KARYA TULIS AKHIR
UJI EFEKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA EKSTRAK ETHANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum sanctum) TERHADAP MALATHION 0,28% PADA KNOCKDOWN TIME PADA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti DEWASA
Oleh : Demas Dwi Janitra 201010330311006
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2015
KATA PENGANTAR Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatu Segala puji bagi Allah SWT atas segala rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, shalawat serta salam terlimpahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW, keluarga dan para sahabatNya. Syukur Alhamdulillah, penulis telah berhasil menyelesaikan karya tulis akhir yang berjudul “UJI EFEKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA EKSTRAK ETHANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum sanctum) TERHADAP MALATHION 0,28% PADA KNOCKDOWN TIME PADA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti DEWASA”. Dalam penyelesaian karya tulis akhir ini penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada : 1.
dr. Irma Suswati, M.Kes selaku Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
2.
dr.
Muhammad
Luthfi
Al
Manfaluthi,
DTM&H.,MCTM
selaku
pembimbing I atas waktu, bimbingan, dukungan, saran, dan masukan sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan karya tulis ini. 3.
dr. Nur Kaputrin pembimbing II atas kesabaran dan ketelitiannya dalam membimbing dan mengoreksi demi kesempurnaan karya tulis ini.
4.
dr. Muhammad Fadhol Romdhoni, M.Si selaku penguji yang telah memberi tambahan ilmu dan atas kesediaan waktunya untuk menguji dengan penuh kesabaran, pengertian, kritik dan saran yang sangat bermanfaat bagi penulis demi kesempurnaan karya tulis ini.
5.
dr. Pertiwi Febriana Chandrawati, M.Sc, Sp.A selaku dosen wali yang telah memberikan bimbingan selama penulis menempuh pendidikan di Fakultas Kedokteran.
6.
Kepala laboratorium biomedik UMM serta Pak Joko yang telah membantu dalam penelitian.
7.
Bapak Harry S, Ibu Heru H, Emak, kakak Dian P.N, kakak Dea, kakak Ayub, keponakan dedek Gwen, om Aab, om Khamim dan tante Umu serta keluarga cerme yang telah mendoakan dan memberi semangat tiada henti pada penulis.
8.
Para pendukung terbaik Sucria Okataviani, Aulia Noor Rachmawati, Betty Rahma, Galuh Supriadi, Takbi Rizki Prayogi, Dewi Ni’ma L Q, Devi, Najmi, Nindya Puspita Sari, Brengos, Emba, Ucil, Kukuh, Oyek, Rodi, Galang, Nada dan semua teman-teman FK UMM angkatan 2010.
9.
Keluarga Jetak, keluarga kancil, kang Ipul, kang Arief, Songot, Temon, Nano serta teman teman yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu yang selalu membantu memberikan dukungan. Karya tulis akhir ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan, dengan kerendahan
hati penulis memohon maaf yang sebesar-besarnya dan mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun. Semoga karya tulis akhir ini dapat menambah wawasan dan bermanfaat bagi semua pihak. Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatu Malang, 16 Oktober 2014
Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL......................................................................................... i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. ii LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ................................................................................. iii KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... iv ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................. viii DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xi DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xii DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................. xiii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1
Latar Belakang................................................................................. 1
1.2
Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 3
1.3
Tujuan penelitian ............................................................................. 3
1.4
1.3.1
Tujuan Umum ...................................................................... 3
1.3.2
Tujuan Khusus ..................................................................... 3
Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 3
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1
Aedes aegypti ................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Taksonomi ....................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Ciri ciri Nyamuk ............................................................. 5 2.1.3 Siklus Hidup Nyamuk ..................................................... 6 2.1.4 Pengendalian ................................................................... 8
2.2
Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) ........................................................... 10 2.2.1 Taksonomi ....................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Deskripsi Tanaman ......................................................... 11 2.2.3 Komponen Kemangi ....................................................... 12 2.2.4 Senyawa Aktif ................................................................. 12
2.3
Uji Insektisida .................................................................................. 13
2.4
Knockdown ...................................................................................... 14
BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS 3.1
Kerangka Konsep ............................................................................ 17
3.2
Hipotesis .......................................................................................... 18
BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN 4.1
Rancangan Penelitian ...................................................................... 19
4.2
Populasi dan Sampel........................................................................ 19 4.2.1 Populasi ........................................................................... 19 4.2.2 Sampel ............................................................................. 19 4.2.3 Replikasi.......................................................................... 19
4.3
Waktu dan Tempat........................................................................... 21
4.4
Variabel Penelitian .......................................................................... 21 4.4.1 Variabel Bebas ........................................................................ 21 4.4.2 Variabel Tergantung ............................................................... 21
4.5
Definisi Operasional ........................................................................ 21
4.6
Alat dan Bahan ............................................................................... 22 4.6.1 Alat Penelitian ........................................................................ 22 4.6.2 Bahan Penelitian ..................................................................... 23
4.7
Prosedur Penelitian .......................................................................... 24 4.7.1 Ekstraksi dan Evaporasi.......................................................... 24 4.7.2 Binatang coba ......................................................................... 26 4.7.3 Persiapan Larutan Uji ............................................................. 26 4.7.4 Detail Prosedural ................................................................... 28
4.8
Alur Penelitian ................................................................................. 30
4.9
Pengamatan ..................................................................................... 31
4.10 Analisis Data ................................................................................... 31 BAB 5 HASIL DAN ANALISIS PENELITIAN 5.1 Hasil Penelitian ................................................................................... 32 5.2 Analisis Data ....................................................................................... 34 BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN Pembahasan ............................................................................................. 36 BAB 7 PENUTUP 7.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................... 40 7.2 Saran ................................................................................................... 40 Daftar Pustaka .................................................................................................. 41 Lampiran ......................................................................................................... 44
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1 ....................................................................................................... 44 Lampiran 2 ....................................................................................................... 46 Lampiran 3 ....................................................................................................... 49
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