FOLYAMATOS MÚLT (Past Continuous) ALAKJA A folyamatos múlt segédigéje: E/1 és E/3: WAS; E/2, T/1, T/2, T/3: WERE Ezt használjuk kijelentő, állító mondatokban és kérdezéskor, valamint tagadáskor is! Ehhez kapcsolódik az adott ige –ING-es alakja. Tehát: ● KIJELENTŐ, ÁLLÍTÓ (NEM TAGADÓ) MONDATBAN: WAS/WERE + az ige ING-es alakja pl. While Garfield was trying to take a photo, the mice were standing on his belly and they were smiling. (Mialatt Garfield egy fotót próbált készíteni, az egerek a hasán álltak, és mosolyogtak.) ● TAGADÁS: a segédige után kerül a „not” tagadószó: WAS/WERE + NOT + az ige ING-es alakja pl. Garfield was not standing. (Garfield nem állt.) The mice were not crying. (Az egerek nem sírtak.) ÖSSZEVONÁS: A „was” és „were” segédige a „not” tagadószóval összevonható, (az alannyal viszont nem!): pl. He was not standing. = He wasn’t standing. They were not crying = They weren’t crying. ● KÉRDEZÉS: a segédige az alany elé kerül: WAS/WERE + ALANY + az ige ING-es ALAKJA pl. Was Garfield smiling too? (Garfield is mosolygott?) Why were the mice smiling? (Miért mosolyogtak az egerek?) HASZNÁLATA (szembeállítva az egyszerű múlttal) EGYSZERŰ MÚLT ● szokásos, valamilyen gyakorisággal ismétlődő múltbeli cselekvés I usually wrote a letter in the evening. (Este általában írtam egy levelet.) Jellemző a gyakoriságot kifejező időhatározó.
FOLYAMATOS MÚLT ● a szokásostól eltérő, ideiglenes múltbeli cselekvés Last night I was writing a newspaper article. ↔ (Tegnap este egy újságcikket írtam.)
● a múlt egy adott időpontjában éppen folyt cselekvés We were eating the dinner at 8 p.m. (Este nyolckor (éppen) a vacsorát ettük.) A magyarban előfordulhat: - az ’éppen’ időhatározó - nincs igekötő, vagy az ige után áll - folyamatosságra utaló képző - folyamatos jelentésű rokon értelmű szó - az irányultság megadásához hozzátett „felé”
● egyetlen pillanatig tartott (mozzanatos ill. befejezett) múltbeli esemény We ate the dinner. (Megettük a vacsorát.) A magyarban jellemző az igekötő (az ige előtt).
● Olyan cselekvés, ami éppen folyt, amikor valami más hirtelen bekövetkezett As we were eating the dinner, someone knocked the door. (Amint ettük a vacsorát, valaki bekopogott ↔ az ajtón.) Jellemző az ”as” vagy a ”while” kötőszó a folyamatos múltat tartalmazó tagmondatban.
● a múltban hosszan (egy időszakaszon át) folyt cselekvés We were eating all day yesterday. (Tegnap egész nap ettünk.) Jellemző az időszakasz hosszát kiemelő időhatározó.
● Két vagy több párhuzamosan folyó múltbeli cselekvés While we were eating, Tom was watching TV. (Mialatt ettünk, Tom TV-t nézett.) Jellemző a ”while” kötőszó.
● egyszerű múltbeli tény közlése, állapot, érzés vélemény kifejezése I lived here. (Itt laktam.) ● PAST SIMPLE és PAST CONTINUOUS FŐ KÜLÖNBSÉGE Past Simple: A cselekvés befejezettségét vagy kezdetét hangsúlyozza. pl. He drank a lot of wine. (Sok bort ivott meg.) ↨ Past Continuous: A cselekvés befejezetlenségét hangsúlyozza (hogy t.i. „éppen folyt”a cselekvés. pl. She was drinking her tea. (Itta a teáját.)
JELLEMZŐ KÖTŐSZÓK A FOLYAMATOS MÚLT MELLETT WHILE = amíg, mialatt pl. While we were travelling, we were reading newspapers. (Mialatt utaztunk, újságokat olvastunk.) AS = miközben, amint épp pl. As I was coming home I met an old friend of mine. (Amint jöttem hazafelé, találkoztam egy régi barátommal.)
1) Transform the sentences into Past Continuous. 1. They are listening to music. 2. She is crying. 3. I am reading. 4. Are you eating? 5. He’s writing a letter. 6. We’re making tea. 7. Are they sleeping? 8. What are you doing? 9. Where’s he going? 10. Why is she laughing? 2) Ask questions about the underlined parts of the sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
I was writing a letter. She was laughing because she was happy. Mary and Bob were watching TV. Charlie was standing at the corner. Kate was waiting for Charlie.
3) Fill in the spaces with the Past Continuous form of the verbs, then transform the sentences into questions (Q) and negations (N). 1. I (write) ___________ when the teacher came. Q: _________________________________________________________________________ N: _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Jane (wait) __________ for me when I arrived. Q: _________________________________________________________________________ N: _________________________________________________________________________ 3. Tom burnt his hand while he (cook) __________ Q: _________________________________________________________________________ N: _________________________________________________________________________ 4. They (look) _________ here when you saw them. Q: _________________________________________________________________________ N: _________________________________________________________________________ 5. When Don came, we (have)_______ coffee.
Q: _________________________________________________________________________ N: _________________________________________________________________________ 6. I (walk) _______ home when it started raining. Q: _________________________________________________________________________ N: _________________________________________________________________________ 7. As he (have) ________ a bath, the phone rang. Q: _________________________________________________________________________ N: _________________________________________________________________________ 8. You (listen to) ______________ music when you heard the noise. Q: _________________________________________________________________________ N: _________________________________________________________________________ 9. Ann (have) _______ lunch while I (be) ____ on the phone. Q: _________________________________________________________________________ N: _________________________________________________________________________ 10. We (sit) __________ while you (talk) __________ to us. Q: _________________________________________________________________________ N: _________________________________________________________________________ 11. You (study) __________ while Mum (tidy up) _________ Q: _________________________________________________________________________ N: _________________________________________________________________________ 4) Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Öt órakor éppen tévét néztem. Mary éppen aludt. Bob és Linda tegnap egész nap a parkban sétáltak. Nem a házi feladatunkat írtuk 2 órakor. A múlt héten szállodában laktál? Mit csináltál tegnap öt órakor? Miért sírt Mary?
Past Simple vs. Past Continuous 5) Choose the Past Simple or the Past Continuous form of the verbs in bracket! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
I _________________(wash) my hands when the telephone _________________(ring). Mary ________________(sew) while John ________________(mend) the radio. She _______________(break) down when she _______________(hear) the news. She _______________(think) about something else all the time you _______________ (talk) to her. The children _______________(run) away when they _______________(see) the policeman. I _______________(not want) to meet Paul so when he _______________(enter) the room, I _______________(leave). While I _______________(wait) for the taxi yesterday I _______________(see) a car crash. Tom _______________(have to) go to the dentist when he _______________(be) in Budapest. I _______________(have breakfast) when the postman _______________ (ring) the doorbell.
10. She _______________(do) her driving test this time yesterday. 11. My parents _______________(live) in Los Angeles between 1975-1985. 12. The guests _______________(dance) happily when one of them suddenly collapsed. 13. The dogs _______________(bark) all night so we couldn’t sleep. 14. On my way home it _______________(start) to rain so I _______________(open) my umbrella. 15. She ____________ (exercise) when a rock __________ (fall) on her motorcycle. 16. ________________ (they/ go) to the cinema yesterday? 17. He ___________ (play) the guitar while I was singing. 18. Yesterday I ____________ (see) my best friend. He ______________ (ride) his bike. 19. I ___________( not see) you yesterday. Where ________ (be) you? 20. We _____________ (watch) TV when we saw a car bumping into a tree. 6) Fill in the gaps with the Past Simple or Past Continuous for of the verbs in brackets. It ……………(be) a cold November evening and all the animals ………….……(sit) in their houses. The lion ………………(read) the newspaper and the lioness ………………(play) with the lion cubs. They ………… (be) all happy to be together. The fox ……… (be) alone in the den, because the vixen ………………. (pay) a visit to her relatives in the Green Forrest. The rabbits ………….……(sleep), while the wolves …………… (play) chess. Nobody ……………(know) where the bears ……… (be) or what they ………………. (do). All of a sudden a terrible noise ………… (be) heard. They …………. (hurry) outside and …………. (come) to the Old Tree, the place where all the animals of the Silver Forrest usually …………… (meet) when important matters ……(be) decided. They …………. (know) nothing about the nature of that noise and …………. (send) the eagle to investigate. After half an hour, when the eagle……………. (return), he …………….(tell) the animals that the squirrel‘s house ………………(explode) while she ……………….(bake) some cakes for her husband’s birthday. Now they ……………. (have) no home at all. All the animals …………. (feel) sorry about the Squirrel family and …………. (decide) to help them build a new house. 7) Tell the story by the pictures. The beginning and the key words are given for you. It was a sunny day.
(Helen, walk, park)
(sit down, bench, phone, friend, Mary)
(some minutes later, Mary, arrive)
(decide, walk, river bank)
(sun, shine, birds, sing, everything, calm)
(bigger boy, push the other boy, river)
(Mary, very annoyed, phone the police and the ambulance)
(boy, cry for help. Helen, jump, river)
(the ambulance, take the boy away)
(they , walk, suddenly, see, two boys. Boys, quarrel)
(pull out, the boy, water)
(Helen, get a blanket. Policeman, ask what happened)
8) Translate the following sentences into English. Amíg gitároztam, a barátom nevetett. Egész éjszaka ugattak a kutyák, ezért mérges voltam. Mihelyt megérkeztünk, azonnal lefeküdtünk aludni. A gyerekek az udvaron beszélgettek, amikor hirtelen egy gólya repült a bokorba. Mialatt hazafelé sétáltam, elkezdett esni az eső, de nem volt esernyőm, ezért megáztam. Amikor a postás csengetett, épp az új autónkat mostuk. Tegnap hat órakor éppen filmet néztünk, de hirtelen kialudt a villany, és aztán mi is elaludtunk. 8. Mialatt én magyaráztam, nem figyeltél rám, hanem a telefonoddal játszottál. 9. Mit csináltatok éppen, amikor betört az ablak? 10. Cigarettázott Joe, amikor láttad? 11. Miért ittál vizet, amikor tej is volt? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
KEY: 1) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
They were listening to music. She was crying. I was reading. Were you eating? He was writing a letter.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
We were making tea. Were they sleeping? What were you doing? Where was he going? Why was she laughing?
2) 1. What was I (/were you) writing? 2. Why was she laughing? 3. What were Mary and Bob doing?
4. 5.
Who was standing at the corner? Who was Kate waiting for?
3) 1. I was writing when the teacher came. Q: Was I (/Were you) writing when the teacher came? N: I wasn’t writing when the teacher came. 2. Jane was waiting for me when I arrived. Q: Was Jane waiting for me (/you) when I (/you) arrived? N: Jane wasn’t waiting for me when I arrived. 3. Tom burnt his hand while he was cooking. Q: Did Tom burn his hand while he was cooking? N: Tom didn’t burn his hand while he was cooking. 4. They were looking here when you saw them. Q: Were they looking here when you saw them? N: They weren’t looking here when you saw them. 5. When Don came, we were having coffee. Q: Were we (/you) having coffee when Don came? N: When Don came, we weren’t having coffee. 6. I was walking home when it started raining. Q: Was I (/Were you) walking home when it started raining? N: I wasn’t walking home when it started raining. 7. As he was having a bath, the phone rang. Q: Was he having a bath when the phone rang? / Did the phone ring as he was having a bath? N: He wasn’t having a bath whenthe phone rang. / As he was having a bath the phone didn’t ring. 8. You were listening to music when you heard the noise. Q: Were you listening to music when you heard the noise? N: You weren’t listening to music when you heard the noise. 9. Ann was having lunch while I was on the phone. Q: Was Ann having lunch while I was on the phone? N: Ann wasn’t having lunch while I was on the phone. 10. We were sitting while you were talking to us. Q: Were we sitting while you were talking to us? N: We weren’t sitting while you were talking to us. 11. You were studying while Mum was tidying up. Q: Were you studying while Mum was tidying up? N: You weren’t studying while Mum was tidying up. 4) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
I was watching TV at 5. Mary was sleeping. Bob and Linda were walking in the park all day yesterday. We weren’t wwriting our homework at 2. Were you living at a hotel last week? What were you doing at 5 yesterday? Why was Mary crying?
5) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
I was washing my hands when the telephone rang. Mary was sewing while John was mending the radio. She broke down when she heard the news. She was thinking about something else all the time you were talking to her. The children ran away when they saw the policeman. I didn’t want to meet Paul so when he entered the room, I left. While I was waiting for the taxi yesterday I saw a car crash. Tom had to go to the dentist when he was in Budapest. I was having breakfast when the postman rang the doorbell. She was doing her driving test this time yesterday. My parents were living in Los Angeles between 1975-1985. The guests were dancing happily when one of them suddenly collapsed. The dogs were barking all night so we couldn’t sleep. On my way home it started to rain so I opened my umbrella. She was exercising when a rock fell on her motorcycle. Did they go to the cinema yesterday? He was playing the guitar while I was singing. Yesterday I saw my best friend. He was riding his bike. I didn’t see you yesterday. Where were you? We were watching TV when we saw a car bumping into a tree.
6) It was a cold November evening and all the animals were sitting in their houses. The lion was reading the newspaper and the lioness was playing with the lion cubs. They were all happy to be together. The fox was alone in the den, because the vixen were paying a visit to her relatives in the Green Forrest. The rabbits were sleeping, while the wolves were playing chess. Nobody knew where the bears were or what they were doing. All of a sudden a terrible noise was heard. They hurried outside and came to the Old Tree, the place where all the animals of the Silver Forrest usually met when important matters were decided. They knew nothing about the nature of that noise and sent the eagle to investigate. After half an hour, when the eaglereturned, he told the animals that the squirrel‘s house exploded while she was baking some cakes for her husband’s birthday. Now they had no home at all. All the animals felt sorry about the Squirrel family and decided to help them build a new house. 7) It was a sunny day. Helen walked to the park. She sat down on a bench and phoned her friend, Mary. Some minutes later Mary arrived. They decided to walk on the river nbank. The sun was shining, the birds were singing and everything was calm. As they were walking, they suddenly saw two boys. The boys were quarrelling. The bigger boy pushed the other boy into the river. The boy cried for help. Helen jumped into the river and pulled out the boy from the water. Mary was very annoyed. She called the police and the ambulance. The ambulance took the boy away. Helen got a blanket. A policeman asked her what happened. 8) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
While I was playing the guitar, my friend was laughing. The dogs were barking all night so I was angry. As soon as we arrived we went to bed. The children were chatting in the courtyard when suddenly a stork flew into the bush. While I was walking home, it started to rain but I didn’t have an umbrella so I got soaked. When the postman rand we were washing our new car. We were watching a film at 6 yesterday but suddenly the lights went off and then we also went to sleep. While I was explaining, you weren’t listening to me but you were playing with your phone.. What were you doing when the window broke? Was Joe smoking when you saw him? Why did you dreink water when there was milk too?
