DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abbas, R.Z., Z. Iqbal, M.N. Khan, M.A. Zafar and M.A. Zia. 2010. Anticoccidial activity of Curcuma longa L. in broiler. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 53 (1): 63-67. Aengwanich, W. and O. Chinrasri. 2003. Effects of chronic heat stress on red blood cell disorders in broiler chickens. Mahasarakham Univ J. 21:1-10. Ahmad-Raus, R.R., E.E.S. Abdul-Latif and J.J. Mohammad. 2001. Lowering of lipid composition in aorta of guinea pigs by Curcuma domestica. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 1: 6-10. Akbarian, A., A. Golian, H. Kermanshahi, A. Gilani and S. Moradi. 2012. Influence of turmeric rhizome and black pepper on blood constituents and performance of broiler chickens. African J. Biotech. 11 (34): 8606-8611. Al-Sultan, S.I. and A.A. Gameel. 2004. Histopathological changes in the livers of broiler chicken supplemented with turmeric (Curcuma longa). Int. J. Poult. Sci. 3:333-336. Altan, O., A. Pabuccuoglu., A. Altan, S. Konyaliohlu, and H. Bayraktar. 2003. Effect of heat stress on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and some stress parameters in broiler. Br. Poult. Sci. 44: 545-550. Anand, P., A.B. Kunnumakkara, R.A. Newman, and B.B. Aggarwal. 2007. Bioavailability of curcumin: problems and promises. Mol. Pharm. 4: 807818. Anand, P., S.G. Thomas, A.B. Kunnumakkara, C. Sundaram, K.B. Harikumar, B. Sung, S.T. Tharakan, K. Misra, I.K. Priyadarsini, K.N. Rajasekharan, and B.B. Aggarwal. 2008. Biological activities of curcumin and its analogues (Congeners) made by man and mother nature. Biochem. Pharm. 76: 1590- 1611. Anonim. 2006. Waspada flu burung. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Jakarta. Avalaible at http://www.depkes.go.id/downloads/waspadai.pdf. Assecion date 1st Mei 2013. Anonim. 2008. Bahaya dari kolesterol tinggi. Available at http://www.gizi.net. Accession date 31st Mei 2013. AOAC. 2005. Official Method of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists.18th edition. Published by The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Benjamin Franklin Station. Washington D.C.
82
Araújo, C.C and L.L. Leon. 2001. Biological activities of Curcuma longa L.. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 96 (5): 723-728. Arshami, J., M. Pilevar, M.A. Azghadi, and A.R. Raji. 2013. Hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of curcumin on blood parameters, humoral immunity, and jejunum histology in Hy-line hens. Avicenna J. Phytomed. 3 (2): 178185. Asai, A. and T. Miyazawa, 2001. Dietary curcuminoids prevents high-fat dietinduced lipid accumulation in rat liver and epididymal adipose tissue. J. Nut. 131: 2932-2935. Assmann, M.D.G. and A.M. Gotto. 2004. HDL cholesterol and protective factors in atherosclerosis. J. American Hearth Association 109: III-8-III-14. Astuti, M. 2007. Rancangan Percobaan dan Analisa Statistik. Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta. Azain, M.J. 2004. Role of fatty acids in adipocyte growth and development. J. Anim. Sci. 82 : 916-924. Basavaraj, M., V. Nagabhushana, N. Prakash, M.M. Appannavar, P. Wagmare, and S. Mallikarjunappa. 2011. Effect of dietary supplementation of curcuma longa on the biochemical profile and meat characteristics of broiler rabbits under summer stress. Vet. World. 4 (1): 15-18. Behera, T, P. Swain, S.K. Sahoo, D. Mohapatra, and B.K. Das. 2011. Immunostimulatory effects of curcumin in fish, Labeo rohita (H.). Indian J. Nat. Prod. Res. 2 (2): 184-188. Bellanti, J.A. 1993. Imunologi III. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. Benjamin, M. 1979. Outline of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 3rd edition. The lowa State University Press. Ames. Lowa. Berger, J., M. Reist, J.M. Mayer, O. Felt, N.A. Peppas, and R. Gurny. 2004. Structure and interactions in covalently and ionically crosslinked chitosan hydrogels for biomedical applications. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 57: 1934. Bhawana, R.K.B., H.S. Buttar, V.K. Jain, and N. Jain. 2011. Curcumin nanoparticles: preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial study. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 59 (5): 2056-2061. Campbell, P.N., and A. Smith. 1997. Biochemistry Illustrated, 3rd ed. Churchil, Amerika.
83
Cetin, E., B.K. Guclu, and N. Cetin. 2011. Effect of dietary humate and organic acid supplementation on social stress induced by high stocking density in laying hens. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 10 (18): 2402-2407. Chainani-Wu, N. 2003. Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of turmeric (Curcuma longa). J. Altern. Complement Med. 9 (1): 161-168. Chand, N., F. R. Durrani, M. S. Qureshi and Z. Durrani. 2007. Role of berberis lycium in reducing serum cholesterol in broilers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 20 (4) : 563 – 568. Chattopadhyay, I., K. Biswas, U. Bandyopadhyay, and and R.K. Banerjee. 2004. Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications. Current Sci 87(1): 44-53. Chung, Y.C., Y.P. Su, C.C. Chen, G. Jia, H.L. Wang, J.C.G. Wu, and J.G. Lin. 2004. Relationship between antibacterial activity of chitosans and surface characteristics of cell wall. Acta Pharm. Sin. 25 (7): 932–936. Corwin, E.J. 2009. Handbook of Pathophysiology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA. 3rd edition. Coulston, A.M. and C.J. Boushey. 2008. Nutrition in The Prevention and Treatment of Disease. Burlington, San Diego, London: Elsevier Academic Press. Cunningham, J.G. 2002. Textbook of Veterinary Physiology. USA: Saunders Company. Cunningham, J.G. and B.G. Klein. 2007. Veterinary Physiology: 4th edition. Saunders Elsevier. Daneshyar, M., M. A. Ghandkanlo, F. S. Bayeghra, F. Farhangpajhoh and M. Aghaei. 2011. Effects of dietary turmeric supplementation on plasma lipoproteins, meat quality and fatty acid composition in broilers. South African J. Anim. Sci. 41 (4). Davis, A.K., D.L. Maney, and J.C. Maerz. 2008. The Use of Leukocyte Profiles to Measure Stress in Vertebrate: A Review for Ecologist. Functional Ecology. Day, M.J and R.D. Schults. 2010. Veterinary Immunology: Principles and Practice. Manson Publishing, London. Devlin, T.M. 2006. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Corelation. 6th edition. WB Saunders. New York.
84
Dortmans, J.C.F., G. Koch, and P.J.M. Rottier. 2011. Virulence of Newcastle Disease Virus. Veterinary Research. Available at http://www.veterinaryresearch.org.122. Assecion date 1st Mei 2013. Durrani, F.R., M. Ismail, A. Sultan, S.M. Suhail, N. Chand and Z. Durrani. 2006. Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. J. Agric. Bio. Sci. 1 (2). Fathullah, N. Iriyanti, dan I.H. Sulistiyawan. 2013. Penggunaan pakan fungsional dalam ransum terhadap bobot lemak abdomen dan kadar kolesterol daging ayam broiler. J. 1(1):119-128. Fawcett, D.W. 2002. Buku Ajar Histologi. Edisi ke-12. Penerjemah: Tambayong, J. Judul buku asli: A Textbook of Histology, edisi ke-12. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta. Feldman, B. F., J. G. Zinkl, and N. C. Jain (eds). 2000. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. 5th edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia. Fenner, F.J. 1995. Veterinary Virologi. IKIP Semarang Press. Fowler, M. E. 1986. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, 2nd Edition, W. B. Saunders. Frandson, R.D., 1992. Anatomi dan Fisiologi Ternak. Edisi Keempat. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. Ganong W.F. Alih bahasa, Brahm U.Pendit, et al. 1995. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Diterjemahkan oleh Djauhari Widjajakusumah. Jakarta: EGC. Ganong WF. 2003. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Jakarta : EGC. Garba, J., I.O. Nwankwo, I.J. Manu, and O.O. Faleke. 2012. Detection of avian influenza, newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis viruses in domestic and captive migratory wild birds using nested polymerase chain reaction, Yobe State Nigeria. J. Vet. Adv. 2(10): 481-487. Gillingham, S. 2006. General principles of vaccination. Available at http://www.canadianpoultry.ca/principles_of_vaccination.htm. Accession date 19th Mei 2013. Glick, B. 2000. Immunophysiology. Dalam Sturkie’s Avian Physiology, Whittow, G.C. (ed.) Academic Press, San Diego. Grasman, K.A., 2002. Assessing immunological function in toxicological studies of avian wildlife. J. Intergrative and Comparative Bio. 42 (1): 34-42. Guyton A.C. and J.E. Hall. 1997. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Edisi 9. Irawati Setiawan, Penerjemah. Jakarta: EGC. Terjemahan dari Textbook of Medical Physiology.
85
Guyton, A.C. and J.E. Hall. 2010. Textbook of Medical Physiology 12th Ed. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Hamman, J.H. 2010. Chitosan based polyelectrolyte complexes as potential carrier materials in drug delivery systems. Mar. Drug. 8: 1305-1322. Hamed, O.A., N. Mehdawi, A.A. Taha, E.M. Hamed, M.A. Al-Nuri, and A.S. Hussein. 2013. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel curcumin derivatives containing heterocyclic moiety. Iranian J. Pharm. Res. 12 (1): 47-56. Hariono, B. 2005. Hematology Veteriner. Bagian Patologi Klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta. Hatcher, H., R. Planalp, J. Cho, F. M. Torti and S. V. Torti. 2008. Curcumin: from ancient medicine to current clinical trials. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 65: 16311652. Heslet, L. 2002. Kolesterol. Kesaint Blanc, Jakarta. Hosseini-Vashan, S.J., A. Yaghobfar, A. Golian, M. A. Zarban, and F. Emamdadi. 2011. Effects of turmeric powder in diets based on soybean oil on antioxidant status, blood enzyme and lipid metabolism of broiler chicks under heat stress. Researches of The First International Conference (Babylon and Razi Universities). Hosseini-Vashan, S.J., Esmaeilinasab. metabolites and rhizome powder 16125.
A. Golian, A. Yaghobfar, A. Zarban, N. Afzali and P. 2012. Antioxidant status, immune system, blood carcass characteristic of broiler chickens fed turmeric under heat stress. Africa J. Biotech. 11 (94): 16118-
Jackson, K.G., A. Zampales, J.M.E. Knapper, H.M. Roche, M.J. Gibney, A. Kafatos, B.J. Gould, J.W. Wright, and CM. Williams. 2000. Differences in glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide hormone and hepatic lipase in subjects of southern and northern Europe; implication for post prandial lipemia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71: 13-20. Jain, N. C. 1986. School and Veterinary Clinical Hematology. Les and Febiger, 4th edition. Philadelphia. Jain, N.C. 1993. Essential of Veterinary Hematology. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. Jia, Z., D. Shen, and W. Xu. 2001. Synthesis and antibacterial activities of quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan. Carbohydrate Res. 333: 1-6. Jubb, K.V.F., PC. Kennedy and N. Palmer. 1993. Pathology of Domestic Animals. 4th edition. USA: Academic press,inc.
86
Kamal,
M. 1997. Pengontrolan Kualitas Pakan Ternak. Diktat Kuliah. Laboratorium Makanan Ternak. Jurusan Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak. Fakultas Peternakan UGM. Yogyakarta.
Kermanshahi, H. and A. Riasi. 2006. Effect of turmeric rhizome powder (Curcuma longa) and soluble NSP degrading enzyme on some blood parameters of laying hens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5: 494-498. Kertia, N., Sudarsono, A.D. Imono, Mufrod, E. Catur, P. Rahardjo, dan A.H. Asdie. 2005. Pengaruh pemberian kombinasi minyak atsiri temulawak dan ekstrak kunyit dibandingkan dengan piroksikam terhadap angka leukosit cairan sendi penderita dengan osteoarthritis lutut. Majalah Farmasi Indonesia. 16 (3): 155-161. Klipper, E., D. Sklan, and A. Friedman. 2004. Maternal antibodies block induction of oral tolerance in newly hatched chicks. Vaccine. 22: 493-502. Kohli, K., J. Ali, M.J. Ansari, and Z. Raheman. 2005. Curcumin: a natural antiinflamatory agent. Indian. J. Pharmachol. 37: 141-147. Kong, M., X.G. Chen, K. Xing, and H.J. Park. 2010. Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review. Int. J. Food Micro. 144: 51–63. Kumar, S., K.K. Dubey, S. Tripathi, M. Fujii and K. Misra. 2000. Design and synthesis of curcumin-bioconjugates to improve systemic delivery. Nucleic Acids Symposium 44: 75-76. Oxford University Press. Kumari, K.J., P.V.V.S.N. Reedy and P.S. Reddy. 2006. Studies on the reduction of cholesterol content in meat by incorporation of amaranthus leaf meal (A. Tricolor) in broilers. Tamilnadu J. Vet. and Anim. Sci. 2(5): 158-162. Kurniawan, C.B. 2009. Efek epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) topical terhadap sebukan neutrofil konjungtivitis alergi pada model tikus wistar. Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang. Kusnadi E. 2009. Perubahan malonaldehida hati, bobot relative bursa fabrisius dan rasio heterofil/limfosit (H/L) ayam broiler yang diberi cekaman panas. Media Petern 32:81-87. Kusnadi, E dan A. Rachmat. 2010. Pengaruh suplementasi kunyit (curcuma domesticaval) terhadap perubahan beberapa komponen darah dan pertumbuhan ayam broiler yang mengalami cekaman panas. Seminar nasional teknologi peternakan dan veteriner. Lane, D.R. and B. Cooper. 1994. Veterinary Nursing: Formerly Jone’s Animal Nursing. Pergamon: London, 287. Laurencio, B. 2002. Cholesterol: A patient guide. J. Med. UK. 64: 5.-8. 87
Li, S., W. Yuan, G. Deng, P. Wang, P. Yang and B.B. Aggarwal. 2011. Chemical composition and product quality control of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Pharm. Crops. 2: 28-54. Lin, Y.H., C.K. Chung, C.T. Chen, H.F. Liang, S.C. Chen, and H.W. Sung. 2005. Preparation of nanoparticles composed of chitosan/ Poly-T-Glutamic acid and evaluation of their permeability through caco-2 cells. Biomacromolecules 6: 1104-1112. Luthra, P.M., R. Singh and R. Chandra. 2001. Therapeutic uses of Curcuma longa (turmeric). Indian J. Clin. Biochem. 16 (2): 153-160. Maiti, K., K. Mukherjee, A. Gantait, B.P. Saha, and P.K. Mukherjee. 2007. Kurkumin phospholipid complex: Preparation, therapeutic, evaluation and pharmacokinetic studi in rats. Int. J. Pharm. 330 (1-2): 155-163. Maneewan, M.S.C., K. Yamauchi, A. Mekbungwan, B. Maneewan, and S. Siri. 2012. Effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linnaeus) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, hematological values, and intestinal histology in nursery pigs. J. Swine Health Prod. 20(5): 231–240. Mao, H.Q., R. Krishnendu, V.L. Troung-Le, K.A. Janes, K.L. Lin, J.T. August, and K.W. Leong. 2001. Chitosan-DNA nanoparticles as gene carriers: synthesis, characterization and transfection efficiency. J. Control. Release. 70: 399-421. Martini, F.H., W.C. Ober, C. Garrison, and K. Welleh. 1992. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. 2nd edition. New jersey : Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs. McDonald, P., R.A. Edward., J.F.D. Greenhalgh and C.A. Morgan. 2002. Animal Nutrition. 6th edition. An Imprint of Pearson Education Prentice Hall. Harlow, England. Mehala, C., and M. Moorthy. 2008. Effect of Aloe vera and Curcuma longa (turmeric) on carcass characteristics and biochemical parameters of broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 7(9):857-861. Meyer,
D.J. and J.W. Harvey. 2004. Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, Interpretation and Diagnosis. 3rd edition. Saunders, Philadelphia.
Miles, R.D., G.D. Butcher, P.R. Henry, and R.C. Littell. 2006. Effect of antibiotic growth promoters on broiler performance, intestinal growth parameters, and quantitative morphology. Poult. Sci. 85:476–485. Mills S, Bone K. 2000. Priciples and Practise of Phytotheraphy Modern Herbal Medicine. Edenburg. London. New York. Sydney. Toronto. Churchil Livingstones.
88
Mitruka, B. M. and H.M. Rawnsley. 1981. Clinical Biochemical and Hematological Reference Values in Normal Experimental Animals and Normal Human. 2nd edition. Year Book Medical Publishers Inc. Chicago, Hal 186. Mohammadi, K., K.H. Thompson, B.O. Patrick, T. Storr, C. Martins, E. Polishchuk, V.G. Yuen, J.H. McNeill, and C. Orvig. 2005. Synthesis and characterization of dual function vanadyl, gallium and indium curcumin complexes for medicinal applications. J. Inorganic Biochem. 99: 22172225. Moura, M.R., F.A. Aouada, R.J.A. Bustillos, T.H. McHugh, J.M. Krochta, and L.H.C. Mattoso. 2009. Improved barrir and mechanical properties of novel hydroxypropyl methycellulose edible films with chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles, J. food engine. 92: 448-453. Mourya, V.K., E. Nazma, and N. Inamdar. 2009. Trimethyl chitosan and its applications in drug delivery. J. Mater Sci: Mater Med 20:1057-1079. Murray, R.K., D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes and V.W. Rodwell. 2003. Harper’s Biochemistry. Prentice-Hall International Inc. United Stated of America. Nayaka, H.B.S., B. Umakantha, S. W. Ruban, H.N.N. Murthy and H.D. Narayanaswamy. 2012. Effect of neem, turmeric, vitamin e and their combinations on immune response in broilers. Global Veterinaria 9 (4): 486-489. Naz, S., S. Jabeen, S. Ilyas, F. Manzoor, F. Aslam and A. Ali. 2010. Antibacterial activity of curcuma longa varieties against different strains of bacteria. Pak. J. Bot., 42(1): 455-462. Nelson, D.L. and M.M. Cox. 2000. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 3rd edition. Worth Publishers, New York. Nishiyama, T., T. Mae, H. Kishida, M. Tsukagawa, Y. Mimaki, M. Kuroda, Y. Sashida, K. Takahashi, T. Kawada, K. Nakagawa, and M. Kitahara. 2005. Curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) suppress an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53: 959-963. Nouzarian, R., S. A. Tabeidian, M. Toghyani, G. Ghalamkari and M. Toghyani. 2011. Effect of turmeric powder on performance, carcass traits, humoral immune responses, and serum metabolites in broiler chickens. J. Anim and Feed Sci. 20: 389-400. NRC. 1994. Nutrien Requirement of Poultry. 9th ed. National Academy Press. Washington, DC.
89
Numan, S.M.M., M.A. Zahoor, and H.A. Khan. Detection of serum antibody levels against newcastle disease in broiler chickens. Int. J. Agric. Bio. 7: 436437. O’connor, T.M., D.J. O’halloran, and F. Shanahan. 2000. The response and the hyphotalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis:from molecule to melancholia. Rev. Quarterly J. Med. 93: 323-333. OIE.
2009. Newcastle Disease. OIE. Terestrial http:/www.oie.int. Assecion date 29th Mei 2012.
Manual.
Available
at
Padgett, D.A. and R. Glaser. 2003. How stress influence the immune response. Trends Immunol. 24: 444-448. Pavuluri G., K.S. Kumar, C.H. Hareesha, K. Madhuri and K.V. Swathi. 2011. Curcumin: the spice for life. Int. J. pharm. Chem. Bio. Sci. 1: 48-56. Post, J., J.M.J. Rebel., and A.A.H.M. ter Huurne. 2003. Automated blood cell count: a sensitive and reliable method to study corticosterone-related stress in broiler. J. Poult. Sci. 82 : 591-595. Prasetyo, H. 2010. Jumlah Total dan Hitung Jenis Leukosit pada Ayam Potong yang Terpapar Heat Stress. Skripsi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. Purseglove J, W.E.G. Brown, C.L. Green, S.R.J. Robbins. 1981. Spices. Volume ke-1. London: Longman. Purwanti, S., , R.Mutia, S.D.Widhyari dan W. Winarsih. 2008. Kajian efektifitas pemberian kunyit, bawang putih dan mineral zink terhadap performa, kolesterol karkas dan status kesehatan broiler. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner. Puslitbang Peternakan, Bogor. Puvadolpirod, S. and J. P. Thaxton. 2000. Model of physiological stress in chickens 1. Response Parameters. Poult. Sci. 79:363–369. Raafat, D., K.V. Bargen, A. Haas and H. Sahl. 2008. Insights into the mode of action of chitosan as an antibacterial compound. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74 (12): 3764-3773. Ramzija, C., B. Meho, S. Jasminka, B. Aleksandar, Č. Selma, and P. Mira. 2010. Study of the effect of broiler nutrition and duration of fattening on the lipid status of meat. Tehnologija Mesa. 51 (2): 110–114. Rastogi, S.C. 2007. Essentials of Animal Physiology. 4th Ed. New Age International Ltd, New Delhi.
90
Reece, W.O. 2009. Functional anatomy and physiology of domestic animals. Wiley-blackwell, lowa. Edition first:47-53. Rizqiyah, V.F. 2011. Pengaruh derajat deasetilasi dan konsentrasi kitosan terhadap kemampuan antibakteri. Skripsi. Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Program Studi Kimia. Universitas Airlangga. Available at alumni.unair.ac.id/kumpulanfile/4590835804_abs.pdf. Rogers, K. 2011. Blood Physiology and Circulation. Britannica Educational Publishing, New York. Rosadi, I., Ismoyowati, dan N. Iriyanti. 2013. Kadar HDL (high density lipoprotein) dan LDL (low density lipoprotein) darah pada berbagai itik lokal betina yang pakannya disuplementasi dengan probiotik. J. Ilmiah Peternakan 1(2): 597-605. Scanes, G.C., G. Brant.,and M.E. Esminger. 2004. Poultry Science, 4th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. New Jersey. Schalm, O. W. 1975. Veterinary Hematology. 3rd edition. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Setiaji, D. dan A. Sudarman. 2005. Ekstraksi daun beluntas (Pluchea indica Less) sebagai obat antistres pada ayam broiler. Program Studi Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak. Fakultas Peternakan. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. Setyadi, F., V.D.Y.B. Ismadi, dan I. Mangisah. 2013. Kadar kolesterol, HDL dan LDL darah akibat kombinasi lama pencahayaan dan pemberian porsi pakan berbeda pada ayam broiler. Anim. Agric. J. 2 (1): 68 – 76. Shaikh, J., D.D. Ankola, V. Beniwal, D. Singh, and M.N.V.R. Kumar. 2009. Nanoparticle encapsulation improves oral bioavailability of curcumin by at least 9-fold when compared to curcumin administered with piperine as absorption enhancer. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 37: 223–230. Sharma, R.A., A.J. Gescher, and W.P. Steward. 2005. Curcumin: the story so far. European J. Cancer 41: 1955–1968. Sherwood, l. 2010. Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. 8th edition. Yolanda Cossio, USA. Shu,
X.Z. and K.J. Zhu. 2000. A novel approach to prepare tripolyphosphate/chitosan complex beads for controlled drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 201: 51-58.
91
Silversides, F.G., T.A. Scott, D.R. Korver, M. Afsharmanesh, and M. Hruby. 2006. A study on the interaction of xylanase and pytase enzymes in wheat based diet fed to commercial white and brown egg laying hens. Poult. Sci. 85: 297-305. Singla, A.K. and M. Chawla. 2001. Chitosan: some pharmaceutical and biological aspects-an update. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 53: 1047-1067. Smith dan Soesanto.1988. Pemeliharaan, Pembiakan dan Penggunaan Hewan Percobaan di Daerah Tropis. UI Press. Indonesia. Smith, F.M, N.H. West, and D.R. Jones. 2000.The Cardiovascular System. In: Whittow GC, editor. Sturkie’s Avian Phisiology. Fifth edition. USA: Academic Press. Soeparno. 2005. Ilmu dan Teknologi Daging. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. Solomon, P., C. Abolnik, T.M. Joannis, S. Bisschop. 2012. Virulent Newcastle disease virus in Nigeria: identification of a new clade of sub-lineage 5f from livebird markets. Virus Genes. 44: 98-103. Subronto. 2003. Ilmu Penyakit Ternak I. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. Sudarsono, A. Pudjoarinto, D. Gunawan, S. Wahyuono, I.A. Donatus, M. Drajad, S. Wibowo, dan Ngatidjan. 2006. Tumbuhan obat 1 cetakan II. Pusat Penelitian Obat Tradisional (PPOT) Universitas Gadjah Mada. Sugiharto, Isroli, E. Widiastuti and N. S. Prabowo. 2011. Effect of turmeric extract on blood parameters, feed efficiency and abdominal fat content in broilers. J. Indonesian Trop. Anim. Agric. 36 (1): 21-26. Sugita, P., A. Sjahriza, T. Wukirsari, dan D. Wahyono. 2009. Kitosan: Sumber Biomaterial Masa Depan. IPB Press, Bogor. Available at http://lppm.ipb.ac.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=86 l: kitosan-sumber-biomaterial-masa-depan&catid=44:ipb-press&Itemid=78. Assecion date 1st Mei 2013. Supadmo. 1997. Pengaruh Sumber Khitin dan Prekursor Karnitin serta Minyak Ikan Lemuru terhadap Kadar Lemak dan Kolesterol serta Asam Lemak Omega-3 Ayam Broiler. Disertasi, Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. Suryo, H., T. Yudiarti, dan Isroli. 2012. Pengaruh pemberian probiotik sebagai aditif pakan terhadap kadar kolesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) dan low density lipoprotein (LDL) dalam darah ayam kampong. Anim. Agric. J. 1 (2): 228 – 237.
92
Susanti A.R. 2010. Interaksi antara pemberian jintan hitam (Nigella sativa) dengan paparan heat stress terhadap jumlah dan hitung jenis leukosit ayam pedaging. Artikel ilmiah. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. Swantatra, K.K.S., R.K. Awani, and S. Satyawan. 2010. Chitosan: a platform for targeted drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res. 2 (4): 2271-2282. Swastawati, F., I. Wijayanti, dan E. Susanto. 2008. Pemanfaatan limbah kulit udang menjadi edible coating untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 4 (4). Jurusan Perikanan Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang. Swenson, M.J. 1984. Duke’s Physiology of Domestic Animals. Ed ke-10. Ithaca and London: Cornell Univ. Tabbu, C.R, 2000. Penyakit Ayam dan Penanggulangannya: Penyakit Bakterial, Mikal dan Viral, Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta. Tabbu, C. R. 2009. Pemeriksaan Serologik pada Ayam. Yogyakarta Takeuchi, H., H. Yamamoto, and Y. Kawachima. 2001. Mucoadhesive nanoparticulate systems for peptide drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 47: 39-54. Tewtrakul, S., S. Subhadhirasakul and P. Rattanajuwan. 2003. HIV-1 protease inhibitory effects of some selected plants in Caesalpiniaceae and Papilionaceae families. J. Sci. Technol. 25 (4): 509-514. Tikhonov, V.E., E.A. Stepnova, V.G. Babak, I.A. Yamskov, J. Palma-Guerrero, H.B. Jansson, L.V. Lopez-Llorca, J. Salinas, D.V. Gerasimenko, I.D. Avdienko, and V.P. Varlamov. 2006. Bactericidal and antifungal activities of a low molecular weight chitosan and its N-/2(3)-(dodec-2enyl)succinoyl/-derivatives. Carbohydrate Polymers 64: 66–72. Tizard, I. 2002. The Avian Antibody Response. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine. 11: 2-14. Toghyani M., M. Toghyani, A.A. Gheisari, G. Ghalamkari, and M. Mohammadrezaei. 2010. Growth performance, serum biochemistry and blood hematology of broiler chicks fed different levels of black seed (Nigella sativa) and peppermint (Mentha piperita). Livest. Sci. 129, 173178. Toghyani M., M. Toghyani, A.A. Gheisari, G. Ghalamkari, and S. Eghbalsaeid. 2011. Evaluation of cinnamon and garlic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on performance, immune responses, serum biochemical and haematological parameters in broiler chicks. Livest. Sci. 138, 167-173.
93
Triyanto, A. 2006. Profil Darah Putih dan Kolesterol Ayam Pedaging yang Diberi Ransum Mengandung Tepung Daun Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees). Tesis, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. Tsalissavrina, I., D. Wahono, dan D. Handayani. 2006. Pengaruh pemberian diet tinggi karbohidrat dibandingkan diet tinggi lemak terhadap kadar trigliserida dan HDL darah pada Rattus novergicus galur wistar. J. Kedokteran Brawijaya. XXII (2). Ulfah, M. 2006. Potensi tumbuhan obat sebagai fitobiotik multi fungsi untuk meningkatkan penampilan dan kesehatan satwa di penangkaran. Media Konservasi XI (3): 109-114. Uzer, F., N. Iriyanti, dan Roesdiyanto. 2013. Penggunaan Pakan Fungsional dalam Ransum terhadap Konsumsi Pakan dan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Ayam Broiler. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan 1(1):282-288. Varalakshmi, Ch., A.M Ali, B.V.V. Pardhasaradhi, R.M. Srivastava, S. Singh, and A. Khar. 2008. Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin: In-vivo. Int. Immunopharm. 8: 688-700. Wahju, J. 2004. Ilmu Nutrisi Unggas. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. Wardaniati, R.A. dan S. Setyaningsih. 2009. Pembuatan Kitosan dari Kulit Udang dan Aplikasinya untuk Pengawetan Bakso. Jurusan Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Undip. Semarang. Available at http://eprints.undip.ac.id/1717/1/mkalah_penelitian-fix.pdf. Assecion date 1st Mei 2012. Warsono, I.U., M.W. Fattah, dan A. Parakkasi. 2004. Pengaruh tepung cangkang rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) dalam ransum terhadap kadar kolesterol serum dan pertambahan bobot badan tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Media Peternakan 27 (2): 55-62. Whittow, G.C. 2000. Sturkie’s Avian Physiology. 5th edition. Academic Press: San Diego. Widiastuti, R. dan T.B. Murdiati. 2011. Residu antibiotika spiramisin pada hati dan daging ayam pedaging yang dicekok antibiotika spiramisin. Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner. Bogor Widodo, W. 2002. Nutrisi dan Pakan Unggas Kontekstual. Depdiknas: Jakarta. Widyaningsih, W. 2011. Efek ekstrak etanol rimpang temugiring (Curcuma heyneana Val.) terhadap kadar trigliserida. J. Ilmiah Kefarmasian. 1 (1): 55-65.
94
Wulandari, N. 2008. Uji. Antibakteri Kitosan dari Kulit Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) dengan Metode Difusi Cakram Kertas. In: Seminar Tugas Akhir S1 Jurusan Kimia FMIPA UNDIP, Jurusan Kimia UNDIP (Unpublished) http://eprints.undip.ac.id/7502/ Yang, M., Y. Yang, B. Liu, G. Shen, and R. Yu. 2004. Amperometric gluycose biosensor based on kitosan with improved selectivity and stability. Sens. Actuators B. Chemical. 101: 269-276. Yao, H. and M. Chiang. 2006. Effect of chitosan on plasma lipids, hepatic lipids, and fecal bile acid in hamsters. J. Food and Drug Analysis. 14 (2): 183189. Yulinery, T., E. Yulianto, dan N. Nurhidayat. 2006. Uji fisiologis probiotik lactobacillus sp. mar 8 yang telah dienkapsulasi dengan menggunakan spray dryer untuk menurunkan kolesterol. Biodiversitas 7 (2): 118-122. Yuwanta, T. 2004. Dasar Ternak Unggas. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta. Zuprizal dan M. Kamal. 2005. Nutrisi Pakan Unggas. Jurusan Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta. Zuprizal. 2006. Nutrisi Unggas. Jurusan Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak. Fakultas Peternakan. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.
95