99
DAFTAR PUSTAKA Aber, J., W. McDowell, K. Nadelhoffer, A. Magill, G. Berntson, M. Kamakea, S. McNulty, W. Currie, L. Rustad, and I. Fernandez. 1998. Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems: Hypotheses revisited. Bioscience 48: 921-934. Agustini, M., S. Nurisyah, Y.C. Sulistyaningsih. 1999. Identifikasi ciri arsitektur dan kerapatan stomata 25 jenis pohon suku Leguminosae untuk elemen lanskap tepi jalan. Bul Taman dan Lanskap Indonesia 2: 2-6. Ammann, M, P. Von Ballmoos, M. Stalder, M. Suter, and C. Brunold. 1995. Uptake and assimilation of atmospheric NO2-N by spruce needles (Picea abies): a field study. Water, Air, Soil Pollut 85: 1497-1502. Apriyantono, A., D. Fardiaz, N.L. Puspitasari, Sedarnawati, S. Budiyanto. 1989. Analisis Pangan. Bogor: IPB. Armburst, D.V. 1986. Effect of particulate (dust) on cotton growth, photosynthesis, and respiration. Agron J 78: 1078-1081. Arnon 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast: polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24:1-15. [Bapedal] Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan. 1999. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara. [BPLHD] Badan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Jakarta. 2005. Laporan Kualitas Udara DKI Jakarta. [terhubung berkala]. http://bplhd.jakarta.go.id/ispu_all.htm [17 Agustus 2005]. Barnes, R. I. 1972. Effect of chronic exposure to ozone on photosynthesis and respiration of pines. Environ. Pollut 3: 133-138. Barnett, G. A., G. H. Neller, T. L. Best, A. L. Petroeschevsky, and R. W. Simpson. Air pollution and child respiratory health. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171: 1272-1278. Benitez, J. 1993. Process Engineering and Design for Air Pollution Control. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Benneth J. H. and A. C. Hill. 1973. Inhibition of apparent photosynthesis by air pollutants. J Environ Qual 2: 526-530 Böhm, F., R. Edge, D. J. Mc-Garvey, and T. G. Truscott. 1998. β-Caroteen with vitamin E and C offers synergistic cell protection againts NOx. FEBS Lett 436: 387-389.
100
Brauer, M., G. Hoek, P. V. Vielt, K. Mellefste, P. H. Fisher, A. Wijga, L. P. Koopman, H. J. Neijens, J. Geritsen, M. Kerkhof, J. Heinrich, T. Bellander, and B. Brunekreef. 2002. Air pollution from traffic and the development of respiratory infections and asthmatic and allergic symptoms in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166: 1092-1098. Canter, L. W., D. H. F. Liu, R. K. Raufer, and C. P. Wagner. 2000. Pollutants: Sources, Effects, and Dispersion Modelling. Di dalam: Liu, D.L.H. and B. G.Lipták. 2000. editor. Air Pollution. London: Lewis. Carter G.A. and A. K. Knapp. 2001. Leaf optical properties in higher plants: linking spectral characteristics to stress and chlorophyll concentration. Am J Bot 88: 677-684. Carter, G.A., D.A. Spiering. 2002. Optical properties intact leaf for estimating chlorophyll concentration. J Environ Qual 31:1424-1432. Castro, A., I. Stulen, F. S. Posthumus, L. J. Kok de. 2006. Changes in growth and nutrient uptake in Brassica oleraceae exposed to atmospheric ammonia. Ann Bot 97: 121-131. Choi, J. H., Q. S. Xu, S. Y. Park, J. H. Kim, S. S. Huang, K. H. Lee, H. J. Lee, and J. C. Hong. 2007. Seasonal variation on effect of air pollution on blood pressure. J Epidemiol Community Health 61: 314-318. Conklin P. L., S. A. Sarraco, S. R. Norris, R. L. Last. 2000. Identification of ascorbic acid-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. Genetics 154: 847856. Crutzen, P. J. 1995. Ozone in the troposphere. Di dalam: Gasche R and Papen H. 2002. Spatial variability of NO and NO2 flux rates from soil of spruce and beech forest ecosystems. Plant Soil 240 : 67-76. Dahlan, E. N. 1995. Effects of Air Pollutants on Plant Leaves. Final Report for Osaka Gas Foundation. Bogor: IPB. Delaney, C., P. Dowding. The relationship between extreme nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentration in Dublin’s atmosphere and meteorological conditions. Di dalam: Sokhi, R. S., editor. Urban Air Quality Monitoring and Modelling. Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on Urban Air Quality: Monitoring and Modelling, University of Hertforshire, Hatfield, UK, 11-12 Juli 1996. Kluwer Academic. 1998. p159-172. [EPA] Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. NOx: What it is? Where does it come from? [terhubung berkala].http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/nox/what.html. [5 September 2008].
101
Farquhar, G. D., P. M. Pirth, R.Wetselaar, and B. Weir. 1980. On the gaseous exchange of ammonia between leaves and the environment: determination of the ammonia compensation point. Plant Physiol 66: 710-714. Fitter, A. H. and R. K. M. Hay. 1994. Fisiologi Lingkungan Tanaman. Andani, S. dan E. D.Purbayanti, penerjemah; Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada Univ. Press. Terjemahan dari: Physiology of Plant. Flores, T. F. J., S. E. M. Munoz, and B. O. Morquecho. 1999. Uptake of chromium and lead by alfalfa and orchad grass. Agrociencia 9 :381-388. Foyer, C. H. and G. Noctor. 2005. Redox homeostatis and antioxidant signaling: a metabolic interface between stress perception and physiological responses. Plant Cell 17: 1866-1875. Godish, T. 1991. Air Quality. Di dalam: Liu, D.L.H., B. G.Lipták .2000. editor. Air Pollution. London: Lewis Gorham, R. 2002. Air Pollution from Ground Transportation. United Nations. Gorrissen, A. and J. A. van Veen. 1988. Temporary disturbance of translocation of assimilates in Douglas Fir caused by low levels of ozone and sulfur dioxide. Plant Physiol 88: 569-563. Gupta, G. and R. Narayanan. 1992. Nitrogen fixation in soybean treated with nitrogen dioxide and molybdenum. J Environ Qual 21: 46-48. Heggestad, H. E. and W. W. Heck. 1971. Nature, Extent, and Variation of Plant Response to Air Pollutants. Di dalam: Brady, N.C., editor. Advances in Agronomy. Vol 23. New York: Academic Pr. Hartogensis, P. 1977. Atmospheric Pollution. Int.Ins.for Hydrolics and Civil Engineering 1-47. Hartung, W., J. W. Radin, and D. L. Hendrix. 1988. Absisic acid movement into the apoplastic solution of water stressed cotton leaves. Plant Physiol 86: 908-913. Jensen, E. S. and K. Pilegaard. 1993. Absorption of nitrogen by barley in open – top chambers. New Phytol 12: 359-364. Kim, J. J., S. Smorodinsky, M. Lipsett, B. C. Singer, A. T. Hodgson, and B. Ostro. 2004. Traffic-related air pollution near busy roads. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170: 520-526. Knudson, L. L., T. W. Tibbits, and G. E. Edwards. 1977. Measurement of ozone unjury by determination of leaf chlorophyll concentration. Plant Physiol 60: 606-608.
102
Kusnoputranto, H. 1996. Dampak Pencemaran Udara dan Air Terhadap Kesehatan dan Lingkungan. Jurnal Lingkungan dan Pembangunan 16: 210-224. Lambers, H., F. S. Chapin III, T. L. Pons. 1998. Plant Physiological. New York: Springer Publishing. Langebartels, C., H. Wohlgemuth, S. Kschieschhan, S. Gruen, and H. Sandermann. 2002. Oxidative burts and cell death in ozone-exposed plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 40: 567-575. Larcher W. 1995. Physiological Plant Ecology. 3th ed. Berlin: Springer Publishing. Legge, A.H.and S.V. Krupa. 1990. Acidic deposition: Sulphur and Nitrogen Oxides. New York: Lewis Leshem,Y.Y. 1996. Nitric oxide in biologycal systems. Plant Growth Regulation 18: 155-169. Leshem,Y. Y., R. B. H. Wills, and V. V. V. Ku. 1998. Evidence for the function of the free radical gas nitric oxide (NO) as an endogenous maturation and senesence regulating factor in higher plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 36: 825-833. Loewus, F. A. 1999. Biosynthesis and metabolism of ascorbic acid in plants and an analogs of ascorbic acid in fungi. Phytochemistry 52: 193-210. Loewus, F. A. and M. W. Loewus. 1987. Biosynthesis and metabolism of Lascorbic acid in plants. Crit Rev Plant Sci 5: 101-119. Magnus, P., P. Nafstad, L. Øie, K. C. L. Carlsen, G. Becher, J. kongerud, K. H. Karlsen, S. O. Samuelsen, G. Botten, and L. S. Bakketeig. 1998. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide and the occurrence of bronchial obstruction in children below 2 years. Int J Epidemiol 27: 995-999. Malhotra, S. S. and A. A. Khan. 1984. Biochemical and Physiological Impact of Mayor Pollutants. Di dalam: Threshow, M. editor. Air Pollution and Plant Life. New York : J Willey. Mansfield, T. A. 2002. Nitrogen oxides: old problems and new challenges. Di dalam: Bell, J. N. B. and M. Treshow. Editor. Air Pollution and Plant Life. 2nd ed. Chicester: J Wiley. Marsh, W. M. 1991. Landscape Planning, Environmental Application. Ed. Ke-2. New York: J Willey.
103
Marschner, H. 1995. Academic Pr.
Mineral nutrition in higher plants.
2nd ed. London:
Mc Kersie, B. D. and Y. Y. Leshem. 1994. Stress and Stress Coping in Cultivated Plants. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. Morgenten, V., A. Zutavern, J. Cyrys, I. Brockow, U. Gehring, S. Koletzko, C. P. Bauer, P. Reindhardt, H. E. Wichmann, J. Heinrich. 2007. Respiratory health and individual estimated exposure to traffic-related air pollutants in a cohort of young children. Occup Environ Med 64: 8-16. Naess, Ø., P. Nafstad, G. Aamodt, B. Glaussen, and P. Rosland. 2007. Relation between concentration of air pollution cause specific mortality four year exposores to nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter pollutants in 470 neighborhoods in Oslo, Norway. Am J Epidemiol 165: 435-443. Nasrullah, N., T. Hideki, and A. Misawa. 1994. Effect of roadside planting and road structures on NO2 concentration near road. Jpn J Toxicol Environ Health 40: 328-337. Nasrullah, N. 1997. Studi Kemampuan Tanaman Jalan Raya dalam Menyerap Polusi Udara (NO2).[laporan riset]. Riset Unggulan Terpadu III, Bidang Teknologi Lingkungan, Tahun 1995-1997. Jakarta: Dewan Riset Nasional, Kantor Menteri Riset dan Teknologi. Nishimura, H., T. Hayamishu, and Y. Yanasigawa. 1986. Reduction of NO2 to NO by rush and other Plants. Environ Sci Technol 20: 413-416. Noctor, G. and C. H. Foyer. 1998. Ascorbate and gluthatione: keeping active oxygen under control. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 49: 249279. Nugrahani, P. 2005. Faktor Fisiologis Tanaman yang Menentukan Serapan Polutan Gas NO2 dan Nilai Visual Jalur Hijau Jalan Kota Surabaya. [Tesis] Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Sekolah Pascasarjana. Oglesby, L. B., C. Schindler, M. E. H. von-Arx, C. B. Fahrländer, D. Keidel, R. Rapp, O. Braendli, L. Burdet, L. J. S. Liu, P. Leunberger, U. A. Liebrich. 2006. Living near main streets and respiratory symptoms in adults. Am J Epidemiol 164: 1190-1198. Okano, K., T. Machida, T. Totsuka. 1988. Absorption of atmospheric NO2 by several herbaceous species-estimation by the 15N dilution method. New Phytol 109: 203-210. Oke, T. 1978. Boundary Layer Climates. London: Methuen & Co
104
Pandey, J. and M. Agrawal. 1994. Evaluation of air pollution phytotoxicity in seasonally dry tropical urban environment using three woody perennials. New Phytol 126: 53-64. Pandia, S.A., Husin, dan Z. Masyithah. 1995. Depdikbud.
Kimia Lingkungan. Jakarta.
Patra, A. D. 2002. Faktor Tanaman dan Faktor Lingkungan yang Mempengaruhi Kemampuan Tanaman dalam Menyerap Polutan Gas NO2. [Tesis] Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Sekolah Pascasarjana. Pell, E. J. and E. Brennan. 1973. Changes in respiration, photosynthesis, adenosine 5-triphospate and total adenylate content of ozonated Pinto Bean foliage as they relate to symptom expression. Plant Physiol 51: 378381. Piechalak, A., B. Tomaszewska, D. Baralkiewicz, and A. Malecka. 2002. Accumulation and detoxification of lead ions in legumes. Phytochemistry 60 (2) : 153-162. Ratcliffe, D. and A. Beeby. 1980. Differential accumulation of lead in living and decaying grass on roadside verges. Environ Poll 23 : 279-286. Rennenberg, H., A. Geßler. 1999. Consequences of N deposition to forest acosystems –recent result and future research needs. Water Air Soil Pollut 116: 47-64. Rogers, H. H. and V.P. Aneja. 1980. Uptake of atmospheric ammonia by selected plant species. Environ Exp Bot 20: 251-257. Rowland, A. J. 1986. Nitrogen uptake, assimilation and transport in barley in the presence of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide. Plant Soil 91: 353-356. Rowland, A. J., M. C. Drew, Wellburn. 1987. Foliar entry and incorporation of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide into barley plants of different nitrogen status. New Phytol 107: 357-371. Rowland-Bamford, A. J. and M. C. Drew. 1988. The influence of plant nitrogen status on NO2 uptake, NO2 assimilation and on the gas exchange characteristics of barley plants exposed to atmospheric NO2. J Exp Bot 9: 1287-1297. Saeni, M.S. 1989. Kimia Lingkungan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Salisbury, F. B. and C.W. Ross. 1995. Fisiologi Tumbuhan. Lukman, D.R. dan Sumaryono, penerjemah; Bandung: Penerbit ITB. Terjemahan dari: Plant Physiology.
105
Santosa, I. 2005. Model Penyebaran Pencemar Udara dari Kendaraan Bermotor Menggunakan Metode Volume Terhingga: Studi Kasus Kota Bogor.[Disertasi] Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Sekolah Pascasarjana. Saxe, H. 1986. Stomatal-dependent and stomatal-independent uptake of NOx. New Phytol 1986: 199-205. Schnelle, K. B. and P. R. Dey, 2000. Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling Compliance Guide. New York: Mc Graw-Hill. Schultz, J.A.M. 1994. Urban Wet Deposition Nitrate : A comparison to Non – Urban Deposition. Water, Air Soil Poll 73: 83-93. Sekiya, J., L.G. Wilson, and P. Filner. 1982. Resistance to injury by sulfur dioxide. Plant Physiol 70: 437- 441. Shannon, M. W., D. Best, H. J. Binns, C. L. Johnson, J. J. Kim, L. J. Mazur, D. W. Reynolds, J. P. Roberts, W. B. Weil, and S. J. Balk. 2004. Ambient air pollution: health hazards to children. Pediatric 114: 1699-1707. Shimazaki, K, S. W. Yu, T. Sakaki, and K. Tanaka. 1992. Differences between spinach and kidney bean plants in term of sensitivity to fumigation of NO2. Plant Cell Physiol 33: 252-267. Singh, S. N. 1980. Synergistic action of particulate and gaseous pollutants on growth of Triticum aestivum L. J Exp Bot 31:1701-1705. Singh, S. K. , D. N. Rao, M. Agrawal, J. Pandey, and D. Narayan. 1991. Air Pollution Tolerance Index of Plant. J. Environ Mgmt 32: 45-55. Smirnoff, N. 1996. The function and metabolism ascorbic acid in plants. Ann Bot 78: 661-669. Smirnoff, N., G. L. Wheeler. 2000. Ascorbic acid in plants: biosynthesis and function. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 35: 291 -314. Spierings, F. H .F. G. 1971. Influence of fumigations with NO2 on growth and yield of tomato plants. Eur J Plant Pathol 77: 194-200. Srivastava, H. S. and D. P. Ormrod. 1998. Effects of nitrogen dioxide and nitrate nutrition on growth and nitrate assimilation in bean leaves. 1984. Plant Physiol 74: 418-423. Stöhr, C., W. R. Ulrich. 2002. Generation and possible roles of NO in plant roots and their apoplastic space. J Exp Bot 53: 2293-2303. Strauss,W. and S. J. Mainwaring. 1984. Air Pollution. London: Edward Arnold.
106
Sutton, O. G. 1953. Micrometeorology. New York: Mc Graw-Hill. Takeuchi, Y., J. Nihira, N. Kondo, and T. Tezuka. 1985. Change in nitratereducing activity in squash seedling with NO2 fumigation. Plant Cell Physiol 26: 1027-1035. Taiz, L.and E. Zeiger. 2002. Plant Physiology. 3rd. ed. Masschusetts: Sinauer Pub. Taylor, O.C., C. R. Thompson, D. T.T ingey, and R. A. Reinart. 1995. Formation of Nitrogen Oxides. Di dalam: Mudd, J.B., Kozlowski, T.T. editor. Respons of Plant to Air Pollution. New York: Academic Pr. Teklemarian, T. A. and J. D. Sparks. 2006. Leaf fluxes of NO and NO2 in four herbaceous plant species: The role of ascorbic acid. Atmospheric Environ 40: 2235-2244 Thoene, B., H. Rennenberg, and P. Weber. 1996. Absorption of atmospheric NO2 by spruce (Picea abies) trees. New Phytol 134: 257-266. Timonen, K. L. and J. Pekkanen. 1997. Air pollution and respiratory health among children with asthmatic or cough symtomps. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156: 546-552. Udayana, C. 2004. Toleransi Spesies Pohon Tepi Jalan Terhadap Pencemaran Udara di Simpangsusun Jakarta (Jakarta Interchange) Cawang, Jakarta Timur. [Tesis] Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Sekolah Pascasarjana. Vesilind, P. A., J. J. Peirce, and R. F.Weiner. 1994. Environmental Engineering. Third ed. Boston: Butterworth Heinemann. Weber, P. and H. Rennenberg. 1996. Exchange of NO and NO2 between wheat canopy monoliths and the atmosphere. Plant Soil 180: 197-208. Wellburn, A. R. 1990. Atmospheric nitrogenous compounds and ozon- is NOx fixation by plants a possible solution? New Phytol 139: 5-9. Wilmer, C.M. 1983. Stomata. London: Longman. Yoneyama, T. H. Sasakawa, S. Ishituka, and T. Totsuka. 1979. Absorption of atmospheric NO2 by plants and soils. II. Nitrite accumulation, nitrite reductase activity and diurnal change of NO2 absorption in leaves. Soil Sci Plant Nutrition 25: 267-275. Zee, S.C. van der, G. Hoek, M. H. Boezen, J. P. Schouten, J. H. van Wijnen , B. Brunekreef. 2000. Acute effects of air pollution on respiratory health of 50-70 yr old adults. Eur Respir J 15: 700-709.
107
LAMPIRAN
108
Lampiran 1. Profil vegetasi
Keterangan: No 1, 2, 3, 4 ..............................
Nama jenis Paraserianthes falcataria
Profil vegetasi pada plot tempat terbuka (Skala 1:200)
Keterangan: No Nama jenis 1, 9, 16, 20, 26, 29, 38...................................................... Gmelina arborea 2, 3, 4, 8, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40............................................. Musa paradisiaca 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28, 36, 37, Manihot esculenta 12, 13, 23, 24 ............................................................. ... Bougainvillea spectabilis
Profil vegetasi pada plot vegetasi G. arborea (Skala 1: 200)
109
Lampiran 2. Hasil analisis ragam serapan 15N per bobot kering daun Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 105.524
Kuadrat tengah 105.524
F hitung
PrF
172.69
0.0002
Galat (a)
4
2.444
0.611
Tanaman
7
1018.631
145.519
154.06
0.0001
Kondisi *Tanaman
7
760.761
108.680
115.06
0.0001
Galat (b)
28
26.447
0.944
Total terkoreksi
47
1913.808
Lampiran 3. Hasil uji lanjut interaksi kondisi percobaan dan jenis tanaman terhadap total 15N per bobot kering daun Total 15 N per bobot kering (µg g -1) daun Jenis tanaman
Terkontrol
Semilapang
P. indicus
6.78 fgh
8.28 cde
L. speciosa
9.42 d
4.90 i
C. sumatrana
5.28 hi
2.42 j
D. regia
11.22 c
G. arborea
27.47 a
21.19 b 6.79 fgh
C. burmanii
8.58 de
4.95i
S. macrophylla
7.14 efg
4.87 i
M. elengi
7.22 efg
5.98 ghi
Lampiran 4. Hasil analisis ragam serapan 15N per luas daun Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 3.887
Kuadrat tengah 3.887
F hitung
PrF
18.65
0.0125
Galat (a)
4
0.833
0.208
Tanaman
7
47.493
6.784
28.71
0.0001
Kondisi *Tanaman
7
45.299
6.471
27.39
0.0001
Galat (b)
28
6.616
0.236
Total terkoreksi
47
104.129
110
Lampiran 5. Hasil uji lanjut interaksi kondisi percobaan dan jenis tanaman terhadap total serapan 15N per luas daun Total 15 N per luas daun (µg dm-2) daun Jenis tanaman
Terkontrol
Semilapang
P. indicus
1.83 gh
2.92 cdef
L. speciosa
3.29 bcd
2.13 efg
C. sumatrana
2.05 fg
1.12 h
D. regia
2.72 cdefg
6.03 a
G. arborea
5.89 a
1.95 gh
C. burmanii
3.58 bc
2.49 defg
S. macrophylla
2.98 cde
2.36 efg
M. elengi
5.22 a
4.11 b
Lampiran 6. Hasil analisis ragam alokasi 15 N pada daun Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 96.588
Kuadrat tengah 96.588
Galat (a)
4
2.191
0.548
Tanaman
7
949.098
Kondisi *Tanaman
7
Galat (b) Total terkoreksi
F hitung
PrF
176.30
0.0002
135.585
129.03
0.0001
691.321
98.760
93.98
0.0001
28
29.243
1.051
47
1768.622
Lampiran 7. Hasil analisis ragam persentase 15N pada daun Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 22.441
Kuadrat tengah 22.441
Galat (a)
4
27.271
6.818
Tanaman
7
202.871
Kondisi *Tanaman
7
Galat (b) Total terkoreksi
F hitung
PrF
3.29
0.1438
28.892
6.51
0.0001
75.888
10.841
2.43
0.0442
28
124.748
4.455
47
453.219
111
Lampiran 8. Hasil analisis ragam alokasi 15 N pada batang Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 0.093
Kuadrat tengah 0.093
Galat (a)
4
0.023
0.006
Tanaman
7
0.412
Kondisi *Tanaman
7
Galat (b) Total terkoreksi
F hitung
PrF
16.07
0.0160
0.059
14.01
0.0001
0.522
0.075
17.75
0.0001
28
0.118
0.004
47
1.168
Lampiran 9. Hasil analisis ragam persentase 15N pada batang Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 2.741
Kuadrat tengah 2.741
Galat (a)
4
4.395
1.099
Tanaman
7
4.542
Kondisi *Tanaman
7
Galat (b) Total terkoreksi
F hitung
PrF
2.49
0.1894
0.649
0.41
0.8888
4.655
0.665
0.42
0.8823
28
44.464
1.588
47
60.798
Lampiran 10. Hasil analisis ragam alokasi 15 N pada akar Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 0.002
Kuadrat tengah 0.002
Galat (a)
4
0.016
0.004
Tanaman
7
0.839
Kondisi *Tanaman
7
Galat (b) Total terkoreksi
F hitung
PrF
0.55
0.4977
0.120
5.53
0.0004
0.350
0.050
2.31
0.0545
28
0.607
0.022
47
1.815
112
Lampiran 11. Hasil analisis ragam persentase 15N pada akar Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 30.496
Kuadrat tengah 30.496
Galat (a)
4
5.045
1.261
Tanaman
7
174.087
Kondisi *Tanaman
7
Galat (b) Total terkoreksi
F hitung
PrF
24.18
0.0079
24.869
10.17
0.0001
68.967
9.852
4.03
0.0036
28
68.478
2.446
47
347.072
Lampiran 12. Hasil analisis ragam laju pertambahan tinggi relatif Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 0.00004
Kuadrat tengah 0.00004
Galat (a)
4
0.00005
0.00001
Tanaman
7
0.00661
Kondisi *Tanaman
7
Galat (b) Total terkoreksi
F hitung
PrF
2.91
0.1632
0.00094
44.01
0.0001
0.00010
0.00001
0.70
0.6729
28
0.00060
0.00002
47
0.00742
Lampiran 13. Analisis lanjut laju pertambahan tinggi tanaman Jenis tanaman P. indicus
Laju pertambahan tinggi tanaman (PTR)
L. speciosa
0.007 a
C. sumatrana
0.006 a
D. regia
0.014 a
G. arborea
0.013 a
C. burmanii
0.006 a
S. macrophylla
0.015a
M. elengi
0.003 b
0.042 a
113
Lampiran 14. Hasil analisis ragam luas daun minggu ke-14 tanaman kontrol dan terpolusi Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat Jumlah bebas kuadrat 1 6916.910
Kuadrat tengah 6916.910
F hitung
PrF
17.18
0.0143
Galat (a)
4
1610.812
402.703
Tanaman
6
54581.976
9096.996
17.15
0.0001
Kondisi *Tanaman
6
6024.494
1004.082
1.89
0.1234
Galat (b)
24
12730.645
530.435
Total terkoreksi
41
81864.645
Lampiran 15. Hasil analisis ragam luas spesifik daun tanaman kontrol dan terpolusi Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 308.235
Kuadrat tengah 308.235
F hitung
PrF
1.66
0.2675
Galat (a)
4
744.274
186.069
Tanaman
6
3403663.908
567277.318
1498.42
0.0001
Kondisi *Tanaman
6
120826.768
20137.795
53.19
0.0001
Galat (b)
24
9086.035
Total terkoreksi
41
3534629.221
378.585
Lampiran 16. Hasil analisis ragam RGR berdasarkan luas daun dari 8 jenis tanaman jalur hijau jalan Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 0.008
Kuadrat tengah 0.008
F hitung
PrF
17.85
0.0134
Galat (a)
4
0.002
0.001
Tanaman
6
0.069
0.011
38.16
0.0001
Kondisi *Tanaman
6
0.018
0.003
9.92
0.0001
Galat (b)
24
0.007
0.001
Total terkoreksi
41
0.103
114
Lampiran 17. Hasil analisis ragam asam askorbat total daun dari 8 jenis tanaman jalur hijau jalan Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 3.270
Kuadrat tengah 3.270
F hitung
PrF
4.60
0.1653
Galat (a)
2
1.423
0.712
Tanaman
7
689.656
98.522
90.66
0.0001
Kondisi *Tanaman
7
13.196
1.885
1.73
0.1801
Galat (b)
14
15.214
1.087
Total terkoreksi
31
722.760
Lampiran 18 Hasil analisis ragam klorofil total daun dari 8 jenis tanaman jalur hijau jalan Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 0.151
Kuadrat tengah 0.151
F hitung
PrF
5.88
0.1361
Galat (a)
2
0.051
0.025
Tanaman
7
15.387
2.198
50.83
0.0001
Kondisi *Tanaman
7
0.359
0.051
1.18
0.3711
Galat (b)
14
0.605
0.043
Total terkoreksi
31
16.554
Lampiran 19. Hasil analisis ragam kadar air daun dari 8 jenis tanaman jalur hijau jalan Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 78.156
Kuadrat tengah 78.156
F hitung
PrF
71.68
0.0137
Galat (a)
2
2.180
1.090
Tanaman
7
865.529
123.647
26.60
0.0001
Kondisi *Tanaman
7
60.626
8.661
1.86
0.1524
Galat (b)
14
65.085
4.649
Total terkoreksi
31
1071.577
115
Lampiran 20. Hasil analisis ragam pH ekstrak daun dari 8 jenis tanaman jalur hijau jalan Sumber keragaman Kondisi
Derajat bebas 1
Jumlah kuadrat 0.361
Kuadrat tengah 0.361
F hitung
PrF
224.90
0.0044
Galat (a)
2
0.003
0.002
Tanaman
7
7.042
1.006
105.36
0.0001
Kondisi *Tanaman
7
0.526
0.075
7.87
0.0006
Galat (b)
14
0.134
0.009
Total terkoreksi
31
8.067
Lampiran 21. Hasil analisis ragam sebaran konsentrasi gas NO2 pada berbagai jarak dan ketinggian di tempat terbuka Sumber keragaman
Derajat bebas
Jumlah kuadrat
Kuadrat tengah
F hitung
PrF
Tinggi
2
140.02756
70.01378
4.89
0.0202
Jarak
2
498.38832
249.19416
17.40
0.0001
Tinggi*Jarak
4
47.83862
11.95965
0.83
0.5206
Galat
18
257.83080
14.32393
Total terkoreksi
26
944.08530
Lampiran 22. Suhu dan kelembaban relatif di tempat terbuka pada 3 jarak dari sumber emisi Jarak dari sumber emisi 15 m
Suhu (C ),hari ke
5m
25 m
1 2 3 Min - maks Kelembaban (%), hari ke 1 2 3 Min - maks
32.4 – 33.0 32.4 – 33.0 32.5 – 33.5 32.4 – 33.5
31.1 – 32.1 30.0 – 34.7 32.0 – 32.2 30.0 – 34.7
29.7 – 30.3 29.6 – 32.6 31.0 – 32.0 29.6 – 32.6
44.0 – 46.0 45.0 – 53.0 44.5 – 46.0 44.0 – 53.0
58.0 – 60.5 50.0 – 58.0 58.0 – 60.0 50.0 – 60.5
60.5 – 61.0 52.0 – 61.0 60.0 – 62.0 52.0 – 62.0
116
Lampiran 23. Suhu dan kelembaban relatif di tempat bervegetasi (G. arborea) pada 3 jarak dari sumber emisi Suhu (C /hari ke 1 2 3 Min - maks Kelembaban (%) / hari ke 1 2 3 Min - maks
Jarak dari sumber emisi 5m 15 m 30.4 – 33.2 30.4 – 33.6 33.1 – 34.1 33.2 – 34.1 31.8 – 32.7 31.0 – 32.6 30.4 – 34.1 30.4 – 34.1
25 m 31.3 – 33.0 34.0 – 36.8 31.4 – 32.7 31.3 – 36.8
49.0 – 50.0 45.0 – 48.0 50.0 – 51.0 49.0 – 51.0
55.0 – 56.0 50.0 – 52.0 54.0 – 55.0 50.0 – 56.0
55.0 – 56.0 46.0 – 52. 0 54.0 – 55.0 46.0 – 56.0
Lampiran 24. Hasil analisis ragam konsentrasi gas NO2 pada berbagai jarak dan ketinggian di tempat bervegetasi Sumber keragaman Tinggi
Derajat bebas 2
Jumlah kuadrat 40.12883
Kuadrat tengah 20.06441
F hitung
PrF
0.26
0.7705
Jarak
2
1324.49087
662.24544
8.73
0.0022
Tinggi*Jarak
4
84.13446
21.03361
0.28
0.8888
Galat
18
1365.45793
75.85877
Total terkoreksi
26
2814.21296
Lampiran 25. Hasil analisis ragam konsentrasi gas NO2 pada lokasi, jarak, dan waktu berbeda Sumber keragaman Waktu
Derajat bebas 2
Jumlah kuadrat 267.46902
Kuadrat tengah 133.73451
F hitung 18.92
0.0001
PrF
Jarak
2
1518.07579
759.03790
107.41
0.0001
Lokasi
1
47.04000
47.04000
6.66
0.0141
Waktu*Jarak
4
10.73071
2.68268
0.38
0.8217
Waktu*Lokasi
2
62.69814
31.34907
4.44
0.0190
Jarak*Lokasi
2
256.32413
128.16207
18.14
0.0001
Waktu*Jarak*Lokasi
4
7.87605
1.96901
0.28
0.8899
Galat
36
254.39927
7.06665
Total terkoreksi
53
2424.61312
117
Lampiran 26. Hasil analisis ragam persentase pengurangan konsentrasi gas NO2 pada lokasi, jarak, dan waktu berbeda Sumber keragaman Waktu
Derajat bebas 2
Jumlah kuadrat 8.52927
Kuadrat tengah 4.26464
F hitung 0.41
0.6676
PrF
Jarak
1
141.29284
141.29284
13.62
0.0011
Lokasi
1
157.25160
157.25160
15.15
0.0007
Waktu*Jarak
2
6.60430
3.30215
0.32
0.7305
Waktu*Lokasi
2
4.95432
2.47716
0.24
0.7895
Jarak*Lokasi
1
297.21760
297.21760
28.64
0.0001
Waktu*Jarak*Lokasi
2
8.76522
4.38261
0.42
0.6603
Galat
24
249.04687
10.37695
Total terkoreksi
35
873.66202