ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN E-LEARNING PADA SMA ST. ANTONIUS
Paulus Barata Putra Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta, Indonesia, 11480
Arti Handayani Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta, Indonesia, 11480
Windi Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta, Indonesia, 11480
Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan suatu aplikasi e-learning berbasis web yang diharapkan dapat membantu kegiatan belajar mengajar pada SMA St. Antonius Jakarta. Metode Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan pengumpulan data, analisis dan perancangan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka, studi lapangan, wawancara, survei ke SMA St. Antonius Jakarta dan menyebarkan kuisioner kepada siswa maupun guru. Hasil analisis yang didapat adalah siswa SMA St. Antonius kesulitan untuk mengetahui Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP). Simpulan yang didapat adalah aplikasi e-learning berbasis web dapat membantu siswa untuk mengetahui Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan membantu kegiatan belajar mengajar pada SMA St. Antonius Jakarta.
Kata kunci : Analisis dan Perancangan E-Learning, aplikasi e-learning, e-learning berbasis web.
1. Pendahuluan Dunia internet kian pesat berkembang saat ini. Aliran informasi pun semakin deras terasa. Masyarakat juga sudah akrab dengan kehadiran dan perkembangan internet, terutama kalangan muda. Dapat kita lihat penggunaan internet sangat banyak didapati, baik dipergunakan untuk mengakses jejaring sosial, untuk mencari informasi – informasi dengan keperluan sekolah, pekerjaan, dan lain sebagainya. Hal itu dapat menjadi indikator majunya internet di Indonesia khususnya Jakarta. Sistem belajar yang diterapkan sekolah – sekolah tergolong efektif sampai saat ini, namun untuk memajukan pendidikan bagi para siswa/siswi sangat dibutuhkan sebuah penerapan teknologi terhadap pola belajar dan gaya hidup siswa/siswi yang dapat
menunjang mereka untuk meningkatkan sisi akademis mereka. Penggunaan internet adalah salah satu hal yang dapat dijadikan cara atau alat untuk meningkatkan performa sistem pembelajaran yang ada saat ini. Untuk mewujudkan hal itu E-Learning dapat dijadikan jawaban yang cukup menjanjikan. E-Learning adalah sistem belajar yang memungkinkan siswa atau siswi belajar melalui media internet yang diakses dengan menggunakan perangkat elektronik. Sistem belajar ini juga dapat memudahkan pengajar untuk memberikan materi maupun tugas kepada anak didiknya.
2. Pedoman Umum Pembuatan E-Learning SMA St. Antonius, dilakukan dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut : 1. Mendefinisikan permasalahan yang terjadi pada SMA St. Antonius 2. Mendefinisikan solusi pemecahan masalah 3. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai setelah solusi pemecahan masalah teridentifikasi 4. Proses 5. Mendefinisikan fitur-fitur yang akan digunakan 6. Mendesign user interface 7. Mendesign database E-Learning 8. Membuat diagram STD (State Transition Diagram)
2.1.
Ruang Lingkup Untuk pembahasan sebuah topik skripsi yang lebih terarah dan terfokus maka akan
dibatasi pada hal – hal seperti berikut ini. 1.
Perancangan sistem aplikasi belajar online meliputi: a.
Forum diskusi.
2.
3.
4.
2.2.
b.
Fasilitas upload materi pelajaran untuk guru.
c.
Fasilitas download materi pelajaran untuk siswa/siswi.
Perancangan sistem administrasi bagi siswa: a.
Melihat nilai.
b.
Melihat jadwal.
c.
Melihat pelanggaran yang telah dilakukan.
Perancangan sistem administrasi bagi guru: a.
Memasukan nilai siswa.
b.
Melihat jadwal mengajar.
c.
Melihat pelanggaran siswa.
Perancangan sistem administrasi bagi administrator: a.
Menyusun jadwal pelajaran untuk siswa.
b.
Menyusun jadwal pelajaran untuk guru.
c.
Mengatur pembagian kelas siswa.
d.
Mengatur berita sekolah.
e.
Memasukan dan mengubah data siswa/siswi.
f.
Memasukan dan mengubah data guru.
g.
Memasukan data pelanggaran siswa.
Tujuan dan Manfaat Tujuan dibuatnya E-Learning pada SMA St. Antonius diantaranya yaitu : •
Merancang sistem informasi nilai, penjadwalan, dan data – data lainnya
sehingga diharapkan sistem ini akan mempermudah pengaksesan data – data tersebut.
•
Merancang E-Learning yang mampu menyajikan materi pelajaran yang dapat diakses oleh siswa dimana saja dan kapan saja.
Adapaun jika tujuan sudah tercipta, diharapkan akan menimbulkan manfaat yang diantaranya : • Meningkatnya sisi akademis siswa/siswi. • Meningkatnya efisiensi proses belajar mengajar. • Meningkatnya kesiapan diri siswa/siswi untuk melakukan pembelajaran di sekolah sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektifitas kegiatan belajar mengajar di sekolah. •
Sebagai sarana distribusi dan komunikasi informasi tentang kegiatan di dalam sekolah maupun kegiatan sekolah yang berlangsung di luar sekolah.
2.3. Permasalahan Permasalahan yang dihadapi SMA St. Antonius adalah sebagai berikut : 1. Pendistribusian jadwal yang tidak efektif fan efisien. Jadwal pelajaran ditempel di pintu-pintu kelas sehingga terkadang ada murid yang lupa mencatat ataupun sudah mencatat tetapi catatannya hilang, rusak, dan sebagainya. 2. Keterbatasan penyampaian materi. Dalam sistem yang sedang berjalan, sekolah SMA St. Antonius memulai pelajaran pada pukul 07.00 s/d 130, sehingga waktu yang dibutuhkan terbatas pada jam sekolah. 3. Kurangnya bimbingan guru di luar jam pelajaran. 4. Terbatasnya waktu dan tempat untuk melakukan konselling.
2.4
Metodologi Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah : 1.
Metode Analisis a.
Studi Pustaka Dengan metode ini, data – data dicari dan dikumpulkanmelalui buku – buku yang dapat diperoleh dari toko buku, teman, dan perpustakaan di Universitas Bina Nusantara serta browsing di internet tentang semua hal yang berhubungan dengan sistematika penelitian, penulisan laporan, landasan teori serta mengenai bahasa pemrograman dan teknologi yang kami gunakan.
b.
Studi Lapangan (Wawancara dan Observasi) Untuk memperoleh informasi yang akurat mengenai keadaan di lapangan maka dilakukan observasi langsung pada lokasi sekolah untuk mengetahui sistem yang sedang berjalan sebelumnya. Selain dari pada itu juga dilakukan wawancara untuk mengetahui kendala – kendala apa saja yang dialami serta fitur apa yang mungkin diharapkan oleh siswa dan guru untuk mendukung proses belajar mengajar.
c.
Survei Kami melakukan survei dengan cara membagikan kuisioner yang harus diisi dalam bentuk pilihan ganda untuk mengetahui kendala apa saja yang dialami dan fitur yang diharapkan oleh siswa dan guru sebagai pemakai.
2.
Metode Perancangan a.
Perancangan Use Case Diagram.
b.
Perancangan Class Diagram.
c.
Perancangan State Diagram.
d.
Perancangan Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD).
e.
Perancangan Database.
f.
Perancangan User Interface.
2.5 Analisis dan Desain Solusi 2.5.1 Diagram ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram)
Gambar ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram)
2.5.2 State Transitional Diagram Rancangan navigasi akan menunjukan bagaimana alur halaman – halaman yang ada pada web e-learning SMA Santo Antonius. Untuk menggambarkan
navigasi
website
ini
maka
TransitionDiagram (STD).
Gambar STD Home Student dan Teacher
digunakan
State
Gambar STD Change Password Student, Teacher, dan Admin
Gambar STD Message Student dan Teacher
Gambar STD Consultation Room Student
Gambar STD Schedule Student dan Teacher
Gambar STD Course Material Student dan Teacher
Gambar STD Assignment Student dan Teacher
Gambar STD Score Student
Gambar STD Profile Student dan Teacher
Gambar STD Violation Record Student dan Teacher
Gambar STD Forum Student, Teacher, dan Admin
Gambar STD Score Teacher
Gambar STD News Detail Student dan Teacher
Gambar STD Home Admin
Gambar STD Message Admin
Gambar STD Schedule Admin
Gambar STD Student Admin
Gambar STD Teacher Admin
Gambar STD Course Admin
Gambar STD Violation Admin
Gambar STD Class Member Admin
Gambar STD Quote Admin
Gambar STD News Admin
3. Simpulan Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan penelitian berupa observasi, wawancara, dan kuisioner kepada siswa dan guru yang dilakukan pada SMA Santo Antonius, maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: 1.
Aplikasi e-learning pada SMA St. Antonius dapat berguna bagi murid dan guru untuk memudahkan mereka dalam mendapatkan informasi sekolah secara efektif dan efisien. Fitur pesan pribadi dalam aplikasi e-learning SMA St. Antonius juga menambah keefektifan dan keefisienan sekolah dalam memberikan informasi kepada siswa dan guru.
2.
Aplikasi e-learning pada SMA St. Antonius memungkinkan guru untuk memberikan materi pelajaran secara online, baik materi yang telah diberikan di kelas ataupun yang akan diberikan di kelas. Siswa dapat mengunduh materi pelajaran tersebut pada aplikasi e-learning SMA St. Antonius kapan saja dan dimana saja tanpa terbatas ruang dan waktu. Sehingga dengan demikian murid dapat lebih intensif belajar di rumah dan di kelas.
3.
Aplikasi e-learning SMA St. Antonius memungkinkan guru untuk memberikan tugas secara online dari mana saja dan kapan saja. Sehingga guru tidak dibatasi oleh jam pelajaran di kelas untuk memberikan tugas.
4.
Aplikasi e-learning SMA St. Antonius memberikan kemudahan untuk murid dalam berkonsultasi dengan guru bimbingan konseling. Sehingga murid dapat berkonsultasi dengan lebih leluasa karena kerahasiaan konsultasi sangat terjamin. Dari sisi guru konseling aplikasi ini membantu mereka dalam menanggapi konsultasi murid – murid yang terkadang sangat banyak dan tidak terlayani karena batasan ruang dan waktu.
5.
Pada aplikasi e-learning SMA St. Antonius terdapat fasilitas untuk menambah, mengubah,
dan
menghapus
data,
yang
memungkinkan
admin
untuk
memperbaharui database siswa dan guru, pengumuman, materi pelajaran dan jadwal pelajaran dengan lebih cepat dan efisien dalam proses operasional. Semua fungsi tersebut digunakan untuk dapat mendukung proses belajar mengajar.
Daftar Pustaka Anonymous2, 2009, Pengertian CSS (Cascading Style Sheet), http://penchenk.blogspot.com/2009/pengertian-css-cascading-style-sheet.html Anonymous3, 2002, Pengertian HTML, http://searchwebservices.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci212286,00.html Ben, Scneiderman (2005). Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective HumanComputer Interaction.Pearson, Boston Bowen, Rich and Coar, Ken. (2000). Apache Cookbook. O’reilly, United States Cantoni, Lorenzo dan Tardini, Stefano. (2006). Internet. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, New York Clark, Ruth Colvin., Mayer, Richard E..(2002). E-Learning and the science of Instruction : Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designer of Multimedia Learning. Pfeiffer, New Jersey Collin, Simon. (1997). Setting Up a Web Server. Digital Press, Boston. Connolly, T. Begg. (2010). Database System 5th Edition. Pearson Education International, Boston. Eck, Michael. (2002). The Internet : inside and out.North America : Rosen Book Work Gourley, David, Totty, Brian. (2002). HTTP: The Definitive Guide. O’reilly Media, Inc., California Hamilton, John .(2007).Internet. ABDO Publishing Company, United States Holmes, Bryn., Gardner, John. (2006). E-Learning concept & Practice. SAGE Publications Inc., California Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, edisi ketiga. (2002). Balai Pustaka, Jakarta Laga, Timothy C. (2002). Object Oriented Software Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York
Maryono Y., Patmi Istiana B. (2008). Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 3 SMP Kelas IX. Quadra, Bandung Nailburg, Eric J., Maksimchuck, Robert A. (2001). UML for Database Design. Addison Wesley, Massacussetts O’Brien, James A. (2002). Management Information System : Managing information Technology in The Businnes Enterprise,5th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York O’Brien, James A. (2005). Pengantar Sistem Informasi. Salemba Empat, Jakarta Peranginangin, Kasiman. (2006). Aplikasi Web dengan PHP dan MySql. Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta Post, Gerald V., (2005). Database Management System 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York Pressman, Roger S..(1997). Software Engineering 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York Pressman, Roger S.. (2008). Software engineering 6th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York Shiflett, Chris.(2003). HTTP Developer’s Handbook. Indianapolis
Sommerville, Ian. (2011). Software Engineering, 9th Edition. Addison Wesley, New York Sunyoto, Andi M.Kom. (2007). AJAX Membangun Web Dengan Teknologi Asynchronouse Java Script dan XML. Yogyakarta : Penerbit Andi Swastika, Windra. (2006). PHP 5 san MySql 4, Proyek Membuat Blog. Dian Rakyat, Jakarta Turban, Efraim, Volonino, Linda. (2010). Information Technology for Management : Transforming Organizations in The Digital Economy, 7th. John Wiley & Son, San Fransisco Priestley, Mark. (2000). Practical Object-Oriented Design with UML. McGraw-Hill, United States Whittern, Jeffery L., Bentley, Lonnie D. and Kevin C. Dittman. (2004). System Analysis and
Design Method. McGraw-Hill, New York Yeager, Nancy J., McGrath Robert E.. (1996). Web Server Technology. United States : Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF E-LEARNING IN SMA ST. ANTONIUS
Paulus Barata Putra Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia, 11480
Arti Handayani Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia, 11480
Windi Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia, 11480
Abstract This study is purposed to generate an e-learning applications that are expected to assist teaching and learning activities at St. Antonius High School Jakarta. The Method of study was conducted with data collection, analysis and design. The data was collected through literature studies, field studies, interviews, survey to St. Antonius High School Jakarta and spread the questionnaire to students and teachers. Analytical results obtained are St. Antonius’s high school students feel difficult to know about Learning Implementation Plan. The conclusions obtained are the application of e-learning can help students to learn about Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) and assist teaching and learning activities at St. Antonius High School Jakarta. Keywords : Analysis and Design of e-learning, e-learning applications
1. Introduction More rapidly evolving Internet world today. Information flow was more heavily felt. Communities are also already familiar with the presence and development of the internet, especially among the young. We can see the use of internet is very much found, both used to access social networking, to search information with school purposes, employment, and so forth. It may be an indicator progress of the internet in Indonesia, especially Jakarta. Learning system is applied to schools is quite effective to date, but to improve education for students, students needed an application of technology to study patterns and lifestyle of the students which can support them to improve their academic side. Use of the Internet is one thing that can be used as means or a tool to improve the performance of learning systems that exist today. To realize that E-Learning can be a promising answer. E-Learning is a learning system that allows the student to learn through the internet medium accessed by using an electronic device. This learning system can also facilitate teachers to provide materials and tasks to their students.
2. Pedoman Umum Create E-Learning for St. Antonius Senior High School, carried by the following steps : 1. Defining the problems that occured in St. Antonius Senior High School 2. Defining the problem solving solutions 3. Goals to be achieved after troubleshooting solutions identified 4. Process 5. Defining features that will be used. 6. User interface design 7. Database Design of E-Learning 8. Creating a Diagram STD (State Transitional Diagram)
2.1 Scope For a discussion of a thesis topic in a more targeted and focused, it will be limited to the things like the following. 1. Online learning application system design include : a. Discussions forums b. Upload facility for teachers subject matter. c. Download course material to students facilities . 2. Design of administrative systems for students: a. View the score b. View Schedule c. View infringement made by students
3. Design of administrative systems for teachers: a. Enter student scores b. View the teaching schedule c. Seeing infringement of students 4. Design of administrative systems for the administrator a. To schedule a lesson for students b. Develop timetab;e for teachers c. Regulate the class of students d. Set the school news e. Entering and changing data of students f. Edit teacher profile and change data g.
Students enter data breach.
2.2 Pupose and Benefit Purpose of the E-Learning in St. Antonius Senior High School among which are : •
Designing the information system, schedulling, and other data, so hopefully this system will facilitate for entry data.
•
Designing E-Learning is able to present the subject matter accessible to students, anywhere and anytime.
If the purpose is created, it is hoped will lead to benefits that include : •
Increasing academic side of students
•
Increasing the efficiency of the learning process
•
Increasing readiness of the student to make learning in schooland improve the efficiency and effectiveness of teaching and learning in school.
•
As a means of distirbution and communication of information about activities at the school or school activities that take place outside school.
2.3 Problems Problem faced by St. Antonius Senior High School is as follows : •
The distribution schedule is ineffectice and inefficient. Schedule taped to the doors of the classroom so that students sometimes forget to record or have recorded but a note is lost, damaged, and so forth.
•
Limitations of delivery of content. In a running system, St. Antonius senior high school started lesson at 07.00 – 13.30, so the time required is limited to school hours.
•
Lack of guiandce teachers outside of school hours
•
Lack of time and place to do conselling.
2.4 Methodology The methodology used in the writing of this thesis are : 1. Method of analysis a. Library Studies With this method, the data sought and collected through the books which can be obtained from bookstores, friends, and the library at University of Bina Nusantara, and browsing the internet on all matters
relating to the systematic research, report writing, as well as the theoretical basis of language programming, and technology we use. b. Field studies (interviews and observations) To obtain accurate information about the situation on the ground it made a direct observation on the school site to find out who is running the previous system. Apart from the interviews were also conducted to determine constraints of what is experienced as well as features of what might be expected by students and teachers to support teaching and learning process. c. Survey We conducted the survey by distributing questionnaires to be filled in the form of multiple choice to find out what are the obstacles encountered and the features expected by students and teachers as a user. 2. The design method a. Designing use case diagram b. Design of class diagram c. State diagram design d. Designing Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) e. Database design f. Designing the user interface
2.5 Analysis and Design Solution 2.5.1 ERD Diagram (Entity Relationship Diagram)
Picture of ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram)
2.5.2 State Transitional Diagram The design of the navigation will show how the flow of pages that exist on the E-Learning St. Antonius Senior High School web. To illustrate the use of this website’s navigation, State Transitional will show them.
Picture of STD Home Student and Teacher
Picture of STD Change Password Student, Teacher, and Admin
Picture of STD Message Student and Teacher
Picture of STD Consultation Room Student
Picture of STD Schedule Student and Teacher
Picture of STD Course Material Student and Teacher
Picture of STD Assignment Student and Teacher
Picture of STD Score Student
Picture of STD Profile Student and Teacher
Picture of STD Violation Record Student and Teacher
Picture of STD Forum Student, Teacher, and Admin
Picture of STD Score Teacher
Picture of STD News Detail Student and Teacher
Picture of STD Home Admin
Picture of STD Message Admin
Picture of STD Schedule Admin
Picture of STD Student Admin
Picture of STD Teacher Admin
Picture of STD Course Admin
Picture of STD Violation Admin
Picture of STD Class Member Admin
Picture of STD Quote Admin
Picture of STD News Admin
3.
Conclusion Based on the analysis and research in the form of observations, interviews, and quistionnares to students and teachers who performed at St. Antonius Senior High School, it can be concluded as follows : 1. E-Learning in St. Antonius Senior High School can be useful for students and teachers to facilitate them in getting school information effectively and efficiently. Features a personal message in e-learning applications of St. Antonius Senior High School also increase the effectiveness and efficiency of schools in providing information to students and teachers. 2. E-Learning in St. Antonius Senior High School allow teachers to provide course materials online, whether the material has been given in class or to be provided in class. Students can download course materials on e-learning applications, anytime
and anywhere without the limited space and time. Thus students can be more intensive study at home and in class. 3. E-Learning in St. Antonius Senior High School allow teachers to provide online task from anywhere and anytime. So that teacher is not limited by hours of lessons in the classroom to give the task. 4. E-Learning in St. Antonius Senior High School provide facilities for students in consultation with teacher guidance counselling. So that students can consult more freely because of the confidentiality of consultations is assured. In terms of this application counselling teachers help their students in response to consultation. Students are sometimes very numerous and are not served due to limitations of space and time. 5. E-Learning in St. Antonius Senior High School there are facilities to add, modify, and delete data, which allows the admin to update the database of students and teachers, announcements, course materials, and schedule a lesson with a more rapid and efficient operational processes. All these function can be used to support teaching and learning process.
References Anonymous2, 2009, Pengertian CSS (Cascading Style Sheet), http://penchenk.blogspot.com/2009/pengertian-css-cascading-style-sheet.html Anonymous3, 2002, Pengertian HTML, http://searchwebservices.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci212286,00.html Ben, Scneiderman (2005). Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective HumanComputer Interaction.Pearson, Boston Bowen, Rich and Coar, Ken. (2000). Apache Cookbook. O’reilly, United States Cantoni, Lorenzo and Tardini, Stefano. (2006). Internet. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, New York Clark, Ruth Colvin., Mayer, Richard E..(2002). E-Learning and the science of Instruction : Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designer of Multimedia Learning. Pfeiffer, New Jersey Collin, Simon. (1997). Setting Up a Web Server. Digital Press, Boston. Connolly, T. Begg. (2010). Database System 5th Edition. Pearson Education International, Boston. Eck, Michael. (2002). The Internet : inside and out.North America : Rosen Book Work Gourley, David, Totty, Brian. (2002). HTTP: The Definitive Guide. O’reilly Media, Inc., California Hamilton, John .(2007).Internet. ABDO Publishing Company, United States Holmes, Bryn., Gardner, John. (2006). E-Learning concept & Practice. SAGE Publications Inc., California Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, edisi ketiga. (2002). Balai Pustaka, Jakarta Laga, Timothy C. (2002). Object Oriented Software Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York
Maryono Y., Patmi Istiana B. (2008). Teknologi Informasi and Komunikasi 3 SMP Kelas IX. Quadra, Bandung Nailburg, Eric J., Maksimchuck, Robert A. (2001). UML for Database Design. Addison Wesley, Massacussetts O’Brien, James A. (2002). Management Information System : Managing information Technology in The Businnes Enterprise,5th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York O’Brien, James A. (2005). Pengantar Sistem Informasi. Salemba Empat, Jakarta Peranginangin, Kasiman. (2006). Aplikasi Web dengan PHP and MySql. Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta Post, Gerald V., (2005). Database Management System 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York Pressman, Roger S..(1997). Software Engineering 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York Pressman, Roger S.. (2008). Software engineering 6th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York Shiflett, Chris.(2003). HTTP Developer’s Handbook. Indianapolis
Sommerville, Ian. (2011). Software Engineering, 9th Edition. Addison Wesley, New York Sunyoto, Andi M.Kom. (2007). AJAX Membangun Web Dengan Teknologi Asynchronouse Java Script and XML. Yogyakarta : Penerbit Andi Swastika, Windra. (2006). PHP 5 san MySql 4, Proyek Membuat Blog. Dian Rakyat, Jakarta Turban, Efraim, Volonino, Linda. (2010). Information Technology for Management : Transforming Organizations in The Digital Economy, 7th. John Wiley & Son, San Fransisco Priestley, Mark. (2000). Practical Object-Oriented Design with UML. McGraw-Hill, United States Whittern, Jeffery L., Bentley, Lonnie D. and Kevin C. Dittman. (2004). System Analysis and
Design Method. McGraw-Hill, New York Yeager, Nancy J., McGrath Robert E.. (1996). Web Server Technology. United States : Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.
