LAPORAN HIBAH PENELITIAN STRATEGIS NASIONAL Tahun Anggaran 2009
REKAYASA TERUMBU KARANG BUATAN (ARTIFICIAL REEF) DALAM UPAYA PEMULIHAN EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI WILAYAH SENDANG BIRU MALANG SELATAN
Ir. Guntur, MS Ir. Sukandar, MP Ir. Darmawan Okto, MS Fuad, SPi, MT
Dibiayai oleh Direktorat Jeneral Pendidikan Tinggi, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, melalui DIPA Universitas Brawijaya No.0174.0/023-04.2/XV/2009 tanggal 31 Desember 2009 dan berdasarkan SK Rektor No : 160/SK/2009, tanggal 7 Mei 2009
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA NOPEMBER 2009
RINGKASAN Terumbu karang memiliki berbagai peranan yang sangat penting dalam lingkungan pesisir, baik ditinjau dari segi biologi dan ekologi. Usaha pemulihan dan penyelamatan harus terus dilakukan melalui pembuatan terumbu karang buatan (artificial reef). Tujuan pembuatan terumbu karang buatan adalah untuk mendapatkan paket teknologi yang bisa diterapkan untuk memulihkan kondisi karang yang telah rusak. Selain itu terumbu buatan dapat memberikan manfaat sebagai penyedia area pemijahan (spawning ground) dan asuhan ikan (nursery ground), mengurangi tekanan penangkapan ikan pada habitat terumbu alami dan areal bagi pariwisata dan rekreasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menemukan suatu paket teknologi rekayasa habitat terumbu karang buatan (artifical reef) dengan tahapan sebagai berikut : (1). memilih bahan batu kapur (limestone) yang mengandung silikat dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. (2). analisis komposisi kimia di laboratorium kimia. (3) merekayasa bentuk terumbu karang buatan (artificial reef). (4). identifikasi dan observasi lokasi penelitian. (5). percobaan terumbu karang buatan. (6). pengamatan terumbu karang buatan (artificial reef) pada setiap stasiun. (7). tabulasi dan analisis data. (8). pelaporan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terumbu karang buatan dapat ditumbuhi oleh karang terutama karang lunak (soft coral) dan Karang Keras (hard coral). Terumbu buatan mampu menarik ikan untuk tinggal disekitar terumbu buatan, hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya ikan yang bermain disekitar terumbu karang buatan. Jenis karang yang tumbuh adalah jenis gorgonian, sponge, dan acrophora, sedangkan jenis ikan yang ditemui adalah ikan Butterfly fish, Parrot fish, Haemulldae dan Barramundi cod. Terumbu karang buatan paling baik adalah berbentuk reef ball (stupa) karena secara teknis reef ball mampu membelokkan arus dan Reef ball juga paling banyak ditumbuhi karang. Kondisi lingkurangan perairan cukup baik dengan parameter salinitas sekitar 29,8 ‰ - 33 ‰, suhu sekitar 29° - 30°C, DO sekitar 5,16 mg/l - 13,3 mg/l, kecerahan sekitar 3,775 meter – 4,6 meter dan kecepatan arus sekitar 0,65 m/s - 0,98 m/s.
SUMMARY Coral reef has important role in coastal environment, biologically and ecologically. Restoration and conservation effort should be carried out continuously through artificial reef making. Objective of the artificial reef making was to apply technological package in order to recover damaged natural reefs. Also, artificial reef will serve as spawning and nursery ground, reduce fishing effort in natural reef habitat, and as tourism site. This study attempted to discover a package of applied technology in artificial reef habitat with following steps: (1) selection of limestone containing silicate with different concentrations, (2) laboratory analysis of chemical compound, (3) modification of the artificial reef shape, (4) identification and observation of appropriate locations for artificial reef site, (5) artificial reef experiment, (6) coral reef monitoring at each site, (7) data collection and analysis, (8) report. This study showed that the artificial reef was successfully inhabited by corals, particularly soft coral and hard coral. The artificial reef attracted fishes to live around
them, it can be observed from fish school surrounding the artificial reef. Growing corals identified are gorgonian, sponge and acropora. While fish species identified are Butterfly fish, Parrot fish, Haemulldae and Barramundi cod. Best shape of the artificial reef was ”ball” or ”stupa” shape. Technically, reef ball is capable to turn the sea current and inhabited by more corals. Water quality in artificial reef sites can be categorized as good with salinity ranged from 29,8 ‰ - 33 ‰, temperature ranged from 29° to 30°C, DO ranged from 5,16 mg/l to 13,3 mg/l, turbidity ranged from 3,775 to 4,6 meters, and current speed ranged from 0,65 m/s - 0,98 m/s. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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