183 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Adachi, M., Y. S., Bekku, W. R. Kadir, T. Okuda, and H. Koizumi, 2006. Differences in soil respiration between different tropical ecosystems. Appl. Soil Ecol. 34:258–265. Agnihotri, S., K. Kulshreshtha, and S. N. Singh. 1998. Mitigation strategy to contain methane emission from rice fields. Environ. Monitoring and Assesment. Kluwer Ac. Publ. Netherlands. Anderson, T. H. and R. G. Joergensen. 1997. Relationship between sir and fe estimates of microbial biomass C in deciduous forest soils at different pH. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29:1033–1042. Anonim. 2008. Sertifikat pangan organik diberikan kepada asosiasi petani organik di Kecamatan Sambirejo, Kabupaten Sragen Jateng. Lembaga Sertifikasi Organik Indonesian Organic Farming Certification (INOFICE). Ariani, M., P. Setyanto, dan T. Sopiawati. 2011. Identifikasi emisi metana (CH4) pada sistem integrasi tanaman-ternak (SITT). www.balingtan.litbang.deptan.go.id. Selasa, 15 November 2011 09:21 Arifin, Z. 1996. Azolla, pembudidayaan dan pemanfaatan pada tanaman padi. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. Arifin, Z. 2003. Substitusi pupuk nitrogen anorganik dengan Azolla pada padi sawah. dalam: Kaimuddin, B. Ibrahim dan L. Tangko. 2008. Budidaya padi sawah irigasi dengan aplikasi Azolla dan ikan nila. J. Agrivigor 7:242-253. Arsana, I. G. K. D. 2012. Efisiensi pemanfaatan air tanaman padi pada bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir daerah aliran sungai Yeh Ho Provinsi Bali. Disertasi. Program Pascasarjana FP UGM. Yogyakarta. Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2004. Standar Nasional Indonesia. Air dan air limbah. Bagian 9: Cara uji nitrit (NO2-N) secara spektrofotometri. BSN. Jakarta. Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2004. Standar Nasional Indonesia. Air dan air limbah. Bagian 14: Cara uji oksigen terlarut secara yodometri (modifikasi azida). BSN. Jakarta. Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2010. Standar Nasional Indonesia. Sistem pangan organik. SNI 6729:2010. Departemen Pertanian Indonesia. Jakarta. Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi. 2008. Deskripsi padi varietas IR64. Departemen Pertanian Republik Indonesia. Bennicelli, R. P., T. I. Balakhnina, K. Szajnocha, and A. Banach. 2005. Aerobic conditions and antioxidative system of Azolla caroliniana Willd. in the presence of Hg in water solution. Int. Agrophysics. 19:27-30.
184 Bharati, K., S. R. Mohanty, D. P. Singh, V. R. Rao, and T. K. Adhya. 2000. Influence of incorporation or dual cropping of Azolla on methane emission from a flooded alluvial soil planted to rice in eastern India. Agri. Eco. Environ. 79:73 – 83. Boeckx, P., and O. V. Cleemput. 1996. Flux estimates from soil methanogenesis and methanotrophy : landfills, rice paddles, natural wetlands and aerobic soils. Environ. Monitoring Assessment. 42:189-207. Bond, D. R. and D. R. Lovley. 2002. Reduction of Fe(III) oxide by methanogens in the presence and absence of extracellular quinones. Environ. Microbiol. 4:115-124. Brzezińska, M., M. Nosalewicz, M. Pasztelan, and T. Włodarczyk. 2012. Methane production and consumption in loess soil at different slope position. The Scientific World Journal. Article ID 620270:1-8. Buol, S. W., F. D. Hole, and R. J. McCaracken. 1980. Soil genesis and classification. The Iowa State University. Press America. 406p. Bouwman A. F. 1990. Exchange of greenhouse gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. In Bouwman A. F. (ed.) Soils and the greenhouse effects. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore. BPS dan BAPPEDA Sragen. 2008. Kabupaten Sragen dalam angka tahun 2008. Kerjasama Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sragen dengan Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Sragen. Chan, A. S. K., and T. B. Parkin. 2000. Evaluation of potential inhibitors of methanogenesis and methane oxidation in a landfill cover soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 32:1581-1590. Changseng, L. I. 2007. Quantifying greenhouse gas emission from soils : scientific basis and modelling approach. Soil Sci. and Plant Nutr. 53:344352. Conrad, R. 1989. Control of methane production in terrestrial ecosystems. Facultät für Biologie, Univertität Konstanz. Germany. In Andreae, M. O., and Schimel, D. S. (ed.) Exchange of trace gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. p39-58. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore. Conrad, R., and H. Schutz. 1988. Methods of studying methanogenic bacteria and methanogenic activities in aquatic environments. In Austin B. (ed.) Methods in aquatic bacteriology. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore. Conrad, R., H. Schutz, and M. Babbel. 1987. Temperature limitation of hydrogen turn over and methanogenesis in anoxic paddy soils. FEM Microbiol. Ecol. 45:281-289.
185 Conrad, R., M. Klose, and P. Claus. 2000. Phospahate inhibits acetotrophic methanogenesis on rice roots. Applied and Environ. Microbiol. Am. Soc. Microbiol. 66:828-831. Curtin, D., M. H. Beare and G. H. Ramirez. 2012. Temperature and moisture effects on microbial biomass and soil organic matter mineralization. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76:2055-2067. Dalal, R. C., D. E. Allen, K. Y. Chan, and B. P. Singh. 2011. Soil organic matter, soil health and climate change. In: Singh, B. P., A. L. Cowie, and K. Y. Chan. Soil health and climate change. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. p87-106. Dames, T. W. G. 1951. The soils of east central Java. Contrib. Gen. Agric. Res. Sta., Bogor. No. 148. in : Subagjo and P. Buurman. 1980. Soil catenas on the west and north-east slopes of the Lawu volcano, east Java. In Buurman, P. (ed.). 1980. Red soils in Indonesia. Agric. Res. Rep. (Versl. landbouwk. Onderz) 889, ISBN 90 220 0715 4, Buletin No. 5. Soil Research Institute, Bogor. 169p. Dar, S. A., R. Kleerebezem, A. J. M. Stams, J. G. Kuenen, and G. Muyzer. 2008. Competition and coexistence of sulfate-reducing bacteria, acetogens and methanogens in a lab-scale anaerobic bioreactor as affected by changing substrate to sulfate ratio. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 78:1045–1055. Datun, M., Sukandarrumidi, B. Hermanto, dan N. Suwarna. 1997. Peta geologi lembar Ponorogo, Jawa. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi. Bandung. Djojosuwito, S. 2000. Azolla: Pertanian organik dan multiguna. Penerbit Kanisius. Yogyakarta. Dobermann, A., and T. Fairhurst. 2000. Rice: Nutrient disorder and nutrient management. Handbook Series. PPI & PPIC Canada and IRRI Philippines. 191p. Draper, N. and H. Smith. 1981. Applied regression analysis. Second Edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Duan, Y. H., Y. L. Zhang, L. T. Ye, X. R. Fan, G. H. Xu and Q. R. Shen. 2007. Responses of rice cultivars with different nitrogen use efficiency to partial nitrate nutrition. Annals of Botany. 99:1153–1160. Durgin, P. B., and J. G. Chaney. 1984. Dispersion of kaolinite by dissolved organic from Douglas-FIR roots. Can. J. Soil Sci. 64:445-455. Ettwig, K. F., Butler, M. K., Le Paslier, D., Pelletier, E., Mangenot, S, Kuypers, M. M. M., Schreiber, F, Dutilh, B. E., Zedelius, J., de Beer, D., Gloerich, J., Wessels, H. J. C. T., van Alen, T., Luesken, F., Wu, M. L., van de PasSchoonen, K.T., Op den Camp, H. J. M., Janssen-Megens, E. M., Francoijs, K. J., Stunnenberg, H, Weissenbach, J, Jetten, M. S. M., and M., Strous.
186 2010. Nitrite-driven anaerobic methane oxidation by oxygenic bacteria. Nature. Macmillan Publ. Limited. 464:543-548. Eviati dan Sulaeman. 2009. Petunjuk teknis edisi 2: Analisis kimia tanah, tanaman, air, dan pupuk. Balai Penelitian Tanah. Balai Besar Litbang Sumber Daya Lahan Pertanian. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Departemen Pertanian. Bogor. FAO. 1990. Guidelines for Soil Description. 3rd Edition (Revised). Soil resources, management and conservation service. Land and Water Development Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. Rome. Freitag, T. E., Toet, S., Ineson, P., and J. I. Prosser. 2010. Links between methane flux and transcriptional activities of methanogens and methane oxidizers in a blanket peat bog. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 73:157-165. Foth, H. D. 1994. Dasar-dasar ilmu tanah. Terjemahan oleh Soenartono Adisoemarto. Erlangga. Jakarta. Furukawa, Y. and K. Inubushi. 2002. Feasible supression technique of methane emission from paddy soil by iron amendment. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 64:193-201. Gonzales, J. M., and D. A. Laird. 2003. Carbon sequestration in clay mineral fraction from C-14 labelled plant residues. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67:17151720. Graham, S. 2002. Rice paddy methane emissions depend on crops’ success. Sci. Am. News: August 20. Greenland, D. J. 1997. The sustainability of rice farming. CAB International, New York, USA and IRRI, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. 273p. Hakim, N., M. Y. Nyakpa, A. M. Lubis, S. G. Nugroho, M. R. Saul, M. A. Diha, G. B. Hong dan H. H. Bailey. 1986. Dasar-dasar ilmu tanah. Penerbit Universitas Lampung. Lampung. Hamdi, Y. A. 1982. Application of nitrogen-fixing systems in soil improvement and management. FAO. Rome. Hartati, S., H. Widijanto, dan D. P. Ariyanto, 2010. Dual system Azolla – padi: sebagai strategi mitigasi emisi GRK metana di lahan padi organik Kabupaten Sragen. Laporan Penelitian. DIPA BLU FP UNS TA 2010. Hartono, U. 1994. The petrology and geochemistry of the Wilis and Lawu volcanoes, east Java, Indonesia. Thesis. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy (geology) University of Tasmania. 317p. Hidayat, A., D. Djaenudin, H. Subardjo, dan D. Subardja. 2004. Petunjuk teknis pengamatan tanah. Balai Penelitian Tanah. Balai Besar Litbang Sumber Daya Lahan Pertanian. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Departemen Pertanian. Bogor.
187 Hidayat, C., A. Fanindi, S. Sopiyana, dan Komarudin. 2011. Peluang pemanfaatan tepung Azolla sebagai bahan pakan sumber protein untuk ternak ayam. Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner. Hal:678-683. Holzapfel-Pschorn A., R. Conrad, and W. Seiler. 1985. Production, oxidation and emission of methane in rice paddies. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 31: 343351. Holzapfel-Pschorn A., R. Conrad, and W. Seiler. 1986. Effects of vegetation on the emission of methane from submerged paddy soils. Plant and Soil. 92:223-233. Hou, A. X., G. X. Chen, Z. P. Wang, O. van Cleemput, and W. H. Patrick, Jr. 2000. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a rice field in relation to soil redox and microbiological processes. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64:2180−2186. Husnain dan H. Syahbuddin. 2005. Mungkinkah pertanian organik di Indonesia ? Peluang dan tantangan. Buletin Inovasi. Edisi Vol. 4/XVII Agustus 2005. Jakarta. Ibrahim, M., A. ul-Hasan, M. Arshad, and A. Tanveer. 2010. Variation in root growth and nutrient element concentration in wheat and rice: Effect of rate and type of organic materials. Soil Environ. J. 29:47 - 52. Inubushi, K., T. Mizuno, Y. Lou, T. Hasegawa, Y. Lin, W. Cheng, K. Kobayashi and M. Okada. 2010. Microbial biomass and activities in a Japanese paddy soil with ddifferences in atmospheric CO2 enrichment, soil/water warming and rice cultivars. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 1 – 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia. Published on DVD. Inubushi, K., Y. Furukawa, A. Hadi, E. Purnomo, and H. Tsuruta. 2001. Methane emission from rice cultivation. Agriculture: Rice Cultivation. Chapter 4.3. OECD Paris-France. Jiang, N., Y. Wang and X. Dong. 2009. Methanol as the primary methanogenic and acetogenic precursor in the cold zoige wetland at Tibetan plateau. Microbiol. Ecol. DOI:10.1007/s00248-009-9602-0. Publised online 23 Oktober 2009. Springer Science + Business Media. Joulian, C., B. Olliver, H. U. Neu, and P. A. Roger. 1996. Microbiological aspects of methane emission by a ricefield soil from the Camargue (France): Methanogenesis and related microflora. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 32:61-70. Joulian, C., S. Escoffier, J. L. Mer, H. E. Neue, and P. A. Roger. 1997. Populations and potential activities of methanogens and methanotrophs in rice fields: Relations with soil properties. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 33:105-116. Karama, S. 2001. Pertanian organik Indonesia kini dan nanti. Makalah Seminar. Disajikan pada Seminar Penggunaan Cendawan Mikoriza dalam Sistem Pertanian Organik dan Rehabilitasi Lahan Kritis. UNPAD Bandung.
188 Khan, M. M. 1988. Azolla agronomy. IBS – UPLB – SEAMO – Searca. Phillipine. Kiene, R. P., R. S. Oremland, A. Catena, L. G. Miller, and D. G. Capone. 1986. Metabolism of reduced methylated sulfur compounds in anaerobic sediments and by a pure culture on an estuarine methanogens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52:1037-1045. Kurnia, U., F. Agus, A. Adimihardja, dan A. Dariah. 2006. Sifat fisik tanah dan metode analisisnya. Balai Besar Litbang Sumber Daya Lahan Pertanian. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Departemen Pertanian. Labat, M., and J. L. Garcia. 1986. Study on the development of methanogenic microflora during anaerobic digestion of sugar beet pulp. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech. 25:163-168. Lales, J. S. and R. S. Marte. 1986. Long-term utilization of Azolla as organic fertilizer for low land rice. Philliphine Agriculture 69. Las, I., K. Subagyono, dan A. P. Setyanto, 2006. Isu dan pengelolaan lingkungan dalam revitalisasi pertanian. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian. 25:106-113. Le Mer, J. and P. Roger. 2011. Production, oxidation, emission and consumption of methane by soils: A review. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 37:25-50. Li, C. 2007. Quantifying green house gas emission from soils: Scientific basis and modeling approach. Jap. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 53:344-352. Liu, D. Y., W. X. Ding, Z. J. Jia, and Z. C. Cai. 2011. Relation between Methanogenic archaea and methane production potential in selected natural wetland ecosystems across China. Biogeosciences. 8:329–338. Liu, X., C. Min, L. Xia-shi, and L. Chungchu. 2008. Research on some functions of Azolla in CELSS System (controlled ecological life support system). Acta Astronautica. 63:1061-1066. Lumpkin, T. A. and D. L. Plucknett. 1980. Azolla: Botany, physiology and use green manure. Econ. Botany. 34:89-100. McCoy, S. 2001. Organic vegetable. A Guide to Production. Department of Agriculture. Western Australia. Montgomery, D. C., and E. A. Peck. 1991. Introduction to linear regression analysis. Variable selection and model building. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Mueller, T., R. G. Joergensen, and B. Meyer. 1992. Estimation of soil microbial biomass C in the presence of fresh roots by fumigation extraction. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24:179-181. Mujiyo dan J. Syamsiyah. 2006. Status kesuburan lahan sawah di Desa Palur, Mojolaban, Sukoharjo. Makalah Sosialisasi kepada Petani Desa Palur. Pengabdian DIPA Fakultas Pertanian UNS. Mujiyo, J. Syamsiyah, dan B. H. Sunarminto. 2010. Mitigasi emisi GRK (gas rumah kaca) sebagai strategi menjaga keberlanjutan produksi padi organik
189 di Kabupaten Sragen. Laporan Penelitian Hibah Penelitian Strategis Nasional. Dikti TA 2010. Mujiyo, Suntoro, Supriyono, dan Sudadi. 1998. Pengaruh jenis tanah dan tinggi genangan terhadap efektivitas penambatan N2, penyerapan N dan pertumbuhan Azolla (Azolla microphylla K.). Skripsi S1 Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta. Nader, G. A., and P. H. Robinson. 2010. Rice producers’ guide to marketing rice straw. Agriculture and Natural Resources. University of California. http://unrcatalog.ucdavis.edu Publ. 8425 October 2010. Neue, H. 1993. Methane emission from rice fields: wetland rice fields may make a major contribution to global warming. BioScience. 43:466-473. Nieder, R., and D. K. Benbi. 2008. Carbon and nitrogen in the terrestrial environment. Springer Science + Bussines Media B. V. Oades, J. M. 1984. Soil organic matter and structural stability: Mechanisms and implications for management. Plant and Soil. 76:319-337. Oelbermann, M., and S. L. Schiff. 2008. Quantifying carbon dioxide and methane emissions and carbon dynamics from flooded boreal forest soil. J. Environ. Qual. 37:2037-2047. Patrick, W. M. Jr., and C. N., Reddy. 1976. Nitrification-denitrification reaction in flooded soils and water bottoms: Dependence on oxygen supply and ammonium diffusion. J. Environ. Qual. 5:469-472. Patrick, W. M. Jr., and C. N., Reddy. 1978. Chemical changes in rice soils. In IRRI, Soil and Rice. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines. p.361-379. Piao, H. C., G. S. Liu, Y. Y. Wu, and W. B. Xu. 2001. Relationships of soil microbial biomass carbon and organic carbon with environmental parameters in mountainous soils of southwest China. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 33:347-350. Plante, A. F., R. T. Connan, C. E.Stewart, K. Paustian, and J. Six. 2006. Impact of soil texture on the distribution of soil organic matter in physical and chemical fraction. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70:287-296. Poerwowidodo. 1992. Metode selidik tanah. Cetakan I. Edisi 1992. Penerbit Usaha Nasional. Surabaya. Ponnamperuma, F. N. 1985. Chemical kinetics of wetland rice soils relative to soil fertility. In: IRRI, Wetland soils: characterization, classification, and utilization. Proc. IRRI Workshop 1984. Philippines. p.59-94. Prasanna, R., V. Kumar, S. Kumar, A. K. Yadav, U. Tripathi, A. K. Singh, M. C. Jain, P. Gupta, P. K. Singh, and N. Sethunathan. 2002. Methane production in rice soil is inhibited by Cyanobacteria. J. Microbiol. Research. 157:1-6. Pusat Penelitian Tanah. 1983. Tabel kunci untuk perkiraan kimia tanah dan tingkat kesuburan tanah. Litbang Deptan Indonesia. Bogor.
190 Raghoebarsing, A. A., A. Pol, K. T. van de Pas-Schoonen, A. J. P Smolders, K. F. Ettwig, I. C. Rijpstra, S. Schouten, J. S. S. Damste, H. J. M. Op den Camp, M. S. M. Jetten, and M. Strous. 2006. A microbial consortium couples anaerobic methane oxidation to denitrification. Nature. 440:918-921. Ranamukhaarachchi, S. L., and W. M. Ratnayake. 2006. The effect of straw, stubble and potassium on grain yield of rice in rice-rice cropping systems in the mid-country wet zone of Sri Lanka. ScienceAsia. 32:151-158. Reddy, K. R. and R. D. DeLaune. 2008. Biogeochemistry of wetlands: Science and applications. CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group. ISBN: 978-1-56670678-0. Rennenberg H, R. Wassmann, H. Papen, and W. Seiler. exchange in rice cultivation. Ecol. Bull. Copenhagen.
1992. Trace gases
Roden, E. E. 2003. Diversion of electron flow from methanogenesis to crystalline Fe(III) oxide reduction in carbon-limited cultures of wetland sediment microorganisms. Am. Soc. Microbiol. 69:5702–5706. Roesmarkam, A. 2001. Ilmu kesuburan tanah. Jurusan Ilmu Tanah. Fakultas Pertanian UGM. Yogyakarta. Sanchez, P. A. 1976. Properties and management of soils in the tropics. A WileyIntersscience Publ. John Wiley and Sons. New York. London. Sydney. Toronto. 617p. Santoso, E, dan S. Widati 2007. Analisis biologi tanah. Balai Penelitian Tanah. Balai Besar Litbang Sumber Daya Lahan Pertanian. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Departemen Pertanian. Bogor. Sasa, J., S. Partohardjono, dan A. M. Fagi. 2003. Azolla pada minapadi dan pengaruhnya terhadap produktivitas dan emisi gas metan di lahan sawah irigasi. Loka Penelitian Pencemaran Lingkungan Pertanian, Jakenan, Pati. Volume/Nomor : PP22/02. Schütz, H., W. Seiler, and W. Rennenberg. 1990. Soil and land use related sources and sinks of methane (CH4) in the context of the global methane budget. In Bouwman, A. F. (ed.) Soils and the Greenhouse Effects. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore. Setyanto, P. 2004. Methane emission and its mitigation in rice fields under different management practices in central Java. Thesis for the degree of doctor of philosophy. Universiti Putra Malaysia. Setyanto, P. 2010. Emisi GRK pada Lahan Sawah. (Komunikasi Pribadi). Balingtan. Departemen Pertanian. Jakenan. Pati. Setyanto, P., A. B. Rosenani, R. Boer, C. I. Fauziah, and M. J. Khanif. 2004. The effect of rice cultivars on methane emission from irrigated rice field. Ind. J. Agric. Sci. 5:20-31.
191 Setyorini, D., S. Rochayati, dan S. J. Adiningsih. 2002. Peranan uji tanah dalam meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan pupuk. Balitbang Pertanian. Departemen Pertanian Indonesia. Shin, Y. K., S. H. Yun, M. E. Park, and B. L. Lee. 1996. Mitigation options for methane emission from rice fields in Korea. Ambio. 25:289-291. Six, J., R. T. Conant, E. A. Paul, and K. Paustian. 2002. Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: Implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant Soil. 241:155-176. Slonczewski, J. 2009. Nitrate/nitrite methane oxidation. (ed.) BIOL 238 Microbiology. Kenyon College. Snyder, C. H. 2004. Organic compounds: Alkanes and cycloalkanes. Chemistry Department. University of Miami. Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy, 11th ed. USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC. Sorensen, L. H. 1972. Stabilization of newly formed amino-acid metabolites in soil by clay minerals. Soil Sci. 114:5-11. Steel, R. G. D., and J. H. Torrie. 1978. Principles and procedures of statistics. Biometrical Approach Mac Graw Hill Inc. Book Co. Tokyo. Subagjo and P. Buurman. 1980. Soil catenas on the west and north-east slopes of the Lawu volcano, east Java. In Buurman, P. (ed) Red soils in Indonesia. Agric. Res. Rep. (Versl. landbouwk. Onderz) 889. ISBN 90 220 0715 4. Buletin No. 5. Soil Research Ins. Bogor. 169p. Sudadi, U. 2002. Produksi padi dan pemanasan global. Makalah Pengantar Falsafah Sains. Program Pasca Sarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Sumani, D. P. Ariyanto, J. Syamsiyah, H. Widijanto, dan Mujiyo. 2009. Pengaruh imbangan pupuk organik dan anorganik terhadap emisi gas metana (CH4) di lahan sawah Palur, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah. Makalah disampaikan dalam Seminar dan Lokakarya Nasional Inovasi Sumberdaya Lahan. Balitbang Deptan. Bogor. Supraptohardjo, M. Suwarjo, R. Dudal, Hardjono As, dan Suhardjo. 1966. Peta Tanah Tindjau Kabupaten Sragen. Lembaga Penelitian Tanah. Bogor. Suryanto, A. 2005. Penerapan sistem pertanian organik pada tanaman sayuran dataran tinggi di kebun percobaan Cangar. Makalah pelatihan kewirausahaan berbasis pengelolaan limbah organik. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. Susilawati, H., L. dan R. Kartikawati. 2008. Petunjuk teknis menghitung total emisi CH4 dengan pengambilan contoh terbatas. Balingtan. Departemen Pertanian. Jakenan. Pati.
192 Susilowati, H., L. 2007. Pengukuran potensi produksi gas CH4, CO2 dan N2O dengan teknik inkubasi tanah. Balingtan. Departemen Pertanian. Jakenan. Pati. Sustiprijatno, M. Sugiura, K. Ogawa, and M. Takahashi. 2006. Improvement of nitrate- and nitrite-dependent growth of rice by the introduction of a constitutively expressing chloroplastic nitrite transporter. Plant Biotech. 23:47-54. Sutanto, R. 2002. Penerapan pertanian organik. Penerbit Kanisius. Yogyakarta. Sutrisno, A. 2009. Pengelolaan lahan padi sawah organik di Desa Sukorejo, Sambirejo, Sragen. (Komunikasi Pribadi). Desa Sukorejo, Kecamatan Sambirejo, Kabupaten Sragen. Syamsiyah, J. dan Mujiyo. 2006. Studi reklamasi lahan sawah berkadar bahan organik rendah. Laporan Kegiatan. Kerjasama Dirjen PLA Deptan Indonesia – FP UNS Surakarta. Syamsiyah, J., B. H. Sunarminto, dan Mujiyo. 2010. Pemetaan ”Carbon Budget” sebagai dasar strategi mitigasi emisi karbondioksida (CO2) dan metana (CH4) di lahan padi sawah organik Kabupaten Sragen. Laporan Penelitian Riset Dasar Menristek. Syekhfani. 2003. Sistem pertanian organik: Prospek dan permasalahan. Makalah pelatihan pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kerjasama Bagpro PKSDM Ditjen Dikti Depdiknas - FP UB. Malang. Tan, Kim H. 1992. Dasar-dasar kimia tanah. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. Thauer, R. K., A. K. Kaster, H. Seedorf, W. Buckel and R. Hedderich. 2008. Methanogenic archaea: Ecologically relevant differences in energy conservation. Nature Reviews Microbiol. 6:579-591. Tsutsuki, K. 1984. Volatile products and low-molecular-weight phenolic products of the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. In Organic matter and rice. IRRI. Philippines. USEPA. 2006. Global antropogenic non-CO2 GHG emission: 1990-2020. United States EPA. http://www.epa.gov. Vance, D. B. 1996. Redox reactions in remediation. Environ. Tech. 6:24-25. van Ranst, E. 1991. Soil genesis. Concepts of soil development formation of diagnostic horizons and materials. Lab. Soil Sci. ITC for Post-Graduate Soil Scientist. State Univ. Gent. Belgium. van Ranst, E. 1995. Clay mineralogy. Crystal, structure, identification, analysis, and chemistry of clay minerals and clays. Lab. Soil Sci. ITC for PostGraduate Soil Scientist. State Univ. Gent. Belgium.
193 Vogels, G. D., J. T. Keltjens, and C. Van der Drift. 1988. Biochemistry of methane production. In Zehnder A. J. B. (ed.) Biology of anaerobic organisms. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore. Wassmann, R., Y. Hosen, and K. Sumfleth. 2009. Reducing methane emissions from irrigated rice. Agriculture and climate change: An agenda for negotiation in Copenhagen. International Food Policy Research Ins. Washington, DC. Watanabe, I., G. Takada, T. Hashimoto, and K. Inubushi. 1995. Evaluation of alternative substrates for determining methane-oxidizing activities and methanotrophic populations in soils. Bio. Fertil. Soils. 20:101-106. Watanabe, I., T. Hashimoto, and A. Shimoyama. 1997. Methane-oxidizing activities and methanotrophic populations associated with wetland rice plants. Bio. Fertil. Soils. 24:261–265. Whalen, S. C. and W. S. Reeburgh. 2000. Methane oxidation, production, and emission at contrasting sites in a boreal bog. Geomicrobiol. J. 17:237-251. Wilding, L. P., N. E. Smeck, and G. F. Hall. 1983. Pedogenesis and soil taxonomy. Elsevier Sci. Publ. B. V. Yagi, K. 2002. Methane emission in rice, mitigation options. In Encylopedia of Soil Sci. New York. Yagi, K., H. Tsuruta, and K. Minami. 1997. Possible options for mitigating methane emission from rice cultivation. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 49:213-220. Yagi, K., K. Minami, G. A. Breitenbeck, and H. Takayama. 1990. Emission and production of methane from paddy fields. In Transaction 14th Int. Congress Soil Sci. Kyoto II:238-243. Ying, Z., P. Boecks, G. X. Chen, and O. Van Cleemput. 2000. Influence of Azolla on CH4 emission from rice fields. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 58:321-326. Yue, J., W. Liang, J. Wu, Y. Shi, and G. Huang. 2010. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice field soil in phaeozem and mitigative measures. Lab. Terrestrial Ecol. Process. Ins. Appl. Ecol. Chinese Ac. Sci. Shenyang, China. p.8.
