DC is een feit
Waarom DC
Alles waarvan we
We leven al in een gelijkspanningswereld
en
zijn DC
Stappen naar een DC toekomst Harry Stokman Contact Email:
[email protected]
Address: Stationsweg 38-BB, 1431 EG Aalsmeer, The Netherlands www.directcurrent.eu
DC is the Future
To make the DC future
About Harry
27 years DC entrepreneur and owner of: • • • • •
Direct Current Ltd: Mission DCify the grids R&D DC and development Hellas Rectifiers Ltd: Manufacturing AC/DC and DC/DC Femtogrid Energy solutions Ltd: Solar micro converters and DC grids Amstel Rectifiers Ltd: Manufacturing SMPS AC/DC Just started: DOE DC Ltd projects and DC Horti Lighting Ltd financial (light as a service)
Resources to DCify the Chairmen of the DC foundation grids CIGRE member MVDC working group Politic active in the working group Dutch electric infra IEC SEG 6 and SEG 4 member Chairmen TC 64 Dutch working group LVDC (NEN 1010) Close cooperation whit the Dutch technical universities Breaking the chicken egg discussion and define system from a helicopter FYI, I’m dyslectic, so forgive me for spelling mistakes. view and testing it on applications Language isn’t logical.
Toekomst
Begin stand
Wie gelooft dat DC een toekomst heeft? Wordt DC binnen 5 jaar dagelijkse activiteit? Gaat AC in het laagspanningsnet vervangen?
AC had gewonnen
Geschiedenis
AC
DC
has won
has lost
1880 Battle between
Tesla and
Edison War of currents
AC doodlopend
Problemen in AC en is AC een winnaar?
Er is geen standaard!!! Slimme netten - hoe maak je een dom systeem slim? Verandering kan goedkoper zijn China
Hoe
Strategie
We hebben een super plan:
We hebben een oplossing voor: • • •
Niet bestaand probleem Niet bestaande klanten Niet bestaande vraag
Dit is een zéér strak plan
Hoe doen we het
HOE
Politie k
Opleidin g
Visie
DC
Groot denken
Lef
Netwermasterplan R&D Dramme k n
Functies en AC problemen voeden ons plan
DC oplossing
Waar gaat het om
Opwekken Besparen Maar belangrijker is de -Verbinding Verbinding- Gelijkspanning is daarom het fundament onder duurzaamheid
We gebruiken het al
USB brengt blijdschap
USB is de meest gebruikte stekker USB is een wereldwijde standaard Nu al meer USB stekkers dan mensen USB-C naar 100W goed genoeg voor het echte werk
DCificatie proces door de markt
APPLE naar USBUSB-C
USB-C is: Power nu tot 100W Data Domotica
Twee richtingen
één systeem
Media Mooi Alleen efficiënt te doen via een DC systeem. Ondersteund door INTEL, APPLE, GOOGLE,SAMSUNG etc.
DC
Feitjes
AC versus DC • • • • • •
1500W / 1500VA(1200W) 75gram / 25kG 150 euro / 350 euro Stand-by 14W / 50W Verlies 100% 30W / 100W Rendement 98% / 93%
AC 1.8W adapter
AC 30W adapter
Stilstand is vooruitgang
DC future
Vision
Meer DCificatie
DC enkele voorbeelden
Direct Current Nu al meer dan 500 lichtmasten op een DC infra in de buitenruimte Opstart Haarlemmermeer 1.5MW groeilicht en 715kW zonnepark verbonden via een DC infrastructuur
Wij zijn met DC SolaRoad wegen op DC wereldkampioe RedStack, DC energie uit zoet/zout water afsluit dijk 250 zonnesystemen bij particulieren op een DC bus n
Femtogrid
DC in public space
Public area +
CO2 Dust Noise
DC micro converter With integrated power optimizer
Light Detection Sensor bus
PV/DC
PV/DC
PV/DC
DC²
±350Vdc 700Vdc
Smart DC LED driver + sensors integrated with power line communication
Other groups 19 : 00 B US 1 7 2
Current OS
Double use of the DC infrastructure
Outdoor solutions
Current Router
Current Router
Current Router
AC/DC bidirectional converter
AC Network
DC in public space
DC public
Example:
Successfully launched
Current OS
Public lighting on DC
Management in the cloud
Products and system designed & invented by Direct Current BV
N e x t s t op 1 9 : 0 0
±350Vdc Grids
Earth fault protection 1..30mA adjustable
Full selectivity in protection
No breakers and fuses!
Cable quality and state is known
Lighting protection
Arcing detection
No underground cable connections
Corrosion protection
Fully controlled
100% digital converters used
Smart grid (Current/OS)
Current Routers as distribution panels
Arc free disconnecting
Power Line Communication G3 protocol connected to the cloud
No Breaking Current needed for protection
Cable length >3km
HVAC transmission lines area
B US 1 7 2
Smart DC LED driver with power line communication
Smart AC/DC and Power Line Communication
DC networks © 2015 Direct Current BV www.directcurrent.eu
Huidige situatie
NU
Huidige situatie
EAN
1x20A
EAN 1x20A
EAN 1x20A
EAN 1x20A
GRID
MET DC gaan we het heel SLIM doen DOM
EAN
EAN
EAN
EAN
3x25A
3x25A
3x25A
GRID
3x25A
Netbeheerder gaat het net verzwaren
Mixed grids
DC In buildings
DC micro converter With integrated power optimizer
PV/DC
PV/DC
PV/DC
PV/DC
PV/DC
ROOF
DC² LED DRIVER
Sensors
±350Vdc 700Vdc
LED DRIVER
LED DRIVER
LED DRIVER
Sensors
LED DRIVER
Other groups
Double use of the DC infrastructure
Current OS
Current Router
Current Router
Current Router
AC/DC bidirectional converter
Indoor solutions
AC Network
Dutch Solution
housing
350V or +/-350Vdc (700Vdc) USB-C standard plugs up to 100W 5kWh peak shaving Central based storage EV charging 20kW 3kW Heat pumps 5kW stove 3...20kW 300W ventilation LED lighting Smartness communication isolated from the internet. (data isolation) Supporting the smart grid Privacy from the start AC is an option for old devices Increase capacity in the streets by moving to DC
Current OS
Domestic Intelligent DC Grid
DC DC
DC
DC DC
DC
DC
DC DC
DC
1..3kW
DC DC
<100W DC
DC DC
3...20kW
DC DC
DC
DC
DC
LVDC or MVDC distrubution
Progress and looking into the same direction: 4 large constructors involved 2.4M social households 80% is owned by 7 cooperation's Grid operators involved
DC application
Greenhouses
Current OS Lowest decision density for change. (easy to setup) 100W/m² power density DC lighting 100W/m² Heat power generator Large space available for PV panels Large grid connection
DOE DC
Current DC case HM Solar greenpoint 715kW PV zonneweide
1.5MW PV
PR
DC
1.3MW Grow light
DC
DC PR
WOZ grens METER
10/ 20kVac
DNO
LVAC
LVAC
M -350Vdc
LVDC
METER
Bouvardia Vreeken 1,4MW HPS
CO 2
Warmte
WOZ grens 40..100%
GAS MOTOR 1,5MW
PR
+ 350Vdc
LVAC
Generator 400Vac
M -350Vdc
LVDC
500...1800rpm KANS !!
Vermogens regelaar PR
DC2
Kwh prijs
m 3 gas prijs
Licht vraag
Warmtevraag
Product prijs
GAS
Economische waarde m 2
DC
DC
SON-T
LED
optie
Lichtsterkte regelbaar
PR
3x400Vac 50Hz
MVAC
METER
MVAC
Controlled grow lights 1.4MW DC infrastructure 1.5MW Double use of converters Variable 1.5MW power gen set Next step to connect EV to grid
Gemeente Haarlemmermeer + 350Vdc
DC
DC
DC
DC Standards
Issues found TC64 (NEN1010)
AC hand writing and AC glasses textual issues
• Phase and Pole (need in chapter 7 a additional sub chapter redefinition in terms). • M and N (neutral) mismatch. • Connected means that current can flow for example a Neutral PE connection. • Warning about corrosion in grounded systems is noted • Mechanical disconnect (can become a conflict) • Wire color not clear yet (but close to be defined) • Safe voltage is only safe when power is limited. 120Vdc or 60Vdc
Conclusion
• A Guideline is needed to help to understand DC systems • Examples of installations • All cables can be used (but DC must be mentioned in the datasheet) • Discussion left about separation Mechanical versus Converter • But the NEC 64 is well written and we don’t expect big issues for DC that can block DC systems
DC in practice
What does this mean for installers
Tools for detecting voltage not depending on AC or DC Discussion (Light conducting shoes) Knowledge!!!!!! (Training becomes a must) Proper marking and labeling of cables or connection High attention in hybrid systems (AC and DC combined) We like to see a stronger definition of certification where people can work (not based on voltage but also based on energy level).
DC breakthrough
Future roadmap semiconductors
Data center >1MW X X X
Factory >1MW X X X
Ware house lighting X X X
Green house >1 MW X X X
Steet light Street light Domestic Hiroads X X X X X X
Solar System 10kW X X X
Power Solar park Watt/ mm2 Cu mg/ W 1m 2MW @ 6A/ mm2 @ 6A/ mm2 Can replace X 72 W 247/ +1817% X 144 W 124/ +858% X 288 W 61,8/ +379% -
400V
500V
X
X
X
X
X
+/ -300V
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
+/ - 350V
X
X
X
X
X
+/ - 380V
X
X
700V
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
760V
600V
X
X
X
X X X X X ©
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Future X X 2013 by Direct Current BV internet: www.directcurrent.eu
X X X X X X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
60V 110V 220V 300V 350V +/ - 190V 380V
900V 1000V +/ - 600V 1200V +/ - 700V 1400V
Wires no PE 2 2 2
Distance 1% drop @ 6A/ mm2 0,6 m 1,2 m 2,4 m 2,9 m
600Vdc
Office Heat Pump EV 100Wp on House DC 2/ 50kW 10/ 20kW DC X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
360 W
49,4/ +283%
-
2
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
660 W
27,0/ +109%
-
2
5,4 m
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1320 W
13,5/ +5%
230Vac 1ph
2
10,8 m
X
X
X
X
1800 W
9,9/ -23%
230Vac 1ph
2
14,7 m
X
X
X
2100 W
8,5/ -34%
230Vac 1ph
2
17,2 m
X
X
X
2280 W
11,7/ -9%
230Vac 1ph
3
18,6 m
X
X
X
2280 W
7,8/ -39%
230Vac 1ph
2
18,6 m
X
X
X
2400 W
7,4/ -43%
230Vac 1ph
2
19,6 m
X
3000 W
5,9/ -54%
-
2
24,5 m
X
3600 W
7,4/ -43%
-
3
29,4 m
X
3600 W
4,9/ -23%
400Vac 3ph
2
29,4 m
X
4200 W
6,4/ -51%
230Vac 1ph
3
34,3 m
X
4200 W
4,2/ -34%
400Vac 3ph
2
34,3 m
X
4560 W
5,9/ -55%
230Vac 1ph
3
37,3 m
X
4560 W
3,9/ -39%
400Vac 3ph
2
37,3 m
5400 W 6000 W 7200 W 7200 W 8400 W 8400 W 1380 W
3,3/ -49% 3,0/ -54% 3,7/ -42% 2,5/ -34% 3,2/ -51% 2,1/ -43% 12,9
400Vac 3ph 690Vac 3ph 400Vac 3ph 690Vac 3ph 230Vac 1ph
2 2 3 2 3 2 2
44,1 m 49,0 m 58,8 m 58,8 m 68,6 m 68,6 m 11,3 m
4157 W
6,4
400Vac 3ph
3
34,0 m
low voltage
7171 W
3,7
690Vac 3ph
3
58,6 m
limits
X X X X X X X X X X X X Author Harry Stokman EMerge Alliance Possible extension
X
X
X
Best range
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
Proposed standard by Direct Current BV Possible 300V/ 600V grids
X X X X
AC
Research done by Direct Current BV application versus voltage level.
USA
12V 24V 48V
House hybrid AC/ DC X X
IEC
DC
1500Vdc
What voltage?
DC voltage
Standard
Proposed DC system voltage
DC systems LVDC350V
LVDCB350V
Power direction
+350V 350Vdc SOURCE
Power direction
+350V 350Vdc SOURCE
M
700Vdc
M
350Vdc PE
PE -350V
Max. -20V +20V
PE
LVDC700V
+ 350V M Device Power direction
PE
LVDCB700V
+700V
+ 350V M Device
+ 350V M Device
+ 700V M Device
+ 700V M Device
+ 1400V M Device
Power direction
+700V 700Vdc
SOURCE
Max. -20V +20V
700Vdc 1400Vdc SOURCE
M
M 700Vdc
PE -700V
PE
PE -700V
Max. -20V +20V + 700V M Device
PE
Max. -20V +20V + 700V M Device
US proposal = ±190Vdc (380Vdc) floating grid (LVDC limitation 600Vdc) Some EU proposals are ±380Vdc (760Vdc) not scalable to ±760Vdc bypassing the 1500V border Finland ±700V..750Vdc
350Vdc level devices can be made 380Vdc compatible. But there is more definition needed to define an open system. DC grid codes to maintain safety
What we have achieved
DC is ready to end the war for once and for all
Green Deal with Dutch government DC faculty at TU Delft DC learning programs at the polytechnics DC in IEC standardization Proven DC works in public lighting Greenhouses ready for DC Development of Current/OS The Netherlands have a world leading role in DC Many large enterprises cooperate with our small SMA Create solutions to make the next step in a full electric world.
Toekomst
Eind stand
Wie gelooft dat DC een toekomst heeft? Wordt DC binnen 5 jaar dagelijkse activiteit? Gaat AC in het laagspanningsnet verdwijnen?
DC en nu verder
Wat is er voor jullie De markt is enorm!! Samen zijn we unstoppable Doe mee En help ons! Direct Current BV
www.directcurrent.eu www.gelijkstroom.nl We hebben een boek uitgegeven, deze is gratis te downloaden of in druk te koop
