PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXVI, Semester Ganjil , Tahun 2014/2015
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM “BANGUNAN MULTI FUNGSI UNIKA SOEGIJAPRANATA”
Tema Desain “EFEK HAIKU DAN JUXTAPOSITION” Fokus Kajian KENYAMANAN THERMAL ALAMI Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur Disusun oleh: ANDRE WIJANARKO
10.11.0029
Dosen pembimbing : Ir. Albertus Sidharta M ,MT,IAI
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA Oktober 2014
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXVI Semester Gasal Tahun 2014 / 2015 Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang
JUDUL
: Bangunan Mutifungsi Unika Soegijapranata
TEMA DESAIN
: Efek “Haiku”dan “Juxtaposition”
FOKUS KAJIAN
: Kenyamanan Thermal Alami
PENYUSUN
: Andre Wijanarko
PEMBIMBING
: Ir. Albertus Sidharta M, MT.IAI
PENGUJI
: Dr.Ir. Krisprantono. MT : Ir. Supriyono , MT.
NIM : 10.11.0029
: Ir. Antonius Ardiyanto, MT.
Semarang, 16 Oktober 2014 Mengetahui dan mengesahkan Dekan
Ketua
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani. MT
Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT.
NIDN. 611086201
NIDN. 625116302
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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXVI Semester Gasal Tahun 2014 / 2015 Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang
JUDUL
: Bangunan Mutifungsi Unika Soegijapranata
TEMA DESAIN
: Efek “Haiku”dan “Juxtaposition”
FOKUS KAJIAN
: Kenyamanan Thermal Alami
PENYUSUN
: Andre Wijanarko
PEMBIMBING
: Ir. Albertus Sidharta M, MT.IAI
PENGUJI
: Dr.Ir. Krisprantono. MT : Ir. Supriyono , MT.
NIM : 10.11.0029
: Ir. Antonius Ardiyanto, MT.
Semarang, 16 Oktober 2014 Pembimbing,
Ir. Albertus Sidharta M, MT.IAI NIDN. 612065701
Penguji,
Penguji,
Dr.Ir. Krisprantono. MT
Ir. Supriyono , MT.
ir. Antonius Ardiyanto,MT.
NIDN. 616085701
NIDN. 615025701
NIDN. 629056301
Penguji,
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PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN
Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini : Nama
: Andre Wijanarko
NIM
: 10.11.0029
Jurusan/Program Studi : Arsitektur Fakultas/Program
: Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Unika Soegijapranata
Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa Projek Akhir Arsitektur tahap Landasan Teori Program dengan Judul : Bangunan Multi Fungsi Unika Soegijapranata ini benar-benar merupakan hasil karya saya sendiri, bebas dari peniruan terhadap karya dari orang lain. Kutipan pendapat dan tulisan orang lain ditunjuk sesuai dengan cara-cara penulisan karya ilmiah yang berlaku. Apabila di kemudian hari terbukti atau dapat dibuktikan bahwa dalam Projek Akhir Arsitektur Tahap Landasan Teori Program ini terkandung ciri-ciri plagiat dan bentuk-bentuk peniruan lain yang dianggap melanggar peraturan, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut.
Semarang, 15 Oktober 2014 Yang Membuat Pernyataan,
( Andre Wijanarko ) 10.11.0029
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KATA PENGANTAR Terimakasih dan puji syukur kepada Tuhan yang Maha Esa, karena hanya dengan berkat dan Anugerah-Nya LTP ini dapat diselesaikan.
Pada kesempatan ini
ingin disampaikan terima kasih kepada semua pihak
yang telah membantu proses Tugas Akhir,khususnya kepada, •
Ir. Albertus Sidharta Muljadinata,MT.IAI yang telah menjadi Pembimbing dan memberikan arahan selama mengikuti Proyek Akhir Arsitektur
•
Ir.Jimmy Purba yang telah mengajari selama persiapan Proyek Akhir Arsitektur
•
Ir.Baskoro Tedjo,MSEB,Phd yang memberi banyak masukan serta materi selama persiapan proyek akhir
Juga menyampaikan terima kasih kepada •
Papa Mama yang selalu memberikan dukungan,semangat, dan doa tiada henti.
•
Ir.Stefanus Hadi Nugoho yang telah membantu selama proses perjalanan penyusunan Proyek akhir Arsitektur.
•
Teman – teman HEPTA,BTA dan Akanoma serta semuanya yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu persatu.
•
Teman-teman mahasiswa Arsitektur yang bersedia berdiskusi dan memberi dorongan demi terselesaikannya Tugas Akhir ini
Semoga Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang mengijinkan perancangan ini selesai, berkenan membalas semua budi baik semua pihak yang telah mendukung Tugas Akhir. Semoga dapat bermanfaat sebagai bahan pembelejaran bagi setiap pembaca. Semarang, 18 September 2014
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DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ ii PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN .............................................................................. iv KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... v DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ x DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. xv DAFTAR SKEMA ........................................................................................... xvii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... xviii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1 1.1.
Latar belakang projek ...................................................................... 1
1.2.
Tujuan dan sasaran pembahasan .................................................. 6
1.2.1.
Tujuan ......................................................................................... 6
1.2.2.
Sasaran ....................................................................................... 7
1.3.
Lingkup pembahasan ...................................................................... 7
1.4.
Metoda pembahasan ....................................................................... 9
1.4.1.
Metoda Pengumpulan Data......................................................... 9
1.4.2.
Metoda Analisis dan Pemrograman .......................................... 10
1.4.3.
Metoda perancangan Arsitektur ................................................ 10
1.5.
Sistematika pembahasan .............................................................. 10
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BAB II TINJAUAN PROYEK .......................................................................... 12 2.1.
Tinjauan Umum .............................................................................. 13
2.1.1.
Gambaran Umum ...................................................................... 13
2.1.1.1.
Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend ............................. 15
2.1.1.2.
Sasaran yang akan dicapai .................................................... 17
2.2.
Tinjauan Khusus ............................................................................ 18
2.2.2.
Kegiatan (pelaku, fasilitas, peralatan/prasarana) ...................... 21
2.2.3.
Spesifikasi dan persyaratan desain: .......................................... 29
2.2.4.
Deskripsi konteks kota .............................................................. 30
2.2.5.
Studi banding/komparasi kasus projek sejenis.......................... 32
2.2.6.
Permasalahan desain (arsitektur-bangunan-lingkungan) .......... 39
2.3.
Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ........................................... 39
BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ....................... 41 3.1.
Analisa pendekatan Arsitektur. .................................................... 41
3.1.1. 3.1.2.
Studi Aktivitas............................................................................ 41 Perhitungan student body , dosen dan staff rumah tangga Kenaikan mahasiswa sejak tahun 2010...................................... 49
3.1.3.
Perhitungan jumlah staff rektorat .............................................. 53
3.1.4.
Perhitungan bisnis center .......................................................... 54
3.1.5.
Studi Fasilitas ............................................................................ 55
3.2.
Analisa pendekatan Kawasan..................................................... 110
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3.2.1.
Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ................................................... 110
3.2.2.
Analisa Konteks Kota .............................................................. 117
3.2.3.
Analisa Skenario Kawasan...................................................... 118
3.3.
Analisa pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ...................................... 122
3.3.1.
Studi Struktur bangunan.......................................................... 122
BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............................................................... 135 4.1.
Program Kawasan ....................................................................... 135
4.1.1.
Konsep Program dan Tema Kawasan .................................... 135
4.1.2.
Tujuan perancangan ............................................................... 137
4.1.3.
Skenario program kawasan keseluruhan ................................ 141
4.1.4.
Program besaran luas kawasan .............................................. 142
4.1.5.
Program prasarana & sarana kawasan ................................... 142
4.2.
Program Masing-masing Fungsi ............................................... 143
Urban Living Room ................................................................................ 144 4.3.
Program sistem struktur ............................................................. 147
BAB V KAJIAN TEORI .................................................................................. 162 5.1.
Kajian teori Tema Desain (Penekanan Desain) “Haiku” dan “Juxtapotition” ............................................................................. 162
5.1.1.
Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Tema Desain ................................. 162
5.1.2.
Studi preseden ....................................................................... 168
5.1.3.
Kemungkinan Implementasi .................................................... 171
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5.2.
Kajian teori permasalahan dominan .......................................... 171
5.2.1.
Elaborasi interpretasi Fokus Kajian ......................................... 172
5.2.2.
Studi Preseden National Libary, Singapore Ken Yeang .......... 175
5.2.3.
kemungkinan implementasi ..................................................... 176
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 177 LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................ 179
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1 logo universitas ............................................................................ 14 Gambar 2 Gedung Kampus UMN .................................................................. 32 Gambar 3 gedung baru UMN ......................................................................... 34 Gambar 4 bisnis center dan ruang kuliah UMN ........................................... 35 Gambar 5 gedung Kampus UNTAR “Learning Gateaway” ......................... 35 Gambar 6 Gedung Kampus UNM .................................................................. 36 Gambar 7 sekuen UNM .................................................................................. 38 Gambar 8 ilustrasi Pendekatan Arsitektur ................................................... 41 Gambar 9 analisis Ruang kuliah ................................................................... 73 Gambar 10 difable Area ................................................................................. 74 Gambar 11 analisis kelas .............................................................................. 74 Gambar 12 analisis besaran ruang ............................................................... 75 Gambar 13 difable Area ................................................................................. 75 Gambar 14 analisis meja dosen .................................................................... 76 Gambar 15 analisis kelas Amphitheater ...................................................... 76 Gambar 16 analisis Studio ............................................................................ 78 Gambar 17 analisis besaran ruang Studio PAA .......................................... 79 Gambar 18 analisa besaran ruang studio PAA............................................ 80 Gambar 19 analisa besaran ruang lab fisbang ............................................ 82 Gambar 20 analisa besaran lab perkotaan .................................................. 83 Gambar 21 analisa besaran lab bahan bangunan ....................................... 83 Gambar 22 analisa besaran lab fotografi ..................................................... 84 Gambar 23 pola kegiatan staff ...................................................................... 84
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Gambar 24 analisis laboratorium fil ............................................................. 85 Gambar 25 analisis besaran KSPEN& KSPBN ............................................ 86 Gambar 26 Ruang dosen FAD....................................................................... 87 Gambar 27 analisis besaran ruang kaprogdi .............................................. 88 Gambar 28 analisis besaran ruang dekan ................................................... 88 Gambar 29 analisis besaran ruang wakil dekan .......................................... 89 Gambar 30 ruang tata usaha ......................................................................... 90 Gambar 31 analisa besaran ruang pengumpulan tugas ............................. 90 Gambar 32 analisa besaran ruang rapat ...................................................... 91 Gambar 33 analisa besaran ruang baca ....................................................... 91 Gambar 34 analisa besaran ruang bimbingan thesis ................................. 92 Gambar 35 analisa besaran ruang rektorat.................................................. 94 Gambar 36 analisa besaran ruang staff WR 3 ............................................. 94 Gambar 37 analisa besaran ruang staff WR 3 ............................................. 95 Gambar 38 analisa besaran ruang rektor ..................................................... 95 Gambar 39 analisa ruang wakil rektor .......................................................... 96 Gambar 40 analisa besaran ruang international office ............................... 97 Gambar 41 analisa besaran ruang mini market ........................................... 97 Gambar 42 analisa besaran ruang LBH ....................................................... 98 Gambar 43 analisa besaran BKD&LMB ........................................................ 99 Gambar 44 analisa besaran ruang printing................................................ 100 Gambar 45 analisa besaran workshop komputer ...................................... 101 Gambar 46 analisa besaran dapur .............................................................. 101 Gambar 47 analisa besaran ruang LPPM ................................................... 103
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Gambar 48 analisa besaran ruang toilet pria ............................................. 104 Gambar 49 toilet wanita ............................................................................... 104 Gambar 50 analisa besaran ruang difable ................................................. 105 Gambar 51 analisa besaran ruang janitor .................................................. 105 Gambar 52 preseden perpus ui................................................................... 107 Gambar 53 foto udara site ........................................................................... 110 Gambar 54 3d kawasan ............................................................................... 113 Gambar 55 regulasi ...................................................................................... 113 Gambar 56 ilustrasi kebisingan .................................................................. 114 Gambar 57 ilustrasi iklim ............................................................................. 114 Gambar 58 iklim setempat ........................................................................... 114 Gambar 59 diagram letak pohon................................................................. 115 Gambar 60 kondisi topografi....................................................................... 116 Gambar 61 analisa figure Ground............................................................... 117 Gambar 62 konsep pengembangan modul kawasan ................................ 118 Gambar 63 alternatif konektivitas bangunan ............................................. 119 Gambar 64 gambar arsitektural Marina bay Sands ................................... 120 Gambar 65 terowongan underpass London .............................................. 121 Gambar 66 struktur mini pile....................................................................... 123 Gambar 67 struktur pondasi bored pile ..................................................... 123 Gambar 68 struktur pondasi basement ...................................................... 124 Gambar 69 struktur core and rigid frame ................................................... 125 Gambar 70 struktur plat lantai wafle .......................................................... 126 Gambar 71 struktur plat lantai wafle .......................................................... 126
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Gambar 72 struktur atap deck bertanaman ............................................... 128 Gambar 73 struktur atap baja konvensional .............................................. 128 Gambar 74 struktur atap space frame ........................................................ 129 Gambar 75 partisi GRC ................................................................................ 129 Gambar 76 partisi beton ringan .................................................................. 130 Gambar 77 curtain ACP ............................................................................... 130 Gambar 78 transportasi vertical lift ............................................................ 132 Gambar 79 AC multi Split ............................................................................ 133 Gambar 80 ac split ....................................................................................... 134 Gambar 81 ilustrasi struktur ....................................................................... 147 Gambar 82 struktur pondasi ....................................................................... 149 Gambar 83 struktur plat lantai wafle .......................................................... 150 Gambar 84 struktur atap .............................................................................. 150 Gambar 85 struktur jembatan sebagai restoran (solo) ............................. 151 Gambar 86 struktur underpass ................................................................... 152 Gambar 87 sistem distribusi air .................................................................. 153 Gambar 88 pemilihan penerangan buatan ................................................. 154 Gambar 89 sistem pemadam kebakaran .................................................... 155 Gambar 90 sprrinkle .................................................................................... 155 Gambar 91 hydrant ...................................................................................... 156 Gambar 92 APAR ......................................................................................... 156 Gambar 93 smoke detector ......................................................................... 156 Gambar 94 heat detector ............................................................................. 157 Gambar 95 penangkal petir ......................................................................... 158
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Gambar 96 cctv dan metal detector wand.................................................. 159 Gambar 97 AC multi split ............................................................................ 159 Gambar 98 eksisting site dan panorama ................................................... 160 Gambar 99perkerasan dan bahan penutup tanah ..................................... 161 Gambar 100 haiku matsuo basho & tadao ando ....................................... 162 Gambar 101 ilustrasi haiku.......................................................................... 163 Gambar 102 ilustrasi juxtaposisi ................................................................ 165 Gambar 103 clark art institute ..................................................................... 168 Gambar 104 sequence arsitektural clark art institute ............................... 169 Gambar 105 konteks juxtaposisi ................................................................ 170 Gambar 107 sequence bird eye view kawasan .......................................... 170 Gambar 108 bentukan exterior.................................................................... 171 Gambar 109 diagram aktivitas .................................................................... 172 Gambar 110 diagram psikometric ............................................................... 172 Gambar 111 temperatur efektif ................................................................... 173 Gambar 112 hall national library singapore ............................................... 175 Gambar 113 sunshading national library singapore ................................. 175
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1 penerimaan mahasiswa FAD baru setiap tahun ............................ 20 Tabel 2 fasilitas binsis center ....................................................................... 25 Tabel 3 Fasilitas Perkuliahan ........................................................................ 26 Tabel 4 Office dan Rektorat ........................................................................... 26 Tabel 5 Fasilitas Outdoor .............................................................................. 27 Tabel 6 fasilitas Green Outdoor .................................................................... 27 Tabel 7 fasilitas Penunjang ........................................................................... 28 Tabel 8 Studi Komparasi ............................................................................... 38 Tabel 9 fasilitas Perkuliahan FAD ................................................................. 43 Tabel 10 fasilitas pengelola FAD .................................................................. 43 Tabel 11 fasilitas Pendukung FAD ................................................................ 44 Tabel 12 fasilitas Office dan Rektorat .......................................................... 44 Tabel 13 fasilitas bisnis dan research center .............................................. 44 Tabel 14 fasilitas service ............................................................................... 45 Tabel 15 fasilitas Sirkulasi............................................................................. 45 Tabel 16 fasilitas Pelengkap.......................................................................... 45 Tabel 17 perhitungan mahasiswa baru dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun ......... 49 Tabel 18 Slot Kuliah DKV ganjil .................................................................... 56 Tabel 19 perhitungan Slot DKV ganjil .......................................................... 57 Tabel 20 slot DKV Genap ............................................................................... 58 Tabel 21 perhitungan Slot DKV genap ......................................................... 58 Tabel 22 slot kuliah Arsitektur Ganjil ........................................................... 61 Tabel 23 Perhitungan Slot Arsitektur ........................................................... 61
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Tabel 24 Slot kuliah Arsitektur Genap .......................................................... 63 Tabel 25 pola kegiatan staff .......................................................................... 64 Tabel 26 slot kuliah desain interior ganjil .................................................... 65 Tabel 27 perhitungan Slot desain Interior Ganjil ......................................... 66 Tabel 28 slot perkuliahan desain Interior Genap ......................................... 68 Tabel 29 perhitungan Slot desain Interior Genap ........................................ 68 Tabel 30 Slot perkuliahan Arsitetur S2 ......................................................... 70 Tabel 31 slot perhitungan arsitektur S2 ....................................................... 70 Tabel 32 kebutuhan Slot kelas 2 jam ............................................................ 71 Tabel 33 kebutuhan Slot kelas 3 jam ............................................................ 71 Tabel 34 kebutuhan Slot kelas Studio .......................................................... 71 Tabel 35 rekap besaran ruang kelas dan Studio ......................................... 81 Tabel 36 analisa preseden fungsi utilitas................................................... 108 Tabel 37 rekap luas seluruh bangunan ...................................................... 108 Tabel 38 alternatif Struktur pondasi ........................................................... 125 Tabel 39 alternatif Struktur bangunan dan sistem .................................... 126 Tabel 40 alternatif struktur Lantai ............................................................... 127 Tabel 41 alternatif Struktur Atap ................................................................. 129 Tabel 42 alternatif material dinding ............................................................ 131 Tabel 43 alternatif transportasi vertical ..................................................... 132 Tabel 44 alternatif sistem pengamanan kebakaran ................................... 133 Tabel 45 alternatif sistem AC ...................................................................... 134 Tabel 46 program ruang keseluruhan ........................................................ 145 Tabel 47pemilihan struktur.......................................................................... 147
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Tabel 48 struktur plat lantai wafle ............................................................... 157 Tabel 49 temperatur efektif.......................................................................... 173 Tabel 50 tabel PMV....................................................................................... 174
DAFTAR SKEMA skema 1 ilustrasi Future Campus ................................................................... 3 skema 2 Skema pembahasan........................................................................ 12 skema 3 jumlah mahasiswa unika sampai 2013 .......................................... 22 skema 4 penerimaan mahasiswa FAD baru setiap tahun ........................... 22 skema 5 pola Kegiatan Mahasiswa ............................................................... 46 skema 6 pola kegiatan Dosen ....................................................................... 46 skema 7 pola kegiatan Rektorat.................................................................... 47 skema 8 pola kegiatan staff........................................................................... 47 skema 9 pola kegiatan staff........................................................................... 48 skema 10 pola kegiatan staff......................................................................... 48 skema 11 pola kegiatan staff......................................................................... 49 skema 12 pemilihan Struktur ...................................................................... 122 skema 13 konsep pengembangan bangunan ............................................ 135 skema 14 kegiatan pelaku ........................................................................... 139 skema 15 hubungan antar ruang ................................................................ 146 skema 16 sistem pengolahan air kotor ...................................................... 153 skema 17 sistem pengolahan sampah ....................................................... 154 skema 18 ilustrasi peleburan teori juxtaposisi dan haiku ........................ 166 skema 19 teori juxtaposisi........................................................................... 167
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
lampiran 1 parkir mobil ................................................................................ 179 lampiran 2 dimensi besaran ruang ............................................................. 180 lampiran 3 kawasan pendekatan dan lepas landas ................................... 181 lampiran 4 kawasan dibawah permukiman horizontal dalam .................. 182 lampiran 5 kawasan dibawah permukaan kerucut .................................... 183 lampiran 6 national library singapore ........................................................ 184
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