THIRD REGIONAL EST FORUM IN ASIA
Country Initiatives on ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT IN INDONESIA BY: DR. ELLY ADRIANI SINAGA
Directorate General of Land Transportation Ministry of Transportation REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA 17 March 2008 1
1. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia : The Archipelago Country Population 230 m (2007) Jakarta ,the Capital City 650km2; 8,86 m people (2% growth/annum) The surrounding cities: BODETABEK; 5789 km2; 23,673 m people (2,09% growth/annum)
JAKARTA
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2. CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS JAKARTA, the Capital City • Number of vehicles 6,3 m (growth 11% /annum ) : - Private Car: 89.45% (Motorcycle: 54.14%) - Goods Vehs: 9.21% - Public Transport Vehs: 1.35% (56% share) • 700 private cars increase/dayÆ Need 3 km road length/day; Road growth 0.1%).
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Portrait of current motor cycle usage Polution It gives us the way to suicide
Low cost, low travelling time, high speed and …..high RiSK
But ….. Door to door .very cheap .any road 4
Typical Traffic Problems SMALL PARATRANSIT
CONGESTION
POLUTION TRADITIONAL MARKET
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Number of Trips (trips/day) 9.468.203 (2002) 12.600.000 (2007) 13.187.391 (2010) 14.600.000 (2014)
Bekasi JAKARTA
Tangerang 1.513.839 1.746.452 1.926.184 2.012.345
973.768 (2002) 1.123.396 (2007) 1.237.677 (2010) 1.293.040 (2014)
(2002) (2007) (2010) (2014) 1.108.396 1.278.709 1.413.027 1.476.234
(2002) (2007) (2010) (2014)
Bogor & Depok 6
CONSTRAINT & ISSUES
50 50 45 45 40 40 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 15
3.300 3.000 2.700 2.400 Vehicles Unit 2.100 (x 1.000) 1.800 1.500
Time Series
2014
2012
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1.200
1994
Width (mill. m2)
ROAD WIDTH UTILIZATION BY VEHICLES GROWTH IN JAKARTA
road jalan veh kend.
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3. TRANSPORTATION POLICY Pro-public transport. Develop sustainable and reliable public transport system which covers the whole urban area, and provide service to all level of income group. COST PER PASS-KM
Bus-based Mass Transit System - BRT 300
Cheaper Operating Cost Optimal use of lanes; The development is quick, cheap & flexible.
218
250 200
Rp.
• • •
150 100
135 79
50 0 Bus Besar
Bus Sedang
Angkot
Kind of Transportation
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STRATEGY FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE MOBILITY (JAKARTA)
Mass Mass Transit Transit
TransJakarta Busway (BRT)
Monorail – Light Rail Transit
Waterways
Mass Rapid Transit
Peds. Peds. Facilities Facilities & & NMV NMV
Integrated Network for Pedestrians & NMV
Pedestrian Walkways, Curbs, PedsCrossing
Facilities for Diffable People & Senior People
Traffic Traffic Restraint Restraint
Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)
Parking Management/ Restraint
Car free day event
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4.Best practices (PUBLIC TRANSPORT REFORM) Small-inefficient paratransit Æ bigger, cheaper, safer BRT system Un-scheduled bunching and leaf frogging Æ regular and reliable operation Private-small ownership Æ more professional management company
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TRANSJAKARTA BUSWAY AT A GLANCE
Transfer Activities In “Harmoni Central Busway Transfer Station”
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PT Authority
Subsidy Revenue
Operating cost
MANAGEMENT
Ticket revenue
If deficit: subsidy
If surplus: Sistem development:
Payment
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BUSWAY CORRIDORS (UP TO 2007) TJ. PRIOK
1 KALIDERES
7 CORRIDORS :
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ANCOL KOTA
HARMONI
1. Blok M – Kota (2004)
HI
2. Pulogadung – Harmoni (2006)
PULOGADUNG DUKUH ATAS
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KUNINGAN
3. Kalideres – Harmoni (2006) 4. Pulogadung - Dukuh Atas (2007)
2
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PULOGEBANG KP. MELAYU
BLOK M
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5. Kp.Melayu – Ancol (2007) 7
6. Ragunan – Kuningan (2007) 7. Kp.Rambutan - Kp.Melayu (2007)
RAGUNAN KP. RAMBUTAN
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Mass Transportation on Road Time Savings in Jakarta
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BUSWAY IMPACTS 1. 14% of busway user shifted from private car (JICA) 2. Number of busway passenger increase significantly each year 3. Based on Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) research, each year busway operation: a. reduce emission 155 ton of Nox b. reduce 23 ton of Particulate c. reduce CO2 emission up to 20,000 ton
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BRT Benefit
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BOGOR -“Kota Sejuta Angkot”Æ (“City of Paratransit”) Private/Personal Fleet ownership -Conventional Management
- Operating Urban Mass Transport, * as a new transport mode, * More comfortable (air conditioned buses) - New professional management * Smart Card Ticketing System * Scheduled Services - Using Biofuel (Waste Cooking oil)
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Yogyakarta Before: Services Of Paratransit * Private/Personal Fleet Ownership * Conventional Management * Non Motorized Vehicles
a. Operating Urban Mass Transport, * as a new transport mode, * More comfortable (air conditioned buses)
b. Operated By a Consortium Company c. New professional management * * * *
Smart Card On-line Ticketing System Scheduled Services Public Private Partnership Local governments coordination
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“ TRANS JOGJA ”
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5. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT A. BRT System Be Implemented in Other Big and Medium Cities, 2008 :
z Metropolitan city : Jabodetabek z Big Cities: Medan – North Sumatera; Bandung – West Java; Semarang – Central Java; Surabaya – East Java; Makassar – South Sulawesi; Medium Cities: Pekanbaru, Surakarta, Manado Elevated Busway on The Toll Road Network In Greater Jakarta Æ JABODETABEK 20
FUTURE JABODETABEK BUSWAY DEVELOPMENT KALIDERES GROGOL
PULO GADUNG
CILEDUG CIKUPA SERPONG
PONDOK INDAH
KALIMALANG
KP RAMBUTAN RAGUNAN
Koridor A (Non Tol): Cikupa-BitungTangerang-Kalideres Koridor A (Tol): Cikupa-Bitung-Tol MerakÆJakarta-Grogol
CIBUBUR (CILEUNGSI) DEPOK
Koridor B (Non Tol) Serpong (BSD) Puspitek-Pondok Cabe-Pondok Indah Koridor B (Tol) Serpong (BSD) -Tol SerpongÆJakarta-Ciledug Koridor C (Non Tol) Depok (Margonda)-Lenteng Agung-Ragunan Koridor D (Non Tol) Cibubur (Cileungsi) via Jl Raya Bogor-Kampung Rambutan Koridor D (Tol) Cibubur (Cileungsi) via Jl Tol Jagorawi-Kampung Rambutan Koridor E (Non Tol) Cikarang-CibitungBekasi-Kalimalang/Pulo Gadung Koridor E (Tol) Cikarang-Tol CikampekÆ Jakarta-Kalimalang
Bogor, Depok, Bekasi and Tangerang physically and economicaly agglomerate to Jakarta form a megapolitan city of Jabodetabek. The Transportation Masterplan should cater all megapolitan areas, and public transport operation serving to and from Jakarta to the urban fringes. 21
B. Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) z Area: Phase 1 replacing 3-in-1 scheme Phase 2: East – West (between railway lines)
z Charging Methods: Area Pricing {Target : Cars and Motorcycles {Operation Hours : 07:00-10:00; 16:00-19:00 Mon-Fri. z Benefit: Financial : IRR =23.4%, B/C=1.69, NPV=1274 billions Rps
z Expected Impacts: pull-out 20% traffic from area 22
Jakarta 3-in-1 Scheme Only vehicles with three or more passengers were allowed to enter the restricted road section
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in 1 scheme will be replaced by Electronic Road Pricing in 2009 Jabodetabek Toll-road will be eqquiped by Electronic Toll Collection System
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3. Intelligent Transport System Development
• • • • • •
Jakarta Bandung Surabaya Batam Tegal Pekanbaru 24
4. Traffic Safety for Children
Helmet for Kids
School Safety Zone
Traffic safety Publication 25
5. Improvement Of Motor Vehicle Technology, Inspection and Maintenance
Implementation EURO Standard for new production
EURO 2 at 2007;
EURO 4 at 2012 (plan);
EURO 5 at 2015 (plan).
Implementation Compulsory Periodical Vehicle Inspection for Private Cars and Motorcycle under New Road Transport and Traffic Law 26
6. Energy Diversification
Gas for Transport (CNG): 1755 unit Converter Kit installed on taxis in Jakarta
Bio fuel (Bio-solar and Bio-ethanol) for government vehicles;
Waste Cooking Oil (BDF in Bogor) 27
TERIMA
KASIH
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