1
Decisive Maps The spatial picture of regional environmental policy
Research for regions 19 May 2008 Freek Deuss
A regional authority’s mapping needs
2 Policy maps: • Analysis of (spatial) policy options (present and future) • Communicate options and agreed policies Planning maps: • Options and agreed (spatial) plans Management maps: • Inventories • Measures
NWE South-Holland 2006 policy maps: a case history
3 •
•
Aim: to clarify and show the spatial consequences and priorities of the Nature, Water and Environmental policy paper 2006 – 2010. Content: a host of intentions, measures and projects to maintain or improve recreational facilities, nature, landscape, water management and environmental quality
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Mapping by trying
• First try: suitability maps • Parallel exercise: scenario maps • Third try: intersubjective maps
Suitability maps analysis
Geschiktheid voor functies per gebiedskenmerk (16 x 32 = 512) 29-8-2005
nr. kwagebiedskenmerk groen 1/3 j
Functies binnen bufferzone van 250m rond PEHS
2
j
Functies binnen de (P)EHS
6
j
(Functies bij) grondwatertrap IIb
9
j
Beperkt zettingsgevoelige gebieden
10 j
Groen/natuurwaarde
11 j
Weinig zettingsgevoelige gebieden
11a j
Gebieden met beperkte funderingsdiepte
12 j
Gebieden geschikt voor ondergronds bouwen
13 j
Infiltratiegebieden
14 j
Metselzandwinninglocaties
15 j
Warmte-koude-opslag mogelijk
+/-
%
+/-
%
+
5
+
5
+
10
X
1
X
1
X
1
0
5
+/-
%
haventerreinen
kantoren
groen stedelijk
zware industrie (HMC)
bedrijventerreinen
stedelijk
pasteltinten
5
stedelijk
hoog stedelijk
FUNCTIE hoofdtinten
%
+/-
%
+
6
+
6
++
7
X
1
X
1
X
1
+/-
+/-
%
++
7
++
7
-
4
++
7
++
8
++
7
--
2
--
2
-
4
0
4
--
2
0
4
0
4
0
4
--
2
+
6
--
2
--
2
--
2
--
2
--
2
-
3
-
3
+
6
--
2
Suitability maps results
6
-
Parallel exercise: MNP scenario maps
7
8
Third try: intersubjective mapping
Approach: • bottom-up (information) and top-down (policy issues); • trying to be complete: use all relevant information, but • clear: limit information, use pictures; test: • results recognized by both experts and politicians.
Intersubjective mapping
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Step 1: sectoral policy maps
10 • • • • • • • •
Natural areas development Water management: safety, retention and overflow Air quality zones Noise pollution, silence reserves Industrial riscs Soil protection priorities Groundwater protection areas Etc.
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Sectoral policy maps, example (1)
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Sectoral policy maps, example (2)
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Step 2: integrated planning principles (1) 1. Use the ‘stratification approach’ as a basis for analysis and spatial development, in the sequence bottom – infrastructure –occupation. The ‘strategy of the two networks’ (S2N) connects the three strata, as follows. 2. The network for people transport – especially the rail network – carries the development of dynamic, intensive human use functions, such as metropolitan housing, offices and services. 3. The networks for goods transport – rail, water and road – carry the development of dynamic, extensive human use functions, such as industrial areas.
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Integrated planning principles (2) 7. The water network (surface water en ground water) carries low-dynamic functions such as nature and recreation, rural housing, water extraction. 8. Utilize the soil (type, elevation, water flows) and green areas for water management (quantity and quality). Thus protect against flooding; practice water retention rather than rapid inlet and drainage; keep water clean or purify naturally rather than polluting, draining or artificially purifying it. 9. Utilize soil qualities for urban development: bearing capacity, suitability for underground building and cold/warmth storage.
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Integrated planning principles (3) 7. Make green areas and water accessible from and useful to urban functions (quality of housing and working areas, recreation). 8. Protect strong historic identities of built-up areas (culture) and countryside (culture and nature); develop or adapt identities that are weak or without potential. 9. Renovate, intensify or transform existing urban areas, working areas and market gardening [glastuinbouw] instead of replacement or extension. 10. In case source measures prove insufficient, limit intensive use of environmentally stressed areas (industrial safety, air quality, noise, smell).
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Step 3: spatial policy
Maps showing existing and planned: • Urban areas • Economic zones • Infrastructure • Rural functions • Integrated developments • etc.
17
Spatial policy: examples Provincial Spatial Structure Vision 2020
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Step 4: map legend Legenda-eenheden voor de ruimtelijke vertaling IP
1, 2 en 6
1
9 en 10
8
Alle
5
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Step 5: map content, provincial scale
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Step 5: map content, regional focus
Step 6: priority maps
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Prioritizing objectives in 4 categories: Priority, objective is critical to realize policy goals; no political agreement reached Priority, objective is critical to realize policy goals Attention required to realize policy goals Realization underway
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Priority map, example Sleutelkaart Valkenburg Reinforce the unique natural qualities of the area by making these leading when developing the area for low-density housing and services. Rijn Gouwe Line (RGL) Construction of the RGL railway is crucial and and conditional to developing Valkenburg. RGL also must connect Noordwijk. Knoop Leiden-West Realiseer voor een hoogwaardig woon- en werkmilieu evenwicht tussen de economische bedrijvigheid en de bestaande en potentiële kwaliteiten zoals de oevers van de Oude Rijn. Oostflank van Leiden Voorkom dichtslibben van het gebied door aanleg van een robuuste ecologischrecreatieve verbinding Vlietzone-Kagerplassen en waarborg de verbinding tussen Leidencentrum en het Groene Hart, zowel landschappelijk als recreatief. Greenport Duin- Bollenstreek Behoud de landschappelijke kwaliteiten en ontwikkel de ecologische verbindingszone tussen de Kust en de Kaag bij de agrarische transformatie van het gebied. Zwakke schakel Katwijk Combineer de kustverdedigingsopgave met de aanleg van een ecologische verbinding en de ruimtelijke kwaliteitsverbetering in Katwijk. Leiden Centraal De verdichtingsopgave in combinatie het versterken van de leefomgeving ontwikkelt zich positief
Comparing the tries
231.
Suitability maps: GIS-model used too slow for true interactivity, land-use function legend did not cover all policy aspects, participants working inside complicated black box reduced their trust in its outcome. 2. Scenario maps: convincing because black box operated by authority (LUMOS - MNP), only showing land-use scenario’s but not intending to do more. 3. Intersubjective mapping: convincing.
Conclusions
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• Equipping the man, rather than manning the equipment, requires an • intersubjective process • based on relevant knowledge, • meeting user needs for decisive information with the • clearly communicated essence of the required underlying data.
References
25 • Kaartenstudie voor het beleidsplan Groen, Water en Milieu Zuid-Holland, TNO 2006, by R. van der Krogt et al. • Ruimtelijke beelden voor Zuid-Holland, MNP 2006, by A.Bouwman, R.Kuijper, H.Tijbosch, www.mnp.nl • Land Use Modelling System LUMOS, www.lumos.info • Designing Sustainable Accessibility, M. te Brommelstroet, L. Bertolini, www.transportplanning.eu
