Perpustakaan Anak di Kampung Baru. Riau “Perancangan lansekap sebagai pendukung aktivitas belajar anak”
DAFTAR ISI
KEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... i CATATAN DOSEN PEMBIMBING .................................................................. ii
PERNYATAAN .................................................................................................... iii KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................v
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... vi DAFAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................x DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. xiv DAFTAR DIAGRAM ........................................................................................ xiv
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................xv ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ xvi BAB I
: PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Judul Perancangan .....................................................................................1 1.2 Pengertian Judul .........................................................................................1 1.3 Latar Belakang ...........................................................................................2 1.3.1
Manfaat Membaca Bagi Anak .......................................................5
1.3.2
Karakter Belajar Anak....................................................................5
1.4 Rumusan Permasalahan .............................................................................8 1.4.1 Permasalahan Umum .....................................................................8 1.4.2 Permasalahan Khusus.....................................................................8 1.5 Tujuan dan Sasaran ....................................................................................8 1.5.1 Tujuan ............................................................................................8 1.5.2 Sasaran ...........................................................................................8 1.6 Lingkup Batasan ........................................................................................8 1.7 Keaslian Penulisan .....................................................................................9 1.8 Kerangka Pola Pikir .................................................................................10 1.9 Sistematika Penulisan ..............................................................................11 1.10 Metoda Perancangan ................................................................................12 1.10.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data ...........................................................12 1.10.2 Studi Kasus ...................................................................................12 vi
Perpustakaan Anak di Kampung Baru. Riau “Perancangan lansekap sebagai pendukung aktivitas belajar anak”
1.10.3 Metode Analisis Data ....................................................................12 BAB II: KAJIAN TEORI 2.1 Perpustakaan ............................................................................................14 2.1.1 Pengertian Perpustakaan ...............................................................14 2.1.2 Fungsi Perpustakaan .....................................................................15 2.1.3 Jenis - Jenis Perpustakaan .............................................................15 2.2 Tinjauan Perpustakaan Anak ...................................................................17 2.2.1 Pengertian Perpustakaan Anak .....................................................17 2.2.2 Fungsi Perpustakaan Anak ............................................................18 2.2.3 Karakteristik Perpustakaan Anak ..................................................18 2.3 Lokasi Perancangan .................................................................................19 2.3.1 Kondisi Umum Desa Kampung Baru ...........................................19 2.4 Tinjauan Perkembangan Anak .................................................................22 2.4.1 Perkembangan Anak ......................................................................22 2.4.2 Manfaat Bermain Bagi Perkembangan Anak ................................25 2.4.3 Perkembangan Kreativitas Anak....................................................29
2.4.4 Perkembangan Imajinasi Anak ......................................................30 2.4.5 Karakteristik Anak Usia Sekolah (6-15 tahun) ..............................32 2.5 Tinjauan Bentuk Pola ...............................................................................36 2.5.1 Bentuk ............................................................................................36
2.6 Konfigurasi Jalur ......................................................................................39 2.7 Lansekap ..................................................................................................42 2.8 Studi Kasus ..............................................................................................49 2.8.1 Hockessin Public Library................................................................49 2.8.2 Stunning Public Library Architecture (Canada) ............................50 2.8.3 Kesimpulan Study Banding ............................................................51 BAB III: METODE 3.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................53 3.2 Metoda Analisis .........................................................................................54 3.3 Metoda Penyelesaian Masalah ...................................................................55 3.4 Metoda Pengujian Rancangan ....................................................................55
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Perpustakaan Anak di Kampung Baru. Riau “Perancangan lansekap sebagai pendukung aktivitas belajar anak”
BAB IV: ANALISIS 4.1 Analisis Site ...............................................................................................58 4.1.1 Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................................58 4.1.2 Pemilihan Lokasi ..............................................................................59 4.1.3 Kondisi Site ......................................................................................60 4.1.4 Analisis View dan Pencapaian .........................................................61 4.1.5 Analisis Site terhadap Matahari dan Angin ......................................63 4.1.6 Analisis Vegetasi ..............................................................................64
4.1.7 Pola-Pola Drainase Permukaan Site .................................................65 4.1.8 Bangunan Sekitar Site Yang Berpengaruh .......................................66 4.2 Analisis Program Ruang ...........................................................................69 4.2.1 Latar Belakang Perilaku Pemakai ....................................................69 4.2.2 Analisis Aktivitas Pemakai ..............................................................69 4.2.3 Analisis Kapasitas dan Besaran Ruang ............................................73 4.2.4 Analisis Standar Anatomi Anak ........................................................75 4.2.5 Analisis Standar Ruang Perpustakaan ...............................................78
4.2.6 Analisis Alur Kegiatan .....................................................................80 4.2.7 Organisasi Ruang .............................................................................83 4.2.8 Konfigurasi Ruang ...........................................................................84 4.3 Analisis Gubahan Massa Bangunan ..........................................................87 4.3.1 Analisis Bentuk Massa Banngunan ..................................................87 4.4 Analisis Lansekap .....................................................................................89 4.4.1 Landform ..........................................................................................89 4.4.2 Vegetasi ............................................................................................90
4.4.3 Air.....................................................................................................92 4.4.4 Perkerasan ........................................................................................93
4.4.5 Konstruksi ........................................................................................94 4.5 Analisis Karakter Anak .............................................................................95 4.5.1 Dinamis ............................................................................................95 4.5.2 Imajinatif ...........................................................................................96 4.6 Manfaat Imajinasi Bagi Anak ..................................................................96
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Perpustakaan Anak di Kampung Baru. Riau “Perancangan lansekap sebagai pendukung aktivitas belajar anak”
BAB V: KONSEP PERANCANGAN
5.1 Konsep ......................................................................................................99 5.2 Konsep Perancangan .................................................................................99 5.2.1 Konsep Zoning ...................................................................................99 5.2.2 Konsep Konfigurasi .........................................................................101 5.2.3 Konsep Sirkulasi ..............................................................................102
5.2.4 Konsep Bentuk Muka Tanah............................................................104 5.2.5 Konsep Vegetasi ..............................................................................105 5.2.6 Konsep Air .......................................................................................109 5.2.7 Konsep Perkerasan ...........................................................................109 5.2.8 Konsep Penggunaan Pasir ................................................................110 5.2.9 Konsep Penggunaan Konstruksi ......................................................110 5.3 Konsep Gubahan Massa ..........................................................................111 5.3.1 Konsep Gubahan (Transportasi Bentuk) ..........................................112 5.3.2 Konsep Bangunan (Transformasi Bentuk) .......................................113
5.4 Konsep fungsi Bangunan ........................................................................115 5.4.1 Perpustakaan .....................................................................................116 5.4.2 Bangunan Pendukung .......................................................................117 5.4.3 Konsep Fungsi Ruang Lansekap .......................................................117 5.5 Hasil Uji Desain ......................................................................................119
BAB VI: PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN 6.1 Zoning Ruang..........................................................................................123
6.2 Sirkulasi ..................................................................................................124 6.3 Bangunan ................................................................................................125 6.3.1 Fasade Bangunan .............................................................................125 6.3.2 Fungsi Bangunan .............................................................................126 6.4 Ruang Luar (Lansekap) ...........................................................................127 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... xvii
LAMPIRAN
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Perpustakaan Anak di Kampung Baru. Riau “Perancangan lansekap sebagai pendukung aktivitas belajar anak”
DAFTAR GAMBAR
BAB I Gambar 1.1 Karakter anak yang cenderung bermain dan belajar ..................
3
Gambar 1.2 Ilustrasi Lansekap Dinamis ........................................................
6
Gambar 1.3 Ilustrasi Lansekap Imajinatif ......................................................
7
BAB II Gambar 2.1 Aktivitas dalam Perpustakaan Anak ..........................................
17
Gambar 2.2 Peta Kabupaten Pelalawan .........................................................
19
Gambar 2.3 Tugu Masuk Desa Kampung Baru .............................................
20
Gambar 2.4 Tanah Kas Desa ditanami Kelapa Sawit ....................................
21
Gambar 2.5 Tanah Fasum Untuk Sarana Pendidikan ....................................
21
Gambar 2.6 Pasar Desa SRI BUNIAN .........................................................
21
Gambar 2.7 Masjid Al – Muhajirin ..............................................................
21
Gambar 2.8 Anak Melompat ..........................................................................
22
Gambar 2.9 Perkembangan Bicara .................................................................
23
Gambar 2.10 Anak bermain bersama .............................................................
23
Gambar 2.11 Anak bermain di luar ................................................................
25
Gambar 2.12 Bermain ....................................................................................
26
Gambar 2.13 Menggambar ............................................................................
29
Gambar 2.14 Bermain Alat Musik .................................................................
30
Gambar 2.15 Bentuk Dasar ............................................................................
36
Gambar 2.16 Terpusat ....................................................................................
37
Gambar 2.17 Linier ........................................................................................
38
Gambar 2.18 Radial .......................................................................................
38
Gambar 2.19 Cluster ......................................................................................
39
Gambar 2.20 Grid...........................................................................................
39
Gambar 2.21 Konfigurasi Linier ....................................................................
40
Gambar 2.22 Konfigurasi Radial ...................................................................
40
Gambar 2.23 Konfigurasi Spiral ....................................................................
40
Gambar 2.24 Konfigurasi Grid ......................................................................
41
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Perpustakaan Anak di Kampung Baru. Riau “Perancangan lansekap sebagai pendukung aktivitas belajar anak”
Gambar 2.25 Konfigurasi Jaringan ................................................................
41
Gambar 2.26 Ground Cover ...........................................................................
44
Gambar 2.27 Tanaman Pendinding ................................................................
44
Gambar 2.28 Tanaman Pembatas ...................................................................
45
Gambar 2.29 Tanaman Pengarah ...................................................................
45
Gambar 2.30 Tanaman Peneduh ....................................................................
46
Gambar 2.31 Hockessin Public Library .........................................................
49
Gambar 2.32 Site Section...............................................................................
49
Gambar 2.33 Concept Sketch .........................................................................
49
Gambar 2.34 Stunning Public Library Architecture ......................................
50
Gambar 2.35 Stunning Public Library Architecture ......................................
50
BAB IV Gambar 4.1 Lokasi Site Terpilih ....................................................................
59
Gambar 4.2 Analisis View dan Pencapaian ...................................................
62
Gambar 4.3 Analisis Matahari dan Angin......................................................
63
Gambar 4.4 Analisis Vegetasi Eksisting ........................................................
64
Gambar 4.5 Analisis Drainase Tapak.............................................................
65
Gambar 4.6 Analisis Bangunan Sekitar Site ..................................................
66
Gambar 4.7 Bentuk dan Karakter Kantor Desa .............................................
67
Gambar 4.8 Bentuk dan Karakter TK ............................................................
67
Gambar 4.9 Bentuk dan Karakter SDN..........................................................
67
Gambar 4.10 Bentuk dan Karakter RA dan MI Al-Islamiyah .......................
67
Gambar 4.11 Bentuk dan Karakter MTs Al-Islamiyah ..................................
68
Gambar 4.12 Bentuk dan Karakter MA Al-Islamiyah ...................................
68
Gambar 4.13 Bentuk dan Karakter Gedung KUD .........................................
68
Gambar 4.14 Standar Tinggi Anak Laki-laki .................................................
75
Gambar 4.15 Standar Tinggi Anak Perempuan .............................................
76
Gambar 4.16 Standar Pencapaian Tangan Anak ............................................
76
Gambar 4.17 Standar Posisi Level Mata ........................................................
77
Gambar 4.18 Standar Tinggi Meja .................................................................
77
Gambar 4.19 Stanar Lebar Meja ....................................................................
77
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Perpustakaan Anak di Kampung Baru. Riau “Perancangan lansekap sebagai pendukung aktivitas belajar anak”
Gambar 4.20 Standar Tinggi Tempat Duduk .................................................
78
Gambar 4.21 Standar Lebar Tempat Duduk ..................................................
78
Gambar 4.22 Standar Ukuran Rak Perpustakaan ...........................................
78
Gambar 4.23 Standar Sirkulasi Perpustakaan ................................................
79
Gambar 4.24 Organisasi Ruang .....................................................................
83
Gambar 4.25 Bentuk Linier Melalui Ruang...................................................
84
Gambar 4.26 Bentuk Linier Menembus Ruang .............................................
84
Gambar 4.27 Bentuk Radial ...........................................................................
85
Gambar 4.28 Bentuk Konfigurasi Jaringan ....................................................
85
Gambar 4.29 Konfigurasi Gabungan (Linier, Radial, dan Jaringan) .............
86
Gambar 4.30 Analisis Ketinggian Kontur ......................................................
89
Gambar 4.31 Aktivitas Anak dibawah Pohon ................................................
91
Gambar 4.32 Aktivitas Anak diatas Groun cover ..........................................
92
Gambar 4.33 Aktivitas Bermain Pasir ...........................................................
94
Gambar 4.34 Ilustrasi Lanskap Dinamsi ........................................................
95
Gambar 4.35 Ilustrasi Lanskap Imajinatif ......................................................
96
BAB V Gambar 5.1 Konsep Zoning ...........................................................................
100
Gambar 5.2 Konsep Konfigurasi....................................................................
101
Gambar 5.3 Konsep Sirkulasi Lansekap ........................................................
102
Gambar 5.4 Konsep Sirkulasi Dalam Perpustakaan ......................................
103
Gambar 5.5 Konsep Sirkulasi Dalam Bangunan Pendukung......................... Pendukung.........................
103
Gambar 5.6 Bentuk Muka Tanah Yang Berkontur ........................................
104
Gambar 5.7 Konsep Pengolahan Kontur Tapak .............................................
104
Gambar 5.8 Pohon Kiara Payung ...................................................................
105
Gambar 5.9 Pohon Bungur .............................................................................
106
Gambar 5.10 Pohon Ketapang .......................................................................
107
Gambar 5.11 Pohon Palem Raja ....................................................................
107
Gambar 5.12 Konsep Vegetasi .......................................................................
108
Gambar 5.13 Penyediaan Kolam Menimbulkan Kesan Tenang ....................
109
Gambar 5.14 Contoh Perkerasan Penutup Muka Tanah ................................
110
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Perpustakaan Anak di Kampung Baru. Riau “Perancangan lansekap sebagai pendukung aktivitas belajar anak”
Gambar 5.15 Konsep Gubahan Massa ...........................................................
112
Gambar 5.16 Transformasi Bentuk Bnagunan ...............................................
113
Gambar 5.17 Tampak Depan Bangunan Utama ............................................
114
Gambar 5.18 Tampak Samping Bangunan Utama .........................................
114
Gambar 5.19 Tampak Depan Bangunan Pendukung .....................................
114
Gambar 5.20 Tampak Samping Bangunan Pendukung .................................
114
Gambar 5.21 Konsep Degradasi Warna Pada Fasade ....................................
115
Gambar 5.22 Konsep Fungsi Bangunan.........................................................
115
Gambar 5.23 Perpustakaan.............................................................................
116
Gambar 5.24 Bangunan Pendukung...............................................................
117
Gambar 5.25 Konsep Ruang Lansekap ..........................................................
118
BAB IV Gambar 6.1 Zoning ........................................................................................
123
Gambar 6.2 Sirkulasi Dalam tapak ................................................................
124
Gambar 6.3 Fasade Perpustakaan ..................................................................
125
Gambar 6.4 Fasade Bangunan Pendukung.....................................................
125
Gambar 6.5 Fungsi Bangunan Utama ............................................................
126
Gambar 6.6 Fungsi Bnagunan Pendukung .....................................................
126
Gambar 6.7 Lansekap Perpustakaan Anak.....................................................
127
Gambar 6.8 Enterance ....................................................................................
127
Gambar 6.9 Jalur Sirkulasi Dalam Tapak ......................................................
128
Gambar 6.10 Pola Sirkulasi Utama Tapak .....................................................
128
Gambar 6.11 Furniture dan Sculpture ............................................................
129
Gambar 6.12 Taman Belajar dan Bermain .....................................................
130
Gambar 6.13 View Mata Burung Lansekap Perpustakaan Anak ...................
130
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Perpustakaan Anak di Kampung Baru. Riau “Perancangan lansekap sebagai pendukung aktivitas belajar anak”
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel.1 Luas Wilayah Menurut Peruntukan Tanah Tahun 2010 ...................
20
Tabel.2 Data Prasarana Pendidikan Tahun 2009-2010 ..................................
22
Tabel.3 Karakteristik Anak-Anak Sesuai Umur ............................................
35
Tabel.4 Variable Pengujian Desain ................................................................
57
Tabel.5 Aktivitas Utama Perpustakaan Anak dan Kebutuhan Ruang............
70
Tabel 6 Aktivitas Pendukung Perpustakaan dan Kebutuhan Ruang ..............
71
Tabel 7 Aktivitas Penunjang Perpustakaan dan Kebutuhan Ruang ...............
71
Tabel 8 Aktivitas Pengelola dan Kebutuhan Ruang ......................................
72
Tabel 9 Hasil Uji Desain ................................................................................
103
DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 4.1 Alur Kegiatan Anak ..................................................................
80
Diagram 4.2 Alur Kegiatan Orang Tua atau Pengasuh ..................................
80
Diagram 4.3 Alur Kegiatan Pimpinan............................................................
81
Diagram 4.4 Alur Kegiatan Pengelola atau Staff ...........................................
81
Diagram 4.5 Alur Alur Kegiatan Pengajar dan Pembimbing ........................
81
Diagram 4.6 Alur Kegiatan Kegiatan Tenaga Kesehatan ..............................
82
Diagram 4.7 Alur Kegiatan Tenaga Servis / Pelayanan .................................
82
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