DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Akbar, J. 2008. Pemanfaatan ekstrak bunga kecombang (Nicolaia speciosa Horan) terhadap penyembuhan infeksi jamur Saprolegnia sp. pada ikan nila merah (Oreochromis sp.). Kalimantan Scientiae, 4: 1-7. Al-Harbi, A.H. 1994. First isolation of Streptococcus sp. from hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) in Saudi Arabia. Aquaculture, 128:195- 201. Amri, K. 2008. Morfologi Ikan Nila. Agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta. Anderson. 1974. Immunostimulants, ajduvants and vaccine carrier in fish: application to aquaculture. Ann. Rev. Fish Dis, 2: 281-307. Arie, U. 1999. Pembenihan dan Pembesaran Nila GIFT. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. Arie, U. 2001. Pembenihan dan Pembesaran Nila GIFT. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. Ayuningtyas A. K., 2008. Efektivitas Campuran Meniran Phyllanthus niruri dan Bawang Putih Allium sativum untuk Pengendalian Infeksi Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada Ikan Lele Dumbo Clarias gariepenus. (Skripsi). Prodi Teknologi dan Manajemen Akuakultur Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. Angka, S.L. dan Suhartono, M.T. 2000. Bioteknologi Hasil Laut. Pusat Kajian Sumber Daya Pesisir dan Lautan. IPB. Bogor. Anggadiredja. 2006. Rumput Laut. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. Bastiawan, D., Wahid, A., Alifudin, M. dan Agustiawan, I..2001. Gambaran darah lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) yang diinfeksi cendawan Aphanomyces spp. pada ph yang berbeda. Jurnal Penelitian Indonesia, 7(3): 44 – 61. Bercovier, H., Ghittino, C. dan Elder, A. 1997. Immunization With Bacterial Antigens: Infections With Streptococci and Related Organism. Dev. Biol. Stand, 90: 153–160.
Bergey, D., Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R. dan Sneath, P.H.A. 1994. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative bacteriology, ed. R. E. Bunchaman and N.E.Gibbons, 9th Ed. Baltimore, Williams dan Wilkins Company. Bliding, C. 1963. A Critical Survey of European Taxa in Ulvales. Part 1. Casosiphonia, Blidingia, Enteromorpha. Opera Bot 8(3):1–160. Bliding, C. 1968. A Critical Survey of European Taxa in Ulvales. Part 2. Ulva, Ulvaria, Monostoma, Kornmannia. Bot Not 121: 534–629. Bromage, E.S., Thomas, A. dan Owens, L. 1999. Streptococcus iniae, a bacterial infection in barramundi Lates calcarifer. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 36: 177-181. Carman, O. dan Sucipto A. 2010. Panen Nila 2,5 Bulan. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. Castro, R. I. Zarrab, dan J. Lamas. 2004. Water-soluble seaweed extracts modulate the Pantoea Agglomerans lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fish Shellfish Immunol, 10: 555–558. Chapman VJ. 1970. Seaweeds dan Their Uses. London : Metheun dan Co. LTD. Chapman, V.J. dan Chapman, D.J. 1980. Seaweed and Their Uses. Third edition. New York: Chapman and Hall. 260p. Cheng, W., Liu, C.H., Yeh, S.T. dan Chen, J.C. 2004. The immune stimulatory effect of sodium alginate on the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 17: 41-51. Colorni, A., Diamant, A., Eldar, A., Kvitt, H. dan Zlotkin, A. 2002. Streptococcus iniae infections in Red sea cage cultured and wild fishes. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 49: 165-170. Dewi, R.R. 2011. Pengendalian Saprolegnia sp. pada Telur Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy) Menggunakan Isolat Bakteri Kitinolitik. FMIPA. (Tesis). Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan. Dzeha, T., Jaspars, M. dan Tabudravu, J. 2003. Clionasterol, a triterpenoid from the Kenyan marine green macroalga Halimeda macroloba. J. Mar. Sci, 2: 157–161. Elder, A., Horovitez, A. dan Bercovier, H. 1997. Development and efficacy of a vaccine against Streptococcus iniae infection in farmed rainbow trout. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol, 56: 175-183.
Eldar, A., Perl, S., Frelier, P. F. dan Bercovier, H. 1999. Red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus mortalities associated with Streptococcus iniae infection. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 36: 121-127. Evans, J. J., Klesius, P. H. dan Shoemaker, C. A. 2006a. An overview of Streptococcus in warmwater fish. Aquac. Health Int, 7:10-14. Evans J, Shoemaker C, dan Klesius P. 2000. Experimental Streptococcus iniae infection of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops Morone saxatilis) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by nares inoculation. Aquaculture, 189:197–210. Fleurence, J. 1999. Seaweed proteins: biochemical, nutritional aspects and potential uses. Review of Trends in Food Science and Technology, 10:2528. Fletcher, T. C. 1982. Non Specific Defence Mechanism of Fish. Developmental comparative immunology. Garcı´a-Casal, M.N., Pereira, A.C., Leets, I., Ramı´rez, J., dan Quiroga, M.F. 2007. High iron content and bioavailability in humans from four species of marine algae. J. Nutr, 137(12): 2691–2695. Guiry, M.D. dan Guiry, G.M. 2007. Algae Base version 4.2. Worldwide electronic publication, National University of Ireldan, Galway. Hayden H.S., Blomster J., Maggs C.A., Silva P.C., Stanhope Mj. dan Waaland J.R. 2003. Linnaeus was right all along: Ulva and Enteromorpha are not distinct genera. European Journal of Phycology, 38: 277- 294. Irianto, A. 2004. Probiotik Akuakultur. Gajah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. Ji, H., Om, A., Yoshimatsu, T., Hayashi, M., Umino, T., Nakagawa, H., Asano, M. dan Nakagawa, A. 2003. Effect of dietary vitamins C and E fortification on lipid metabolism in red sea bream Pagrus major and black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Fish Sci, 69:1001–1009. Khairuman dan Amri, K. 2002. Budidaya Ikan Nila. Agro Media Pustaka. Jakarta Limantara, L., Suparmi. dan Radjasa O. K. 2007. Mikroorganisme yang berasosiasi dengan sponge: potensinya sebagai sumber biopigmen dan upaya budidayanya. Jurnal Masyarakat Aquakultura Indonesiana, 8 (2):121-133. Kordi, K. 2010. A to Z Budidaya Biota Akuatik untuk Pangan, Kosmetik dan Obat-obatan. Penerbit Dani. Yogyakarta: 226 hlm.
Kordi, K.M.G. 2004. Penanggulangan Hama dan Penyakit Ikan. Penerbit Rineka Cipta dan Bina Adiaksara. Jakarta. 194 hal. Kurniawan, D., 2010. Efektivitas Campuran Bubuk Meniran Phyllantus niruri dan bawang putih Allium sativum dalam Pakan untuk Pencegahan Infeksi Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada Ikan Lele Dumbo Clarias sp. (Skripsi). Departemen Budidaya Perairan. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. Marczek, E. 1954. A new locality of enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link Ku¨tzig [(L.) Greville] and Enteromorpha tubulosa J. G. Agardh. Fragm Flor Geobot Ser Polonica, 2: 105–111. Miyasaki, T., Sato, M., Yoshinaka, R. dan Sakaguchi, M. 1995. Effect of vitamin C on lipid and carnitine metabolism in rainbow trout. Fish Sci, 61: 501– 506. Miyazaki, T., Kobota, S.S., Kaige, N. dan Miyashita, T. 1984. A Histopathological Study of Streptococcal Disease in Tilapia. Fish Pathology, 19(3): 167– 172. Mtolera, M.S.P., dan Semesi, A.K. 1996. Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Six Green Algae from Tanzania. Current Trends in Marine Botanical Research in East African Region. pp 211-217 Mustafa, M.G., dan Nakagawa, H. 1995. A review: dietary benefits of algae as an additive in fish feed. Isr J Aquacult-Bamid, 47:155–162. Ortiz, J., Romero, N., Robert, P., Araya, J., Lopez-Herna´ndez, J., Bozzo, C., Navarrete, E., Osorio, A., dan Rios, A. 2006. Dietary fiber, amino acid, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of the edible seaweeds Ulva lactuca and Durvillaea antarctica. Food Chem, 99:98–104. Pier, G.B,, dan Madin, S.H. 1976. Streptococcus iniae sp. nov., a betahemolytic streptococcus isolated from an Amazon freshwater Dolphin, Inia geoffrensis. International Journal of Systematic bacteriology, 26(4):54553. Perera, R.P., Johnson, S.K., Collins, M.D. dan Lewis, D.H. 1994. Streptococcus iniae associated with mortality of Tilapia nilotica x T. aurea hybrids. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 6: 335-340. Popma, T.J. dan Lovshin, L.L. 1996. World prospect for commercial production oftilapia. Research and Development series No. 41. International Center or Aquaculture and Aquatic Environmens. Departement of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures Auburn University. Alabama.
Popma, T. dan Michael, M. 1999. Tilapia Life History and Biology. RAC Publication. No. 283. Pringgenies, D., Ekasari N.L. dan Gunawan. 2011. Potensi beberapa ekstrak rumput laut sebagai antibakteri upaya sebagai bahan antibakteri makanan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Aplikasi Pemanfaatan Rumput Laut dan Bahan Hayati Laut dalam Bidang Pangan dan Energi di Semarang 29 Januari 2011. Semarang, 133-142 hlm. Rachmaniar, R. 2005. Penelitian Kandungan Kimia Makroalgae Untuk Neutroceuticals dan Agrochemicals. Laporan Akhir LIPI. Jakarta : 22 hal. Revina. 2008. Neutrofil Muda sebagai Dasar Diagnosa Penyakit Akut dan Kronis Studi Kasus di Rumah Sakit Hewan IPB. (Skripsi). Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. Rukmana, R. 1997. Budidaya dan Prospek Agribisnis Ikan Nila. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. Russo, R., Mitchell, H. dan Yanong, R.P.E. 2006. Aquaculture. Vol. 256 : 105– 110. Elsever. Rustidja. 1999. Produksi Benih Unggul Benih Ikan Nila Merah. Laporan Penelitian Hibah Bersaing (PHB II/I). Sakai, M. 1999 Current research status of fish immunostimulants. J.Aquaculture, Vol. 172: 63-92 Sari, FBP. 2003. Identifikasi dan Uji Postulat Koch Cendawan Penyebab Penyakit pada Ikan Gurami. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. (Skripsi). Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. Selvin, J., Huxleya, A.J. dan Lipton, A.P. 2004. Immunomodulatory potential of marine secondary metabolites against bacterial diseases of shrimp. Aquaculture, 230: 241–248 Shankar, A.H. dan Prasad, A.S. 1998. Zinc and immune function : the biological basis of altered resistance of infection. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 68 (Suppl): 447S-463S Shanmugam, A. dan Palpdani, C. 2008. Biochemical composition and fatty acid profile of the green algae Ulva reticulata, Asian J. Biochem, 3(1): 26 31. Sharma, O.P. 1992. Text Book of Algae. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Lim-ited, New Delhi: 73 - 79. Simanjuntak P. 1995. Senyawa Bioaktif dari Alga. Hayati, 2(2): 49-54.
Starmach, K. 1972. Green Alga. In: Starmach K(ed) Freshwater Flora of Poland. PWN, Warszawa-Krako´w. p 163. Suanyuk, N., Sukkasame, N., Tanmark, N., Yoshida, T., Itami, T., Thune, R. L., Tantikitti, C. dan Supamattaya, K. 2010. Streptococcus iniae infection in cultured Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) and red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in southern Thailand. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 32: 341-348. Supriyadi, H., Effendie, J. dan Bastiawan, D. 2002. Penyebaran Penyakit Streptococcosis pada Beberapa Pusat Budidaya Ikan Air Tawar. Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya air tawar. (Technical Report). Bogor. Suyanto, R.S. Dra. dan Takarina P.E. Ir. M.si. 2009. Panduan Budidaya Udang Windu. PT. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. Suyanto. 1994. Pengaruh padat penebaran terhadap pertumbuhan dan sintasan pendederan ikan nila GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus) di kolam. Jurnal Ikhtiologi Indonesia, hlm 10. Takeuchi, T., S, Satoh. dan Watanabe, T. 1983. Requirement of Tilapia nilotica for essential fatty acids. Bull. Japanese Society of Sci. Fisheries, 49(7): 1127-1134. Tamat, S.R., Wikanta, T. dan Maulina, L.S. 2007. Aktifitas antioksidan dan toksisitas senyawa bioaktif dari ekstrak rumput laut hijau Ulva reticulate Forsskal. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 5(1): 31-36. Trono, G.C., Jr. dan Ganzon-Fortes, E.T. 1988. Philippine Seaweeds. National Bookstore Inc., Metro Manila, Philippines. 330 pp. Tukmechi, A., Hobbenaghi, R., Holasso, R. dan Morvaridi, A. 2009. Streptococcosis in a Pet Fish, Astronotus ocellatus: A Case Study. Int. J. Biol. Life Sci., 1(1): 30-31. Valente, L.M., Gouveia, A., Rema, P., Matos, J., Gomes, E.F. dan Pinto, I.S. 2006. Evaluation of three seaweeds Gracilaria bursa, Ulva rigida and Gracilaria cornea as dietary ingredients in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus Iabrax) juvenile. Aquaculture, 252: 85- 91. Varvarigos, P. 2001. Gram positive cocco bacteria (Micrococcaceae, Streptococcaceae) causing systemic disease in intensively farmed fish in Greece. Elsever. Wassef, E.A., El-Sayed, A.F.M., Kdaneel, K.M. dan Sakr. E.M. 2005. Evaluation of Pterocladia and Ulva meals as additives to gilthead seabream Sparus aurata diets. Egypt J Aquat Res, 31: 321–332.
Webster, C.D. dan Lim, C. 2002. Nutrient Requirement and Feeding of Finfish for Aquaculture. CABI Publishing, CAB International. New York, USA. Wiryanta, B.T.W., Sunaryo, S.P., Astuti, S.P., dan Kurniawan, M.B. 2010. Budidaya dan Bisnis Ikan Nila. PT. Agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta. Wong, K.H., dan Cheung P.C. 2000. Nutritional evaluation of some subtropical red dan green seaweeds I. proximate composition, amino acid profiles and some physico-chemical properties. Food Chem., 71: 475- 482. Yuasa. K., Kitancharoen, N., Kataoka, Y. dan Al-Murbaty, F.A. 1999. Streptococcus iniae, the causative agent of mass mortality in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus in Bahrain. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 11: 87 –99. Zainuddin, E. N dan Malina, A, C. 2009. Skrining Rumput Laut Asal Sulawesi Selatan sebagai Antibiotik Melawan Bakteri Patogen pada Ikan. Laporan Penelitian Research Grant, Biaya Imhere-Dikti. Zlotkin, A., Hershko, H. dan Eldar, A. 1998. Possible transmission of Streptococcus iniae from wild fish to cultured marine fish. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 64: 4065–4067.