sulit untuk menggambarkan struktur perdagangan produk perikanan ini kedalam garis-garis yang sederhana. Dalam satu kasus mungkin saja seseorang ingin mengekspor produk perikanan dalam bentuk atau kemasan untuk konsumen langsung atau untuk katering. Dalam hal ini partner dagang yang akan membuka jalan agar penetrasi ke pasar Eropa sukses adalah para agen dan importir yang mungkin saja akan menjual pula produk-produk tersebut untuk digunakan dalam industri makanan. Sementara itu retail atau organisasi catering 77
juga melakukan hal yang berbeda. Mereka hampir tidak pernah membeli secara langsung dari luar negeri, kecuali untuk beberapa mata rantai dari supermarket yang lebih besar. Suksesnya penjualan eceran di supermarket dan hypermarket telah menjadi jelas dalam pasar seafood dan ikan. Sebagai akibat dari kepopuleran 'one-stop shopping', maka supermarket-supermarket mulai memperkenalkan counter-counter ikan dan secara perlahanlahan mencapai kepopuleran yang lebih melebihi para penjual ikan tradisional. Namun demikian hadirnya counter-counter ikan bukannya tanpa masalah, karena konsumen pada awalnya memperlihatkan sikap yang ragu-ragu untuk membeli karena mereka tidak yakin akan jaminan mutu dari ikan-ikan yang dijual tersebut. Lebih jauh lagi, kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat dalam menangani dan mempersiapkan ikan menyebabkan tertundanya peralihan dari penjual ikan yang trampil kepada counter-counter ikan. Di Eropa utara dan Skandinavia, penjualan dari penjual ikan biasa dan yg ditaruh di dalam stal-stal di pasar telah sangat menurun. Di daerah Mediterania, para penjual ikan dan stall-stall ikan di pasar masih merupakan mayoritas yang besar dari penjualan produk-produk perikanan, memberikan gambaran negara-negara yang secara relatif berada dibawah perkembangan dalam nuansa multiple retailing. Supermarket, pasar-pasar umum merupakan merupakan pemain dalam pasar ikan di UE ini. Pasar-pasar belakangan ini mendominasi penjualan fresh, chilled, smoked dan fried products, sementara supermarket mendominasi penjualan penjualan produk-produk yang sudah dibekukan dan yg dikemas dalam kaleng. Dalam tahun-tahun terkahir ini beberapa supermarket 78
mulai menawarkan berbagai macam lagi produk-produk fresh/chilled yang belum dikemas seperti berbagai macam fillets dan shrimps. Lebih jauh lagi dengan teknis-teknis pengepakan yang baru seperti MAP (Modified Atmosphere Packaging), hal ini dapat memperpanjang kesegaran dari fresh/chilled fish di supermarket dan membuatnya cukup berharga untuk dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok berbagai macam produk perikanan. Kelompok penjual ikan dan kelompok catering tidak membeli produk ikan secara langsung dari luar negeri, melainkan membelinya dari wholesalers/importir dalam negeri. Sedangkan sektor kelembagaan seperti rumah-rumah jompo dan rumah sakit seringkali membelinya dari importir yang memang khusus menjual produk-produk yang jaminan keamanannya tinggi.
9. Sertifikat Hasil Tangkapan (Catch Certification) Berdasarkan Council Regulation (EC) nomor 1005/2008 tanggal 28 September 2009 mengenai establishing a Community system to prevent, deter, and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, Uni Eropa mewajibkan sertifikasi atas semua produk perikanan hasil tangkapan dari laut yang di ekspor ke kawasan tersebut sejak 1 Januari 2010. Ketentuan ini tidak berlaku bagi produk perikanan hasil kegiatan budidaya (air tawar, payau, dan laut), produk perikanan air tawar, ikan hias, kekerangan, rumput laut, scallops, oyster dan ikan lainnya. Seritifikasi Hasil 79
Tangkapan Ikan mencakup beberapa hal antara lain: i) sertifikasi hasil tangkapan merupakan persyaratan bagi produk perikanan, termasuk produk olahannya yang masuk pasar Uni Eropa, ii) sertifikasi diisi dan dilengkapi oleh eksportir yang telah memiliki 'approval number', serta diajukan kepada Otoritas Kompeten untuk divalidasi. Hal ini berarti, produk perikanan yang akan diekspor merupakan hasil tangkapan dari kegiatan yang telah memenuhi ketentuan pengelolaan/konservasi perikanan, iii) sertifikasi juga berlaku bagi produk olahan eks-impor bahan baku. Sertifikasi Hasil Tangkapan tersebut diterapkan melalui Permen KP. nomor PER.28/MEN/2009 tentang Sertifikasi Hasil Tangkapan Ikan.
80
Gambar Peraturan EC tentang Keamanan Hasil Perikanan
81
Gambar Peraturan EC tentang Keamanan Produk Kekerangan
82
83
X.
PROFIL PASAR TIONGKOK
Tiongkok merupakan salah satu superpower bidang seafood. Tiongkok merupakan konsumen, importir, eksportir dan produsen seafood terbesar didunia. Diperkirakan produksinya sekitar 35% dari total produksi dunia. Tiongkok juga merupakan produsen akuakultur terbesar di dunia dan satu-satunya negara yang produksi perikanan budidayanya melebihi hasil perikanan tangkapnya. Menurut data Tiongkok, rata-rata produksi ikan mencapai 60 juta ton dan konsumsi ikan per kapita mencapai 12 kg. Tabel. Impor Hasil Perikanan China (Ikan segar, dingin dan beku, HS 03) HS
Deskripsi
'0303
Fish, frozen, whole
'0306
2010 (US$000)
2011 (US$000)
2012 (US$000)
3,132,412
3,822,151 3,352,194
Crustaceans
514,015
825,096 1,128,137
'0307
Moluscs
512,247
744,622
687,655
'0302
Fish, fresh, whole
106,174
94,403
152,709
'0304
Fish fillets and pieces, fresh, chilled or frozen
59,198
65,524
89,895
'0301
Live fish
26,296
20,589
45,355
'0308
Aquatic invertebrates other than crustaceans and molluscs, live, fresh, chilled, frozen, d
0
0
20,910
'0305
Fish,cured or smoked and fish meal fit for human consumption
15,119
15,177
15,741
Sumber: UN.Comtrade
84
Tiongkok juga merupakan pemain utama perdagangan ikan dunia. Pada tahun 2009 Tiongkok mengekspor ikan dan seafood mencapai US$ 6,81 milyar, meningkat sekitar 31% dari US$5,18 milyar pada tahun 2008. Dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun ini, pertumbuhan ekspor seafood Tiongkok telah menciptakan surplus yang besar. Tiongkok juga mengimpor ikan dan seafood dengan nilai US$3.6 milyar pada tahun 2009. Namun jumlah impor Tiongkok diperkirakan akan meningkat seiring dengan daya beli konsumen. Impor seafood Tiongkok dapat dibagi menjadi 3 kategori utama, yaitu: 1. Seafood bernilai tinggi untuk konsumsi domestik, cth. Lobster hidup, dan oysters 2. Tepung ikan untuk memenuhi pakan ikan, 3. Seafood untuk dire-proses untuk ekspor, cth. Hoki, roughy, dory dan sotong Rusia merupakan pemasok utama impor seafood Tiongkok, selain itu terdapat beberapa pemasok utama lainnya antara lain AS, Norway, Jepang. Shangdong merupakan salah satu provinsi tempat pengolahan ikan dan Ibu kota Qindao merupakan salahsatu destinasi seafood impor. Konsumen Tiongkok mempunyai minat dan selera yang besar terhadap semua jenis seafood, termasuk jenis ikan hidup, beku dan produk olahan. Menurut FAO, konsumsi seafood Tiongkok diperkirakan akan meningkat menjadi 35,9 kg/kapita pada tahun 2020. Konsumsi ikan akan meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan daya beli masyarakat dan penguatan preferensi ikan di Tiongkok. Ikan air tawar hidup mempunyai permintaan tinggi di pasar-pasar kota pedalaman. Sementara ikan beku dan olahan banyak ditemui 85
di kawasan sebelah utara. Hasil tangkapan laut hidup sangat popular di kawasan booming ekonomi (pantai timur). Seafood impor sangat dihargai oleh konsumen Tiongkok. Seafood hidup, khususnya lobster dan abalone merupakan symbol kemewahan. Namun demikian, saat ini masalah kualitas dan keamanan pangan sudah menjadi perhatian konsumen di Tiongkok. 1.
Distribusi hasil perikanan
Proses distribusi di Tiongkok pada umumnya meliputi importasi, distribusi, sub-distribusi dan retail. Tempat pemasukan dan hubs distribusi hasil perikanan sebagai berikut: Shenzen: Sebagian besar seafood hidup yang diimpor masuk melalui Shenzen. Shenzen terletak sebelah utara Hongkong. Importir di Shenzen mendominasi sebagian besar impor seafood dan saluran distribusi seluruh wilayah Tiongkok. Mereka telah membangun jejaring pemasaran di berbagai kota penting, termasuk di Shanghai dan Beijing. Hanya kurang dari setengah impor seafood yang masuk ke Shenzhen didistribusikan secara langsung melalui kota-kota tersebut. Guangzhou: merupakan kota terbesar ke tiga di Tiongkok setelah Beijing dan Shanghai. Lebih dari setengah seafood yang masuk melalui Shenzhen dikirimkan ke Guangzhou dan selanjutnya didistribusikan ke wilayah Tiongkok lainnya. Huangsha Seafood Wholesale Market yang berada di Guangzhou merupakan salah satu wholesale market seafood terbesar di Tiongkok. Shanghai: merupakan salah satu konsumen dan hub-distribusi utama di Tiongkok oleh karena lokasinya, infrastrukturnya, dan statusnya sebagai hub-transport. 86
Pasar Seafood Distribusi ikan hidup di Tiongkok, pada umumnya didominasi oleh pasar-pasar seafood. Menurut FAO, lebih dari 340 pasar seafood hidup ada di Tiongkok. Pedagang/pemasok ikan memnyewa booth dan berdagang sebagai pedagang besar dan retailer. Pasar semacam itu biasanya dalam jumlah yang besar dan menyediakan berbagai macam produk seafood, contohnya: a. Shenzen Yantian Seafood Market: Diperkirakan lebih dari 90% ikan hidup impor masuk ke Tiongkok melalui pasar seafood ini. Semua importir/pedagang di Yantian mempunyai fasilitas tangki untuk menyimpan ikan dalam jumlah besar sebelum dikemas ulang dan dikirim ke pasar lain di Tiongkok. b. Guangzhou Huangsha Seafood Wholesale Market: merupakan salah satu pasar induk terbesar di Tiongkok yang yang menampung ikan impor dan ikan domestik dalam semua bentuk/jenis, cth hidup, segar, dingin dan beku. Pasar tersebut didirikan pada tahun 1994 dan mempunyai luas lebih dari 40.000 m2. Produk-produk seafood diperoleh dari banyak negara antara lain Canada, AS, Australia, New Zealand, negara-negara ASEAN. Pasar ini juga sebagai hub para eksportir ke wilayah lain di Tiongkok, khususnya kawasan Tiongkok bagian selatan. c. Shanghai Tong Cuan Seafood Market: pasar ini seluas 26.000 m2 dengan 700 both dan 100 toko dan merupakan terbesar di Shanghai. Lebih dari 90% importir ikan hidup dan distributor membuka kantor dan booth dengan tangki dan gudang. Perusahaan-perusahaan di pasar ini berhubungan dengan lebih dari 17 negara, termasuk AS, Jepang, Norway, Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, Hongkong dan Indonesia. 87
Sub Distributors Di Tiongkok, para distributor menjual produk ikannya melalui sub distributor atau langsung ke retailer, cth. hotel, restoran, dan supermarket. Terhadap penggunaan jalur distribusi melalui sub-distributor tergantung 2 faktor utama, yaitu: 1. Hubungan Client; biasanya retailer enggan untuk merubah hubungan yang telah terjalin lama dengan supplier dikarenakan reputasi dan hubungan buyer yang biasanya berbasis personal. 2. Term pembayaran; Sub-distributor tetap berada dalam value chain dengan kekuatannya atas rantai dibawah dan diatasnya. Mereka dapat secara fleksible berhadapan dengan retailer dan pembayaran, dimana pada umumnya distributor menginginkan pembayaran secara tunai. 2.
Client dan term pembayaran - Buyer dengan volume kecil: Mereka sering pergi ke booth supplier, memilih produk, membayar tunai dan langsung membawa produk yang dibelinya. - Hotel, Restoran, dan Café: Pemesanan biasanya diantar langsung, baik secara harian atau untuk seminggu. Produk yang dikirimkan tadi dijumlah dan ditagihkan pada akhir bulan sesuai dengan perjanjian. Hal ini merupakan alasan mengapa banyak distributor utama lebih suka tidak kontak langsung dengan sektor Horeka. - Supermarket dan retailer besar: saat ini berkembang di Tiongkok dan menjadi outlet yang penting untuk penjualan produk perikanan (budidaya) baik hidup maupun olahan. Retailer asing yang beroperasi di Tiongkok antara lain: 88
Carrefour (Perancis), Jusco (Jepang); Metro (Jerman) dan Wal-Mart (AS) Banyak restoran lokal secara terus menerus menyokong saluran pemasaran tradisional dan sering membeli seafood hidup dari booth pasar seafood. Sebagian besar restoran menyimpan ikannya dalam tangki sehingga konsumen dapat memilih ikan yang akan dibeli/dimakannya. Hypermarket seperti Metro bertindak sebagai distributor besar, sering menerima secara langsung produknya dari importir dan menjualnya ke chef restoran dan outlet retail kecil. 3.
Perubahan Pola Konsumsi Konsumen di Tiongkok pada umumnya menyukai ikan hidup dan segar, namun saat ini berkembang menyukai produk olahan seiring dengan meningkatnya penggunaan refrigerator. Namun permintaan seafood hidup masih mendominasi. Meningkatnya permintaan seafood beku dan olahan memberikan peluang untuk UPI Indonesia untuk mengirimkan produk bernilai tambah dan olahan ke pasar Tiongkok untuk konsumsi langsung. Preferensi pasar pada umumnya ditentukan oleh kondisi geografinya, namun kebiasaan makan dan selera masih dapat dalam satu provinsi tergantung kedekatan dengan pusat urban. Di banyak kawasan daratan Tiongkok, seafood hidup jarang ditemui dikarenakan isolasi geografik dan belum berkembangnya sistem rantai dingin dan sistem distribusi. Maka seafood yang tahan lama (non-perishable) lebih populer di provinsi seperti Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan, Xinjiang dan Tibet. 89
Di pusat-pusat urban, pola konsumsi sepertinya berubah sesuai dengan pola hidup: banyak keluarga berpindah ke masakan siap saji yaitu produk olahan. Produk olahan meliputi ikan olahan, kekerangan, moluska, udang menjadi populer di hypermarket di kota-kota besar. 4.
Industri Pengolahan Industri pengolahan ikan di Tiongkok berpusat di Provinsi Shandong dan Lianoning, serta daerah-daerah lainnya yaitu Guangdong, Zhejiang dan Fujian. Shandong dan Lianoning mencakup lebih 90% dari impor Salmon dan ikan whitefish dan 10 top importer di dua provinsit tersebut mencakup lebih dari 30% total impor. Shandong dan Tianjin merupakan kawasan utama pengolahan tuna, 34% dari volume pengolahannya merupakan berbasis yellowfin tuna. Pengolahan tuna nampaknya dipisahkan, mungkin lebih spesialisasi dibanding dengan salmon dan whitefish. Beberapa importer besar di Tiongkok bukan merupakan pengolah tapi perusahaan impor-ekspor berbagai macam produk. Perusahaan ini kadang melayani berbagai macam industry seperti tekstil dan mesin, dan sering memasok dan mendistribusikan ikan dengan bertindak atas nama pengolah. Status kepemilikan ikan oleh pengolah ikan (processor) akan menentukan besaran pajak impor. Jika raw material dimiliki oleh pihak luar negeri (asing), pajak impor tidak dikenakan sepanjang produk akhirnya di re-ekspor. Sedangkan bila raw material dimiliki oleh pihak Tiongkok, pajak impor 26% dapat dikenakan dan kemudian mendapatkan rabat, atau pedagang/pengolah. 90
Gambar Saluran Distribusi di Tiongkok
5.
Standar Kandungan Bahan Berbahaya Pada 12 Agustus 2010, Menteri Kesehatan Tiongkok telah menotifikasi ke Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures WTO mengenai level maximum kontaminan pada makanan sebagaimana tercantum dalam dokumen G/SPS/N/CHN/312. Standar ini menjelaskan level maksimum cemaran Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (Ar), Tin, Nickel, Chromium, Nitrate, Nitrite, Benzo(a)pyrene, N-nitrosamines, Polychlorinated biphenyls and 3-chloro-1, 2propanediol.
No.
Jenis Kontaminan/Produk
Maksimum Level 91
1.
2.
Pb Aquatic products and their products Fish and crustaceans Shellfishes, cephalopods and other aquatic products Products derived from aquatic products excluding dried jelly fish and dried seashells Dried jelly fish and dried seashells Cadmium Aquatic products and their products
0.5 mg/kg 1.0 mg/kg 1.0 mg/kg 1.0 mg/kg 0.1 mg/kg
Fish and fish products（excluding canned
3.
fish） Canned fish Crustaceans Shellfishes, cephalopods Mercury Aquatic products（excluding predatory fish） Predatory fish（such as shark, tunny and
4.
5.
others） Special nutritious foods Canned supplementary foods made from aquatic products and animal liver for infant and babies Arsenic Aquatic products Fish Shellfishes, crustaceans, cephalopods and other aquatic products Special nutritious foods Canned supplementary foods made from aquatic products and animal liver for infant and babies Benzo(a)pyrene
0.2 mg/kg 0.5 mg/kg 2.0 mg/kg 0.5 mg/kg（by fresh weight) 1.0 mg/kg（by fresh weight) 0.02 mg/kg
0.1 mg/kg (by fresh weight) 0.5 mg/kg (by fresh wight) 0.3 mg/kg
92
Smoked or baked aquatic products 6. 7.
N-nitrosamine Aquatic products Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Aquatic products and their products
5.0 mg/kg 4. mg/kg 0.5 mg/kg
XI. PROFIL PASAR VIETNAM 93
Vietnam mempunyai jumlah penduduk sekitar 91,5 juta jiwa, dimana sekitar 30%nya tinggal dikawasan urban. Pertumbuhan penduduknya relative lambat sekitar 1,2 % pertahun. Menurut Pemerintah Vietnam, terjadi tren migrasi penduduk dari kawasan pedesaan menuju kota. Economi Vietnam tumbuh dengan pesat sejak tahun 2000. Pada tahun 2012 diperkirakan pertumbuhan ekonominya mencapai 5,1%. Menurut data World Bank, GDP Vietnam per capita berbasis PPP pada tahun 2012 diperkirakan sebesar $3,500. Sektor perikanan memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam perekonomian Vietnam. Produksi di sektor perikanan tumbuh sangat 1991-2010, mencapai 5,2 juta ton (naik 406% dibandingkan dengan 1990) penghasilan lebih dari 5,0 miliar USD dari pendapatan ekspor (24.556% dibandingkan dengan 1990). Sebagian besar pertumbuhan tersebut berasal dari ekspansi yang cepat dalam akuakultur, yang meningkat dari 30 persen saham pada tahun 1990 menjadi 52 persen pada tahun 2010 dari sektor ini. Pada tahun 2010 produksi perikanan mencapai 5,2 juta ton (meningkat 406% dibandingkan dengan 1990), menciptakan lebih dari 5,0 miliar USD dari pendapatan ekspor (Tabel 1). Sebagian besar pertumbuhan produksi dapat dikaitkan dengan perluasan dalam budidaya, yang meningkat dari 30 persen pangsa sektor pada tahun 1990 menjadi 52 persen pada tahun 2010. Meskipun ada pasar domestik yang terus berkembang sebagai akibat pendapatan meningkat dan meningkatkan permintaan lokal, pasar ekspor yang kuat adalah kekuatan pendorong di belakang pertumbuhan dalam budidaya. Sebagian besar ekspor perikanan 94
Vietnam terikat untuk Jepang, Taiwan, Korea Selatan, Hong Kong, Amerika Serikat dan Uni Eropa. Table Produksi Perikanan Vietnam 1990-2010
310,000 347,910 351,260 368,604 333,022 415,28 411,000 481,000 537,870 614,510
Total produksi (tons) 1,019,000 1,062,163 1,097,830 1,161,928 1,211,496 1,344,140 1,373,500 1,543,000 1,668,530 1,827,310
Nilai Ekspor (1000 USD) 205 262,234 305,630 368,435 458,200 550,100 670,000 776,000 858,600 971,120
1,280,590 1,347,800
723,110 879,100
2,003,700 2,226,900
1,478,609 1,777,485
1,434,800 1,426,223 1,923,500 1,995,400 2,001,656 2,075,000 1,850,000
976,100 1,110,138 1,150,100 1,437,400 1,694,271 2,123,000 3,399,000
2,410,900 2,536,361 3,073,600 3,432,800 3,695,927 4,197,000
2,014,000 2,199,577 2,400,781 2,738,726 3,357,960 3,763,000 4,509,000
Tahun
Tangkapan (tons)
Budidaya (tons)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
709,000 714,253 746,570 793,324 878,474 928,860 962,500 1,062,000 1,130,660 1,212,800
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
5,249,000
2009 2,277,700 2,569,900 3,488,000 4,847,600 2010 2,450,800 2,706,800 5,157,600 5,034,000 Sumber: Nguyen Minh Duc Nong Lam University, Vietnam, 2011
Pertumbuhan ekspor (%) 27.92 16.55 20.55 24.36 20.06 21.80 15.82 10.64 13.11 52.26 20.21 13.31 9.21 9.15 14.08 22.61 12.40 19.82 11.12 18.40
95
1.
Overview perdagangan ikan, dan konsumsi ikan di Vietnam
Vietnam adalah pasar seafood terpenting bagi Indonesia di Kawasan ASEAN, dan juga di Asia setelah Jepang, China dan Korea Selatan. Diperkirakan tren ekspor Indonesia ke Vietnam juga akan terus meningkat karena Vietnam dibanding Indonesia terbatas sumberdaya perikananannya sehingga akan terus mengimpoor bahan baku terutama untuk re-ekspor. Ikan yang diimpor terutama udang, tuna dan cephalopoda serta ikan laut lainnya. Tahun 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EKSPOR Vol (ton) 35.687 51.223 46.806 56.751 87.047
IMPOR
Nilai (ribu US$) 34.098 47.156 47.182 71.346 125.110
Vol (ton) 3.239 4.025 11.103 17.749 16.553
Nilai (ribu US$) 2.660 4.389 11.718 23.196 20.330
Sumber: BPS 2012 (diolah)
Sejak tahun 2010 hingga 2012 terdapat 29 negara yang perusahaan eksportirnya mendapat persetujuan Otoritas Vietnam (NAFIQAD) untuk dapat ekspor ke Vietnam dalam hal ini diantaranya termasuk Indonesia. Saat ini sebagaimana pemutakhiran daftar terakhir per 5 Mei 2012, terdapat 140 perusahaan eksportir yang telah terdaftar dari Indonesia ke Vietnam sebagai tindak lanjut dari Implementing Arrangement on Quality and Food Safety Control of Fish and Fishery Product yang telah ditandatangani di Hanoi 22 September 2011 oleh M, Syamsul Muarif selaku Director General of Fish Quarrantine and Inspection Agency MMAF RoI dan Nguyen Nhu Tiep, Director-General of 96
National Agro Forestry Fisheries Quality Assurance Department MARD SRV. Terkait dengan hal tersebut, selain Vietnam telah mendaftarkan sebanyak (29 negara) termasuk Indonesia dan Vietnam telah menyetujui sebanyak .140 UPI/perusahaan eksportir Indonesia, yang diperbolehkan mengekspor ke Vietnam. Meskipun ada pasar domestik yang terus berkembang sebagai pendapatan orang Vietnam adalah meningkatkan dan permintaan lokal meningkat, sebagian besar produk perikanan yang diekspor. Udang, lele bergaris dan kerang keras adalah produk yang paling penting dan terkemuka dalam struktur ekspor makanan laut Vietnam. Table Perdagangan dan Konsumsi seafood Vietnam tahun 2008 Item Ton (000) Produksi local Impor ikan segar/dingin, beku, kering total Ekspor Konsumsi local
Konsumsi per kapita
4.600 160 4.760 1.250 3.510
40.8 kg
Konsumsi 40 kg/capita menjadikan pasar domestic Vietnam lebih besar daripada Indonesia. Namun, hal yang menjadi catatan, dalam laporan FAO konsumsi perkapita ikan dan seafood di Vietnam sekitar 25,4 kg/kapita/tahun. Sejak tahun 2001, terjadi peningkatan konsumsi ikan dan seafood perkapita yang disebabkan adanya pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk sekitar 1,3% pertahun. Selain itu, sejumlah keluarga di Vietnam memperoleh 50% atau lebih konsumsi proteinnya berasal dari produk perikanan. Namun, konsumsi ikan dan seafood di Vietnam tidak seragam di semua kawasan Vietnam. Konsumsi biasanya sangat tinggi di 97
kawasan pesisir, dan lebih rendah di wilayah daratan dan kota. Di wilayah perkotaan sumber protein bermacam-macam, yaitu daging dan ayam. Pendorong utama konsumsi ikan di Vietnam dan produksi ikan disebabkan oleh: 1. Stimulus pemerintah dan investasi sector swasta dan industry seafood 2. Peningkatan konsumsi rumah tangga yang disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi antara 6% - 9% per tahun. 2.
Impor ikan dan seafood Vietnam
Vietnam merupakan salah satu pasar ekspor yang berkembang. Impor ikan dan seafood di Vietnam untuk ikan segar, dingin dan beku dapat dilihat pada table di bawah ini. Tabel Impor Vietnam
Code
Product label
Nilai impor 2011 (USD 000)
Pertumbu han Nilai impor 2007-2011 (%, p.a.)
Pertumbuhan Volume impor 2007-2011 (%, p.a.)
'0303 Fish, frozen, whole
863,762
72
30
'0307 Moluscs
516,934
79
67
'0306 Crustaceans
328,743
62
60
146,842
66
46
'0302 Fish, fresh, whole
58,969
59
12
'0305 Fish, cured or smoked
38,572
60
71
'0304
Fish fillets and pieces, fresh, chilled or frozen
98
and fish meal fit for human consumption '0301 Live fish
1,051
17
9
Sumber: UN.Comtrade
Dari tabel di atas dapat dilihat impor dari tahun 2007 – 2011 tumbuh cukup pesat. Pertumbuhan nilai impor ikan tertinggi adalah moluska (79%), ikan beku (72%), fillet ikan (66%). Sedangkan dari sisi volume pertumbuhan impor tertinggi adalah ikan asap, tepung ikan (71%) , moluska (67%) dan krustasea (60%). Kecenderungan yang dilihat pada tabel di atas, merupakan indikasi Vietnam merupakan pasar yang sedang berkembang yang didasarkan pada: - Pendorong, termasuk pembangunan industry baru, peningkatan konsumsi domestic dan pengembangan pasar ekspor - Kendala, pasar yang immaturity, sensitivitas harga, perencanaan produksi yang kurang, Pasar domestik ikan dan seafood di Vietnam pada umumnya dipasok dari local. Impor ikan dan seafood untuk konsumsi local relatif sedikit. Impor produk perikanan digunakan untuk pasar ekspor karena digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk produk ekspor seperti tuna, produk beku (surimi). Kementerian Pertanian dan Pembangunan Pedesaan Vietnam (MARD) menyatakan bahwa prosesor seafood Vietnam akan membutuhkan 4,6 juta MT bahan baku pada tahun 2015, dan 5,7 juta MT pada 2020. MARD telah memperkenalkan berbagai tindakan untuk menjamin pasokan bahan baku yang memadai, yang berfokus pada hubungan pertanian dan penerapan teknologi canggih. MARD akan meningkatkan investasi di infrastruktur perikanan budidaya dalam menanggapi persyaratan pengolahan. Armada penangkapan 99
dengan dukungan layanan dan kapal logistik akan berkumpul dalam kelompok-kelompok dan tim klasifikasi dan pelestarian metode yang tepat akan digunakan untuk menjamin berkualitas tinggi dari hasil tangkapan. Pelabuhan perikanan dan sistem lelang pasar akan dibentuk untuk menjaga kualitas produk. MARD merencanakan akan mengimpor sekitar 600.000 MT seafood pada tahun 2015, dan satu juta MT seafood pada tahun 2020. Prioritas akan diberikan kepada spesies yang tidak tersedia di pasar Viet Nam. Persyaratan yang sebenarnya akan dipertimbangkan ketika peraturan impor seafood dikembangkan. Kontrol kualitas dan kemampuan telusur akan dibuat sesuai dengan standar Vietnam dan internasional. 3.
Saluran Distribusi Produk Perikanan di Vietnam a. Saluran Retail Konsumen Vietnam pada umumnya suka untuk membeli ikan dan seafood dari pasar tradisional. Terdapat keyakinan umum bahwa ikan dan seafood di supermarket tidak fresh, terbatas pilihannya dan dijual dengan harga yang lebih mahal. Walaupun supermarket maupun hypermarket dapat di jumpai di seluruh Vietnam, namun mereka tidak menyalurkan ikan dan seafood dalam jumlah yang besar, terutama ikan segar b. Industri jasa boga Vietnam mempunyai industri jasa boga dan sangat terfragmentasi. Banyak outlet-outlet yang sangat kecil yang menggunakan bahan (ikan dan seafood) yang dibeli di pasar local. Outlet-outlet tersebut tidak menggunakan ikan dan seafood impor. c. Perusahaan Pengolahan Seafood 100
Banyak unit pengolahan ikan di Vietnam yang membutuhkan ikan dan seafood mengimpor langsung dari eksportir. Kegiatan ini telah berlangsung lama dan pada awalnya dilakukan oleh perusahaan ekspor-impor milik Negara dan perusahaan pengolah ikan milik Negara. 4.
Peraturan Impor Vietnam
Regulator yang menangani impor ikan dan seafood di Vietnam a. Department of Animal Health bertanggungjawab terhadad aspek kesehatan dan keamanan pangan terhadap impor ikan dan seafood. Department ini merupakan bagian dari Ministry fo Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD). b. The National Agro-Forestry and Fishery Quality Assurance Directorate (NAFIQAD), yang berada dibawah MARD, bertanggungjawab terhadap mutu, higinitas, dan uji residu dan inspeksi atas ikan dan seafood yang diimpor. c. Importasi ikan dan seafood hanya dapat dilakukan oleh perusahaan Vietnam yang secara resmi disetujui sebagai pedagang/trader ikan dan seafood dan produk poultry. d. Trader juga disyaratkan untuk mendaftar pada NAFIQAD untuk uji sampling dan sertifikasi untuk higinitas dan keamanan pangan “human food grade” atas ikan dan seafood yang diimpor. e. Ikan yang diimpor diinspeksi di pelabuhan pemasukan. Inspeksi ini dilakukan oleh Quarantine Regional Office, Department of Animal Health. Kantor ini mengeluarkan sertifikat pelepasan karantina setelah menginspeksi produk dan dinyatakan sesuai dengan persyaratan masuk pasar Vietnam. 101
f.
Eksportir juga merupakan eksportir yang telah didaftarkan ke Vietnam oleh otoritas kompeten Negara eksportir. g. Prosedur di pelabuhan pemasukan pada umumnya standar, dengan melibatkan menunjukkan dokumen, inspeksi dokumen, inspeksi karantina, sertifikasi untuk masuk wilayah pabean Vietnam, membayar bea masuk dan pajak, dan pelepasan produk dari wilayah pabean.
102
LAMPIRAN
A. Peraturan Food Safety Vietnam Unofficial translation MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENTOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM Independence - Freedom – Happiness No. 25/2010/TT-BNNPTNT Hanoi, April 8, 2010 103
CIRCULAR GUIDING ON THE FOOD HYGIENE AND SAFETY CONTROL FOR IMPORTED FOODSTUFFS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN Pursuant to the Decree No. 01/2008/ND-CP of January 3, 2008 defining the functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; Decree No. 75/2009/ND-CP of September 10, 2009 amending Article 3 of the Decree No. 01/2008/ND-CP of January 3, 2008 defining the functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; Pursuant to the Ordinance No. 12/2003/PL-UBTVQH of July 26, 2003 by Vietnamese Standing Committee of National Assembly on Food Hygiene and Safety. Pursuant to the Decree No. 163/2004/ND-CP of September 7, 2004 detailing some provisions of the Ordinance on Food Hygiene and Safety. Pursuant to the Decree No. 79/2008/ND-CP of July 18, 2008 defining system of management, inspection and test of food hygiene and safety; Pursuant to the Decree No. 33/2005/ND-CP of March 15, 2005 detailing some provisions of the Veterinary Ordinance; Decree No. 119/2008/ND-CP of November 28, 2008 amending some articles of the Decree No. 33/2005/ND-CP of March 15, 2005 detailing some provisions of the Veterinary Ordinance; Hereafter is the guide to food hygiene and safety control for imported products of animal origin under the management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1. Scope of application 1. This Circular guides the food hygiene and safety (FHS) control for imported foodstuffs of animal origin under the management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, including products of terrestrial animal for human consumption; products of aquatic animals for 104
human consumption; responsibilities and jurisdictions of parties concerned. 2. This Circular shall not regulate the quarantine of animals and animal products Article 2. Objects of application This Circular applies to native and foreign individuals and organizations operating business of imported products of animal origin for human consumption. Article 3. Imported products of animal origin not subject to food hygiene and safety control 1. Foodstuffs for personal use, as gift, diplomatic bags, consular bags according to the regulations in force; 2. Foodstuffs in transit; 3. Foodstuffs stored in bonded warehouses. Article 4. Definition For the purpose of this Circular, the following definitions shall apply: 1. Food hygiene and safety (FHS) means conditions and measures necessary to ensure that the food is not harmful to consumers’ health and life. 2. Inspection of food hygiene and safety control system means inspection of legislation system, organization structure and competence of FHS control agency of exporting country. 3. Imported consignment means an amount of products registered for one official inspection. 4. Inspected consignment means an amount of the same-type products processed by the same food business operator (FBO) and registered for one official inspection. Article 5. Requirements for imported products 1. Imported products must be processed by a food business operator (FBO) approved by Vietnamese Competent Authorities to be fully compliant with Vietnamese food hygiene and safety regulations; 2. Each consignment of imported products must be accompanied by a health certificate issued by Competent Authorities of the exporting country (unless fish and fishery products captured by foreign fishing vessels, processed at sea and directly sold in Vietnam); 3. Imported products shall be further processed or placed on the market in Vietnam only if they are inspected at border inspection posts or 105
bonded warehouses and granted a health certificate. Article 6. Principles of inspection 1. Inspections to exporting countries: Inspection on food hygiene and safety control system of exporting countries and food hygiene and safety conditions of FBOs registered to export products to Vietnam; 2. Inspections to imported products: All imported products of animal origin shall undergo document checks, physical examination and sensory evaluation. Sampling shall be applied in compliance with Article 14 of this Circular. Article 7. Legal basis for inspection 1. Relevant Vietnam legislations and national technical regulations for each type of manufacturer, type of product or product group registered to be imported into Vietnam. 2. International treaties and bilateral arrangements with exporting countries that Vietnam has concluded or approved. Article 8. Inspecting and supervising bodies 1. Inspecting bodies to exporting countries: The National AgroForestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance in co-ordination with the Department of Animal Health and other relevant agencies. 2. Inspecting bodies to border inspection posts: Units under or authorized by the Department of Animal Health. 3. Inspecting bodies to bonded warehouses and issuing health certificate: a. Products of terrestrial animal origin: units under or authorized by the Department of Animal Health. b. Products of aquatic animal origin: units under or authorized by the National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department. 4. Inspecting and supervising bodies to products placed on the market: a. Sub-Departments of Animal Health of provinces/cities under 106
Central Authority conduct inspection and supervision to imported products of terrestrial animal origin in accordance with the supervising programs stipulated in the Circular No. 05/2010/TT- BNNPTNT of January 22, 2010 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development guiding the FHS inspection and supervision of agro-products prior to being placed on the market. b. National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance SubDepartments of provinces/cities under Central Authority or units in charge of agro-forestry-fishery quality assurance under the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Development conduct FHS inspection and supervision to imported products of aquatic animal origin in accordance with the supervising programs stipulated in the Circular 56/2009/TT- BNNPTNT of September 7, 2009 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development guiding the FHS inspection and supervision of fishery products prior to being placed on the market. Chapter II FOOD HYGIENE AND SAFETY INSPECTION TO EXPORTING COUNTRIES Article 9. Registration documents Competent authorities of exporting countries provide the National Agro-Forestry- Fisheries Quality Assurance Department with the registration documents, including: - List of food business operators registering to export products to Vietnam by the form in the enclosed Appendix 1; - Information on FHS control system and competencies of FHS Competent Authorities of exporting countries by the form in the enclosed Appendix 2; - Summary on FHS conditions of the food business operator by the form in the enclosed Appendix 3. Article 10. Registration document verification Within 30 working days of receipt of completed registration document, the National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department, together with the Department of Animal Health verify registration document, inform Competent Authorities of the exporting country of the verification result and inspection plan to the exporting country if necessary. 107
Article 11. Inspection items 1. Legal system on food hygiene and safety control; 2. Competencies of FHS Competent Authorities of exporting countries; 3. FHS conditions of FBOs registering to export to Vietnam. Article 12. Type of inspection 1. Initial inspection to assess exporting countries’ FHS control system and their FBOs’ hygiene conditions for approval. 2. Follow-up inspection to check the on going performance of FHS control system by exporting countries and of FHS conditions by approved FBOs. Article 13. Inspection reports and communication on list of FBOs approved for export to Vietnam 1. When on-site inspection to the exporting country is considered unnecessary, the National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department publishes the result of registration document checks, together with its list of FBO approved for export to Vietnam. 2. When on-site inspection to the exporting countries is considered necessary, within 30 working days after the inspection, the National AgroForestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department publishes the on-site inspection report, its list of FBOs approved for export to Vietnam. When inspection result is not satisfactory, the National AgroForestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department informs Competent Authorities of exporting countries of the non-compliance. 3. In case of request for additional FBOs approved to export to Vietnam, the Competent Authority of the exporting country submits additional registration document as described in the Article 9 of the Circular. As the result of document check and/or on-site inspection to the exporting country, additional FBOs shall be approved to export to Vietnam or not. 108
Chapter III FOOD HYGIENE AND SAFETY INSPECTION TO IMPORTED PRODUCTS Article 14. Inspection procedures 1. For products of aquatic animal origin: in compliance with the Decision No. 118/2008/QD-BNN of December 11, 2008 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development promulgating the Regulation on the official inspection and certification of food hygiene and safety of fishery commodities; Circular No. 78/2009/TT-BNNPTNT of December 10, 2009 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development regulating inspection and sampling for analysis of aquatic animal products and other relevant regulations. 2. For products of terrestrial animal origin: in compliance with the Decision No. 86/2005/QD-BNN of December 26, 2005 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development promulgating the quarantine forms of animal and animal products and veterinary hygiene inspection; Decision No. 15/2006/QD-BNN of March 8, 2006 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development promulgating the Regulation on the order and procedures of quarantine of animal and animal products and veterinary hygiene inspection; Circular No. 11/2009/TT-BNN of March 4, 2009 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development amending several specific provisions on the order and procedures of quarantine of animal and animal products and veterinary hygiene inspection promulgated by the Decision No. 15/2006/QD-BNN of March 8, 2006 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and other relevant regulations. Article 15. Inspection and supervision to imported products placed on the market 1. Check data of products’ origin; 2. Check conditions of storage, dividing up, packing and distribution on the market. 3. Take samples for analysis at authorized laboratories when non-compliance is detected or suspected or on request of competent authorities. Chapter IV ACTS ON TO NON-COMPLIANCE 109
Article 16. To non-compliant products 1. Depending on the seriousness of non-compliance, appropriate actions shall be applied to products: being re-dispatched or destroyed. 2. Competent Authority of the exporting country shall be required to investigate cause of non-compliance and apply corrective actions. Article 17. To non-compliant FBOs 1. Import suspension from non-compliant FBOs shall be applied to the FBOs where the result of follow-up inspection shows that the FBO’s food hygiene conditions have not fully met Vietnamese regulations. 2. The import suspension shall be lifted providing that the result of later follow-up inspection reflects the FBO’s compliance with Vietnamese regulations on food hygiene and safety. Article 18. To non-compliant exporting countries 1. Import suspension shall be applied to an exporting country when the result of follow-up inspection shows that the FHS control system of the country has not fully met Vietnamese regulations. 2. The import suspension shall be lifted providing that the result of later follow-up inspection reflects that the FHS control system of the exporting country has fully met Vietnamese regulations. Chapter V CHARGES, FEES AND BUDGET Article 19. Charges and fees 1. Inspecting bodies to border inspection posts are allowed to collect charges and fees for FHS inspection of imported products in compliance with regulations in force laid down by the Ministry of Finance. 2. Inspecting bodies to border inspection posts / bonded warehouses which issue health certificate are allowed to collect fees of FHS inspection and fees of FHS certification for imported products in compliance with regulations in force laid down by the Ministry of Finance. Article 20. Budget 110
1. Budget for inspections to exporting countries is covered by the State Budget. The National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance in co-ordination with the Department of Animal Health set up and submit annual inspection plan to exporting countries and respective estimated expenses for approval. 2. Budget for inspection and supervision to imported products placed on the market is covered by the State Budget. Inspecting and supervising bodies set up and submit annual inspection and supervision plan and respective estimated expenses for approval.
Chapter VI ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION Article 21. National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department (NAFIQAD) 1. To be contact point to receive Registration documents from Competent Authorities of exporting countries relating FHS conditions of FBOs registering to export to Vietnam; communicate to adopt annual inspection plan with Competent Authorities of exporting countries and submit the Minister for establishment of inspection mission to exporting countries; 2. To publish lists of FBOs approved to export products of animal origin to Vietnam; FBOs suspended to export to Vietnam; communicate notifications on non- compliance cases, request to investigate non-compliance causes and establish corrective actions to Competent Authorities of exporting countries; 3. To co-ordinate with the Department of Animal Health to build up Pre-mission questionnaires for Competent Authorities of exporting countries; 4. To set up inspection plans and programs to exporting countries to access their FHS control system and FBOs of products of animal origin; 5. To direct and supervise NAFIQAD Branches and subordinating units in FHS inspection and certification or non-compliance notifications; 6. To co-ordinate with the Department of Animal Health to trace back cause of non-compliance cases; 7. To direct NAFIQAD Branches and subordinating units to co-ordinate with concerned competent authorities to follow-up non-compliant cases; 8. To instruct National Agro-Forestry111
Fisheries QualityAssurance Sub- Departments of provinces/cities under Central Authority or relevant units under Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Development to carry out inspection and supervision of imported products distributed in the local market. 9. To make annual or unexpected reports (on request) to the Minister on inspection of imported products of animal origin; 10. To set up and submit for approval the annual inspection plan to imported products on assignment and respective estimated expenses for freeof-charge services. Article 22. Department of Animal Health (DAH) 1. To co-ordinate with the National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department to conduct inspection to FHS control systems of exporting countries; 2. To conduct on site inspection to FBOs of products of terrestrial animal origin in exporting countries; 3. To direct and supervise DAH Branches and subordinating units in FHS inspection and certification or non-compliance notifications; 4. To co-ordinate with the National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department to trace back cause of non-compliance cases; 5. To co-ordinate with the National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department to publish lists of FBOs approved to export products of animal origin into Vietnam; FBOs suspended to export into Vietnam; communicate notifications on non- compliance cases, request to investigate non-compliance causes and establish corrective actions to Competent Authorities of exporting countries; 6. To direct DAH Branches and subordinating units to co-ordinate with concerned competent authorities to follow-up non-compliant cases; 7. To instruct Sub-Departments of Animal Health of provinces/cities under Central Authority to carry out inspection and supervision of imported products distributed in the local market. 8. To provide the National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department with the annual or unexpected reports (on request) on FHS inspection, certification and non-compliance notifications of imported products of animal origin for comprehensive reports to the Minister; 9. To set up and submit for approval the annual inspection plan to imported products on assignment and respective estimated expenses for free112
of-charge services. Article
23. Rural
Departments of Agriculture and Development in provinces/cities under Central Authority
1. To direct Sub-Departments of Animal Health and Agro-ForestryFisheries Quality Assurance Sub-Departments in provinces/cities under Central Authority or authorized units to carry out inspection and supervision of imported products distributed in the local market in compliance with guidance of concerned Departments. 2. To direct the subordinating units to co-ordinate with other competent authorities in handling non-compliant products (destroying, redispatching) and monitoring the handling. 3. To provide with the annual or unexpected reports (on request) on FHS inspection and supervision of imported products of terrestrial animal origin to the Department of Animal Health; of aquatic animal origin to the National Agro-Forestry- Fisheries Quality Assurance Department for comprehensive reports to the Minister; 4. To set up and submit for approval the annual inspection plan to imported products on assignment and respective estimated expense. Article 24. Responsibilities of goods owner 1. To create good conditions for inspecting officers to carry out inspection, take samples for analysis and supervise products as prescribed. 2. To place products on the market only with health certificate issued by competent authorities. 3. To respect the decision on actions to non-compliance cases (destroying, re- dispatching) and be under the supervision of the competent bodies. 4. To provide with relevant dossiers and product samples for inspection and traceability. 5. To pay inspection fee, charge in compliance with the regulations in force by the Ministry of Finance and actual expenses in handling the non-compliant products. Article 25. Responsibilities of inspection team in exporting countries 1. To carry out inspection of food hygiene and safety control system 113
and food hygiene and safety conditions of food business operators in exporting countries in compliance with the decision on setting up an inspection team by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. 2. To co-ordinate with Competent authorities of exporting countries to implement inspection content. 3. To make inspection reports on FHS control system and FHS conditions of FBOs of products of animal origin in exporting countries to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development within 15 days after the inspection mission in the exporting country. Article 26. Entry into force Chapter VII ENFORCEMENT This Circular shall come into force as of July 01, 2010. Article 27. Amendment During enforcement, all involved units submit reports on difficulties to the Minister for consideration and appropriate amendment.
FOR THE MINISTER VICE-MINISTER (signed and sealed) Luong Le Phuong
114
Appendix 1 List of food business operators (FBO) registering for export to Vietnam No.
Business name
Approval number
Address Products registered for export to Vietnam
Remarks
Date:………. Food hygiene and safety of Competent Authority of the exporting country (Signature of the representative, stamp)
Appendix 2 Information on Food hygiene and safety control system and competencies of the Competent Authority of the exporting country 1. Organization structure and official control system: .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. 2. Official control staff (number of staff, qualification, technical trainings): .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. 3. Food hygiene and safety legislation, technical regulations, inspection and certification procedures: .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. 4. Monitoring, control (residues, pathogenic micro-organism) systems to food business operators: .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. 5. Food hygiene and safety inspection and supervision programs: .............................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................
Date:………. Food hygiene and safety of Competent Authority of the exporting country (Signature of the representative, stamp)
Appendix 3 Summary on Food hygiene and safety conditions of the food business operator 1. Business name: 2. Address: 3. Products: 4. Production conditions (production chain and export) Farming and processing areas: Farming, harvesting, preparation and processing methods: Feed handling and control measures applied in farming process: Packing (labeling), transport and distribution methods: 5. Quality management systems applied:
Date:………. Food hygiene and safety of Competent Authority of the exporting country (Signature of the representative, stamp)
Unofficial translation MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM Independence - Freedom – Happiness No. 29/2010/TTBNNPTNT Hanoi, May 6, 2010 CIRCULAR Promulgating the lists of food safety criteria and maximum levels thereof in certain domestically-produced or imported foodstuffs of animal origin under the management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Pursuant to the Decrees No. 01/2008/ND-CP of January 3, 2008 defining the functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; No. 75/2009/ND-CP of September 10, 2009 amending Article 3 of the Decree No. 01/2008/ND-CP of January 3, 2008 defining the functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; Pursuant to the Ordinance No. 12/2003/PL-UBTVQH of July 26, 2003 by Vietnamese Standing Committee of National Assembly on Food Hygiene and Safety. Pursuant to the Decree No. 163/2004/ND-CP of September 7, 2004 detailing some provisions of the Ordinance on Food Hygiene and Safety. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development promulgates the lists of food safety criteria and maximum levels thereof in certain domesticallyproduced or imported foodstuffs of animal origin. Article 1. This Circular includes: 1. The list of food safety criteria and maximum levels thereof in certain foodstuffs of terrestrial animal origin (Appendix 1);
2. The list of food safety criteria and maximum levels thereof in certain foodstuffs of aquatic animal origin (Appendix 2); Article 2. These lists are legal basis for inspecting bodies to make decision on criteria to be analyzed. The decision on criteria to be analyzed shall be based on the lists above and the following informations: 1. Compliance history of producers and importers; 2. Current situation of food safety risks in production area or country of origin; 3. Status of consignments and their accompanying documents; 4. Criteria to be analyzed shall be approved by leaders of inspecting bodies in compliance with guidelines of higher authorities. Article 3. This Circular takes effect as of July 1, 2010.
Article 4. These lists shall be reviewed, modified and supplemented as necessary to meet management requirements. Any problems arising in the course of implementation should be promptly reported to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development for settlement. Article 5. The Chief of the Ministry’s Office, the Director General of the National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department, Heads of units under the Ministry, involved individuals and organizations are responsible for the implementation of this Circular. FOR THE MINISTER VICE MINISTER (Signed and sealed) Luong Le Phuong
APPENDIX 2 LIST OF FOOD SAFETY CRITERIA AND MAXIMUM LEVELS THEREOF IN CERTAIN FOODSTUFFS OF AQUATIC ANIMAL ORIGIN 1. Microbiological criteria 1.1. Products at the end of manufacturing process (for products produced in Vietnam) or at border inspection posts (for imported products) Foodstuff of aquatic animal originFood
Criteria
HS Code
Shelledcategory and
n E. coli
5
Maximum level § ( c) m 2
M
1/g
10/g
030 shucked Coagulase6, 10 products 030 positive 5 2 0 of 7, staphyloco cfu/ cooked 1604, 1605 cci g crustace ans and mollusca n 1.2. Products placed on the market (during their shelf-life): shellfish
Foodstuff of aquatic animal origin
Maximum level (**)
Criteria
Food HS Code Cooked category 0306, Salmonella crustaceans and 0307, molluscan shellfish 1604, 1605 Live bivalve 0307 Salmonella molluscs and live echinoderms, E. coli tunicates and gastropods
10 00 cfu/ g
n
c
5
0
Absence in 25g
5
0
Absence in 25g 230 MPN/100g
1
(**)
0
m
2. Chemical criteria 2.1. Heavy metals Foodstuff of aquatic animal origin
Maximum
M
Food category Muscle meat of fish Crustaceans (excluding brown meat of crab and excluding head and thorax meat of lobster and similar Bivalve molluscs large crustaceans) Cephalopods (without viscera)
§
HS Code
Criteria
residue limit 0,3 mg/kg
Lead (Pb)
0,5 mg/kg
0302, 0303, 0304, 0305 0306 0307
1,5 mg/kg
0307
1,0 mg/kg
- n: number of units comprising the sample, - c: number of sample units giving values between m and M, total number of the samples giving the value between m and M which exceeds c is considered unsatisfactory, - m: limit below which all results are considered satisfactory, - M: acceptability limit beyond which the results are considered unsatisfactory, - MPN: Most Probable Number Method ** 1 pooled sample comprising a minimum of 10 aquatic animals taken and homogenized in 1 sample
Foodstuff of aquatic animal origin Food HS Code Muscle meat of category 0302, 0303, anchovy, bonito, 0304, 0305 common two-banede sea bream, eel, grey mullet, horse mackerel or scad, luvar, sardine, sardinops
Muscle meat of swordfish Crustaceans (excluding brown meat of crab and excluding head and thorax meat of lobster and Bivalve molluscs similar large Cephalopods crustaceans) (without viscera) Fishery products and muscle meat of fish, excluding listed Muscle meat ofspecies anglerfish, above catfish, bonito, eel, rosy soldierfish, cod, halibut, marlin, megrim, mullet, pike, poor cod, portugese dogfish, rays, redfish, sailfish, scabbard fish, seabream, shark, snake mackerel, sturgeon, swordfish
03026910, 03037910, 0304
Criteria
Maximum residue limit 0,1 mg/kg
Cadimi (Cd)
0,3 mg/kg
0,5 mg/kg
0306 0307 0307
2,0 mg/kg 2,0 mg/kg
0302, 0303, 0304, 0305
0,05 mg/kg
03026910, 03037910, 0304
1,0 mg/kg Mercury (Hg)
Fishery products and muscle meat of fish (excluding species listed 0302, 0303, 0304, 0305, above), including 0306, 0307 crustaceans (excluding brown meat of crab and excluding head and thorax meat of lobster and similar 2.2. Veterinary drug residues large crustaceans) Foodstuff of aquatic animal o Food HS r category i Code g i n 0302, Meat of 0303, aquaculture 0304, fish 0305
C r i t Tetracycline e Chlortetracycline r i Oxytetracycline a Sulfonamides (total)
0,5 mg/kg
Maximum residue limit 100 µg/kg 100 µg/kg 100 µg/kg 100 µg/kg
Danofloxacin
100 µg/kg
Difloxacin
300 µg/kg
Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin (total) Flumequin
100 µg/kg 600 µg/kg in fish, 200 µg/kg in others
Foodstuff of aquatic animal origi n Food category HS Code
Criteria
Maximum residue limit
Sarafloxacin
30 µ g/kg
Oxolinic acid
100 µg/kg
Florfenicol
1000 µg/kg
Trimethoprim
50 µ g/kg
2.3. Biotoxins Foodstuff of aquatic animal origin Food HS Code
Criteria
Maximum level
Bivalvecategory molluscs
PSP
0,8 mg/kg
Bivalve molluscs
ASP
20 mg/kg
DSP
Negative, or - Okadaic acid + Dinophysis toxins + Pecteno toxins (total): 160 µ g/kg - Yessotoxins: 1mg/kg - Azaspiracids: 160 µ g/kg (flesh + intra-valvular liquid)
0307 Bivalve molluscs
Fishery products produced from fish species with high histidine content
0302, 0303, 0304, 0305,
n=9, c=2 m=100 mg/kg, M=200 mg/kg (*)
Fishery products, produced from fish species with high content and treated with enzyme fermentation in salt solvent
16030090, 16042099
Histamine n=9, c=2 m= 200 mg/kg, M= 400 mg/kg (*)
THE PRESIDENT Order No. 06/2010/L-CTN of June 28, 2010, on the promulgation of law THE PRESIDENT OF THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Pursuant to Articles 103 and 106 of the 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, which was amended and supplemented under Resolution No. 51/2001/QH10 of December 25, 2001, of the Xth National Assembly, the 10th session; Pursuant to Article 91 of the Law on Organization of the National Assembly; Pursuant to Article 57 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents, PROMULGATES: the Law on Food Safety which was passed on June 17, 2010, by the XIIth National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its 7th session. President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam NGUYEN MINH TRIET Law On Food Safety (No. 55/2010/QH12) Pursuant to the 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, which was amended and supplemented under Resolution No. 51/2001/QH10; The National Assembly promulgates the Law on Food Safety. Chapter 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1. Scope of regulation This Law provides for rights and obligations of organizations and individuals in assuring food safety: conditions for assuring safety of foods and food production, trading, import and export; food advertisement and labeling; food testing; food safety risk analysis: prevention, stopping and remedying of food safety incidents; food safety information, education and communication; and responsibilities for state management of food safety. Article 2. Interpretation of terms In this Law. the terms below are construed as follows: 1. Food safety means the assurance that food does not cause harm to human health and life. 2. Food-borne disease means a disease caused by eating or drinking a food contaminated with pathogens. 3. Food processing aid means a substance which is intentionally used in the processing of food materials or food ingredients in order to achieve a technological purpose and can be removed from or remains in foods. 4. Food processing means a process of preparing preliminarily processed food or fresh and raw food by an industrial or manual method to create food
materials or food products. 5. Catering service establishment means a food-preparing facility, such as shop or stall trading in ready-to-eat food and cooked food restaurant, facility preparing ready-to-eat food portions, canteen or collective kitchen. 6. Conditions for food safety assurance means technical regulations and other regulations applicable to food, food producers and traders and food production and trading activities promulgated by competent state agencies for the purpose of assuring food safety for human health and life. 7. Food testing means the conduct of one or several tests and assessments of the conformity with relevant technical regulations and standards of food, food additives, food processing aids, food fortifiers, packages, tools and food containers. 8. Food trading means the conduct of one, several or all activities of food display, preservation service, transportation service or trading. 9. Food product lot means a specified quantity of a type of products bearing the same name, of the same quality, ingredients and shelf life, and produced by the same producer. 10. Food poisoning means a pathological state caused by absorbing contaminated or poisonous food. 11. Food contamination risk means the possibility that contaminants infiltrate into a food in the course of production or trading. 12. Food contamination means the presence of contaminants in food which are harmful to human health or life. 13. Food additive means a substance with or without nutritious value, which is intentionally added to food in the process of production in order to retain or improve particular characteristics of food. 14. Food production means the conduct of one. several or all activities of cultivation rearing, harvest, fishing, exploitation, preliminary processing, processing, packaging and preservation in order to make food. 15. Primary production means the conduct of one, several or all activities of cultivation, rearing, harvest, fishing and exploitation. 16. Preliminary processing of food means the treatment of cultivated, reared, collected, harvested, fished or exploited products in order to make ready-to-eat fresh and raw food or a food material or semi-finished products for the food processing stage. 17. Food safety incident means a circumstance occurring due to food poisoning, a food-borne disease or another food-induced circumstance which is directly harmful to human health or life. 18. Contaminant means an element which is unwanted and unintentionally added to food and likely to adversely affect food safety.
19. Shelf life means the period before the end of which a food still retains its nutritious value and remains safe under the preservation conditions indicated on its label under the producer's guidance. 20. Food means a product eaten or drunk by humans in fresh and raw, preliminarily processed, processed or preserved form. Food excludes cosmetics, cigarettes and substances used as pharmaceuticals. 21. Fresh and raw food means unprocessed food, including fresh meat, eggs, fish, aquatic products, vegetables, tubers and fruits and other unprocessed foods. 22. Micronutrient-fortified food means food supplemented with vitamins, minerals and trace elements in order to prevent or remedy the harm caused by the deficiency of these substances or elements to the health of the community or a particular group in the community. 23. Functional food means a food used to support a function of the human body, relax the body, boost the immunity against diseases, including supplements, health protection food and medical nutritious food. 24. Genetically modified food means a food containing one or several ingredients which have been genetically engineered. 25. Irradiated food means a food which has been irradiated by a radioactive source to treat the food, preventing it from degeneration. 26. Street food means a food processed for instant consumption and sold by vendors on streets or in public or similar places. 27. Prepackaged food means a food completely packaged and labeled, ready for sale for further processing or instant consumption. 28. Tracing of food origin means the tracking down of the creation and circulation of food. Article 3. Principles of food safety management 1. To assure food safety is the responsibility of all food producers and traders. 2. Food production and trading are conditional activities; and food producers and traders shall bear responsibility for the safety of food they produce or trade in. 3. Food safety management must be based on relevant technical regulations and regulations promulgated by competent state management agencies and applicable standards announced by producers. 4. Food safety management must be conducted throughout the course of food production and trading on the basis of food safety risk analysis. 5. Food safety management must ensure a clear division of responsibilities and powers and inter-sector coordination. 6. Food safety management must meet requirements of socio-economic
development. Article 4. State policies on food safety 1. To elaborate strategies and master plans on food safety assurance, regarding the planning of zones for safe food production according to the food supply chain as a priority key task. 2. To use state resources and other resources to invest in scientific research and technological application to serve food safety risk analysis; to build new laboratories and upgrade some existing ones up to regional or international standards; to raise the capacity of existing analysis laboratories; to support investment in building zones producing safe food materials, wholesale markets for farm produce and food, and industrial-scale cattle and poultry. 3. To encourage food producers and traders to renew technologies and expand their production: to produce high-quality and safe food; to fortify food with essential micronutrients: to build their brands and develop their safe food supply systems. 4. To establish a legal framework and realize a roadmap for compulsory application of good manufacturing practices (GMP), good agricultural practices (GAP), good hygiene practices (GHP) and hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) and other advanced food safety management systems in food production and trading. 5. To undertake international cooperation, step up the conclusion of treaties and international agreements on accreditation and mutual recognition in the field of food. 6. To promptly commend and reward organizations and individuals that produce or trade in safe foods. 7. To encourage and create conditions for domestic societies, associations, organizations and individuals and foreign organizations and individuals to invest or participate in the elaboration of standards, technical regulations and testing of food safety. 8. To increase investment in and diversify forms and methods of public information and education to raise public awareness about the consumption of safe food, sense of responsibility and business ethics of food producers and traders towards the community. Article 5. Prohibited acts 1. Using for food processing purposes materials other than those permitted for use in food. 2. Using food materials which have passed their shelf life, arc of unclear origin or unsafe for food production and processing. 3. Using food additives or food processing aids which have passed their shelf life or are outside the list of those permitted for use or using permitted additives
or food processing aids in excess of allowable dosages: using chemicals of unclear origins or banned chemicals in food production or trading. 4. Using animals which died of diseases, epidemics or unidentified causes or animal carcasses subject to destruction for food production or trading. 5. Producing or trading in: a/ Food breaching regulations on goods labeling; b/ Food unconformable with relevant technical regulations: c/ Degenerated food; d/ Food containing toxic or hazardous substances or contaminated with toxins or contaminants in excess of allowable limits; e/ Food which is contaminated for the reason that their packages or containers are unsafe, broken, torn or deformed in the course of transportation; f/ Meat or meat products which have not yet gone through veterinary inspection or have gone through veterinary inspection but fail to meet requirements; g/ Food banned from production or trading for the purpose of epidemic prevention and combat; h/ Food for which regulation conformity declarations have not yet been registered with competent state agencies in case such food subject to regulation conformity declaration registration; i/ Food which is of unclear origin or has passed its shelf life. 6. Using vehicles which can cause food contamination or vehicles which have transported toxic or hazardous substances but not yet been cleaned up for transporting food materials or foods. 7. Supplying untruthful or forging food testing results. 8. Covering up. falsifying or obliterating scenes or evidence of food safety incidents or committing other acts of intentionally obstructing the detection and remedy of food safety incidents. 9. Employing persons infected with contagious diseases in food production or trading. 10. Producing or trading in food at establishments without certificates of satisfaction of food safety conditions prescribed by law. 11. Advertising food untruthfully or confusingly to consumers. 12. Publishing or publicly notifying misleading information on food safety, thus causing public disparagement or damage to food production and trading. 13. Using illegally roadbeds, pavements. corridors or common yards, passageways and auxiliary spaces for street food processing, producing or trading. 1. Food producers and traders that violate the law on food safely shall, depending on the nature and severity of their violations, be administratively handled or examined for penal liability. If causing damage, they shall pay
compensations and remedy consequences under law. 2. Persons who abuse their positions and powers to violate this Law or other regulations on food safety shall, depending on the nature and severity of their violations, be disciplined or examined for penal liability. If causing damage, they shall pay compensations under law. 3. Fines for administrative violations specified in Clause 1 of this Article comply with the law on handling of administrative violations In case the highest fine prescribed by the law on handling of administrative violations is lower than 7 times the value of the violating food, a higher fine not exceeding 7 times the value of the violating food may be imposed. Money amounts earned from violations shall be confiscated under law. 4. The Government shall specify administrative violations in the field of food safely mentioned in this Article, and forms and levels of sanctioning of these violations. Chapter II RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS IN ASSURING FOOD SAFETY Article 7. Rights and obligations of food producers 1. Food producers have the following rights: a/ To decide on and announce standards of products they produce and supply; to decide on application of internal control measures to assure food safety; b/ To request food traders to cooperate in recalling and disposing of unsafe food; c/ To select conformity assessment organizations and testing establishments already designated to certify regulation conformity; d/ To use standard conformity stamps and regulation conformity stamps and other marks for their products under law; e/ To lodge complaints and denunciations and file lawsuits under law; f/ To get compensations for damage under law. 2. Food producers have the following obligations: a/ To comply with conditions for food safety assurance, assure food safety in the process of production, and take responsibility for the safety of food they produce; b/ To comply with the Government's regulations on fortification of micronutrients the deficiency of which will affect community health; c/ To provide adequate and accurate information on products on their labels and packages or in documents accompanying food under the law on goods labeling;
d/ To establish a self-inspection process in the course of food production: e/ To provide truthful information on food safety: to give timely, adequate and accurate warnings about the risk of food to become unsafe and provide preventive methods for sellers and consumers; to notify requirements on the transportation, storage, preservation and use of food: f/ To promptly suspend food production, notify concerned parties of and take consequence remedies upon detecting unsafe food or food unconformable with announced standards or relevant technical regulations: g/ To keep dossiers, food samples and necessary information under regulations on tracing of food origin; to comply with regulations on tracing of origins of unsafe foods under Article 54 of this Law; h/ To recall and dispose of food which has passed their shelf life or are unsafe. In case foods are to be destroyed, the food destruction must comply with the law on environmental protection and other relevant laws and food producers shall bear all expenses for destruction; i/ To comply with law as well as. inspection or examination decisions of competent state agencies; j/ To pay sampling and testing expenses as prescribed in Article 48 of this Law; k/ To pay compensations under law for damage caused by unsafe food they produce. Article 8. Rights and obligations of food traders 1. Foods traders have the following rights: a/ To decide on internal control measures to maintain food quality, hygiene and safety; b/ To request food producers and importers to cooperate in recalling and diiod: c/ To select testing establishments to inspect food safety; to select testing establishments already designated for certification of regulation conformity for imported food; d/ To lodge complaints and denunciations and file lawsuits under law; e/ To get compensations for damage under law. 2. Foods traders have the following obligations: a/ To comply with conditions for food safety assurance in the course of trading and take responsibility for the safety of food they trade in; b/ To inspect food origins and labels and documents related to food safety; to keep dossiers on food; to comply with regulations on tracing of origins of unsafe food under Article 54 of this Law; c/ To supply truthful information of food safety; to notify consumers of safety assurance conditions in the course of food transportation, storage,
preservation and use: d/ To promptly provide information on risks of food to become unsafe and methods of risk prevention to consumers upon receiving warnings of food producers or importers; e/ To promptly suspend their trading operation and inform food producers or importers and consumers of unsafe food upon detecting such food: f/ To promptly report to a competent agency on a food poisoning or a disease borne by foods they trade in and promptly remedy its consequences upon detecting it; g/ To cooperate with food producers and importers and competent state agencies in investigating food poisoning cases in order to remedy consequences, recall or dispose of unsafe food; h/ To comply with law as well as inspection or examination decisions of competent state agencies; i/ To pay food sampling and testing expenses as specified in Article 48 of this Law; j/ To pay compensations under law for damage caused by unsafe food they trade in. Article 9. Rights and obligations of food consumers 1. Food consumers have the following rights: a/ To be provided with truthful information on food safety, and appropriate instructions for food use. transportation, storage, preservation, selection and use; to be informed of risks of food to become unsafe and methods of risk prevention upon receiving warnings; b/ To request food producers and traders to protect their interests under law; c/ To request consumer interest protection organizations to protect their lawful rights and interests under the law on consumer interest protection: d/To lodge complaints and denunciations and file lawsuits under law; e/ To get compensations under law for their damage caused by consumption of unsafe food. 2. Food consumers have the following obligations: a/ To fully comply with regulations and guidance of food producers and traders on food safety in transportation, storage, preservation and use: b/ To promptly provide information on risks of food to become unsafe upon detecting these risks, and report food poisonings and food-home diseases to the nearest People's Committee, medical examination and treatment establishments, competent state agencies and food producers and traders: c/ To comply with the law on environmental protection in the course of food consumption. Chapter III
FOOD SAFETY ASSURANCE CONDITIONS Article 10. General conditions on food safety assurance 1. To conform with relevant technical regulations, to meet limit requirements for pathogenic microorganisms, residues of plant protection drugs or veterinary drugs, heavy metals, contaminants and other substances in food that may cause harm to human health and life. 2. Depending on each type of food, in addition to the conditions specified in Clause 1 of this Article, food must comply with one or more of the following regulations: a/ Regulations on use of food additives and processing aids in food production and trading: b/ Regulations on food packaging and labeling; c/ Regulations on food preservation. 1. To meet the conditions specified in Article 10 of this Law. 2. To guarantee the origin tracing under Article 54 of this Law. 3. To have veterinary hygiene certificates issued by competent veterinary agencies for fresh and raw food of animal origin under the animal health law. Article 12. Safety assurance conditions for processed food 1. To meet the conditions specified in Article 10 of this Law. 2. Original materials of food must be safe and retain their inherent properties. Materials forming a food must not interact with one another to create products harmful to human health and life. 3. Prepackaged processed food must have regulation conformity announcements registered with competent state agencies prior to market sale. The Government shall specify the registration of regulation conformity announcements of prepackaged processed food and their validity term. Article 13. Safety assurance conditions for micronutrient-fortified food 1. To meet the conditions specified in Article 10 of this Law. 2. Original materials of food must be safe and retain their inherent properties. Materials forming a food must not interact with one another to create products harmful to human health and life. 3. Only micronutrients being vitamins, minerals and trace elements on the Minister of Health's list may be added to food with a content unharmful to human health and life. Article 14. Safety assurance conditions for functional foods 1. To meet the conditions specified in Article 10 of this Law. 2. To have scientific information and documents proving the effects of their ingredients that create the announced functions.
3. Functional foods which are first put on market sale must have a report on testing of their effect. 4. The Minister of Health shall specify the management of functional foods. Article 15. Safety assurance conditions for genetically modified food 1. To meet the conditions specified in Article 10 of this Law. 2. To comply with the Government's regulations on safety assurance for human health and the environment. Article 16. Safety assurance conditions for irradiated food 1. To meet the conditions specified in Article 10 of this Law. 2. To be on the list of food permitted for irradiation. 3. To meet regulations on irradiation doses. 4. The Minister of Health, the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Minister of Industry and Trade shall promulgate lists of food permitted for irradiation and allowable irradiation doses for food in their assigned management domains. Article 17. Safety assurance conditions for food additives and processing aids 1. To conform with relevant technical regulations, to comply with regulations on food additives and processing aids. 2. To have use instructions written on their labels or inserts in each product unit in Vietnamese and another language depending on the origin of products. 3. To be on the Minister of Health's list of food additives and processing aids permitted for use in food production and trading. 4. To register regulation conformity announcements with competent state agencies prior to market sale. The Government shall specify the registration of regulation conformity announcements and their validity term for food additives and processing aids. Article 18. Safety assurance conditions for food-packaging tools and food packages and containers 1. To be made of safe materials, guaranteeing that they do not release toxic substances, strange smell or taste into food, and they preserve food quality within the shelf life. 2. To conform with relevant technical regulations, to meet the Ministry of Health's regulations on food-packaging tools and food packages and containers. 3. To register regulation conformity announcements with competent state agencies prior to market sale. The Government shall specify the registration of regulation conformity
announcements and their validity term for food-packaging tools and food packages and containers. FOOD SAFETY ASSURANCE CONDITIONS FOR FOOD PRODUCTION AND TRADING Section I. GENERAL CONDITIONS ON FOOD SAFETY ASSURANCE FOR FOOD PRODUCTION AND TRADING Article 19. Food safety assurance conditions for food producers and traders 1. Food producers and traders must meet the following conditions: a/ Having suitable venues with appropriate areas and safety distance from toxic and contaminating sources and other harmful factors; b/ Having sufficient technically qualified water for food production and trading: c/ Having adequate appropriate equipment to process materials and process, package, preserve and transport different types of food: having adequate washing and sterilization equipment and tools, disinfecting fluid, and equipment for preventing and controlling insects and harmful animals; d/ Having a waste treatment system which operates regularly under the law on environmental protection: e/ Maintaining food safety assurance conditions and keeping records of source and origin of food materials and other documents on the entire food production and trading process; f/ Complying with regulations on health, knowledge and practices of persons directly engaged in food production and trading. 2. The Minister of Health, the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Minister of Industry and Trade shall promulgate national technical regulations and specify food safely assurance conditions for food producers and traders in their assigned management domains. Article 20. Food safety assurance conditions for food preservation 1. Food producers and traders must meet the following conditions for food preservation: a/ Having preservation places and means which are large enough to preserve each type of food separately, allow technically safe and precise loading and unloading and guarantee preservation hygiene: b/ Preventing the effects of temperature, humidity, insects, animals, dust, strange smell and negative environmental effects. c/ Complying with preservation regulations of food producers and traders.
2. The Minister of Health, the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Minister of Industry and Trade shall promulgate national technical regulations and specify food safely assurance conditions for food preservation in their assigned management domains. Article 21. Food safety assurance conditions for food transportation 1. Organizations and individuals transporting food must meet the following conditions: a/ Means for transporting foods are made of materials which do not contaminate food and food packages and are easy to clean; b/ Food preservation conditions as required by food producers and traders are maintained throughout the course of transportation; c/ Food is not transported together with toxic goods or goods which may cause cross-contamination and affect food quality. 2. Competent state management agencies shall provide means for transporting food and routes for transporting fresh and raw food in urban areas. Article 22. Food safety assurance conditions for small-scale food production and trading 1. Small-scale food producers and traders must meet the following food safety assurance conditions: a/ Ensuring safely distance from toxic and contaminating sources: b/ Having sufficient technically qualified water for food production and trading: c/ Having appropriate equipment for food production and trading which neither harm nor contaminate food; d/ Using materials, chemicals, food additives, processing aids, food-packaging tools and food packages and containers in preliminary processing, processing and preservation of food; e/ Complying with regulations on health, knowledge and practices of persons directly engaged in food production and trading: f/ Collecting and treating waste under the law on environmental protection; g/ Maintaining food safety assurance conditions and storing trading-related information to ensure the tracing of food origin. 2. The Minister of Health, the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Minister of Industry and Trade shall promulgate national technical regulations and specify food safety assurance conditions for small-scale food production and trading in their assigned management domains. 3. People's Committees of provinces and centrally run cities (below referred to
as provincial-level People's Committees) shall promulgate local technical regulations and specify food safety assurance conditions for small-scale food production and trading for local particular food. Section 2. FOOD SAFETY ASSURANCE CONDITIONS FOR PRODUCTION AND TRADING IN FRESH AND RAW FOOD Article 23. Food safety assurance conditions for producers of fresh and raw food 1. Producers of fresh and raw food must meet the following conditions: a/ Meeting requirements on cultivation land, water sources and production places for producing safe food; b/ Complying with the laws on use of plant varieties and livestock breeds; fertilizer, animal feed, plant protection drugs, veterinary drugs, growth, weight and sexual maturity stimulants, food preservatives and other food safetyrelated substances; c/ Complying with regulations on animal quarantine and hygiene in animal slaughtering; and plant quarantine for crop products; d/ Treating waste under the law on environmental protection: e/ Using detergents, disinfectants and antidotes which are safe for humans and the environment; f/ Maintaining food safety assurance conditions, keeping records of source and origin of food materials and other documents on the entire process to produce fresh and raw food. 2. The Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development shall provide specific food safety assurance conditions for producers of fresh and raw food. Article 24. Food safety assurance conditions for traders of fresh and raw food 1. Traders of fresh and raw food must meet the following conditions:a/ Meeting safety assurance conditions for food-packaging tools and food packages and containers and for food preservation and transportation specified in Articles 18. 20 and 21 of this Law; b/ Ensuring and maintaining hygiene in business places. 2. The Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development shall provide specific food safety assurance conditions for traders of fresh and raw food. Section 3. FOOD SAFETY ASSURANCE CONDITIONS FOR PRELIMINARY PROCESSING AND PROCESSING OF FOOD AND TRADING IN PROCESSED FOOD Article 25. Food safety assurance conditions for preliminary processors and processors of food
1. To meet the conditions specified in Article 19 of this Law. 2. The preliminary processing or processing of food must ensure that food is neither contaminated nor in contact with contaminants or toxic elements. Article 26. Food safety assurance conditions for food materials and additives, processing aids and micronutrients for food processing 1. Materials used for food processing must be within their shelf life, of clear origin and safe and retain their inherent properties. Materials forming a food must not interact with one another to create products harmful to human health and life. 2. The use of micronutrients. food additives and processing aids must comply with Articles 13 and 17 of this Law. Article 27. Food safety assurance conditions for traders of processed food 1. Traders of prepackaged processed food must meet the following conditions: a/ Complying with regulations on food labeling: b/ Meeting the safety assurance conditions for food-packaging tools and food packages and containers and for food preservation specified in Articles 18 and 20 of this Law: c/ Ensuring and maintaining hygiene in business places; d/ Preserving food as required by producers. 2. Traders of non-prepackaged processed food must meet the following conditions: a/ Adopting measures to ensure that food is neither spoiled, moldy nor animals dust and other contaminants; b/ Washing or sterilizing the tableware and food containers before use of instant food; c/ Obtaining information on the origin and production date of food. Section 4. FOOD SAFETY ASSURANCE CONDITIONS FOR COMMERCIAL PROVISION OF CATERING SERVICES Article 28. Food safety assurance conditions for food processing places and commercial provision of catering services 1. Kitchens are arranged in a way to ensure that unprocessed and processed food is not cross-contaminated. 2. Having sufficient technically qualified water for food processing and trading. 3. Having hygienic devices for collecting and containing garbage and waste. 4. Sewers in the areas of shops and kitchens must be drained without any
stagnancy. 5. Eating rooms must be airy. cool, sufficiently lit and kept clean and have equipment to prevent insects and harmful animals. 6. Having food preservation equipment and toilets and collecting waste and garbage daily. 7. Heads of units having collective kitchens shall take responsibility for food safety. Article 29. Food safety assurance conditions for food processors and catering services providers 1. To have separate utensils and containers for raw and cooked food. 2. To ensure safety and hygiene of cooking and processing utensils. 3. The tableware must be made of safe materials and kept clean and dry. 4. To comply with regulations on health, knowledge and practices of persons directly engaged in food production and trading. Article 30. Food safety assurance conditions for food processing and preservation 1. To use safe food and food materials of clear origin and keep food samples. 2. To process food safely and hygienically. 3. Food on sale must be placed in glass showcases or hygienic preservation containers on tables or shelves above the ground, which can prevent dust, rain, sunshine, insects and harmful animals. Section 5. FOOD SAFETY ASSURANCE CONDITIONS FOR STREET FOOD SALE Article 31. Food safety assurance conditions for street food display places 1. To be separated from toxic and contaminating sources. 2. To display food on tables, shelves or means which meet requirements on food hygiene and safety and street landscape.
Article 32. Food safety assurance conditions for food materials and containers, eating utensils, food containers and street vendors 1. Materials for processing street food must meet food safety requirements and have clear source and origin. 2. Eating utensils and food containers must be hygienically safe. 3. Packages and materials in direct contact with food must neither contaminate nor release contaminants into food. 4. To have devices to prevent sunshine, rain, dust, insects and harmful
animals. 5. To sufficiently have technically qualified water for food processing and trading. 6. To comply with regulations on health, knowledge and practices of persons directly engaged in food production and trading. Article 33. Responsibilities for management of street food sale 1. The Minister of Health shall specify food safety assurance conditions for street food sale. 2. People's Committees at all levels shall manage street food sale in their localities. Chapter V CERTIFICATION OF FOOD SAFETY ELIGIBILITY FOR ESTABLISHMENTS IN FOOD PRODUCTION AND TRADING Article 34. Establishments and conditions for the grant and withdrawal of certificates of food safety eligibility 1. An establishment shall be granted a certificate of food safety eligibility when it fully meets the following conditions: a/ Having adequate conditions for assuring food safety suitable to each type of food production and trading as prescribed in Chapter IV of this Law; b/ Having registered for food production and trading as indicated in its business registration certificate. 2. An organization or individual shall have its/his/her certificate of food safety eligibility withdrawn when it/he/she no longer satisfies all conditions prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article. 3. The Government shall specify establishments not subject to the grant of certificates of food safety eligibility. Article 35. Competence to grant and withdraw certificates of food safety eligibility The Minister of Health, the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Minister of Industry and Trade shall specify the competence to grant and withdraw certificates of food safety eligibility in their assigned management domains. Article 36. Dossiers, order and procedures for the grant of certificates of food safety eligibility 1. A dossier of application for a certificate of food safety eligibility comprises: a/ An application for a certificate of food safety eligibility: b/ A copy of the business registration certificate:
c/ Written explanations about the satisfaction of food safety and hygiene conditions of physical foundations, equipment and tools as prescribed by competent state management agencies: d/ Health certificates of the establishments owner and persons directly engaged in food production and trading, issued by a district- or higher-level health establishment: e/ Certificates of training in knowledge about food safety and hygiene of the establishment's owner and persons directly engaged in food production and trading as prescribed by line ministers. 2. The order of and procedures for the grant of certificates of food safety eligibility a/ Food producers and traders shall submit dossiers of application for certificates of food safety eligibility to a competent state management agency defined in Article 35 of this Law; b/ Within 15 days after the receipt of a complete and valid dossier, the competent state agency shall conduct field inspection of food safety assurance conditions at the producer's or trader's establishment. If all conditions are met. it shall grant a certificate of food safety eligibility; in case of refusing to grant a certificate, it shall issue a written reply clearly stating the reason. Article 37. Validity duration of certificates of food safety eligibility 1. A certificate of food safety eligibility is valid for 3 years. 2. At least 6 months before the expiration date of a certificate of food safety eligibility, if the food producer or trader wishes to continue its/ his/her production or trading activities, it/he/she shall submit a dossier of application for the re-grant of a certificate of food safety eligibility. Dossiers of application and the order of and procedures for re-grant of certificates comply with Article 36 of this Law. Chapter VI FOOD IMPORT AND EXPORT Section I. SAFETY ASSURANCE CONDITIONS FOR IMPORTED FOOD Article 38. Safety assurance conditions for imported food 1. Imported food, food additives, processing aids and imported food-packaging tools, food packages and containers must satisfy relevant conditions prescribed in Chapter III of this Law and the following conditions: a/ Having their technical regulation-conformity announcements registered at a competent state agency before import; b/ Having obtained a notice of satisfaction of import requirements issued by a designated inspection agency for each goods lot as prescribed by line
ministers. 2. In addition to the conditions prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article, functional food, micronutrient-fortified food, genetically modified food and irradiated food must obtain a certificate of free sale or health certificate as prescribed by the Government. 3. In case Vietnam has not yet promulgated relevant technical regulations food, food additives and processing aids and imported food- packaging tools, food packages and containers, international agreements or treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a contracting party will apply. Article 39. St3ate inspection of food safety with regard to imported food 1. Imported food, food additives and processing aids and imported foodpackaging tools, food packages and containers arc subject to state inspection of food safety, except for some kinds of food which are exempted from state inspection of food safety as prescribed by the Government. 2. Food imported from countries which have concluded with Vietnam treaties on mutual recognition of food safety certification is eligible for reduced inspection, except for cases in which signs of violation of Vietnam's law on food safely are warned or have been detected. 3. The Government shall specify the exemption from state inspection of food safety for some kinds of imported food; the order of and procedures for state inspection of food safety in countries from which food will be exported to Vietnam under treaties to which Vietnam is a contracting party. Article 40. Order, procedures and methods of state inspection of food safety with regard to imported food 1. The order of and procedures for state inspection of food safety with regard to imported food, food additives, processing aids, food-packaging tools, food packages and containers comply with the law on product and goods quality and the following provisions: a/ Food may be transported to warehouses for preservation pending customs clearance only when they have a registration for food safety inspection: b/ Customs clearance shall only be effected when there is a written certification of satisfaction of import requirements. 2. Modes of state inspection of food safety for imported food, food additives, processing aids, food-packaging tools, food packages and containers: a/ Tightened inspection: b/ Normal inspection; c/ Reduced inspection. 3. The Minister of Health, the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development
and the Minister of Industry and Trade shall specify agencies in charge of conducting state inspection of food safety and the application of modes of slate inspection of food safety with regard to imported food, food additives, processing aids, food-packaging tools, food packages and containers. Section 2. SAFETY ASSURANCE CONDITIONS FOR EXPORTED FOOD Article 41. Safety assurance conditions for exported food 1. Meeting Vietnam's food assurance safety conditions. 2. Being conformable with food safety regulations of countries of importation as provided in contracts or treaties and international agreements on mutual recognition of results of conformity evaluation signed with concerned countries or territories. Article 42. Certification of exported food 1. Competent Vietnamese state agencies shall grant certificates of free sale, health certificates, certificates of origin or other certificates for exported food, if so requested by countries of importation. 2. The Minister of Health, the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Minister of Industry and Trade shall provide for dossiers and procedures for the grant of certificates specified in Clause 1 of this Article in their assigned management domains. Chapter VII. FOOD ADVERTISEMENT AND LABELING Article 43. Food advertisement 1. Food advertisement shall be carried out by food producers and traders or advertisement service providers under the law on advertisement. 2. Before registering for food advertisement, organizations and individuals that have food to be advertised shall send dossiers to competent state management agencies for certification of advertisement contents. 3. Advertisement makers, advertisement service providers and organizations and individuals with to-be-advertised food may only make advertisement after the advertisement contents are appraised, and must strictly comply with certified contents. The Minister of Health, the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Minister of Industry and Trade shall specify kinds of food of which advertisement must be registered: and the competence, order and procedures for certification of contents of food advertisements under their assigned. Article 44. Food labeling 1. Producers and importers of food, food additives and processing aids in
Vietnam shall label food under the law on goods labeling. The shelf life of food shown on their labels shall, depending on the type of food, be written as "expiry date", "use by” or "best before". 2. For functional food, food additives, irradiated food and genetically modified food.in addition to the provisions of Clause 1 of this Article, the following provisions must be complied with: a/ For functional food, the phrase "thucpham chucnang" (functional food) must be shown and the effect of substituting curative medicines must not be expressed in any form; b/ For food additives, the phrase "pint gia thuc pham" (food additives) and information on the scope of use. dosage and use instructions must be shown; c/ For irradiated food, the phrase "time pham da qua chieu xa" (irradiated food) must be shown: d/ For certain kinds of genetically modified food, the phrase "thuc pham bien dot gen'' (genetically modified food) must be shown. 3. Based on socio-economic conditions in each period, the Government shall issue specific regulations on food labeling and shelf life: and kinds of genetically modified foods and the composition percentage of food with modified genes to be indicated on their labels. Chapter VIII FOOD TESTING. ANALYSIS OF FOOD SAFETY RISKS, PREVENTION AND REMEDY OF FOOD SAFETY INCIDENTS Section I. FOOD TESTING Article 45. Requirements on food testing 1. Food testing shall be conducted in the following cases: a/ At the request of food producers and traders or other concerned organizations and individuals: b/ For the state management of food safety. Food testing for state management work shall be conducted by food testing establishments designated by line ministers. 2. Food testing must: a/ Ensure objectivity and accuracy: b/ Observe professional and technical regulations. Article 46. Food testing establishments 1. A food testing establishment must satisfy the following conditions: a/ Having an organizational apparatus and technical capacity meeting the requirements of national or international standards applicable to testing establishments;
b/ Establishing and maintaining a managerial system meeting the requirements of national or international standards: c/ Registering the operation of assessment of conformity with standards or technical regulations with a competent state agency when engaged in certification of standard or regulation conformity. 2. Food testing establishments may provide testing services, collect testing charges and take responsibility before law for the results of tests they perform. 3. Line ministers shall specify conditions for testing establishments defined in Clause 1 of this Article. Article 47. Testing for the settlement of food safety-related disputes 1. Agencies with dispute settlement competence shall designate testingverification establishments to test foods involved in disputes. Testing results of these establishments shall be used as a basis for the settlement of food safetyrelated disputes. 2. Testing establishments designated to conduct verification are state-run ones which satisfy all the conditions specified in Clause 1. Article 46 of this Law. 3. Line ministers shall specify conditions for testing-verification establishments and a list of eligible testing-verification establishments. Article 48. Expenses for food sampling and testing 1. Expenses for food sampling and testing to serve food safety examination and inspection shall be paid by agencies that decide on such examination and inspection. 2. Based on testing results, if agencies that decide on food safety examination and inspection conclude that food producers or traders violate the law on food safety, the violators shall refund food sampling and testing expenses to the examination and inspection agencies. 3. Organizations and individuals that request food sampling and testing shall themselves pay expenses for food sampling and testing. 4. Expenses for food sampling and testing in food safety-related disputes or complaints shall be paid by petitioners or complainants. When testing results affirm that food producers or traders violate regulations on food safety, the violators shall refund expenses for sampling and testing of foods involved in disputes to the petitioners or complainants. Section 2. ANALYSIS OF FOOD SAFETY RISKS Article 49. Objects subject to analysis of food safety risks 1. Foods of high poisoning rate. 2. Foods with samples taken for surveillance showing high rate of violating
technical regulations on food safety. 3. Food production or trading environment or establishments which are suspected of causing pollution. 4. Foods or food production or trading establishments which are subject to risk analysis to meet management requirements. Article 50. Analysis of food safety risks 1. Analysis of food safety risks covers assessment, management and communication of risks to food safety. 2. Assessment of food safety risks covers: a/ Investigating and testing to identify hazards to food safety which belong to groups of microbiological, chemical and physical agents; b/ Identifying risks of health hazards to food safety, extent and scope of impacts of hazards on the community health. 3. Management of food safety risks covers: a/ Implementing solutions to limiting food safety risks in each stage of the food supply chain; b/ Controlling and coordinating to limit food safety risks in providing catering services and conducting other food production or trading activities. 4. Communication on food safety risks covers: a/ Providing information on preventive measures in cases of food poisoning or unsafe food-borne diseases to raise public awareness about and responsibility for food safety risks; b/ Notifying or forecasting food safety risks; building an information system for warning food safety risks and food-borne diseases. Article 51. Responsibility to analyze food safety risks The Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Ministry of Industry and Trade shall analyze food safety risks in their assigned management domains under Articles 49 and 50 of this Law. Section 3. PREVENTION AND REMEDY OF FOOD SAFETY INCIDENTS Article 52. Prevention of food safety incidents 1. Organizations and individuals that detect signs of a food safety incident shall immediately notify it to the nearest health establishment or People's Committee or a competent state agency for taking prompt preventive measures. 2. Measures to prevent food safety incidents include: a/ Ensuring safety in the process of food production, trading and consumption; b/ Educating, propagating and disseminating food safety-related knowledge and practices to producers, traders and consumers;
c/ Examining and inspecting food safety in food production and trading; d/ Analyzing food contamination risks; e/ Investigating, surveying and storing data on food safety: f/ Storing food samples. 3. People's Committees at all levels shall implement measures to prevent food safety incidents in their localities. 4. The Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Ministry of Industry and Trade shall organize the implementation of programs on surveillance and prevention of food safety incidents and the application of measures to prevent food safety incidents occurring overseas which are likely to affect Vietnam in their assigned management domains. 5. The Ministry of Health shall assume the prime responsibility for. and coordinate with concerned ministries and sectors in. establishing a system for warning food safety incidents. Article 53. Remedy of food safety incidents 1. Organizations and individuals that detect a food safety incident occurring at hich affects Vietnam shall declare it to the nearest health establishment or People's Committee or to the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development or the Ministry of Industry and Trade for taking prompt remedies. 2. Remedies for food safety incidents include: a/ Promptly detecting, and giving first aid and medical treatment to. poisoned persons or persons infected with food-borne diseases or in other food-induced circumstances harmful to human health or life: b/ Investigating cases of food poisoning, identifying causes of poisoning and food-borne diseases and tracing the origin of poisoning or disease-transmitting food; c/ Suspending production or trading activities: recalling and disposing of poisoning or disease-transmitting food being marketed; d/ Notifying food poisoning and food-borne diseases to concerned organizations and individuals: e/ Taking measures to prevent risks of food poisoning and food-borne diseases. 3. People’s Committees at all levels shall take remedies for food safety incidents in their localities. 4. The Minister of Health shall: a/ Specify the declaration of food safety incidents: b/ Assume the prime responsibility for. and coordinate with concerned ministries and sectors in. taking measures to prevent food safety incidents
occurring overseas which are likely to affect Vietnam. 5. Suppliers of poisoning foods shall pay all medical treatment expenses for poisoned persons and pay compensations under the civil law.
Section 4. TRACING OF THE ORIGIN AND RECALL AND DISPOSAL OF UNSAFE FOODS Article 54. Tracing of the origin of unsafe foods 1. Food producers and traders shall trace the origin of unsafe foods in the following cases: a/ At the request of competent state agencies; b/ When detecting that food products they produce or trade in are unsafe. 2. Food producers and traders that trace the origin of unsafe foods shall: a/ Identify and notify lots of unsafe food products: b/ Request food trading agents to report on the quantity of products of unsafe food lots, actual quantities of products left in stock and being marketed: c/ Summarize, and report to competent state agencies on. recall plans and disposal measures. 3. Competent state agencies shall inspect and supervise the tracing of the origin of unsafe foods. Article 55. Recall and disposal of unsafe foods 1. The following foods shall be recalled: a/ Foods which are still marketed after their shelf life: b/ Foods unconformable with relevant technical regulations; c/ Foods being new technological products not yet been permitted for circulation; d/ Foods which are degenerated during preservation, transportation or trading; e/ Foods which contain substances banned from use or in which appear contaminants in excess of allowable limits; f/ Imported foods which are notified by a competent authority of the exporting country or another country or an international organization to contain contaminants harmful to human health and life. 2. Recall of unsafe foods takes the following forms: a/ Voluntary recall by food producers or traders themselves: b/ Compulsory recall by food producers and traders at the request of competent state agencies. 3. Unsafe foods shall be disposed of through: a/ Correction of product flaws or labeling errors:
b/ Change of use purposes; c/ Re-ex port: d/ Destruction. 4. Unsafe food producers and traders shall publish information on recalled products, recall and dispose of unsafe foods within the time limit decided by pay all recall and disposal expenses. Past the prescribed time limit, food producers and traders that fail to recall foods shall be coerced to do so under law. 5. Competent state agencies shall: a/ Based on the severity of violations of safety assurance conditions, decide on the recall and disposal of unsafe foods as well as the time limit for completing such recall and disposal; b/ Inspect the recall of unsafe foods: c/ Handle violations of the law on food safety according to their competence as defined by law: d/ For food products which are likely to seriously affect the community health or in other emergency cases, directly recall and dispose of them and request their producers and traders to pay recall and disposal expenses. 6. The Minister of Health, the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Minister of Industry and Trade shall specify the recall and disposal of unsafe foods in their assigned management domains.
Chapter IX INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION ON FOOD SAFETY Article 56. Purposes and requirements of information, education and communication on food safety 1. Information, education and communication on food safety aims to raise public awareness about food safety, and change backward behaviors, customs and practices in production, trading and living which cause food unsafely, contributing to protecting human health and life; and about business ethics and responsibility of food producers and traders towards consumer health and life. 2. Information, education and communication on food safety must be: a/ Accurate, prompt, explicit, simple and practical;
b/ Suitable to the nation's traditions, culture and identity, religions, social ethics, beliefs, customs and practices; c/ Suitable to each category of targeted subjects. Article 57. Contents of information, education and communication on food safety 1. Providing, propagating and disseminating knowledge and law on food safety 2. Providing information on causes and ways of identifying food poisoning risks, food-borne diseases and measures to prevent and remedy food safety incidents. 3. Providing information on exemplary models of safe food production or trading; recall of unsafe foods, and handling of establishments that seriously violate the law on food safety. Article 58. Entities eligible to access information, education and communication on food safety 1. All organizations and individuals have the right to access information, education and communication on food safety. 2. Priority will be given to the following entities in accessing information, education and communication on food safety: a/ Food consumers; b/ Managers and executive officers of food production or trading establishments; food producers and traders; c/ Fresh and raw food producers and traders and small-scale food producers and traders; inhabitants in extreme socio-economic difficulty-hit areas. Article 59. Forms of information, education and communication on food safety 1. Through competent state agencies in charge of food safety. 2. In the mass media. 3. Integration in teaching and learning activities at educational institutions of the national education system. 4. Through cultural and community activities and activities of mass organizations and social organizations, and other forms of public cultural activities. 5. Through food safety-related inquiry points at line ministries. Article 60. Responsibilities in information, education and communication on food safety 1. Agencies, organizations and units shall, within the ambit of their tasks and powers, conduct information, education and communication on food safety.
2. The Minister of Health, line ministers and heads of concerned ministeriallevel agencies shall direct concerned agencies in providing accurate and scientific information on food safety; and promptly give responses to untruthful information on food safety. 3. The Minister of Information and Communications shall direct mass media agencies in regularly providing information and communication on food safety and integrating programs on information and communication on food safety into other information and communication programs. 4. The Minister of Education and Training shall assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with the Minister of Health, line ministers and heads of concerned ministerial-level agencies in. combining education about food safety with other educational contents. 5. People's Committees at all levels shall organize the provision of information, education and communication on food safety to local people. 6. Mass media agencies shall prioritize in terms of schedule and length of broadcasts to provide information, education and communication on food safety on radios and televisions: and reserve appropriate spaces for articles and broadcasts on food safety in printed newspapers, televisions or online newspapers under regulations of the Minister of Information and Communications. Information, education and communication on food safety in the mass media is free of charge, unless it is provided under separate contracts with programs or projects or financed by domestic or foreign organizations or individuals. 7. The Vietnam Fatherland Front, mass organizations and social organizations shall, within the ambit of their responsibilities, conduct the work of information, education and communication on food safety. Chapter X STATE MANAGEMENT OF FOOD SAFETY Section I. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR STATE MANAGEMENT OF FOOD SAFETY Article 61. Responsibilities for state management of food safety 1. The Government shall perform the unified state management of food safety. 2. The Ministry of Health is answerable to the Government for performing the state management of food safety. 3. Ministries and ministerial-level agencies shall, within the ambit of their respective tasks and powers, coordinate with the Ministry of Health in performing the stale management of food safety. 4. People's Committees at all levels shall perform the sate management of food safety in their respective localities-
Article 62. Responsibilities of the Ministry of Health for state management of food safety 1. General responsibilities: a/ To assume the prime responsibility for formulating and submitting national strategies and master plans on food safety to competent state agencies for promulgation, and organize the implementation thereof b/ To promulgate national technical regulations on safety criteria and limits on food products; food-packaging tools and food packages and containers. c/ To request ministries, sectors and provincial-level People's Committees to make regular and irregular reports on food safety management; d/ To prescribe general conditions on food safety assurance for food producers and traders; e/ To assume the prime responsibility for organizing the propagation and education about the taw on food safety: to warn food poisoning incidents. f/ To unexpectedly inspect and examine all stages in the process of food production, import and trading under the scope of management of other ministries when necessary. 2. Responsibilities in sectoral management: a/ To assume the prime responsibility for formulating and promulgating or submitting strategies, policies, master plans, plans and legal documents on food safety to competent state agencies for promulgation, and organize the implementation thereof in its assigned management domain; b/ To manage food safety throughout the process of production, preliminary processing, processing, preservation, transportation, export, import and trading of food additives, food processing aids, bottled drinking water, natural mineral water, functional food and other foods under the Government's regulations: c/ To manage food safety with regard to food-packaging tools and food packages and containers in the process of food production, processing and trading in its assigned management domain; d/ To inspect, examine, and handle violations of the law on food safety in the process of food production, export, import and trading in its assigned management domains. Article 63. Responsibilities of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 1. To assume the prime responsibility for formulating and promulgating or submitting policies, strategies, master plans, plans and legal documents on food safety in its assigned management domain to competent state agencies for promulgation, and organize the implementation thereof. 2. To manage food safely in the primary production of agricultural, forest,
aquatic and salt products. 3. To manage food safety throughout the process of production, collection, slaughter, preliminary processing, processing, preservation. transportation, import, export and trading of cereals, meat and products thereof, aquatic animals and products thereof, vegetables, tubers and fruits and products thereof, eggs and products thereof, fresh milk, honey and products thereof, genetically modified food, salt and other farm products under the Government's regulations. 4. To manage food safety with regard to food-packaging tools and food packages and containers in the process of food production, processing and trading in its assigned management domain. 5. To make regular and irregular reports on the management of food safety in its assigned management domain. 6. To inspect, examine, and handle violations of the law on food safety in the process of food production, export, import and trading in its assigned management domain. Article 64. Responsibilities of the Ministry of Industry and Trade 1. To assume the prime responsibility for formulating, promulgating or submitting policies, strategies, master plans, plans and legal documents on food safety in its assigned management domain to competent stale agencies for promulgation and organize the implementation thereof. 2. To manage food safety in the process of production, processing, preservation, transportation, import, export and trading of liquor, beer, beverage, processed milk, vegetable oil, powder and starch processed products and other products under the Government's regulations. 3. To manage food safety with regard to food-packaging tools and food packages and containers in the process of food production, processing and trading in its assigned management domain. 4. To promulgate policies and master plans on markets and supermarkets and regulations on food trading at markets and supermarkets. 5. To assume the prime responsibility for preventing and controlling fake food, and trade fraud in food circulation and trading. 6. To make regular and irregular reports on the management of food safety in its assigned management domain. 7. To inspect, examine, and handle violations of the law on food safety in the process of food production, import, export, and trading in its assigned management domain. Article 65. State management responsibilities of People's Committees
at all levels 1. To promulgate according to their competence or submit local legal documents and technical regulations to competent state agencies for promulgation; to formulate and implement master plans on safe food production zones and establishments so as to ensure management in the entire food supply chain. 2. To be responsible for managing food safety in their respective localities: to manage food safety assurance conditions for small-scale food production and trading establishments, street food, catering establishments, and food safety at local markets and subjects in their assigned management domain. 3. To make regular and irregular reports on the management of food safety in their respective localities. 4. To arrange human resources, train and improve qualifications of human resources for the work of food safety assurance in their respective localities. 5. To organize the work of information, education and communication to raise awareness about food safety, the sense of observing the law on food safety management, the sense of responsibility of food producers and traders toward the community and the awareness of consumers about food safety. 6. To inspect, examine and handle violations of the law on food safety in their respective localities. Section 2. FOOD SAFETY INSPECTION Article 66. Food safety inspection 1. Food safety inspection is specialized inspection. Food safety inspection shall be conducted by the health; agriculture and rural development; and in tors under the law on inspection. 2. The Government shall specify the coordination among food safety inspectorates of ministries and ministerial-level agencies with other forces in ensuring food safety. Article 67, Contents of food safety inspection 1. Compliance with technical standards and regulations on food safety applicable to food production and trading and food products promulgated by competent state agencies. 2. Compliance with relevant food safety standards announced by food producers for application to food production and trading and food products. 3. Advertising and labeling of food within the scope of management. 4. Regulation conformity certification and food safety testing . 5. Compliance with other legal provisions on food safety.
Section 3. FOOD SAFETY EXAMINATION Article 68. Responsibilities for food safety examination 1. Food safety management agencies under line ministries shall conduct food safety examination in food production and trading under Articles 61 thru 64 of this Law. 2. Food safety management agencies under provincial-level People's Committees shall conduct food safety examination in their respective localities under regulations of line ministries and the assignment by provincial-level People's Committees. 3. In case an inter-sector examination of food safety is related to the management scopes of many sectors or localities, the agency in charge of the examination shall coordinate with concerned agencies under related ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People's Committees in conducting the examination. 4. Food safety examination must ensure the following principles: a/ Objectivity, accuracy, publicity, transparency and non-discrimination. b/ Keeping confidential information, documents and results of examination related to inspected agencies and food producers and traders pending the availability of official conclusions; c/ Causing no troubles to food producers and traders. d/ Taking responsibility before law for relevant examination results and click. 5. Line ministers shall specify food safety examination activities in their assigned management domains. Article 69. Powers and tasks of food safety management agencies in food safety examination I. Within the ambit of their respective tasks and powers, food safety management agencies have following powers in food safety examination: a/ To decide to form examination teams to conduct planned or unexpected examinations. b/ To warn food unsafely risks: c/ To handle violations in the course of examination under Articles 30, 36 and 40 of the Law on Product and Goods Quality: d/ To settle complaints and denunciations about decisions of examination teams, and acts of inspection team members under the Law on complaints and denunciations. 2. The food safety management agencies, within the ambit of their tasks and powers, have the following tasks: a/ To draw up annual examination plans and submit them to competent state agencies for decision;
b/ To receive registration dossiers of registration for testing of the safety of imported food: to certify food safety assurance conditions for imported food; c/ To issue handling decisions within 3 working days from the date of receiving reports of inspection teams regarding suspending food production, and trading activities, scaling up food and suspending advertisement of unsafe food. Article 70. Examination team 1. An examination team shall be formed under a decision of the head of a food safety management agency on the basis of an examination program or plan approved by a competent state agency or in case of unexpected examination. 2. In the course of food safety examination, examination teams has the following powers and tasks: a/ To request food producers and traders to present related documents, and handle violations in the course of examination under Articles 30 and 40 of the Law on Products and Goods Quality, to supply copies of the documents mentioned in this Clause, when necessary; b/ To take samples for testing when necessary; c/ To seal food, suspend the sale of unsuitable food, suspend food advertisements containing improper contents in the course of market examination and report to the food safety management agency within 24 hours after so doing: d/ To request organizations and individuals producing and trading in food which is unconformable with announced applicable standards, technical regulations and regulations or relevant conditions to take remedies; e/ To propose the food safety management agency to handle violations according to its competence specified in Article 69 of this Law; f/ To ensure the examination principles provided in Clause 4. Article 68 of this Law during examination; g/ To accurately and timely report examination results to the food safety management agency. Chapter XI IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS Article 71. Effect This Law takes effect on July 1., 2011. The Ordinance No. 12/2003/PL-UBTVQH11 on Food Hygiene and Safety ceases to be effective on the effective date of this Law. Article 72. Implementation detailing and guidance The Government shall detail and guide the implementation of articles and
clauses as assigned in this Law; and guide other necessary provisions of this Law to meet state management requirements. This Law was passed on June 17, 2010, by the XIVth National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its 7th session. - CHAIRMAN OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY NGUYEN PHU TRONG
B. Peraturan Food Safety China Administration Measures for the Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of Aquatic Products at Import and Export Chapter 1 General guidelines Article 1 [Purpose and basis] For the purpose of reinforcing the inspection, quarantine and supervision of aquatic products at import and export, ensuring the quality and safety of aquatic products at import and export, preventing animal epidemic diseases from entering into and exiting from our country, protecting the production safety of fisheries as well as human health, on the basis of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Inspection of Import and Export Commodities and the regulations for the implementation thereof, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Quarantine of Animals and Plants at Import
and Export and the regulations for the implementation thereof, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Frontier Hygiene and Quarantine and the detailed guidelines for the implementation thereof, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Food Hygiene and the Special Guidelines of the State Council on Strengthening the Supervision and Management of the Safety of Food and Other Products, and other relevant administrative regulations, the present Measures are formulated. Article 2 [Application scope] The present Measures are applicable to the inspection, quarantine and supervision of aquatic products at import and export. Article 3 [Definition of Aquatic products] The term “Aquatic products” as mentioned in the presenting Measures refers to the products produced from aquatic animals and which are edible by human beings, including the aquatic animal products such as cephalochordata, acalephae, mollusca, crustaceans, echinoderms, amphibians, reptiles, aquatic mammals and products made from aquatic plants such as algae, etc., where any live aquatic animals and the propagation materials thereof are not inclusive in this category. Article 4 [Responsibility assignment] The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the State (hereafter referred to as the AQSIQ) takes charge of the administration of the inspection, quarantine and supervision of import/export aquatic products for the whole country. The inspection and quarantine institutions (hereafter referred to as the Inspection and Quarantine Institutions) of import and export set up by the AQSIQ at all levels shall be responsible for the inspection, quarantine and supervision of import/export aquatic products within the areas under their respective jurisdictions. Article 5 [Management mode] On the basis of laws and according to any supervision demands and the relevant regulations specified by the AQSIQ, the Inspection and Quarantine Institutions shall perform the inspection and quarantine, supervision and random inspections
of the import and export of aquatic products, conducting credit and classification management systems to enterprises that produce and process import/export aquatic products (hereinafter referred to as producers). Article 6 [Subject responsibilities of the producers] The producers of import/export aquatic products shall operate their production activities in accordance with all laws, administrative regulations and relevant criteria, shall be responsible for the effects to society and the general public, ensuring the quality and safety of the aquatic products, accepting public supervision and undertaking social responsibilities. Chapter 2 Import Inspection and Quarantine. Article 7 [Import criterion and safety assessment] Import aquatic products must comply with the national standards and requirements for food safety which are set out in the relevant Chinese laws and administrative regulations, and must comply with the inspection and quarantine requirements which are set out in the inspection and quarantine bilateral agreements, protocols and memos signed by China and the exporting countries or regions, as well as comply with the quarantine requirements detailed in the trade contracts. With regards to importing aquatic products from countries which do not have a national standard for food safety, the consignee of the involved product shall submit a license certificate issued by the State Council department responsible for health administration to the Inspection and Quarantine Institution. Article 8 [Risk analysis] In accordance with Chinese laws, the guidelines specified in administrative regulations and the requirements of the National Standard for Food Safety, the risk analysis result on toxic and harmful substances and the epidemic situations of aquatic products inside and outside of China, combine with the effective evaluation situations of the quality and safety management system of the countries and regions exporting
aquatic products to China, the AQSIQ shall draw up and publish the inspection and quarantine requirements on the aquatic products entering into China; or the AQSIQ shall sign inspection and quarantine agreements with countries and regions exporting aquatic products to China, determine the inspection and quarantine requirements and any relevant certificates. Article 9 [Record-keeping of exporters and agents] The AQSIQ shall maintain and manage records of the exporters or agents exporting aquatic products to China, and regularly publish the qualified overseas producers and the names of the exporters and agents. The registration management of the overseas producers of import aquatic products shall be conducted in accordance with the relevant regulations specified by the AQSIQ.
Article 10 [Record–keeping of consignees] The Inspection and Quarantine Institutions shall keep records of the consignees of the aquatic products entering China. Only consignees included in the records are permitted to complete the aquatic products import formalities. Article 11 [Recording system of import sales] The consignees of any aquatic products entering China shall set up a recording system for product import and sales. The record must be accurate and shall be kept for at least two years. Article 12 [Quarantine examination and approval and advance inspections] With regard to any aquatic animal products such as amphibians, reptiles and aquatic mammals entering China, as well as other aquatic products with higher hygiene and safety risks, the AQSIQ shall conduct quarantine examination and approval system. The consignees of the above mentioned products must go through the quarantine examination and approval formalities and must have obtained the License for Quarantine of Import Animals and Plants before signing any trade contracts. The AQSIQ may, on the basis of the needs and according to relevant regulations, send personnel to the exporting countries or regions to conduct advance inspections to aquatic products planned to be exported to China. Article 13 [Import quarantine inspection application] Before or when aquatic products enter into China, the consignees or the agents responsible shall apply to the inspection and quarantine institutions at the entry port for inspection and quarantine by presenting relevant documents, including (the original copy of) the official inspection and quarantine certificates issued by the authorities of
the government of the exporting country or region, the certificate of product origin, the trade contract, container receipts, bills of lading and invoices. The official inspection and quarantine certificates issued by the authorities of the government of the exporting countries and regions which are attached to the aquatic products entering into China, shall conform to the requirements of the AQSIQ for such certificates. Article 14 [Acceptance of quarantine inspection application] The Inspection and Quarantine Institutions shall perform a preliminary examination to the relevant documents submitted by the consignees or the agents of the products. If the requirements are met, the application for quarantine inspection shall be accepted, and the scope of the quarantine examination shall be verified and written off; meanwhile the customs clearance certificate of import goods shall be issued. Article 15 [Refrigerated warehouses] Imported aquatic products shall be stored in refrigerated warehouses which are designated by the Inspection and Quarantine Institutions. An entry port shall have refrigerated warehouses that are appropriate for the quantity of imported aquatic products. The conditions of the refrigerated warehouses shall conform to the inspection and quarantine requirements of refrigerated warehouses for imported aquatic products. Article 16 [Sterilization treatments of the transportation vehicles] The transportation vehicles and containers of imported aquatic products shall be subjected to sterilization for prevention of epidemics under the supervision of the Inspection and Quarantine Institutions at the entry port. No imported aquatic product is permitted to be unloaded from the transportation vehicles or containers without the approval of the Inspection and Quarantine Institutions. Article 17 [Spot inspection and quarantine]
The Inspection and Quarantine Institutions at entry port shall conduct spot inspections and quarantines to the imported aquatic products at the port. The spot inspection and quarantine process shall include the following provisions: (1) To check whether the documents conform to the goods; (2) To check whether the packaging of the products conform to the basic packaging requirements for imported aquatic products; (3) To implement plant quarantine on salt products or dried aquatic products entering China which are excellent breeding environments for veterinary pests; conduct pest treatments when necessary; (4) To check whether there is any sign of product spoiling or putridity, whether there are any impure substances, whether the products are too dry, whether there is frozen blood or excess ice, etc. Article 18 [Label inspection] The Chinese labels on the packaging of any imported aquatic products shall conform to the requirements of the relevant laws, the administrative regulations and the label regulations for Chinese food labels, as well as any compulsory technical standard requirements of other countries. The Inspection and Quarantine Institutions shall conduct inspections of the labels of the aquatic product packaging, in accordance with the regulations. Article 19 [Sampling inspection] According to the requirements of the relevant standards, monitoring plans and alert notification, the Inspection and Quarantine Institutions shall take samples from imported aquatic products to conduct inspections of and to monitor the following items: (1) Toxic and harmful substances such as pathogenic micro-organisms, heavy metals, residues of agricultural and veterinary products; (2) Epidemics and parasites; (3) Other required items.
Article 20 [Inspection
and quarantine result settlement] The inspection and quarantine institutions of the entry ports shall issue a Certificate of Inspection and Quarantine for Imported Goods to the inspection and quarantine examination approved imported aquatic products. Aquatic products which have passed the inspection and quarantine examination, shall be permitted for the production, processing and using thereof, the numbers of the containers, the production batches and the producers and the details of any traceable information shall be clearly stated on the said Certificate. If any aquatic product fails to pass the inspection and quarantine examination, a Notice of Disposal for Inspection and Quarantine shall be issued. Any unqualified items (apart from those involving the health and safety of human beings and environmental protection) can be subjected to technical treatment under the supervision of the Inspection and Quarantine Institutions. After the said product is re-inspected and requarantined and qualified, it can then be sold or used. Where it is necessary to provide proof for damage claims, the Inspection and Quarantine Institutions shall issue the relevant proof documents. Article 21 [Returning and destroying] In the case of any one of the following circumstances, the procedure for goods returned or destroyed shall be implemented: (1) The product requires going through import quarantine and examination procedures, and has not yet obtained an effective licence for the quarantine of imported animals and plants; (2) The product does not have an effective official inspection and quarantine certificate issued by the authority of the exporting country or region. (3) The product has unqualified inspected items involving the health and safety of human beings and environmental protection. Chapter 3 Export inspection and quarantine Article 22 [Export inspection and quarantine]
All export aquatic products shall be supervised, and sample inspected by the Inspection and Quarantine Institutions. The Customs officials shall permit customs clearance on the basis of clearance certificate issued by the inspection and quarantine institutions. Article 23 [Requirements of export inspection and quarantine] The Inspection and Quarantine Institutions shall carry out inspections and implement quarantine on export aquatic products according to the requirements stated below: (1) The requirements of inspection and quarantine of the export destination country or region; (2) The requirements of inspection and quarantine as provided in the agreements, protocols, or memorandums signed by the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the export destination country or region; (3) The requirements of inspection and quarantine specified in Chinese laws and administrative regulations and as provided by the AQSIQ; (4) The requirements of the export destination country or region in respect of the qualities, quantities, weight and packaging of the products; (5) The q u a r a n t i n e requirements stated in the trade contract.
Article 24 [Record-keeping of aquaculture farm] Under the permission and supervision of the Department of Fishery Administration, the inspection and quarantine institutions files records for the aquaculture farms which produce export aquatic products. The resources used by the producers of any export aquatic products shall be from the aquaculture farms which have records filed, water areas or fishing vessels permitted by the Department of Fishery Administration, and which conform to the requirements of inspection and quarantine of the export destination country or region. Article 25 [Record-keeping requirements of aquaculture farms] Farms producing export aquatic products which have records filed shall meet the following basic conditions and hygiene requirements: (1) Must have obtained farming permission from the Department of Fishery Administration; (2) With a certain farm size: the total water surfaces area of farming ponds or open farming sea areas shall be above 50 acres, the total water surface area of manmade farming ponds shall be above 10 acres; farming ponds within this area must be serial numbered; (3) Must have abundant water resources, the quality of the water used for aquaculture farming conforms to the water quality standard for fisheries; (4) There must not be any pollution sources such as fowl and livestock farms, hospitals, chemical plants or refuse dumps. They must be equipped with facilities to keep separated from external environment, and have good internal environment hygiene; (5) Must have a reasonable layout, must comply with the requirements of health epidemic prevention, and must avoid cross contamination from water intake and drainage;
(6) Must have independently established warehouses for drugs and feed, the warehouses must be kept clean and dry with good ventilation, there shall be specifically appointed personnel to record the goods taken into and out of the warehouses; (7) Must have the appropriate farming density, with equipped oxygenation facilities suitable for this density; (8) The feed provided shall come from the feed processing factories which have records filed by the Inspection and Quarantine Institutions, and which must comply with the requirements set out in the Regulations for the Examination and Quarantine of Feeds for Food Animals for Export; (9) Must not store or use drugs and other toxic and harmful substances forbidden by China and the export destination country or region. The active ingredients of the drugs used shall be clearly stated, there shall be a drug application record, and follow close to the guidelines of the drug withdrawal time line; (10) There shall be perfect organisation and management, together with a written management system for aquaculture farming (including the purchase of germchit, farming production, health epidemic prevention and application of drugs and feed); (11) Farms shall be provided with corresponding intelligence farming technicians and quality supervisors, the farming technician and quality supervisor shall be different persons. The farming technician shall administer drugs according to the prescription; any drug shall be distributed by the quality supervisor. The farming technician and quality supervisor shall meet the following conditions: (a) Be familiar with and comply with the guidelines specified in the relevant laws and administrative regulations for inspections and quarantines; (b) Be familiar with and comply with the guidelines specified in the literature on aquatic animal diseases and cures from the Department of Agriculture Administration; (c) Be familiar with the relevant regulations and standards on the residue control of the drugs applied by the export destination country or region; (4) Have certain farming experience or have higher than a professional agricultural qualification from a technical college. (12) Set up a report system to promptly report major diseases and important issues. Article 26
[Filing procedures of aquaculture farms] The farms producing export aquatic products should file records using the following procedures: (1) Farms producing export aquatic products shall apply to the local inspection and quarantine institutions where the farms are located for filing records, and submit the required relevant documentation; (2) According to the basic conditions and hygiene requirements specified in Article 26 of these current measures, the inspection and quarantine institutions shall carry out inspection of the filing applications submitted by the aquaculture farms. Farms meeting the basic conditions and hygiene requirements shall be approved by their respective inspection and quarantine institution and issued a record filing certificate; (3) The record filing certificate shall be valid from its issue date and carries a four year validation period. The farms shall apply for revalidation within three months of the validation period expiring; (4) If there are any changes to the addresses, names, farm sizes, ownerships or legal representatives of any farm producing export aquatic products, the farm shall re-apply to its local inspection and quarantine institution for record filing or undergo modification formalities. Article 27 [Product delivery proof] Farms producing export aquatic products shall issue a document to prove the delivery of each batch of resource materials used to produce the export aquatic products. Article 28 [Requirements on drug application] According to the National Food Safety Standard and any relevant regulations of China and the export destination country or region in terms of agricultural applications such as feeding fodder or drugs, record filed farms producing export aquatic products shall be strictly forbidden from purchasing or using any agricultural drug which does not comply with the National Food Safety Standard of China and the export destination country or region.
Article 29 [Supervision of record-keeping farms] Inspection and quarantine institutions shall carry out supervised management of the record–keeping farms, organise supervised inspections, and make a good record of any relevant information. Supervised inspections include daily supervised inspections and annual audits.
The inspection and quarantine institutions shall carry out monitoring for situations such as aquatic animal diseases, agricultural pesticides or veterinary drug residues, environmental contamination, water quality and other toxic or harmful substances, and set up systems to improve the safety and risk information management for export aquatic products. Article 30 [Record-keeping of export aquatic product producers] The inspection and quarantine institutions shall file records for the export aquatic product producers in accordance with the record-keeping regulations for enterprises producing export food. Should Chinese producers of aquatic products for export be required by any export destination country or region to register, or if any of the registered enterprises require recommendation to foreign countries, the relevant regulations of the AQSIQ shall be observed. Article 31 [Quality system and enterprise self-inspection] Enterprises producing export aquatic products shall set up perfect and traceable quality and safety control systems, ensuring that any preserving agents, antiseptic agents, water absorbent or colour absorbent materials are not used in the export aquatic products, from any original material resources to the finished products. Article 32 [Production batch management] The production and processing of export aquatic products shall be subject to production batch management in individual units; aquatic products from different aquaculture farms must not be treated as the same production batch sources for production processing purposes. From the original aquatic product to the finished products the batch number for both production and processing shall remain the same. The marks for the batch number of production and processing shall be indicated
separately. Article 33 [Record checking] The producers of export aquatic products shall set up a source material purchasing checking record system, to verify the goods supply certificate attached to the source materials. The record for source material purchasing must be true and shall be kept for at least two years. The producers of export aquatic products shall set up a final factory inspection record system, to verify the inspection qualifying certificate and safety of the aquatic products leaving the factory, and truthfully record details such as the names, specifications, quantities, production dates, numbers of production batches, numbers of inspection qualifying certificates, the names and contacts methods of the goods purchasers, sales dates of the aquatic products. The final factory inspection record of an aquatic product shall be true, and the record shall be kept for at least two years. Article 34 [Packaging identification] The packaging of export aquatic products shall be marked with the requirements of the export destination country or region, and the export destination country or region must be clearly stated on the transportation packaging.
Article 35 [Export quarantine inspection application] The producer or the agent of an export aquatic product shall meet the customs declaration requirements of the AQSIQ, based on the documents such as the trade contract, the inspection report or final factory qualifying certificate of the producer, shipment documents, etc., in order to apply to the inspection and quarantine institution at product origin for quarantine inspection. When applying for quarantine inspection for an export aquatic product, a written document shall be submitted which states the presence of any toxic and harmful substance information such as drug residue, heavy metals, or microorganisms contained in the source materials. The document must comply with the requirements of China and the export destination country or region. Article 36 [Sampling inspection] The inspection and quarantine institutions shall carry out a sampling inspection on the basis of the risk analysis of toxic and harmful substances such as pathogenic micro-organisms, and agriculture and veterinary drug residues, environmental contamination, and carry out verification and supervision of the quality safety control system during the process of producing and processing of export aquatic products. Article 37 [Qualifying assessment] With regard to any export aquatic product which has not been sample inspected, the inspection and quarantine institution shall – according to the requirements of the export destination country or region – verify the inspection report, shipping record of the export aquatic product; which is combined with situations such as the daily supervised management, monitored inspection and sampling inspection, in order to carry out a comprehensive assessment. Products meeting the regulation requirements shall be issued with a relevant inspection and quarantine certificate; products which do not meet the regulation requirements shall be issued with an
unqualified notice. Article 38 [Shipping requirements] The producers of export aquatic products shall ensure that the product transportation vehicles are sealed tight, that the packaging and transportation method can effectively separate the aquatic product from contamination, that it can ensure the required temperature conditions during transportation, carry out cleaning and disinfection according to the regulations, and keep a satisfactory written record. Article 39 [Port inspection] The producers of export aquatic products shall ensure the goods comply with the certificates, and keep satisfactory shipping records. The inspection and quarantine institutions shall conduct random sample inspections. If an export aquatic product is qualified from the inspection and quarantine at its origin, but the inspection and quarantine institution at the port then discovers that the documentation provided does not comply with the product, then the products shall not be permitted for customs clearance. Article 40 [Export period] The validation period of the inspection and quarantine of any export aquatic product is as below:
(1) Cooled (kept fresh) aquatic products: seven days; (2) Dry-frozen and single-frozen products: four months; (3) Other aquatic products: six months. Any export aquatic product which exceeded its inspection and quarantine validation period, shall re-apply for quarantine inspection. Any other requirements specified by the export destination country or region shall be handled as required. Chapter 4 Supervision management Article 41 [Safety monitoring system] The AQSIQ carries out safety monitoring for import/export aquatic products, and according to the risk analysis and the actual situation of inspection and quarantine, draws up monitoring plans, determines the types and inspecting items of the import/export aquatic products of the monitored country or region. In accordance with the annual safety and risk monitoring plans of the import/export aquatic products of the AQSIQ, an inspection and quarantine institution shall be drawn up to conduct the actual requirements of the import/export aquatic product risk management within its area. Article 42 [Risk management and rapid response mechanism] The AQSIQ and the inspection and quarantine institutions shall carry out risk management inspections for import/export aquatic products. The specific measures shall be conducted in accordance with relevant regulations. Article 43 [Integrity management] The producers, consignees and consignors of import/export aquatic products shall execute a legal production and operating process.
The inspection and quarantine institutions shall set up a reporting system for the illegal activities of the producers, consignees and consignors of import/export aquatic products, in order to record and declare these illegal activities. Article 44 [Bulletin system] The AQSIQ and the inspection and quarantine institutions must act in accordance with the relevant guidelines for food safety and risk information management, must notify the safety and risk information for import/export aquatic products to the relevant departments, institutions and enterprises, and, according to any relevant guidelines, must report the information to an upper level. Article 45 [Co-operation system of inspection and quarantine institution] The inspection and quarantine institutions at both the recorded aquaculture farms of export aquatic products and the producers of the export aquatic products shall work together in co-operation. The inspection and quarantine institution at a recorded aquaculture farm shall regularly notify the circumstances of the supervised management of the farm to the inspection and quarantine institution where the producer
of the export aquatic product is located. The inspection and quarantine institution where the producer of the export aquatic product is located shall regularly notify the verification circumstances of the goods delivery certificate, the source materials and the safety situations of the finished products to the inspection and quarantine institution at the recorded aquaculture farms of the export aquatic products. Article 46 [Recall system] If any aquatic product has entered into China and has safety issues, and might be able to or might already have caused harm to human health and life safety, the consignee of the product must actively recall the product and immediately report the situation to the local inspection and quarantine institution. If the consignee of the product fails to make the recall, then the inspection and quarantine institution shall order the recall procedures in accordance with the relevant regulations. If any export aquatic product has safety issues, and might be able to or might already have caused harm to human health and life safety, the producer of the product must actively recall the product and immediately report the situation to the local inspection and quarantine institution. If there are any issues with the recall of any import/export aquatic product, the inspection and quarantine institutions shall report the situation to the AQSIQ promptly. Article 47 [Removal of recorded farms] If the farm of any export aquatic product carries out any of the following
activities, then its record shall be removed from the files: commit (1) Stores or uses any drugs and other toxic and harmful substances which are forbidden by China or the export destination country or region, or if the permitted drugs used contain any active ingredients which are not clearly stated, or if any prohibited materials and medicated premixes are used, or if during the off-drug period the application of the drugs is still continued; (2) Provides fake goods delivery documents, transfers or permits unauthorised transfer of the record filing numbers; (3) Conceals serious farming aquatic diseases or fails to promptly report such situations to the inspection and quarantine institutions; (4) Refuses to accept the supervised management from the inspection and quarantine institutions; (5) If the name, legal representative of a record-keeping farm has changed, and the farm fails to apply for the modification within 30 days of the changes; (6) When farm sizes are increased, new drugs or new feed are applied, or any large changes occur to the quality and safety system, but the change is not reported to the inspection and quarantine institutions within 30 days of the changes; (7) Fails to make any export supply in twelve (12) months; (8) Is overdue for and has failed to apply for continued record-keeping; (9) Fails to pass the annual review;
Article 48 [Rectifying and improving of rule violating producers] If producers of any export aquatic product experience any of the following, the inspection and quarantine institution can order the enterprise to rectify and improve the situation until the enterprise complies with requirements:
(1) If goods are returned from export destination countries or regions for the first time due to unqualified items that threaten safety and hygiene such as pathogenic micro-organisms, environmental contamination and residues from agriculture and veterinary drugs; (2) If sample inspections are selected from a quarantine inspection application, but there are three continuously unqualified safety and hygiene risk factors; (3) If the resource of any original material is not clear, and the batch management is not in order； (4) If, during twelve (12) months of daily supervision inspection, an item is discovered which failed on three occasions; (5) If a product traceability system and recalling system is not set up. Article 49 [Legal Responsibilities] If any producing or operating enterprise of any import/export aquatic product conducts any other illegal activity, punishment shall be given in accordance with the guidelines of relevant laws, and administrative regulation. Article 50 [Legal responsibilities of administrative personnel] During inspection from the inspection and quarantine institution and its staff, of the import/export aquatic products, if the products are found to breach any laws and regulations or the guidelines set out in the current Measures, then the personnel shall be investigated and prosecuted by its unit or authority department at an upper level. Chapter 5 Supplementary articles
Article 51 [Interpretation] The AQSIQ is responsible for the interpretation of these measures. Article 52 [Implementation timeframe] These measures shall come into force from / / /2010. The Administration Measures for the Inspection and Quarantine of Aquatic Products at Import and Export implemented by the AQSIQ since December 10, 2002 will therefore cease to be valid at this time.
Approved list of Indonesian Food Business Operators (FBOs) for export to Vietnam
(Updated 06/12/2012) No.
Business name
Approval number
1.
PT. ANUGERAH SAMUDERA HINDIA
2.
PT. KARYA AGUNG VR. B-002-02 LESTARI JAYA
3.
PT. MEDAN VR. B/C-003-02 TROPICAL CANNING & FROZEN INDUSTRIES PT. RED RIBBON VR. B-004-02 INDONESIA CORP
4. 5.
VR. B-001-02
PT. SARI AYUWINDU SEMESTA PT. SORBY INTERNATIONAL MEDAN
VR. B-005-02
7.
PT. TOBA SURIMI INDUSTRIES
VR. B/C-007-02
8. 9.
PT. WINSON VR. A/B-008-02 PRIMA SEJAHTERA PT. LAUT UNITED VR. B-009-02
10.
PT. CENTRAL
6.
VR. B-006-02
VR. B-011-10
Address
Type of fisheries products Frozen
Jl. Gatot Subroto No. 106, Sarudik, Sibolga, Tapanuli Tengah, North Sumatera Jl. Gudang Karya Frozen Agung, Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara, Belawan, Medan, North Sumatera Jl. K. L. Yos Sudarso Canned Km. 10.5, Kawasan Frozen Industri Medan I, Medan, North Sumatera Jl. K. L. Yos Sudarso Km. 10.5, KIM, Medan, North Sumatera Jl. Hamparan Perak No. 40A, Medan, North Sumatera Jl. P. Irian No. 3A, Komplek MIEL Nusantara I, Kawasan Industri Medan (KIM I), Medan, North Sumatera Jl. Pulau Pinang 2, Kawasan Industri Medan II, Saentis-Deli Serdang, Medan, North Sumatera Jl. Pulau Solor No. 11, KIM II, Mabar, Medan, North Sumatera Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Belawan, Gabion-Belawan, Medan, North Sumatera Bumi Dipasena, Kec.
Frozen Frozen Frozen
Canned Frozen Frozen Fresh Frozen
Frozen
Remark 2093/QLCLCL1, date 01/11/2010
No.
Business name
Approval number
PROTEINAPRIMA (PLANT I) 11.
PT. CENTRAL PROTEINAPRIMA (PLANT II)
VR. B-012-10
12.
PT. CENTRAL PROTEINAPRIMA PLANT III (FOOD PLANT) PT. CENTRAL PERTIWI BAHARI (PLANT I)
VR. B-013-10
14.
PT. CENTRAL PERTIWI BAHARI (PLANT II)
VR. B-015-10
15.
PT. INDOKOM SAMUDRA PERSADA PT. INDO AMERICAN SEAFOODS PT. AWINDO INTERNATIONAL
VR. B-016-10
PT. DHARMA SAMUDERA FISHING INDUSTRIES PT. ERA MANDIRI CEMERLANG
VR. B-019-12
13.
16. 17.
18.
19. 20.
VR. B-014-10
VR. B-017-10 VR. A/B-018-12
VR. A/B-020-12
PT. GRAHA INSAN VR. A/B-022-12
Address Rawajitu Timur, Kabupaten Tulang Bawang, Lampung Bumi Dipasena, Kec. Rawajitu Selatan, Kabupaten Tulang Bawang, Lampung Bumi Dipasena, Kec. Rawajitu Selatan, Kabupaten Tulang Bawang, Lampung Desa Bratasena Adiwarna, Kecamatan Gedung Meneng, Kabupaten Tulang Bawang, Lampung Desa Bratasena Adiwarna, Kecamatan Gedung Meneng, Kabupaten Tulang Bawang, Lampung Jl. Ir. Sutami Km. 13, Bandar Lampung, Lampung Jl. Ir. Sutami Km. 13, Bandar Lampung, Lampung Jl. Muara Baru No. 12 Perum Prasarana Perikanan, Kel. Penjaringan, Kec. Penjaringan, Jakarta Jl. Laks. R. E. Martadinata I, Tanjung Priok, Jakarta Ruko Lodan Center, Jl. Lodan Raya No. 2, Blok F2-7, Ancol, Jakarta Jl. Muara Baru Ujung
Type of fisheries products
Remark
Frozen
Frozen
2093/QLCLCL1, date 01/11/2010
Frozen
Frozen
Frozen Frozen Frozen Fresh
Frozen
Frozen Fresh Frozen
2093/QLCL-
No.
21. 22.
23. 24.
25. 26.
Business name
Approval number
SEJAHTERA
Blok O Kav. 1-2 Pelabuhan Nizam Zachman, Penjaringan, Jakarta
PT. HOKKIE VR. A/B-023-12 SAMUDRA TRIJAYA CV. INDO PASIFIC VR. B-024-12
Jl. Muara Baru Dermaga Timur Transit No. 10, Jakarta Komplek Pelabuhan Muara Baru Jl. Tuna Raya No. 3, Kel. Penjaringan, Kec. Penjaringan, Jakarta Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Blok G No. 1-2, Jakarta Komplek Pelabuhan Perikanan Muara Baru, Jl. Tuna Blok J1/No. 1, Jakarta Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Transit 20, Jakarta Perum. Prasarana Perikanan Samudera, Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Blok B-168, Jakarta Jl. Sisingamangaraja Gg. Blanak No. 39, Pesisir, Cirebon, West Java Pelabuhan Perikanan Kejawanan, Jl. Kalijaga, Cirebon, West Java Jl. Margomulyo 4E Tandes, Surabaya, East Java Jl. Raya Deandels Km. 63, Kec. Paciran, Kab. Lamongan, East Java Jl. KIG Raya Selatan Kav. C5, Gresik, East
PT. INDOMAGURO VR. B-025-12 TUNAS UNGGUL PT. STAR VR. A/B-026-12 MARINDO PT. TUNA VR. B-027-12 PERMATA REJEKI PT. LAUTAN NIAGA VR. A/B-028-12 JAYA
27.
PD. JAYA SAKTI
VR. B-029-13
28.
PD. SAMBU
VR. B-030-13
29.
PT. BUMI MENARA VR. B-031-16 INTERNUSA
30.
PT. ENAM VR. B-032-16 DELAPAN SEMBILAN PT. KELOLA MINA VR. B-033-16 LAUT UNIT I
31.
Address
Type of fisheries products Fresh
Frozen Fresh
Remark CL1, date 01/11/2010; 928/QLCL1, date 03/06/2011 2093/QLCLCL1, date 01/11/2010
Frozen
Frozen Fresh Tuna Frozen Tuna Frozen Fresh Frozen Frozen
Frozen Frozen Frozen Frozen
2093/QLCLCL1, date 01/11/2010
No.
Business name
Approval number
32.
PT. PANCA MITRA VR. B-034-16 MULTI PERDANA
33.
PT. SARI LAUT EKATAMA
VR. B-035-16
34.
PT. SUNRISE NIAGA FISHERY
VR. B-036-16
35.
PT. VARIA NIAGA NUSANTARA
VR. B-037-16
36.
CV. TIRTA SURYA VR. D-038-16 SRI REJEKI
37.
PT. UJUNG TIMUR VR. B-039-16
38.
PT. BALI MINA UTAMA
39.
PT. HENTRY JAYA VR. B-041-17
40.
PT. SUPER SAKU BALI
41.
PT. NELAYAN BAROKAH
42.
VR. B-040-17
VR. B-043-17 VR. B-044-23 VR. A/B-045-24
PT. SARI TUNA MAKMUR
Address Java Jl. Raya Banyuwangi Km. 10, Ds. Landangan, Kec. Kapongan, Kab. Situbondo, East Java Pergudangan Kalianak Permai Blok E No. 6-8, Jl. Kalianak Barat 75 B, Surabaya, East Java Dusun Dermo, Ds. Gunung Gangsir, Kec. Beji, Pasuruan, East Java Dusun Dermo, Ds. Gunung Gangsir, Kec. Beji, Pasuruan, East Java Jl. Margomulyo Permai Blok F/25, Surabaya, East Java Jl. Gatot Subroto, Gedangan, Sidoarjo, East Java Jl. Ikan Tuna Raya Timur, Pelabuhan Benoa, Denpasar, Bali Jl. Ikan Tuna Raya No. 17, Pelabuhan Benoa, Denpasar, Bali Jl. Ikan Tuna Raya Barat No. 1, Pelabuhan Benoa, Denpasar, Bali Jl. Gajah Mada RT. 03 Karang Rejo, Tarakan, East Kalimantan Kompleks Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Bitung, Kel. Aetembaga I, Kec. Aertembaga
Type of fisheries products
Remark
Frozen
Frozen
Frozen
Frozen
Dried Frozen Frozen Frozen Frozen Frozen Frozen Fresh
2093/QLCLCL1, date 01/11/2010
No. 43.
Business name
PT. NUTRINDO FRESFOOD INTERNASIONAL
Approval number VR. A/B-046-24
44.
PT. KEMILAU BINTANG TIMUR
VR. B/C-047-27
45.
PT. MULTI SARI MAKASSAR
VR. B-048-27
46.
PT. TRI KUSUMA GRAHA (KM. Sawu Pearl ) PT. TRI KUSUMA GRAHA (KM. Aru Pearl) PT. TRI KUSUMA GRAHA (KM. Khamsin – A) PT. TRI KUSUMA GRAHA (KM. Napier Pearl) PT. TRI KUSUMA GRAHA (KM. Evia Pearl) PT. TRI KUSUMA GRAHA (KM. Seram Pearl) PT. TRI KUSUMA GRAHA (KM. Banda Pearl) PT. TRI KUSUMA GRAHA (KM. Arafura Pearl)
VR. B-049-32
47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53.
Address Bitung, North Sulawesi Lingkungan I, Kelurahan Tanjung Merah, Kecamatan Matuari, Bitung, North Sulawesi Jl. Kima 3 Kav. 2A, Kawasan Industri Makassar, Makassar, South Sulawesi
Type of fisheries products
Remark
Frozen Fresh Frozen Canned
Jl. Kima 14 Kav. SS 12, Makassar, South Sulawesi Jln. Attaqwa Seringgu No. 182 – Merauke
Frozen
VR. B-050-32
Jln. Attaqwa Seringgu No. 182 – Merauke
Frozen
VR. B-051-32
Jln. Attaqwa Seringgu No. 182 – Merauke
Frozen
VR. B-052-32
Jln. Attaqwa Seringgu No. 182 – Merauke
Frozen
VR. B-053-32
Jln. Attaqwa Seringgu No. 182 – Merauke
Frozen
VR. B-054-32
Jln. Attaqwa Seringgu No. 182 – Merauke
Frozen
VR. B-055-32
Jln. Attaqwa Seringgu No. 182 – Merauke
Frozen
VR. B-056-32
Jln. Attaqwa Seringgu No. 182 – Merauke
Frozen
2093/QLCLCL1, date 01/11/2010 NAFIQAD’s letter No. 0724/QLCLCL1, dated 29/4/2011 2093/QLCLCL1, date 01/11/2010
Frozen
2093/QLCLCL1, date 01/11/2010
No.
Business name
Approval number
54.
UD. PIALA
VR. B-057-33
55.
PT. PAHALA BAHARI NUSANTARA
VR. B-058-13
56.
PT. INTIMAS SURYA
VR. A/B-059-17
57.
PT. ARTA MINA TAMA
VR. A/B-060-12
58.
PT. BINA WIMATRACO PT. BONECOM
VR. B-061-12
59.
VR. A/B-062-12
60.
PT. TRIDAYA VR. B-063-12 ERAMINA BAHARI
61.
PT. MAKMUR JAYA VR. A/B-064-12 SEJAHTERA PT. INTIMAS VR. A-065-12 SURYA
62. 63.
PT. RED RIBBON INDONESIA
VR. B-066-12
64.
PT. CITRA VR. B-067-12 DIMENSI ARTHALI
65.
PT. TIGA SINERGI VR. B-068-12 BERJAYA (KM. TEGUH HASLINDO)
Address Jl. A. Yani Kuda Laut, Komplek Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Sorong, Sorong, West Irian Jaya Kawasan Industri Karyadeka Pancamurni Kav. B3, Cikarang, West Java Jl. Ikan Tuna Raya, Pelabuhan Benoa, Denpasar, Bali Perum Perikanan Samudera, Jl. Cumi Raya Blok E No. 1A, Jakarta Jl. Muara Baru Ujung No. 6-8, Jakarta Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Blok L No. 1, Kel. Penjaringan, Jakarta Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Blok K No. 3, Penjaringan, Jakarta Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Blok J No. 8, Jakarta Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Dermaga Timur Transit No. 7, Jakarta Jl. Muara Baru Ujung, Perum Prasarana Perikanan Samudera Blok K No. 5, Jakarta Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Ruang Proses I, Perum Prasarana Perikanan Samudera, Jakarta Komplek Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Nizam Zahman Blok M
Type of fisheries products Frozen
Remark
Frozen
Fresh Frozen Fresh Frozen Frozen Fresh Frozen Frozen Fresh Frozen Fresh Frozen
Frozen
Frozen
2505/QLCLCL1, date 29/12/2010
Approval number
No.
Business name
66.
PT. LAUTAN MAKMUR SENTOSA PT. NUSANTARA ALAM BAHARI
VR. B-069-12
68.
CV. MAHERA
VR. D-071-12
69.
PT. AGB ICE & FISHERIES
VR. B-072-12
70.
PT. KMC INDONESIA
VR. B-073-12
71.
PT. STAR MARINDO
VR. B-074-12
72.
PT. FRESH ON TIME SEAFOOD
VR. B/C-075-13
73.
PT. USAHA CENTRAL JAYA SAKTI CV. MAKASSAR JAYA
VR. A/B-076-27
67.
74.
VR. B-070-12
VR. D-077-27
75.
PT. NUANSA CIPTA VR. B-078-27 MAGELLO
76.
PT. TONGA TIUR PUTRA
VR. C-080-02
77.
PT. INDONESIA MARICULTURE
VR. A-081-05
Address No. 3-4, Jakarta Komplek Workshop PHPT Kav. 5 Muara Angke, Jakarta Transit Shed No. 15 BC, Dermaga Barat, Penjaringan, Jakarta Jl. Plumpang Semper No. 18, Jakarta Jl. Dermaga TPI Baru Muara Angke, Pluit, Penjaringan, Jakarta Jl. Dermaga Muara Angke No. 2, Penjaringan, Pluit, Jakarta Komplek Pelabuhan Perikanan Muara Baru, Jl. Tuna Blok J1/No. 1, Jakarta Jl. Raya Narogong KM. 26,5 Komplek Industri Kembang Kuning, Kec. Klapa Nunggal, Bogor, West Java Jl. KIMA V Kav. E, No. 3A, Makassar, South Sulawesi Jl. Batara Bira 6, Komp. PU No. 13, Makassar, South Sulawesi Jl. KIMA III Kav. 5, Makassar, South Sulawesi Jl. Pulau Solor KIM II, Mabar, Medan, North Sumatera Pulau Murai Batu, Desa Keban, Kec. Moro,
Type of fisheries products
Remark
Frozen Frozen
2505/QLCLCL1, date 29/12/2010
Dried Frozen Frozen
Frozen
Frozen Canned
Fresh Frozen Dried Frozen Canned Fresh
121/QLCLCL1, date 26 Jan 2011 NAFIQAD’s letter No.
No.
Business name
Approval number
INDUSTRIES
Type of fisheries products
Kab. Karimun, Kepulauan Riau
78.
PT. KEMILAU BINTANG TIMUR
VR. B-082-13
79.
PT. INTI LUHUR FUJA ABADI
VR. B-083-16
80.
CV. PASIFIC VR. C-084-16 HARVEST (UNIT I)
81.
PT. SAMUDRA KENCANA MINA
82.
PT. PRASETYA VR. B-086-17 AGUNG CAHAYA UTAMA PT. MAKMUR JAYA VR. A/B-087-17 SEJAHTERA
83.
Address
VR. B-085-16
84.
PT. WIRONTONO BARU
VR. B-088-22
85.
PT. KALIMANTAN FISHERY
VR. B-089-22
86.
PT. KEMILAU BINTANG TIMUR
VR. B-090-27
Jl. Raya Kaliasin KM. 6, Pangulah Utara, Kota Baru, Cikampek, Karawang, West Java Jl. Raya Cangkringmalang KM. 6, Beji, Pasuruan, East Java Jl. Tratas No. 61, Muncar, Banyuwangi, East Java Central Square E. 31, Jl. Ahmad Yani 41-43, Gedangan, Sidoarjo, East Java Jl. A. Yani I, Dusun Carik Padang, Nyambu, Kediri, Tabanan, Bali Jl. Ikan Tuna IV, Pelabuhan Benoa, Denpasar, Bali Jl. Teluk /Tiram No. 5, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan Jl. Tanjung Berkat, No. 3 RT. 4, Teluk Tiram, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan Jl. Kima 3 Kav. 2A, Kawasan Industri Makassar, Makassar, South Sulawesi
Frozen
Remark 121/QLCLCL1, date 26 Jan 2011 NAFIQAD’s letter No. 0724/QLCLCL1, dated 29/4/2011 121/QLCLCL1, date 26 Jan 2011
Frozen
Canned Frozen
Frozen Fresh Frozen Frozen Frozen
Frozen
121/QLCLCL1, date 26 Jan 2011 121/QLCLCL1, date 26 Jan 2011
No.
Business name
Approval number
87.
PT. USAHA CENTRALJAYA SAKTI
VR. A/B-091-27
88.
CV. SUMBER BAHARI MANDIRI
VR. D-092-27
90.
PT. LAUTAN BAHARI SEJAHTERA
VR. A/B-093-12
PT. LUCKY SAMUDRA PRATAMA
VR. A/B-094-12
CV. INTI MAKMUR
VR. A/B-095-12
93.
PT. SARI AYUCIPTA SAMUDRA
94.
95.
91.
92.
96.
Address
Type of fisheries products Fresh Frozen
Remark
Kawasan Industri Makassar, Jl. KIMA V Kav. E No. 3A, Makassar, South Sulawesi Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Dried KM 12 Ruko 5, Makassar, South Sulawesi Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Blok J No. 7, Jakarta
Fresh
Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Blok F No. 1, Jakarta
Frozen
Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Processing 2 Barat, Muara Baru, Jakarta
Fresh
VR. B-096-12
Jl. Dermaga Muara Angke No. 12, Kel. Pluit, Kec. Penjaringan, Jakarta
Frozen
PT. GABUNGAN ERA MANDIRI (I)
VR. B-097-12
Jl. Tuna II Blok J No. 4, Muara Baru, Jakarta
Frozen
PT. ANEKA TUNA INDONESIA
VR. B/C-098-16
Jl. Raya SurabayaMalang KM. 38, Gempol, Pasuruan, East Java
Frozen
PT. BANDAR TUNA
VR. B-099-17
Jl. Pelabuhan Benoa No. 5, Pelabuhan Benoa, Denpasar, Bali
Frozen
Frozen
Fresh
Frozen
Canned
928/QLCLCL1, date 3 June 2011
Approval number
Business name
97.
CV. ANUGERAH SEJATI
VR. D-100-27
Jl. Metro Tanjung Bunga A33-Ruko Somba Opu, Makassar, South Sulawesi
Dried
98.
PT. SOUTH SUCO
VR. B-101-27
Jl. KIMA VI Blok G/IV B, Kawasan Industri Makassar, South Sulawesi
Frozen
99.
PT. SAMUDRA PERKASA ABADI
VR. B-102-02
Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto (Ujung BatuSarudik) Tapanuli Tengah, North Sumatera
Frozen
100
PT. BENUA AGRI SEJAHTERA
VR. A/B103-12
Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Blok K No. 7A, Jakarta
Fresh
PT. FISHINDO LINTAS SAMUDRA
VR. A/B-104-17
Jl. Ikan Tuna Raya No. 17, Pelabuhan Benoa, Bali
Fresh
102
PT. BANDAR NELAYAN
VR. B-105-17
Jl. Ikan Tuna IV No. 8, Pelabuhan, Benoa, Bali
Frozen
103
CV. BONE AGUNG MINA PERSADA
VR. B-106-27
Jl. Wiyatamandala, Kel. Lonrae, Kec. T.R. Timur Watampone, Makassar, South Sulawesi
Frozen
104
CV. SOON HO
VR. B-010-02
JI. Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Belawan, Gabion –
Frozen
101
Address
Type of fisheries products
No.
Remark
Frozen
Frozen
2208/QLC L-CL1, date 22
No.
Business name
Approval number
Address
Type of fisheries products
Belawan, North Sumatera
Remark November 2011
105
PT. FRESINDO MUTU UTAMA
VR. B-115-12
JI. Bandengan Utara Kav. 81 Blok B No. 12, Jakarta
Frozen
106
PT. CHARLY WIJAYA TUNA
VR. B-116-12
JI. Muara Baru Ujung Pelabuhan Muara Baru Blok K7c, Jakarta
Frozen
107
PT. SUMBER BAHARI MAKMUR
VR.D-117-13
JI. Wahab Affan No. 4KM. 28, Bekasi Barat, West Java
Dried
108
PT. SUMBER LAUT BENGINDO
VR. B-118-13
JI. Raya Sunan Gunung Jati No. 16, Cirebon, West Java
Frozen
109
PT. GOLDEN CUP SEAFOOD
VR. B-107-02
JI. Gabion Perikanan No. 8 Belawan, Kel. Bagan Deli, Kec. Medan Belawan, North Sumatera
Frozen
110
CV. LIMANTHO
VR. D-108-16
JI. Hang Tuah No 4B, Surabaya, East Java
Dried
111
PT. STARFOOD INTERNATIONAL
VR.B-109-16
Jl. Deandels KM. 76 Desa Kandang Semangkon, Kec. Paciran, Lamongan, East Java
Frozen
112
PT. ISTANA CIPTA SEMBADA
VR. B-110-16
Desa Laban Asem, Kabat, Banyuwangi, East Java
Frozen
No.
Business name
Approval number
Address
Type of fisheries products
113
CV. ANGIN TIMUR SEAFOOD
VR. B-111-16
Pergudangan Sinar Gedangan E.15, Gedangan, Sidoarjo, East Java
Frozen
114
PT. ARABIKATAMA KHATULISTIWA FISHING INDUSTRY
VR. B-112-17
JI. By Pass Ngurah Rai No. 92 XX, Pesanggaran, Denpasar, Bali
Frozen
115
PT. WAHYU PRADANA BINAMULIA
VR. B-113-27
JI. Kima Raya, XT-2B, Kawasan Industri Makassar, Makassar, South Sulawesi
Frozen
116
PT. FOUR BRIGHT STAR
VR. B-114-27
JI. Kima Raya ID-2A, Kawasan Industri Makassar, Makassar, South Sulawesi
Frozen
117
PT. BALI OCEAN ANUGRAH LINGER INDONESIA
VR. B-119-17
JI. Ikan Tuna Raya Barat IV, Pelabuhan Benoa, Denpasar, Bali
Frozen
118
PT. HATINDO MAKMUR
VR.A/B-120-17
Kompleks pelabuhan Benoa, JI. Ikan Tuna III No. 2, Benoa, Denpasar, Bali
Frozen,
PT. HARTA SAMUDRA
VR.A/B-121-30
Kompleks Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara, JI. Sultan Hasanudin, Tantui, Ambon, Maluku
Frozen
119
Fresh
Fresh
Remark
No.
Business name
Approval number
Address
Type of fisheries products
120
PT. MALUKU UTARA FISHERIES
VR. B-122-31
Desa Panamboang, Kecamatan Bacan Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan, North Maluku
Frozen
121
UD. BANDAR MINA
VR. A-123-11
Pergudangan Bandara Mas Blok F 12, Kel. Neglasari, Kota Tangerang, Banten
Fresh/Live
122
PT. WIRONTONO BARU
VR. B-124-12
Jl. Ancol Barat III No. 1-2, Jakarta
Frozen
123
PT. TRITUNGGAL LINTAS SAMUDRA
VR. A-125-12
Jl. Muara Baru Ujung, Dermaga Timur Transit 12A, Jakarta
Fresh
124
PT. BAHARI PRATAMA MANDIRI
VR.A/B-126-13
Jl. Pelita, Cipatuguran, Palabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi, West Java
Fresh Frozen
125
PT. ALAM JAYA
VR.A/B-127-16
Jl. Raya Rungkut Industri ll/25 Surabaya, East Java
Fresh Frozen
126
PT. SURYA ALAM TUNGGAL
VR. B-128-16
Jl. Raya Tropodo 126, Waru Sidoarjo, East Java
Frozen
127
CV. SURYA MAS
VR. B/D-129-16
Jl. Tanjungsari Mas No. 8, Surabaya, East Java
Frozen Dried
Remark
78/QLCLCL1, date 16 January 2012
Approval number
Business name
128
PT. SUMBERBAHARI MAKMUR
VR. D-130-16
Jl. Margomulyo No. 44, Komplek Suri Mulya Permai Blok B No. 24-25, Surabaya, East Java
Dried
129
PT. AGROMINA WICAKSANA
VR. B-131-16
Jl. Berbek Industri V/25 B, Sidoarjo, East Java
Frozen
130
PT. CAHAYA TIMUR LESTARI
VR. B-132-16
Jl. Gatot Subroto No. 53, Bulusari, Ketapang, Banyuwangi, East Java
Frozen
131
PT. KARIMATA TIMUR
VR. B-133-22
Jl. A. Yani, RT. II RW, II No. 88 KM. 34, Desa Nusa Indah, Kec.Bati-Bati, Kab. Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan
Frozen
132
PT. MUSTIKA MINANUSA AURORA
VR. B-134-23
Jl. Buntu Komplek Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai, Tarakan, East Kalimantan
Frozen
133
CV. INDOTROPIC FISHERY
VR. B-135-26
Jl. Raya KM. 9 Desa Biak, Kec. Luwuk, Kab. Banggai, Central Sulawesi
Frozen
VR.A/B-136-02
Jl.Gabion Perikanan Nusantara Belawan, Medan, North Sumatera
134
UD.YSR
Address
Type of fisheries products
No.
Remark
Fresh and frozen 07/05/2012 fish; Frozen Cephalopods
No. 135
Business name UD.HALIM JAYA
Approval number
Address
VR. A-137-02
Jl. Raya Deli TuaPatumbak KM. 18,5 Jalan Lantasan Baru No.1 Desa Cinta Damai, Kec. Patumbak North Sumatera
Type of fisheries products Live Turtle
136
PT.JIKO GANTUNG POWER
VR. B-138-13
Kampung Rawa Frozen fish Kalong No. 268, Palabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi, West Java
137
P.T BAHARI BIRU NUSANTARA
VR.B-139-16
Jl. Deandels KM. 82,6 Frozen Fish; No 88, Desa Sedayu, Kec. Brondong. Kab. Frozen Lamongan, East Java Cephalopods
138
PT. SUKSES LAUTAN INDONESIA
VR.A/B-140-16
Jl. Tanjung Tembaga Barat Pelabuhan Indonesia Probolinggo, East Java
Frozen fish; Frozen Cephalopods; Fresh Tuna
139
PT. TUNAS NELAYAN MANDIRI
VR.B-141-23
Tanjung Batu, Frozen shrimp Kelurahan Mamburung, Tarakan, East Kalimantan
140
PT. SUMBER KALIMANTAN ABADI
VR.B-142-23
Jl. Mulawarman 99 Frozen raw Manggar, Balikpapan, shrimp; East Kalimantan Frozen cooked shrimp
VR. B-143-02
Jln. Titi Pahlawan No. 38, Kel. Rengas Pulau, Kec. Medan Marelan, Medan,
141
PT. SEAFOOD SUMATERA PERKASA
Remark
Frozen shrimp; Frozen Cephal
27/08/2012
No.
Business name
Approval number
Address North Sumatera
142
PT. LESTARI MAGRIS
VR. B-144-07
143
PT. LOLA MINA
VR. B-145-12
144
PT. TONGA TIUR PUTRA
145
PT. HOLI MINA JAYA
VR. B-147-14
Jl. Raya SemarangTuban KM. 138, Ds. Sendang Mulyo, Kec. Sluke, Kab. Rembang, Central Java
146
CV. BUANA ARTO MORO
VR. B-148-16
147
CV. SUMBER ASIA TRADING COMPANY PT. TRIDAYA
VR. C-149-16
Jl. Rembang Industri VII/2 PIER, Pasuruan, East Java Jl. Tratas Raya No. 19 Muncar, Banyuwangi, East Java Jl. Rembang Industri
148
VR. B/C/D-14614
VR. B-150-16
Jl. Ir. Sutami PO. BOX 185, Pulau Kemarau, Palembang, South Sumatera Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Blok N Kav. 5-6, Jakarta Jl. Raya SumurTawang No. 10, Kragan, Rembang, Central Java
Type of fisheries products opods; Frozen Fish Frozen Shrimp Frozen Shrimp Frozen Soft Shell Crab; Canned (Pasteu rized) Crabm eat; Dried Fish and Squid Frozen Cephal opods; Frozen Shrimp; Frozen Fish; Frozen Surimi Frozen Fish Canned Sardine Frozen
Remark
No.
Business name
Approval number
Address
JAYA MANUNGGAL
Raya No. 36 PIER, Pasuruan, East Java
149
PT. PERINTIS VR. A/B-151-17 JAYA INTERNASIONAL
150
PT. GILONTAS INDONESIA
151
PT. SYAM SURYA MANDIRI
Jl. Ikan Tuna Raya Barat No. 6, Pelabuhan Benoa, Denpasar, Bali Jalan Ikan Tuna Raya Barat No. 81, Pelabuhan Benoa, Denpasar, Bali Jl. Propinsi No. 01, Kp. Kajang, Kec. Anggana, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan
152
CV. INTI MAKMUR
VR. A/B-154-27
153
CV. ARINY
VR. D-155-27
154
PT. GLOBAL SEAFOOD INTERNATIONAL INDONESIA
VR. A/B-152-17
VR. B-153-23
VR. A/B-156-27
Jl. Kima 6, Blok F1/A2, Kawasan Industri Makassar, South Sulawesi
Jl. Daeng Tata Raya No. 25, Makassar, South Sulawesi Jl. Poros Bantaeng Bulukumba KM. 131, Desa Pajukukang, Kab. Bantaeng, South Sulawesi
Type of fisheries products Cephal opods; Frozen Fish; Frozen Surimi Fresh Tuna; Frozen Fish Fresh Tuna; Frozen Fish Frozen Raw Shrimp; Frozen Cooked Shrimp; Frozen Value Added Shrimp Fresh Tuna; Fresh Fish; Frozen Tuna; Frozen Fish Dried fish Fresh Tuna; Fresh Fish; Frozen
Remark
Approval number
No.
Business name
155
PT. YANAGI HISTALARAYA
156
PT. TRI KUSUMA VR. B-158-32 GRAHA (KM. Kusuma Pearl) PT. VR. B-159-02 AQUAFARM NUSANTARA
157
VR. B-157-29
158
PT. LAURA INDO
VR. B-160-07
157
PT. SINAR SEJAHTERA SENTOSA
VR. A/B-161-12
160
UD. SAMUDERAJA YA
VR. B-162-14
Address
Kawasan PPS Kendari, Jl. Samudera No. 1 Kel. Puday, Kec. Abeli, Kendari, South East Sulawesi Jl. At Taqwa Seringgu No. 182, Merauke Jin. Dusun VI] Desa Naga Kisar Kec. Pantai Cermin, Kab. Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatera Ji. Sabar Jaya No. 59, Prajen, Banyuasin, Palembang, South Sumatera Jl. Muara Baru Ujung Blok E No. 2, Jakarta Jl. Terboyo Industri Barat Blok E No. 4, Kawasan Industri Terboyo, Semarang,
Type of fisheries products Tuna; Frozen fish; Frozen Surimi; Frozen Cephal opods; Frozen Shrimp; Frozen Fish; Frozen Cephal opods. Frozen Shrimp Frozen Tilapia
Frozen Shrimp
Fresh Fish Frozen Fish Frozen Cephalopods Frozen Mollusca Frozen Fish
Remark
06/12/2012
Approval number
No.
Business name
161
FT. OCEAN MITRAMAS (KM. MITRAMAS 9) PT. ARABiKATAMA KHATULISTIW A FISHING INDUSTRY PT. SUMBER KALIMANTAN ABADI
VR. B-163-16
VR. B-165-23
Jl. Tanjung Pasir, Mamburungan, Tarakan, East Kalimantan
164
PT. SARI MALALUGIS
VR, D-166-24
165
PT. CHEN WOO FISHERY
VR. A/B-167-24
UD. ATOPS
VR. B/D-168-27
Jl. Madidir Weru Lingk. I, Bitung, North Sulawesi Jl. Worang By Pass, Desa Kaima, Kecamatan Kauditan, Minahasa utara, North Sulawesi Jl. Bahagia No. 2, Kel. Sudiang, Makassar, South Sulawesi Jl. Kima IV Blok K9/B2, Kawasan Industri Makassar, South Sulawesi Jl. Kima 4, p - 2B, Kawasan Industri
162
163
166
167
168
VR. A-164-17
PT. CHEN WOO FISHERY
VR. A/B-169-27
PT. CHEN WOO FISHERY
VR. A/B-170-27
Address Central Java Jl. Raya Situbondo No. 103, Banyuwangi, East Java Jl. Ikan Tuna Raya No. 20, Pelabuhan Benoa, Denpasar, Bali
Type of fisheries products Frozen Tuna
Fresh Tuna
Frozen cooked shrimp Frozen raw shrimp Dried/Smoke d fish Fresh Tuna Frozen Tuna
Frozen fish Dried fish
Fresh fish Frozen fish
Fresh fish Frozen fish
Remark
No.
169
Business name
UD. ANUGERAH BINTANG CEMERLANG
Approval number
Address
VR. A/B-171-27
Makassar, South Sulawesi Jl. Bambu Runcing No. 99, Kab. Maros, South Sulawesi
Type of fisheries products
Fresh Tuna Frozen Tuna
Remark
