DAFTAR PUSTAKA Ahmed, S., Anuntyo, J., Malemud, C. J., dan Haqqi, T. M., 2005, Review : Biological Basis for The Uses of Botanicals in Osteoarthritis dan Rheumatoid Arthtritis : A Review, Departement of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Cleveland, OH-44106-4946, USA.doi:10.1093/ecam/neh.117 Ajith, T.A., Ameliorating Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced in-vitro Lipid Peroxidation in Brain, Liver, Mitochondria and DNA Damage by Zingiber officinale Roscoe, 2010, Indian Jof Clin Biochem 25(1): 67–73 Akbari, J., 2006, Hasil Guna Ekstrak Jahe untuk Terapi Nyeri Neuropatik Spondyloarthritis, Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Saraf RS Dr. Sardjito, Tesis Universita Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Altman, R. D., dan Marcussen, K. C., 2001, Effects of a Ginger Extract on Knee Pain in Patients with Osteoarthritis, Arthritis & Rheumatism, 44 (11) :2531-2538 Altman, R., Bloch, D., Bole, G., Borenstein, D., Brandt, K., Christy, et al., 1986, article : Development of Criteria for the Clasification and Reporting of Osteoarthritis. Clasification of Osteoarthritis of the Knee, 29; 8 Arjmandi, BH., Khalil, DA., Lucas, EA., Smith, BJ., Sinichi, N., Hodges, SB., Juma, S., et al.,2004, Soy Ptotein May Alleviate Osteoarthritis Symptoms, Phytomedicines, 11 ( 7 – 8 ) ; 567 – 75 Ayacop, 2007, Chondroitin Sulfat, wikipedia, the free http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:chondroitin_sulfate.svg
encyclopedia,
Bachtiar, A., 2010, Pengaruh Ekstrak Jahe (Zingiber officinale) Terhadap Tanda dan Gejala Osteoartritis Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan di Puskesmas Pandanwangi Kota Malang, Tesis, Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Program Magister Ilmu Keperawatan, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Banerjee, S., and Mullick, H. I., 2011, Zingiber Officinale: A Natural Gold: Review Article Pharmacological International,Int J Pharm and Bio Sciences, 2; Issues 1 p.283 – 294 Belcaro, G., Cesarone, M.R., Dugall, M., Pellegrini, L., Ledda, A., Grossi, M.G.et a al., 2010, Efficacy and Safety of Meriva®, Curcumiphosphatodylcholin Complec, during Extended Adminsitration in Osteoarthritis patients, Alternative Medicine Review, 15 (4) : 337-344
68
Benjah, 2007, Glucosamine Structural, wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Glucosamine_Structural_Formulae_V.1. Svg Berenbaum, F., 2008, Osteoarthritis. In Klippel, JH., Stone, JH., Crofford, LJ., White, PH., editors.Pathology and Pathogenesis; Primer on the Reumatic Disease, Thirteenth Edition. New York : Springer Science And Bussines Media p.229-234 Bijlsma, J. W. J., Berenbaum F., Lafeber, F. P. J., 2011, Osteoarthritis 1: an Update with Relevance for Clinical Practice, pappers about arthritis, www.thelancet.com, 377;2115-2126 Black, C.D., Herring, M.P., Hurley, D.J., O'Connor, P.J..2010, Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Reduces Muscle Pain Caused by Eccentric Exercise, The Journal Pain, 11(9):894-903 Brett, W., 2007, Ginger: An Overview, Keck School of Medicine, University California, LA, American Family Physician, 75;17 Burke Anne., Smyth Emer., FitzGerald Garret A.,2006, Chapter 26. Analgesic – Antipyretic Agents ; Pharmacotherapy of Gout ; Goodmann and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics – 11th edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc New York - USA Cameron, M., Gagnier, J. J., Little, C. V., Parsons, T. J., Bluemle, A., Chrubasik, S., 2009, Evidence of Effectiveness of Herbal Medicinal Product in The Treatment of Arthtritis, Part. 1: Osteoarthritis National Institute for Health Research, Database of Abstract of Reviews of Effects (DARE),Centre for Review and Dissemination, University of New York Chan, F.K.L, M.D., Hung, L.C.T, M.D., Suen, B.Y, R.N., Wu, J.C.Y, M.D., Lee, K.C, Ph.D., Leung, V.K.S, M.D., 2002, Celecoxib Versus Diclofenac and Omeprazole in Reducing The Risk Of Recurrent Ulcer Bleeding in Patients With Arthritis, NEng JMed, 347 : 2104-2110 Cibere, J., Kopec, J.A., Thorne, A., Singer, J., Canvin, J., Robinson, D.B.,et al., 2004, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Glucosamine Discontinuation Trial in Knee Osteoarthritis, J Arthritis Rheum,51 : 738 – 745, Arthtritis Centre of Canada and University of British Columbia Clegg, D.O., Reda, D.J., Harris, C.L., Klein,M.A., O’Dell, J.R., Hopper., et al., 2006, Glucosamine, Chondroitin Sulfate, and The Two in Combination For Painfull Knee Osteoarthritis,NEng JMed, 354;795-808
69
Dahlan, S., 2011, Statistik Untuk Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, edisi ke-5 Penerbit Salemba Medika Jakarta Departemen Kesehatan R.I, 2006, Pharmaceutical Care untuk Pasien Penyakit Arthtritis Reumatik, Dirjen Bina Farmasi Komunitas dan Klinik , Ditjen Bina Kefarmasian dan Alkes, Jakarta Departemen Kesehatan R.I, 2009, Kepmenkes RI No. 261/Menkes/SK/IV/2009, Farmakope Herbal Indonesia, Edisi 1, p.34, Jakarta Devareddy, L, 2005, Soy Isoflavones May Reverse Bone Loss in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, Disertation Oklahoma State University Dieppe, P., 2008, Osteoarthritis B. Pathology and Pathogenesis; Primer on the Reumatic Disease, Thirteenth Edition. p.224-228, New York, London, springer Dipiro J.T., R.L. Talbert,G.C. Yee, G.R. Matzke, B.G. Wells, and L.M. Posey, 2008, Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, Seventh Edition, McGraw Hill Medical – New York EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2009, Scientific Opinion On The Substantion Of a Health Claim Related To Glucosamine Hydrochloride And Reduced Rate Of Cartilage Degeneration and Reduced Risk Of Development of Osteoarthritis Pursuant, Parma, Italy, EFSA 7 (10) ; 1358 Fauci, A.S., Braunwald, E., Kasper, D.L., Hauser, S.L., Longo, D.L., Jameson, J.L.,2008, Osteoarthritis : Introduction, Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 17th Edition, Mcgraww-Hill Company, New York, USA FDA (Food and Drug Administration, US), 2004, Letter Regarding The Relationship Between The Consumption of Crystalline Glucosamine, Reston, Virginia Felson, D.T., Zhang, Y., Hannan M.T.,1995, The Incidence and Natural History Of Knee Osteoarthritis in The Elderly : The Framingham Osteoarthritis Study. Arthritis Rheum., 38 : 1500 – 1505 Felson, D.T., Lawrence, R.C., Dieppe, P.A., Hirsch, R., Helmick, C.G., Jordan, J.M., et al., 2000, Osteoarthritis: New Insights. Part 1: The Disease and Its Risk Factors. Annals of International Medicines, 133: 635 – 646, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
70
Felson, D. T., 2006, Osteoarthritis of the Knee, Clinical Practice, N Eng J Med, 354 :841 Fine, P.G., Lesage, P., Lippe, P., Lipman, A.G., Portenoy, R.K., 2010, Pathophysiologi of Pain and Pain Assesment, Modul 1 Pain Management; American Medical Association, Continuing Medical Education Purdue Pharma L.P - Chicago Frondoza, C.G., Sohrabi, A., Polotsky, A., Phan, P.V., Hungerford, D.S., Lindmark, L., 2004, An in Vitro Screening Assay For Inhibitors Of Proinflammatory Mediators in Herbal Extracts Using Human Synoviocyte Culture. In Vitro Cell Dev.Biol.Anim, 40 : 95 - 101 Gould, D., 2001, Information Point: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), J Clin Nurs, 10 :706 Greene, R. J., dan Harris, N., 2008, Pathology And Therapeutics For Pharmacists, A Basis For Clinical Pharmacy Practice, Third Edition, Pharmaceutical Press, London, p. 49 – 54 Gruenwald,J., Brendler, T., Jaenicke, C., 2000, PDR for Herbal Medicines, Medical Economics Company, Montvale, New Jersey, USA Grzanna, R., Lindmark, L., Frondoza C.G., 2005, Ginger – An Herbal Medicinal Product With Broad Anti-Inflammatory Actions, J of Med Food ; 8 (2) : 125 -32 Haghigi, A., Tavalei, N., Owlia, M. B., 2006, Effect of Ginger on Primary Knee Osteoarthritis, IndianJRheum, 1:3-7 Hayani, 2006, Analisis Kandungan Kimia Rimpang Temulawak, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Temu Teknis Nasional, Tenaga Fungsional Pertanian, Bogor Henrotin, Y., Clutterbuck, A. L., Allaway, D., Lodwig, E. M., Harris, P., Hartert, M. M., Shakibaei, M., et al., 2010, Biological Actions of Curcumin on Articular Chondrocytes; Review Journal Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (Osteoarthritis Research Society International) Published by Elsevier, 18;02.141-149 Houpt,
J.B, Mc-Millan, R, Wein,C, Paget-Dellio S.D., 1999, Effect of Glucosamine Hydrochloride in The Treatment of Pain of Osteoarthritis of The Knee, J Rheum,11:2423-2430
Huhnra, 2009, wikipedia, the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chitosan2.jpg
free
encyclopedia,
71
Irwan, W.A., 2006, Budidaya Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L) Merill), Universitas Padjajaran – Bandung Jamil, M., Latifah, D. K., Nurliani, B., dan 2008, The Indonesian Heritage Jamu for Health and Beauty, p.3, Jakarta - Indonesia Jerosch, J., 2011, Effects Of Glucosamine And Chondroitin Sulfate On Cartilage Metabolism In Osteoarthritis ; Outlook On Other Nutrient Partners Especially Omega -3 Fatty Acids, InternationalJournalRheumatology; 969012. doi: 10.1155 Katzung, B.G., 2003, Section VI. Drug Used To Treat Disease Of The Blood, Inflammation and Gout, Chapter.36. Nonsteroid Anti Inflammation Drug’s, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 9th. Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, New York – USA Kertia, N., 2009, Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Kurkuminoid Ekstrak Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica): Kajian Klinis dan Laboratoris Pengaruhnya terhadap Respon Inflamasi di dalam Cairan Sinovial Sendi. Disertasi Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Kertia, N., Savitri, K.E., Purnomo, L.B., Asj’ari, S.R., Rahardjo, P., Asdie, A.H.,2003, How Strong Is The Contribution Of Inflammatory Process To The Clinical Sign Of Osteoarthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 62 (1) ; 479 Kertia, N., Sudarsono., Imono, A.D., Mufrod., Eny, C., Poerwono, R., 2005, Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Minyak Atsiri Temulawak dan Ekstrak Kunyit Dibandingkan dengan Piroksikan Terhadap Angka Leukosit Cairan Sendi Penderita dengan Osteoartritis Lutut, Majalah Farmasi Indonesia, 16 (3), 155 – 161 Kertia, N., Achadiono, D1234. N., Paraimaswari, A., Fadlilah, A. S., dan Harinawantara, H., 2011, Original Article : Majalah Obat Tradisional, Anti Inflamatory of Temulawak Activities of Temulawak, Ginger, Soybean and Shrimp Shell Extract in Combination Compared to Diclofenac Sodium (Ability in Reducing the Pain and Synovial Fluid Leucocyte Count of OA), Acta Int J Med, I(1) : 3 - 9 Klippel, J. H., 2010, A National Public Health Agenda for Osteoarthritis, p.1, New York, London, SpringerAnonim, 2005, Kongres Nasional Ikatan Reumatologi Indonesia VI, http://pemda-diy.go.id/berita, 10:21:40 Kongres Nasional Ikatan Reumatologi Indonesia VI, 2005,http://pemdadiy.go.id/berita, 10:21:40
72
Kraus, V.B., 1997., Pathogenesis and Treatment of Osteoarthritis, JMed Clin North Am, Pubmed 81(1):85-112 Kumirska,J., Weinhold, M.X., Sauvageau, J.C.M., Th¨oming, J., Kaczynski, Z., Stepnowski, P. 2008. Determination of the pattern of acetylation of low molecular weight chitosan used in biomedical applications.JPharm Biomed Anal. 50:587-590 Kurita, K., 2006, Chitin and Chitosan: Functional Biopolymers from Marine Crustaceans, JMacromol Biotechnol, 8(3):203-26 Langley, G. B., Sheppeard, H., 1985, The Visual Analogue Scale: It’s Use Pain Measurement, Rheumatology Clinical and Experimental investigation, JRheum Int, 5:4;p. 145-148 Leffler, C.T., Philippi, A.F., Leffler, S.G., Mosure, J.C., Kim, P.D.,1999, Glucosamine, Chondroitin, and Manganese Ascorbate for Degenerative Joint Disease of The Knee or Low Back: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study, Mil Med164(2):85-91 Ma, D.F., Qin,L.Q., Wang, P.Y., Katoh, R.,2008, Soy Isoflavone Intake Inhibits Bone Resorption And Stimulates Bone Formation in Menopausal Women : Meta – Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, Eur J Clin Nutr62(2): 155-161 Maharani, E.P, 2007, Faktor Resiko Osteoartritis Lutut (Studi Kasus di Rumah Sakit Dokter Kariadi Semarang), Program Studi Magister Epidemiologi Program Pascasarjana, Tesis, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang Majeti, N.V and Kumar, 2000, A Review Of Chitin and Chitosan Applications, Reac And Funct Polym 46 ; 1 -27 March, L. M., dan Bagga, H., 2004, Bone and Joint Disorders : Prevention and Control Epidemiology of Osteoarthritis in Australia, Med J Aust 180; S6 – S10 Mark, E., 2007, Module 1 Pain Management Pathophysiology of Pain and Pain Assessment; p. 4 – 19, CME program for American Medical Association, Multimedia Continuing Medical Education Chicago Merskey, H and Bogduk N., 1994, Part III : Pain Terms, A Current List With Definitions And Notes On Usage. In H. Merskey And N. Bogduk (Eds.), Classification of Chronic Pain, Second Edition.IASP Task Force on Taxonomy, P. 209 – 214. Seattle, WA : IASP Press
73
Musanif, J., Darusman, K.L., Bermawi, N., 2008, The Indonesia Heritage Jamu For Health And Beauty, p. 13, Director of Agriculture Product Processing Jakarta – Indonesia Noble, B., Clark, D., Meldrum, M., Have, H., Seymour, J., Winslon, M., dan Paz, S., 2005, The Measurement of Pain, J Pain Symptom Manage, 29; 1 Oliveria, S. A.,Felson, D. T., dan Reed, J. l., 1995, Incidence of Symptomatic Hand, Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis among Patients in a Health Maintenance Organization, J Arthritis Rheum, 38; 1134-1141. Pabon, H.J.J.,1964, A Syntesis of Curumin and Related Compounds. Rec.Trav.Chim. Pays – Bas, 83 : 379-386 Paul, D., Lohmander, dan Stefan, L., 2005, Pathogenesis and Management of Pain in Osteoarthritis, Journal Lancet, 365; 965 Pavelka, K. MD., Gatterova, J., Olejarova, M., Machacek, S., Giacovelli, G., Rovati, L.C., 2002, Glucosamine Sulphate Use and Delay of Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis A 3-Year, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-blind Study, JAMA 162:2113-2123 Qiu, G.X., Gao, S.N., Giacovelli, G., Rovati, L., Setnikar, I.,1998, Efficacy and Safety of Glucosamine Sulfate Versus Ibuprofen in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis, J Arzneimittel - Forschung, 48(5):469-74 Reginster, J.Y., Deroisy, R., Rovati, L.C., Lee, R.L., Lejeune, E., Bruyere, O., et al., 2001, Long-term Effects of Glucosamine Sulphate on Osteoarthritis Progression : A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial, Journal Lancet, 357:251-256 Safitriani,. 2005, Potensi Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) sebagai Sumber Antioksidan Alami, Tesis, Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Perkebunan, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Sampurno, 2004, InformasiTemulawakIndonesia, BPOM, Republik Indonesia, Jakarta Sandell, L. J., dan Aigner, T., 2001, Review : Articular Cartilage and Changes in Arthritis an Introduction : Cell Biology of Osteoarthritis, Vol. 3; 107-113, http//arthritis-research.com/content/3/2/107 Sharma, L., 2008, Osteoarthritis B. Pathology and Pathogenesis; Primer on the Reumatic Disease, Thirteenth Edition. p.235-240, New York, London, Springer
74
Sastroasmoro, S, Dr.DR.Prof dan Ismail, S, Dr.Prof, 2011, Perkiraan Besar Sampel, Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis, Edisi ke-4, p. 359, Sogung Seto, Jakarta Singh, D., Saraf, S., Saraf., Rawat, M., 2006, Review ; Isoflavones A Natural Substitute For Postmenopausal Management, 4:1, Institute Of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Soeroso, J., Isbagio, H., Kalim, H ., Broto, R., Pramudiyo, R., 2006, Osteoartritis, Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, 4th Ed. Jakarta ; Pusat Penerbitan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran Indonesia. P. 1195 – 201 Srikulmontree, T, MD., 2012, Review : American College of Rheumatology Communications and Education Foundation Srivastava K.C., and Mustafa, T., 1989, Ginger (Zingiberofficinale) and Rheumatic Disorders, Med Hypotheses, 2501634 ; 29 (1) ; 25 – 8, Department of Enviromental Medicine, Odense University, Denmark Steoppler, M. C., 2008, Your Knee Pain : Is It Chondromalacia?, Article MedicineNet.com, http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=43529. Synowiecki, J and Al-Khateeb, 2003, Production, Properties and Some New Applications Of Chitin and Derivates, Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr ; 43(2):145-71 Towheed, T.E., Maxwell L, Anastassiades,T.P., Shea B, Houpt, J, Robinson V, et al., 2005, Glucosamine Therapy For Threating Osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2:CD002946, Pubmed US Usha, P.R., and Naidu, N.R., 2004, Randomised, Double-Blind, Parallel, PlaceboControlled Study of Oral Glucosamine, Methylsulfonylmethane and their Combination in Osteoarthritis, Clin Drug Invest24(6):353-63 Wahyuni, S., 2009,. Peran Isoflavon Kedelai (Glycinne max,L.Merr), Naskah Publikasi Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Wang, S.X., Laverty, S., Dumitriu, M., Plaas, A., Grynpas, M.D., 2007, The Effects of Glucosamine Hydrochloride On Subchondral Bone Changes in an Animal Model of Osteoarthritis, JArthr Rheum.56(5):1537-1548 World Health Organization, 2013, Obesity and Overweight, diakses online pada 13 Mei 2013 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
75
White, B, M.D., 2007, Ginger An Overview, Am Fam PhysicianJ75 :11. Williams GW. 2004. Osteoarthritis and Treatment: What You Need to Know. In The American Council of Science and Health. http://www.acsh.org/ publications/pubid.190/pub_detail.asp. [13 Mei 2013] Zhang, X., 2011, Proteomic Analysis Of The Chondrocyte Cell Surface, Research Project, Thesis Submitted to the University of Nottingham for the Degree of Master of Research
76
