RainGain: Slim meten in de stad
Sprekers
Nut en noodzaak van nauwkeurig meten John Jacobs
Radartechnologie Herman Russchenberg
Toepassingen van de radar Johan Verlinde
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Wat is RainGain?
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Voorkomen van wateroverlast
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De Rotterdamse radar - Partners
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De Rotterdamse Radar
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RainGain Film
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11/10/14
Kivi Congres - RainGain
Steden schuilen niet wanneer het regent…
John Jacobs – strategisch adviseur Water 8
Rotterdam Waterstad
LEVEN MET WATER
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Rotterdam Waterstad
BIEDT KANSEN VOOR ROTTERDAM
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Rotterdam Waterstad
De opgave: Water komt van 4 kanten!
Grondwater
Neerslag
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Rotterdam Waterstad
Klimaatverandering
Klimaatverandering: ‘extreme’ gebeurtenissen zullen kuststeden frequenter raken
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Rotterdam Waterstad
Urgentie!
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Rotterdam Waterstad
Rotterdam kenmerken stedelijk watersysteem
Extreme regenval
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Rotterdam Waterstad
CLOUDBURST KOPENHAGEN
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Risk assessment
*projected inundation in 2100 85 cm sea level rise 1:1000 probability
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Rotterdam Waterstad
Klimaatverandering
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Rotterdam Waterstad
Veilige, leefbare stad met meerwaarde
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Rotterdam Waterstad
Rotterdamse adaptatiestrategie (RAS)
Kern van de RAS
Robuust systeem: behouden en versterken Adaptatie: benutten van de stedelijke ruimte door gebiedsgericht maatwerk Samenwerken + meekoppelen met het ‘ritme’ van de stad Focus op meerwaarde
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Rotterdam Waterstad
MEER RUIMTE VOOR WATER
ONDERGRONDSE WATERBERGING
GROENE DAKEN
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WATERPLEINEN
Rotterdam Waterstad
Verbindingen met regio
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Rotterdam Waterstad
Gebiedsgericht
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Rotterdam Waterstad
Betrokkenheid van bewoners en belanghebbenden
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Rotterdam Waterstad
Ook internationaal
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Rotterdam Waterstad
Waterstad…
…met meerwaarde! 27
Rotterdam Waterstad
Rainfall observation strategies in The Netherlands Herman Russchenberg, Ricardo Reinoso Rondinel, Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis
Challenge the future
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Our Earth is slowly warming
The world population is moving into the cities
and gets prone to … severe weather
and gets prone to … congestion
and gets prone to … heat
and gets prone to … pollution
‘Gets prone’ … does not have to mean ‘will experience’
The challenge is … to make cities a nice place to live … for 60 % of the world population
… summer, spring, autumn and winter
What to expect in The Netherlands?
Source: KNMI
Rainfall in a changing climate Higher temperature > more water vapour More rainfall and severe weather Observations during the 20th century: an increase of 20 % Predictions for the 21st century: more extreme rainfall in the summer more rainfall in the winter
Extreme rainfall in a metropolis Larger vulnerability modern society Accurate information needed
Better understanding rainfall formation Detailed observations of what’s going on in the clouds needed Integrated model-observation warning systems
A wet start of January 2012
Local flooding High sea level Casualties Leaking dams and dikes
Challenge the future
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Case study: January 3, 2012 12:00 UTC
L
H Front parallel to coastline Challenge the future
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Case study: January 3, 2012
Challenge the future
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ASCAT wind scatterometer observations
Challenge the future
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Pressure variations: meteotsunami Sea level variations
Data: Rijkswaterstaat
Passage of front Challenge the future
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Composite KNMI C-band Radar 17:30 14:30 12:30 13:30 UTC 16:30 15:30
Radar position
Challenge the future
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Composite KNMI C-band Radar 14:30 UTC
Radar position
Challenge the future
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Cesar Observatory Groeten uit Cabauw
Delft University of Technology, KNMI, Wageningen University and Research Utrecht University, RIVM, ECN, TNO , European Space Agency
Challenge the future
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IDRA – TU Delft IRCTR Drizzle radar Specifications
CESAR – Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research
A T M O S
• • •
• • • • •
9.475 GHz central frequency FMCW with sawtooth modulation transmitting alternately horizontal and vertical polarisation, receiving simultaneously the coand the cross-polarised component 20 W transmission power 102.4 µs – 3276.8 µs sweep time 2.5 MHz – 50 MHz Tx bandwidth 60 m – 3 m range resolution 1.8° antenna half-power beamwidth
Reference J. Figueras i Ventura: “Design of a High Resolution X-band Doppler Polarimetric Weather Radar”, PhD Thesis, TU Delft, 2009. (online available at http://repository.tudelft.nl)
IDRA is mounted on top of the 213 m high meteorological tower.
Delft University of Technology
Near real-time display: http://ftp.tudelft.nl/TUDelft/irctr-rse/idra Processed and raw data available at: http://data.3tu.nl/repository/collection:cabauw
TU Delft Climate Institute Remote Sensing of the Environment
Surface measurements at CESAR 10 minutes averages
Temperature
Specific Humidity
Pressure
Relative Humidity
Wind speed
Short Wave Downward Radiation (Wm-2)
Wind direction
Rainfall Rate
Courtesy KNMI
Challenge the future
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IDRA (X-band) & TARA (S-band)
Courtesy of Tobias Otto, Yann Dufournet, Christine Unal Challenge the future
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Supercell model Schematic Diagram Storm Motion
V-notch
B
Rear flank downdraft
Hook Echo
Front flank downdraft
UD Inflow (warm moist air)
A Bounded weak echo
Updraft and Downdraft Coupled
BWER A
Challenge the future
B
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Rainfall Accumulation C-BAND
NWP HARMONIE
X-BAND
15 km
Over 3 hr and 40 min
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Rainfall Accumulation C-BAND
NWP HARMONIE
X-BAND
15 km
PDF
C-BAND
NWP HARMONIE
X-BAND 53 Rainfall accumulation (mm)
High resolution rain observations DR= 30 m
DR= 1 km
File name: R2008-4-15/7-30-0Par Number of blocks: 143 Central Frequency: 9.475000 GHz Frequency Sweep: 5.000000 MHz Sweep time: 409.600006 us Transmitted power: 20.000000 W Polarization: Polarimetric
Derived rainfall; impact of resolution 10 GHz; 30 m
5 GHz; 1000 m
Rainfall: variability in 1 km
Spatial variability in 1 km^2
30 m
Variability: cumulative rainfall 30 m, location 1
30 m, location 2
1000 m, total
A T M O S
Rx vs Rc in one lo-res cell; time lapse
Delft University of Technology
TU Delft Climate Institute Remote Sensing of the Environment
A T M O S
Rx vs Rc in one lo-res cell; time lapse
Delft University of Technology
TU Delft Climate Institute Remote Sensing of the Environment
The future
Composite networks: - Small range radars - Large scale radars - Satellites - Forecast models
RainGain
High resolution radar rainfall estimates for urban hydrological modelling
Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis Herman Russchenberg TU Delft
Will rainfall radar work in urban area with high rise? What spatial and time resolutions do we need ? Interaction between rainfall and runoff processes ? High resolution data on flood occurrence ? Forecast of heavy rainfall ? Use of social media in collection of rainfall and flood data ?
Toepassingen van de Regenradar
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11/10/14
RainGain Project Meeting Exeter
Weten wat er gaat vallen - Slim sturen
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Weten wat er gaat gevallen - Inzet bergingen
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Weten wat er gaat gevallen - Inzet bergingen
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Weten wat er gaat vallen - Strooien
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Weten wat er gaat vallen - Strooien
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Weten wat er gevallen is - Analyse
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Weten wat er gevallen is - Locatie keuze
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Weten wat er gevallen is - Asset management
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Weten wat er gevallen is - Klachtenafhandeling
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RainGain: Slim meten in de stad
