Concepts On The Development Of Airport Regions

Landasan Ilmiah

1

• Kuala Lumpur, ( ), • Seoul (Incheon), • Hong Kong ((Chek Lap p Kok), ) • Singapore (Changi), • Bangkok (Suvarnabhumi).

Effficientt Gatew way M Model

The Ae T erotrop polis m model

Concepts On The Development Of Airport Regions

• Frankfurt, • Zurich.

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Pengertian Dasar Aerocity y

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Definisi

Aerotropolis

An aerotropolis is an urban b complex l whose h layout, infrastructure and economy are centered on an airport.

Analogous in shape to the traditional metropolis made up of a central city and its rings of commuter- heavy suburbs, the aerotropolis consists of an airport city core and outlying corridors and clusters of aviation-linked businesses and associated residential developments.

4 Sumber : Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next? Interview with John D. Kasarda, ATLANTIS - MAGAZINE BY POLIS PLATFORM FOR URBANISM, #22.3 December 2011).

4

Perubahan Posisi Bandara Terhadap Kota

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Evolusi Function dan Form Airport-Centric Commercial Development

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Aerotropolis Schematic

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7

Taoyuan Taiwan version of Airport City Schematic

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8

Peran Aerocity Dalam Lingkup g p Makro/Regional g

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Peran Bandara dalam Perekonomian Global 1.

Perekonomian suatu negara terkait dengan perekonomian global melalui kota-kota yang disebut sebagai : a. World city. b. Global city. c Alpha city c. city.

2.

Untuk berhubungan dengan perekonomian global tersebut. Salah satu hal yang harus dimiliki negara tersebut adalah keberadaan kota, yang disebut sebagai : airport city, aerotropolis atau airport corridor.

3.

Kesuksesan bandara bergantung kepada faktor-faktor seperti : a. Ketersediaan lahan untuk pengembangan di bandara. b. Lokasi bandara dalam lingkup jaringan praarana wilayah. c Struktur sosial-ekonomi c. sosial ekonomi wilayah wilayah. d. Kerangka kelembagaan pemerintahan setempat. e. Kerangka perencanaan (planning framework).

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Karakteristik Dasar Global City 1.

Karakteristik Ekonomi.

2.

Karakteristik Politis.

3.

Karakteristik Budaya.

4.

Karakteristik Prasarana.

Evaluasi peringkat untuk 4 kategori alpha city didasarkan atas : kegiatan bisnis, SDM, pertukaran informasi, pengalaman budaya, dan kepastian politik.

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Bandara Soekarno Hatta & BIJB Bandara

Kota

Status Global City

Soekarno- Hatta

Jakarta

Alpha Minus

BIJB

Majalengka/Bandung

?

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Peran Aero City/Aerotropolis

Tenaga Kerja

Pertumbuhan Ekonomi • • • • • • • • •

Aerotropolis

Bentuk Urban Baru Rantai Permintaan Global “Internet” Bandara adalah ruter Bandara lebih dari sebatas infrastruktur Penerbangan Zona pertemuan Angkutan umum K Kecepatan t tterhadap h d pasar

Kota Bandara

Off Airport

Termin On Airport Terminal all

Off Airport On Airport

Kota Bandara Aerotropolis

Pariwisata Kawasan

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Populasi Kawasan

Dampak Ekonomi dari Penerbangan Komersial Dampak Langsung Permintaan pemasukan perantara dan hasil investasi dari aktivitas ekonomi di kawasan bandara

Dampak Tidak Langsung Produksi, tenaga kerja dan hasil pendapatan Produksi dari lokasi pemesanan menuju penjual oleh perusahaan di bandara

Dampak Pasti Produksi, tenaga kerja, dan hasil pendapatan dari • konsumsi belanja dari pendapatan oleh tenaga kerja bandara • Konsumsi belanja dari pendapatam oleh pekerja pedagangan bandara Dampak Keseluruhan Dampak Katalis

Sumber : Looking in all the wrong places? Catalytic effects in the context of product cycle theory. Stephen J. Appold and John D. Kasarda

Faktor Utama Pengembangan g g Aerocity y

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Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara

Sumber penerimaan yang tidak terkait kegiatan penerbangan. Kebutuhan sektor komersial akan lahan. Pertumbuhan konstan penumpang dan kargo. Bandara yang berfungsi sebagai katalis dan magnet untuk perkembangan kegiatan bisnis di sekitarnya.

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Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara

Kegiatan terkait langsung dengan penerbangan. Kegiatan terkait dengan fungsi bandara. Kegiatan g berorientasi bandara.

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Airport City Success Factors

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Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz

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Airport City Success Factors Kombinasi dari 8 faktor ini menentukan dalam penerapan, praktek, dan keberhasilan konsep Kota Bandara

Kerangka Kerja

1

Struktur Pemegang Saham

4

Sistem Legal Interaksi ahli perencana

5

Kepemimpinan Organisasi p kompetensi

Dari operator p bandara Relasi negara/ kota

2

Kondisi Infrastruktur Dalam konteks kota/ kawasan Hubungan lokal/ internasional

6

Perencanaan dan Budaya Pengembangan

Faktor Keberhasilan Kota Bandara

7 Perjanjian j j Pemegang g g

Fungsi g Utama Bandara 3

Profil penerbangan Posisi Struktur Jaringan

Saham/ Stakeholder

Kondisi Keruangan

Persyaratan penerbangan/ non penerbangan ketersediaan

8

Visi dan Strategis Kerja sama dan komunikasi

Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz

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Faktor Utama Pengembangan Aero City/Aerotropolis Key Factors That Facilitate Airport-Centric Development

Kolaborasi Stakeholder

Pengembangan kawasan

20 National Airspace System - Airport-centric Development

Sumber dana

Pengembangan bandara

Hubungan

Faktor-Faktor Penggerak Perkembangan Aero City 1.

Long-haul jet aircraft connecting people, products, and enterprises world-wide.

2.

Supply chain processes where parts and components are manufactured in a half-dozen different countries, assembled in a seventh country and distributed to a multitude of others.

3.

The growth of world tourism.

4.

“Must have it now” consumer age.

5 5.

Air cargo was as the primar primary dri driver. er

6.

Rapid passenger and cargo growth.

7.

New economy products (typically small, light, compact, high value-to-weight parts, components and assembled bl d products) d t ) are iincreasingly i l shipped hi d internationally i t ti ll by b air i in i a fast f t and d agile il manner.

8.

The huge volume of time-critical products (including perishables) such as micro-electronics, pharmaceuticals, medical devices and aerospace equipment traversing international boundaries by air annually ll h has resulted lt d in i air i cargo accounting ti for f approximately i t l 35% off the th value l off ttoday’s d ’ world ld trade. t d

9.

In order to gain a competitive advantage through the speedy global supply-chain connectivity that air cargo provides, high-tech manufacturers and other time-critical industries are locating at sites around or accessible to well-connected ell connected airports. airports

10.

As their suppliers and logistics providers co-locate, they drive additional investment and employment growth in airport regions.

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Tahapan Pengembangan g g

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Metodologi (Ideal) Thinking Like Developers

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate 23 Development Opportunities & Challenges

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Metodologi (Ideal) Identifikasi Resiko

Rencana Strategis Bandara

Rencana Manajemen Resiko

Rencana Marketing

Rencana Bisnis

Master Plan

Rencana Guna Lahan

Keterangan = Perencanaan dan Pengembangan

Rencana SDM

= Administrasi = Bisnis/ Keuangan

Rencana Pengembangan dan Pelatihan

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Metodologi (Ideal)

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Three Stages of Aerotropolis Planning

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Integrated Aerotropolis Planning

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Jenis Kegiatan di Dalam Aerocity y

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Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis Example of Air and Surface Connectivity Benefitting Manufacturing, Repair, and Training

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Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis Synopsis of Logistics Clusters

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Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis Synopsis of Logistics Clusters Jalur J l Kapal Jalur Udara

Perawatan Kontainer

Perawatan P Pesawat t

Pelayanan Logistik

Perawatan Pesawat Transportasi Darat

Penyediaan Logistik

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Operasi Pelabuhan Jabel Ali and Dubai Airport FZ Authority

Gudang & Penyimpanan

Instasi Perawatan

Operasii Kargo O K Bandara B d UAE Customs Agen pemerintah lainnya

Kegiatan Terkait Keberadaan Bandara 1. Core aeronautical activities are part of the technical operation of the airport, directly supporting the air traffic function.

1. Kegiatan inti penerbangan.

2. A relation to air-freight or air-passenger movements, (e.g., logistics and distribution activities or terminal retail and hotels). hotels) Their competitiveness and/or business revenues are closely tied to the scale of air traffic.irport-related traffic.irport related activities have a direct

2. Kegiatan terkait dengan bandara yang berhubungan dengan pergerakan penumpang dan barang.

3. Airport-oriented activities choose the airport area because of the image of the airport and its typically excellent ground accessibility accessibility. The price of land and surface connectivity, rather than relation to air traffic, are key the factors in determining those activities locating in the airport area.

3. Kegiatan berorientasi bandara.

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Rantai Keterkaitan Aktivitas Ekonomi

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Alternatif Pembiayaan Denver International Airport Public Sector City and Country of Denver, City of Aurora Brighton, Commerce City Bennet, Adams County State of Colorado

Quasi – Governmental Metro Denver EDC, C Commerce Cit City ED ED, Ad Adams County ED Front Range Airport, E-470 Highway Authority DRCOG, RTD, DTP et al

Land Owners

DIA

II.C. C F Fulenwider l id LNR LNR, A&C A&C, Smith The Pauls Corp. Prologis, Oakwood Homes Majestic Realty Corp. et al

End Users Developers, Investors, Tenants, Customers, et al Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate 34 Development Opportunities & Challenges

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Alternatif Pembiayaan Denver’s Economic Clusters


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Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters


36

Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters

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37

Dasar-Dasar Penyusunan Rencana Tata Ruang g Aerocity y

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Konsep Struktur Ruang

Analogous in shape to the traditional metropolis made up of a central city core and its rings of commuter-heavy suburbs, the aerotropolis consists of an airport-centred commercial core (airport city) and outlying corridors and clusters of aviation-linked businesses and associated residential development.

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Konsep Pola Ruang 1.

The Aerotropolis incorporates aviation-linked business and industrial clusters at and around airports and along airport access corridors.

2.

The aerotropolis has both spatial and functional forms. Its spatial form consists of aviation- oriented businesses and their associated residential developments which cluster around airports and outward along connecting transport corridors generating observable physical features. The functional form consists of a more diffuse airport-integrated economic region whose businesses are as closely linked to distant suppliers, custom ers,, and enterprise p partners p as they y are to those in their own region. g

3.

Corporate headquarter functions. The full-range of office services and business support staff of a traditional corporate complex are available, including meeting rooms, computers and advanced telecom, secretarial and tech assistance.

4.

Retail mall concepts have been merged into passenger terminals. Airport property beyond the terminal is being developed with hotel and entertainment facilities, conference and exhibition complexes, shopping centers, office buildings, and logistics and free trade zones. Airports also frequently offer complementary sets t off ffacilities iliti ffor airport i t and d airline i li employees l ((such h as d day care centers t and dh health lth clinics), li i ) as well ll as commercially serve residents in the local market area.

5.

Cluster, rather than strip development, should be encouraged along airport transportation corridors with sufficient green space between clusters. clusters Residential mixed mixed-use use developments for airport area workers and frequent air travelers should be designed to human scale, encouraging social interaction and sense of neighborhood. In short, aerotropolis development and “smart growth” should go hand-in-hand.

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Konsep Sistem Transportasi 1. Air cargo hub. 2. Multimodal air logistics g hub. 3. Good surface transportation accessibility exists to the airport area. 4 Rapid ground connectivity to much of the region and beyond is provided 4. by the inter city rail station underneath the complex. 5. Dedicated airport expressway links (aerolanes) and high-speed high speed airport express trains (aerotrains) should efficiently connect airports to business and residential clusters, near and far. Special truck-only lanes should be added dd d to t airport i t expressways, as should h ld improved i d interchanges i t h to t reduce d congestion.

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Isu Pengembangan Pola Ruang 1.

Isu Kebisingan

2.

Isu Keamanan dan Keselamatan a. Tall Structures (Bangunan Tinggi) b. Visual Obstructions and Electronic Interference (Gangguan Pandangan dan Pengaruh Elektronik) 1)

Debu

2)

Silau

3)

Pancaran Cahaya

4)

Asap, Uap dan Kabut

c. Serangan Burung dan Satwa Liar

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Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Perumahan Jenis Guna Lahan Perumahan

Kerentanan Pusat Ketinggian Kebisingan Aktivitas Struktur Rumah tunggal P KP TP

Gambaran Halangan

Kehidupan Liar dan Atraksi Burung

Rumah tunggal (tergabung dan KP KP terpisah) Rumah susun (seperti dua atau lebih unit tempat tinggal dalam bangunan tunggal, apartemen seperti kondominium, elder, assisted living, townhouse) Kepadatan rendah (level 1-3) P KP TP KP KP Kepadatan menengah (level 4-12) Kepadatan tinggi (level 13 atau lebih)

P P

P P

KP P

P P

KP KP

Kelompok tempat tinggal (assisted living, kelompok fasilitas, bangunan perawatan dan renovasi, kelompok p p rumah tunggal) Taman Perumahan

P

P

KP

P

KP

P

P

TP

KP

P

P = Pengaruh KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh TP = Tidan Berpengaruh Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.

Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering43 Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf

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Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Perdagangan Gambaran Kerentanan Pusat Aktivitas Ketinggian Struktur Halangan Kebisingan Aktivitas Komersil Penyedia Makanan dan Minuman P P KP KP Pelayanan Kendaraan TP KP TP KP Perkantoran (bisnis, pemerintahan, spesialis, kesehatan, atau lembaga keuangan) Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3) P KP TP KP Kepadatan menengah (level 3 – 12) P P KP KP Kepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih) P P P KP Retail (pedagangan, lease, atau rentalan) Sales-oriented KP KP KP KP Pelayanan P KP KP KP P b ik / renovasii Perbaikan/ P KP TP KP Perhotelan (hotel, motel, convention centre, gedung P P KP KP pertemuan, fasilitas pertunjukan) Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3) P P P P K d t menengah Kepadatan h (l (levell 3 – 12) KP KP TP KP Kepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih) KP P KP KP Gudang terbuka dan display KP KP TP KP Pelayanan umum (terminal bus, stasiun, dan taxi) KP P KP KP Bengkel (bengkel (bengkel, pertokoan pertokoan, toko ban) TP KP TP KP Jenis Guna Lahan Komersial

Kehidupan Liar dan Atraksi Burung P KP KP KP P KP P KP KP P KP KP KP KP KP

P = Pengaruh KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh TP = Tidan Berpengaruh Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins. Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering44 Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf

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Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Industri Guna Lahan

Kerentanan Kebisingan

Pusat Ketinggian Gambaran Aktivitas Struktur Halangan

Aktivitas Industri/ Manufaktur Kawasan Pelayanan Industri (industry bubut, perbaikan TP P KP KP barang, pergudangan, dsb) Kawasan Produksi dan Manufaktur (manufaktur, proses, pabrik, perakitan) Manufaktur Teknik KP P KP P Manufaktur Umum TP P KP P Manufaktur Berat TP KP P P Pengolahan dan Pertambangan TP KP TP P Operasi Pen Penyela-matan ela matan (firma pengumpulan, peng mp lan TP TP KP KP penyimpanan, dan pembongkaran kendaraan, mesin – mesin, peralatan, dan material bangunan) Penyimpanan / Per-gudangan Industri (gudang kecil/ TP TP TP KP fasilitas gudang) Kargo (pusat distrbusi, pergud-angan/ kargo, dsb) TP KP KP KP Pembuangan (pusat daur ulang, pembuangan sampah, TP TP KP P pusat transfer sampah, p p kompos, p dsb)) Grosiran (diskon, persewaan, atau rental barang untuk TP TP TP KP industri, institusi, atau investasi)

Kehidupan Liar dan Atraksi Burung KP

KP KP P P KP

KP KP P KP

P = Pengaruh KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh TP = Tidan Berpengaruh Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins. 45

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Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Institusi Guna Lahan Universitas dan Sekolah Tinggi Pelayanan Komunitas (publik, non profit, atau lembaga sosial) Pelayanan komunitas umum (perpustakaan, museum, pusat transit, TOD) Pelayanan komunitas khusus (persinggahan) Penitipan anak (perawatan anak, perawatan remaja PAUD) remaja, Penahanan (penjara, pusat rehabilitasi) Fasilitas Pendidikan (negeri dan swasta) Fasilitas pendidikan umum (SD negeri dan swasta/ MI, SMP/MTS, dan SMA/MA serta asrama dan pendidikan militer) Fasilitas pendidikan khusus (perekonomian, bisnis, atau kursus kursus, tanpa gelar) Rumah sakit (rumah sakit, klinik) Perkumpulan agama (kris-tiani, Hindustani, sinagog, muslim, masonik, dsb) P = Pengaruh KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh 46 TP = Tidan Berpengaruh Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.

Kerentanan Pusat Kebisingan Aktivitas Aktivitas Institusi P P

Ketinggian Struktur

Gambaran Halangan


P

P

P

P

P

KP

P

P

P P

KP P

TP TP

KP P

KP P

P

P

KP

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

KP

KP

KP

P P

P P

P P

P P

P KP

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Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Prasarana dan Transportasi Kerentanan Pusat Ketinggian Kebisingan Aktivitas Struktur Aktivitas pelayanan infrastruktur Utilitas dasar (cabang jaringan, jaringan jaringan elektrik elektrik, TP TP KP sanitasi dan gorong-gorong, menara air) Guna Lahan

Fasilitas transmisi komunikasi (pemancar, nirkabel, tower darurat, dan antenna) Perparkiran (besmen, struktur parkir) Transportasi (jalan raya, jalan antar kota, jalan lokal dan jalan nasional) lokal, Utilitas (pembangkit tenaga listrik, generator angin, dan turbin)

Gambaran Halangan


P

P

TP

TP

P

P

KP

TP TP

KP KP

P TP

KP KP

KP TP

TP

TP

P

P

TP

P = Pengaruh KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh TP = Tidan Berpengaruh Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.


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Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Pertanian dan Ruang Terbuka Kerentanan Pusat Ketinggian Kebisingan Aktivitas Struktur Aktivitas Pertanian dan Ruang Terbuka Pertanian (pengolahan tanaman dan lumbung) Hubungan hewan dan tumbuhan TP TP KP Hubungan permukiman (gudang bahan P TP KP bakar/ fasilitas pemompaan, pembongkaran dan pengupasan, perdagangan hasil tani) Guna Lahan

Gambaran Halangan


TP KP

P P

Banjir Sumber air (air permukaan)

TP

TP

TP

TP

P

Sumber daya buatan (pertambangan dan ekstraksi, kolam penam-pungan air, lahan basah) Sumber daya alami (danau, kolam, padang rumput, sungai, kali, lahan basah) Kawasan perlindungan hewan

TP

TP

TP

P

P

TP

TP

TP

P

P

P

KP

TP

P

P

P =P Pengaruh h KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh TP = Tidan Berpengaruh Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.


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Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Olahraga dan Rekreasi Guna Lahan

Kerentanan Kebisingan

Aktivitas taman dan hiburan Hiburan komersil (fasilitas latihan fisik, rekreasi, dan budaya) Aktivitas di luar (perkemahan, fasilitas P tenis/berenang, bioskop terbuka, skatting, paviliun) KP Aktivitas dalam ruangan (fitness, klub kesehatan, bowling, skatting, billiard, taman bermain, teater tertutup) Golf (lintasan golf, lapangan golf mini) P Utilitas (taman bermain, lintasan balap, arena P olah raga) Taman (aquatic, fasilitas olah raga kawasan, P keber-tentanggaan, seko-lah, komunitas) Kasino TP

Pusat Aktivitas

Ketinggian Struktur

Gambaran Halangan


KP

KP

P

KP

P

KP

P

KP

TP P

TP P

KP P

P P

KP

P

KP

KP

P

KP

P

P


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Hal-Hal Yang Perlu Diwaspadai Dalam Pengembangan g g Aerocity y

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Hal-Hal Yang Harus Diwaspadai

1

2

Aerotropolis Ae ot opolis has to be more mo e than a “b “build ild it and they will come” airport dream. Success rests on market realities and adequate air service.

The opportunities or constraints to aerotropolis roll-out are determined by natural ecological factors, surface p infrastructure,, ownership p of transportation land parcels, labor force characteristics, and local governance structures.

51

51

Persoalan Terkait Pola Ruang

Lack of alignment between airport, city and regional planning; Lack of integrated forward-looking spatial planning and joint-agreements; Lack of coordination between different levels of government and other stakeholders; Blighted conditions where small-scale older uses have been disenfranchised from wider improvement coalitions; Competition, conflict and confusion between local authorities over development philosophies and planning controls; Equitable financing of infrastructure provision; Traffic congestion at airports stimulated by airport-related commercial activity; Uncertainty regarding optimal character of on- and near-airport commercial development; and Resistance from ’high street‘ traders and local municipalities to expansion of retailing at airports.

Sumber : The planning of airport regions and National Aviation Policy Issues and challenges in Australia 2008-2009, Robert Freestone and Douglas Baker.

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Diagram Konsep Pengembangan g g Aerocity y

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Runways: Regional Bones

54

Safety and Navigation Implications

55

The Noise Footprint

56

A Need for Services

57

Airport City Functions

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A City Airport Becomes an Airport City

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Perumusan Konsep p Pengembangan g g

60

Development Principles Pittsburgh International Airport

1.

Develop a multi-jurisdictional strategy

2.

Plan primarily for airport related uses

3.

Develop airport compatible uses

4.

Concentrate development

5.

Preserve natural areas

6.

Develop sustainably

7.

Provide connectivity

8.

Encourage mixed-use development

9 9.

Encourage infill development

10. Make places, not sprawl.

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Conceptual Development Program Pittsburgh International Airport

Flex and distribution Bonded warehouses Freight forwarders Free trade zone assembly and shipping Just-in-time electronics repairs Just-in-time manufacturing Technology companies

information technology robotics bio-medical bio medical Energy

Satellite university campuses Hospitals and trauma centers

Aerotropolis support services and uses

hotels entertainment conference centers retail and food mixed income housing

Headquarters International National Regional

E-Fulfillment centers Destination entertainment R & D parks Corporate campuses

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Proposed Business Environment Piedmont Triad Aerotropolis

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Rincian Jenis Kegiatan Di DalamAerocity y

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Basic Design Principles for an Aerotropolis 1.

Improving transportation capacity whether by highway or rail. There are those who believe that limiting capacity limits travel. That may be true but the congestion caused by limited capacity causes more emissions than adequate capacity.

2.

Minimizing the needed ground movement. With the increase in especially business air travel, travel airports have become an important part of the metropolitan movement equation.

3.

generally y decreasing g but planning p g Per movement aircraft emissions and noise are g air routes and land use in combination can still reduce exposure.

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Proses Perkembangan Aerocity 1.

Pengembangan kawasan komersial yang pesat di dan di sekitar gerbang bandara menjadikan kegiatan tersebut sebagai generator pertumbuhan perkotaan dan menjadikan bandara sebagai : a.

pusat lapangan p p g pekerjaan p j yang y g penting, p g,

b.

kawasan perbelanjaan,

c.

perdagangan, serta

d.

destinasi bisnis,

serta bandara membangun sebuah “brand image” tersendiri untuk menarik kegiatan bisnis yang tidak berkaitan dengan kebandarudaraan. 2.

Sifat alami dari pasar lokal dalam kegiatan industri dan komersial memiliki peran penting dalam keberlangsungan kota bandara dan kegiatan di dalamnya.

3.

Area di sekitar bandara juga dapat menarik kegiatan bisnis, pekerja-pekerja profesional dan penduduk yang lebih banyak dibanding dengan área lain, pembangunan kegiatan komersial di dalam kawasan bandara merefleksikan kebutuhan dari pekerjaan, pekerja dan penduduk terhadap pelayanan yang disediakan oleh bisnis yang berbasis bandara. pelayanan-pelayanan tersebut meliputi pelayanan perumahan, rekreasi, kuliner, perdagangan, kesehatan, penitipan anak dan dokter hewan.

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Proses Perkembangan Aerocity 4.

Kebutuhan–kebutuhan untuk kegiatan bisnis yang berbasis pada bandara saat ini disediakan di dalam kawasan campuran (mixed use) yang luas di dalam área bandara, sebagai sentra pembangunan metropolitan. p Pergeseran g ini membuat pembangunan p g kota bandara sebagai g model perencanaan p kreartif dan atribut-atribut managemen yang berbeda. a.

Perkantoran dan Kegiatan Bisnis, meliputi Kawasan Bisnis

b.

Logistik dan Distribusi, meliputi Freight Forwarding, 3 PL’s, Flow-thru

c.

Produksi Barang, meliputi Kawasan Industri.

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Jenis Kegiatan di Dalam Aerocity Aerotropolis menjadi generator utama pengembangan kawasan karena merupakan kawasan cepat tumbuh berbasis bandara atau sering disebut airport-centric commercial development. Kawasan ini menciptakan secara mandiri : 1.

significant employment,

2 2.

shopping, h i

3.

trading,

4 4.

business meeting meeting,

5.

entertainment, and

6.

leisure destinations,

sehingga menjadi kota handal dan menjadi daya tarik global (melalui airplane network) dan lokal (melalui multimodal lokal).

68

Daftar Kegiatan Komersial Kota Bandara 1.

Pertokoan

2.

Restoran

3.

Kegiatan entertainmen dan kebudayaan

4.

Hotel dan akomodasinya

5 5.

Bank dan penukaran mata uang asing

6.

Gedung Perkantoran

7.

Convention and exhibition centers

8.

Hiburan, rekreasi dan pusat kebugaran

9.

Logistik dan distribusi

10 Pengawetan makanan dan pendinginan 10. 11. Katering dan kuliner 12. Perdagangan bebas dan sejenisnya 13. Lapangan golf 14. Factory outlets 15 15. P Pelayanan l k keluarga, l seperti ti kli klinik ik k kesehatan h t d dan penitipan iti anak k 69

Skema Tipe Kegiatan Kota Bandara 1.

Kegiatan di dalam kota bandara : a. Pelayanan konsumen. b. Kawasan perdagangan, meliputi pertokoan. c. Real estate, meliputi perkantoran, hotel dan bongkar muat. d Multi moda d. moda, meliputi taxi taxi, trem, trem bus dan kereta api. api e. Infrastruktur terminal, meliputi terminal. f.

2.

Infrastruktur dasar, meliputi jalan raya.

Kegiatan di luar kota bandara : a. Hotel dan penginapan. b. Kegiatan pertemuan, meliputi eksibisi dan konferensi. c. Kegiatan perdagangan, meliputi pusat perbelanjaan.

70

Penerjemahan “Penggerak” Menjadi “Kegiatan”

71

Pembiayaan Aerocity y

72

Alternatif Pembiayaan Tahapan Pengembangan Berdasarkan Sumber Pembiayaan He advises them on how to achieve the “Airport City’s Triple Bottom Line.” The first point is that major airports now receive more of their revenue from nonaeronautical sources than from aeronautical sources. Secondly, rapid commercial development at and around major airports transforms them into leading urban growth generators as airport areas become significant employment, shopping, and business destinations in their own right. The airport area finally develops a “brand image” attracting even non-airport linked businesses. Thus, Kasarda is advocating for nothing less than creating whole new airport-themed urban b zones within i hi regions. i Sumber : Aerotropoli, The Logic of Globalization and the Rise of Dr. John Kasarda, By John Patrick Good Globalization Spaces Final Research Paper December 18, 2007

73

Sumber Pembiayaan

Airport-lead, Airport-funded. For those communities whose Airport has taken a lead role in the creation of an Aerotropolis, those efforts are also primarily, if not entirely, funded by that Airport. In these communities, the very active marine port authorities in those communities compliment the economic development efforts coordinated by their airports.

Large scale private developers developers. These Aerotropolis communities have benefitted from vast tracts of available, developable land and the participation of a few real estate developers. These developers have privately financed. large scale communities, business parks, industrial facilities, and logistics parks where there once was desert or farmland.

Combination of Public and Private sector financial contributions. IIn those th communities iti where h private i t sector t involvement i l t is i strong t and d available il bl land l d is i att a premium, i companies i and d units it off government have made financial contributions to the Aerotropolis organization operating in that community.

State and Federal grants/tax incentives. For a number of Aerotropolis communities, the ability to offer tax incentives or the award of grant money has been given by the State or Federal Government.

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate Development Opportunities & Challenges

74

Alternatif Pembiayaan Non-Airline Revenue Target


Alternatif Pembiayaan Hierarchy of Airport Participation


76

Implementation & Governance


77

Airport Management/Development Models


78

Penyusun

Nama

:Ir. Fitri Indra Wardhono

Pendidikan :Sarjana Teknik Strata Pertama Bidang Teknik Planologi Email

:[email protected]

Blog

:fitriwardhono.wordpress.com

Concepts On The Development Of Airport Regions

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