DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul ......................................................................................................... i Lembar Pengesahan Dosen Pembimbing ............................................................... ii Lembar Pengesahan Dosen Penguji ...................................................................... iii Halaman Persembahan .......................................................................................... iv Halaman Motto ....................................................................................................... v Kata Pengantar....................................................................................................... vi Abstrak ................................................................................................................... ix Abstract................................................................................................................... x Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................ xi Daftar Tabel ......................................................................................................... xiii Daftar Gambar ..................................................................................................... xiv Daftar Notasi ....................................................................................................... xvi Bab 1 Pendahuluan ................................................................................................. 1 1.1
Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1
1.2
Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 2
1.3
Batasan Masalah ...................................................................................... 3
1.4
Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................................... 3
1.5
Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................... 3
1.6
Sistematika Penulisan .............................................................................. 3
Bab 2 Tinjauan Pustaka .......................................................................................... 5 2.1
Kajian Pustaka ......................................................................................... 5
2.2
Dasar Teori .............................................................................................. 6
2.2.1
Pengertian Pompa Hidram ................................................................ 6
2.2.2
Pengertian Model Pompa Hidram .................................................... 6
2.2.3
Bagian-Bagian Model Pompa Hidram ............................................. 7
2.2.4
Sistem Operasi Pompa Hidram ........................................................ 9
2.3
Persamaan Pada Pompa Hidram ............................................................ 11
2.3.1
Debit Aliran .................................................................................... 11
2.3.2
Kecepatan Aliran ............................................................................ 11
2.3.3
Bilangan Reynold ........................................................................... 12
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2.3.4
Friction Factor ............................................................................... 13
2.3.5
Headloss ......................................................................................... 14
2.3.6
Water Hammer ............................................................................... 16
Bab 3 Metodologi Penelitian ................................................................................ 18 3.1
Alur Penelitian ....................................................................................... 18
3.2
Peralatan dan Bahan............................................................................... 19
3.2.1
Peralatan ......................................................................................... 19
3.2.2
Bahan .............................................................................................. 22
3.3
Pembuatan Pompa.................................................................................. 25
3.4
Skema Penelitian.................................................................................... 25
3.5
Variabel yang Diamati ........................................................................... 27
3.6
Langkah Penelitian ................................................................................ 28
3.6.1
Persiapan......................................................................................... 28
3.6.2
Simulasi Percobaan ........................................................................ 28
3.6.3
Pelaksanaan Pengujian ................................................................... 28
Bab 4 Hasil dan Pembahasan ............................................................................... 30 4.1
Proses Pengambilan Data....................................................................... 30
4.2
Hasil Pengamatan .................................................................................. 34
4.3
Analisis dan Pembahasan....................................................................... 37
4.3.1
Hubungan Headloss dengan Fenomena yang Terjadi .................... 37
4.3.2
Hubungan Pompa Hidram dengan Teori Water Hammer .............. 45
Bab 5 Penutup....................................................................................................... 50 5.1
Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 50
5.2
Saran atau Penelitian Berikutnya ........................................................... 50
Daftar Pustaka ...................................................................................................... 52 LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................................... 53
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 4-1 Data Hasil Pengamatan Debit Aliran ................................................... 37 Tabel 4-2 Hasil Perhitungan Kecepatan Aliran .................................................... 38 Tabel 4-3 Hasil Perhitungan Bilangan Reynold ................................................... 39 Tabel 4-4 Nilai Friction Factor yang Diambil dari Moody Diagram .................. 40 Tabel 4-5 Hasil Perhitungan Major Headloss ...................................................... 42 Tabel 4-6 Hasil Perhitungan Minor Headloss ...................................................... 43 Tabel 4-7 Hasil Perhitungan Headloss Total........................................................ 44 Tabel 4-8 Hasil Perhitungan Rugi Gesek, Head Pompa,dan Tinggi Tekanan ..... 48
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1-1 Instalasi pompa hidram pada umumnya. ........................................... 2 Gambar 2-1 Tabung yang di analisa. ..................................................................... 5 Gambar 2-2 Penampungan. ................................................................................... 7 Gambar 2-3 Pipa masuk. ....................................................................................... 7 Gambar 2-4 Badan pompa. .................................................................................... 7 Gambar 2-5 Katup pengantar. ............................................................................... 8 Gambar 2-6 Tabung udara. .................................................................................... 8 Gambar 2-7 Katup limbah. .................................................................................... 9 Gambar 2-8 Selang keluar. .................................................................................... 9 Gambar 2-9 Sistem operasi pompa hidram. .......................................................... 9 Gambar 2-10 Ilustrasi sistem kerja pompa hidram.............................................. 10 Gambar 2-11 Contoh aliran laminar. .................................................................. 13 Gambar 2-12 Contoh aliran turbulen. ................................................................. 13 Gambar 2-13 Contoh aliran transisi. ................................................................... 13 Gambar 2-14 Moody diagram. ............................................................................. 14 Gambar 2-15 Ilustrasi fenomena water hammer. ................................................ 16 Gambar 3-1 Diagram alir penelitian. ................................................................... 18 Gambar 3-2 Mesin 3D printing. .......................................................................... 19 Gambar 3-3 Model pompa hidram. ..................................................................... 20 Gambar 3-4 Stopwatch ........................................................................................ 20 Gambar 3-5 Meteran............................................................................................ 21 Gambar 3-6 Selang air. ........................................................................................ 21 Gambar 3-7 Gelas ukur. ...................................................................................... 21 Gambar 3-8 Penampungan input. ........................................................................ 22 Gambar 3-9 Material ABS. .................................................................................. 22 Gambar 3-10 Sambungan tee. ............................................................................. 23 Gambar 3-11 Sambungan 90°. ............................................................................ 23 Gambar 3-12 Sambungan 60°. ............................................................................ 23 Gambar 3-13 Sambungan 30°. ............................................................................ 24 Gambar 3-14 Pipa akuarium. ............................................................................... 24
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Gambar 3-15 Selang output. ................................................................................ 24 Gambar 3-16 Skema penelitian dengan sudut pipa masuk 90°. .......................... 26 Gambar 3-17 Skema penelitian dengan sudut pipa masuk 60°. .......................... 26 Gambar 3-18 Skema penelitian dengan sudut pipa masuk 30°. .......................... 27 Gambar 4-1 Percobaan pertama. ......................................................................... 30 Gambar 4-2 Percobaan kedua. ............................................................................. 31 Gambar 4-3 Instalasi pertama ketinggian pipa masuk 0,5 m dengan sudut 90°.. 31 Gambar 4-4 Instalasi kedua ketinggian pipa masuk 1 m dengan sudut 90°. ....... 32 Gambar 4-5 Instalasi ketiga ketinggian pipa masuk 0,5 m dengan sudut 30°. .... 32 Gambar 4-6 Instalasi keempat ketinggian pipa masuk 1 m dengan sudut 60°. .. 32 Gambar 4-7 Instalasi kelima ketinggian pipa masuk 0,5 m dengan sudut 60°.... 33 Gambar 4-8 Instalasi keenam ketinggian pipa masuk 0,5 m dengan sudut 60°. . 33 Gambar 4-9 Instalasi keseluruhan dengan tiang penyangga selang output. ........ 33 Gambar 4-10 Data hasil pengamatan. ................................................................. 34 Gambar 4-11 Grafik rasio (head) dan debit......................................................... 35 Gambar 4-12 Grafik rasio (head) dan debit......................................................... 35 Gambar 4-13 Grafik rasio (head) dan debit dalam persentase. ........................... 36 Gambar 4-14 Grafik rasio (head) dan debit dalam persentase. ........................... 36 Gambar 4-15 Moody diagram. ............................................................................. 39 Gambar 4-16 Pengambilan data friction factor dengan Moody diagram............. 40 Gambar 4-17 Sudut belokan pipa. ....................................................................... 42 Gambar 4-18 Grafik hubungan sudut pipa masuk dengan Major Headloss. ...... 43 Gambar 4-19 Grafik hubungan sudut pipa masuk dengan Minor Headloss. ...... 44 Gambar 4-20 Grafik hubungan sudut pipa masuk dengan Headloss total. ......... 45 Gambar 4-21 Grafik hubungan sudut pipa masuk dengan water hammer. ......... 48
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DAFTAR NOTASI
A
= Luas penampang pipa (m).
d
= Diameter dalam pipa yang digunakan (m).
f
= Faktor gesekan Darcy.
g
= Gravitasi.
Ha
= Tinggi tekanan pada tabung.
Hf
= Major headloss (m).
Hm
= Minor headloss (m).
Hs
= Ketinggian air dalam penampungan.
Hstf
= Rugi gesek dalam pipa.
k
= Koefisien kerugian (dari lampiran koefisien minor losses).
l
= Panjang pipa dari penampung ke tabung (m).
L
= Panjang pipa (m). = Viskositas fluida (kg/m.s).
n
= Jumlah kelengkapan pipa.
= Sudut belokan (derajat).
p
= Massa jenis air (kg/
Q
= Debit aliran (
Re
= Bilangan Reynold.
t
= Waktu aliran (s).
v
= Volume aliran (
V
= Kecepatan aliran dalam pipa (m/s).
h
= Head (m).
).
).
).
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