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CAD SYSTEM (Computer Aided Design)
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Contoh penggunaan sistem CAD
A photorealistic rendered image created by using POV-Ray 3.6. The glasses, ashtray and pitcher were modeled with Rhinoceros 3D and the dice with Cinema 4D.
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wireframe hidden edges
wireframe uv isolines
An open surface with u- and v-flow lines and Z-contours shown.
Facet wireframe
shaded
Facet shaded
reflection lines
reflected image
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Visualization of how a car deforms in an asymmetrical crash using finite element analysis.
CAE Computer-aided Engineering
CAD (Computer-aided Design)
CAA (Computer-aided Analysis)
CAM (Computer-aided Manufacturing)
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Pekerjaan Dasar yang Dilakukan dalam Sistem CAD
• Pemodelan geometri • Analisis teknik • Penyimpanan dan pemanggilan data • Penggambaran otomatis
• Gambar pandangan ganda • Wire frame modeling • Surface modeling • Solid modeling
Kelebihan Solid Modeling • Membantu visualisasi. Ilustrasi • Pandangan potongan pada berbagai sudut pandang • Memperkecil kesalahan dalam produksi/pemesinan • Menyediakan sifat-ifat massa (isi, berat, titik berat, momen inersia dll.)
Analisis Teknik • Untuk perhitungan stress dan sifat-sifat sistem Analisis yang digunakan: Sifat-sifat massa Finite-element modeling
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SISTEM CAD (Program + Fasilitas AutoCAD) Perhitungan Koordinat gbr., Ukuran benda dll.
Mulai Masukan Data Rancangan
Membuat file Script AutoCAD
Analisis Rancangan
Ukuran dan bahan (spesifikasi)
Menjalankan Script
Perhitungan Koordinat gbr., Ukuran benda Dll.
Penyelesaian Gambar
Gambar Model; Layout
SISTEM CAD untuk PISAU ROTARI
Garu Rotari
Pisau Rotari
Mekanisme Kerja
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Dasar Rancang Bangun Pisau Rotari Bagian Pegangan
Bagian Pisau Lurus
Bagian Ujung Pisau
Tahapan Perancangan Pisau Rotari Jari-jari
Bagian pegangan
Pangkal dan lengkungan
Lengkugan pisau
Bag. sekop
Bag. sekop
Kurva kelengkungan
Lengkung belakang Potongan
Bagian sekop
Gambar kerja Ujung pisau
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Contoh Hasil Perancangan Pisau Rotari
Sistem CAD Pisau Pemotong Rumput Mata pisau
Tipe slasher
Tipe reel Reel
Bedknife
Tipe cutter bar
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Mekanisme Pemotong Rumput (tipe reel) Arah maju pemotongan
Poros
Arah putar
Rangka Blade
Setelah dipotong
Belum dipotong
Bedknife
Proses Perancangan QBasic Input data rancangan
QBasic Pengolahan data rancangan Pembuatan dan penyimpanan file script Data rancangan saran
AutoCAD Pembuatan gambar kerja otomatis
File-file script
Gambar kerja
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Sudut potong (a) Diameter reel (b) Panjang reel (c) Jumlah blade (d)
Parameter Rancangan a
b
d
c
Lebar blade (e) Tebal blade (f) Rake angle (g)
f
e g
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Rake angle & Penampang blade Blade
Rake Angle
Rancangan model pisau tipe reel Blade Panjang = 540 mm Diameter = 126 mm
Rangka
Jumlah blade = 5 buah Tebal blade = 3 mm Lebar blade = 30 mm Rake angle = 50
Poros
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Hasil Gambar dari Program Panja ng (mm)
Jumlah blade 3
5
8
11
500
700
900
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Code Program
Code Program COLOR 11, 0: LOCATE 22, 21: INPUT "do you want to change data ?(Y/N):"; pil$ IF pil$ = "Y" OR pil$ = "y" THEN GOTO 8 PRINT 'PERHITUNGAN SUDUT POTONG PHI = 3.141593: KLL = DR * PHI: KLL1 = PR * TAN(SP / 57.29578) SUDUT1 = (KLL1 / KLL) * 360: S1 = SUDUT1 'PERHITUNGAN KOORDINAT REKE ANGLE,SUDUT POTONGPerhitungan Rake Angle, Sudut Potong X = 0: Y = 0: Z = 0 RR = DR / 2: TB1 = TB / 2: TB2 = TB / 3: TB3 = TB / 6: TB4 = (2 * TB) / 3 XSM = (TAN(30)) / TB4 SSS4 = LB + XSM SSS5 = SQR(XSM ^ 2 + TB4 ^ 2) X0T1 = X + RR: Y0T1 = Y Perhitungan Rake Angle, Sudut Potong XT1 = X0T1: YT1 = Y0T1 SXT1 = XT1 - .05: SYT1 = YT1 + .0001 R1 = SQR(XT1 ^ 2 + YT1 ^ 2): K1 = YT1 / XT1: S2 = ATN(K1) * 57.29578 TRI = SQR(RR ^ 2 - TB3 ^ 2): TRI1 = ATN(TRI / TB3) * 57.29578 TRI4 = 90 - TRI1 X0T2 = TB2 * SIN(TRI4 / 57.29578): Y0T2 = TB2 * COS(TRI4 / 57.29578) SX0T2 = X0T2 / 2: SY0T2 = Y0T2 / 2Perhitungan Koordinat titik-titik tepi blade XT2 = XT1 - X0T2: YT2 = YT1 + Y0T2 SXT2 = XT1 - SX0T2: SYT2 = YT1 + SY0T2 R2 = SQR(XT2 ^ 2 + YT2 ^ 2): K2 = YT2 / XT2: S3 = ATN(K2) * 57.29578 Perhitungan Koordinat titik-titik tepi blade X0T5 = LB * COS(RA / 57.29578): Y0T5 = LB * SIN(RA / 57.29578) SX0T5 = X0T5 / 2: SY0T5 = Y0T5 / 2 XT5 = XT1 - X0T5: YT5 = YT1 + Y0T5 SXT5 = XT1 - SX0T5: SYT5 = YT1 + SY0T5 R5 = SQR(XT5 ^ 2 + YT5 ^ 2): K5 = YT5 / XT5: S6 = ATN(K5) * 57.29578 X0T4 = TB * SIN(RA / 57.29578): Y0T4 = TB * COS(RA / 57.29578) SX0T4 = X0T4 / 2: SY0T4 = Y0T4 / 2 XT4 = XT5 + X0T4: YT4 = YT5 + Y0T4 SXT4 = XT5 + SX0T4: SYT4 = YT5 + SY0T4 R4 = SQR(XT4 ^ 2 + YT4 ^ 2): K4 = YT4 / XT4: S5 = ATN(K4) * 57.29578 PT4T3 = TB4 * TAN(30 / 57.29578): P43 = LB - PT4T3 X0T3 = P43 * COS(RA / 57.29578): Y0T3 = P43 * SIN(RA / 57.29578) SX0T3 = X0T3 / 2: SY0T3 = Y0T3 / 2 XT3 = XT4 + X0T3: YT3 = YT4 - Y0T3 SXT3 = XT4 + SX0T3: SYT3 = YT4 - SY0T3 R3 = SQR(XT3 ^ 2 + YT3 ^ 2): K3 = YT3 / XT3: S4 = ATN(K3) * 57.29578
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'PERHITUNGAN PILIHAN SISI ATAS1 SXT1A = R1 * COS((S1 + S2) / 57.29578): SYT1A = R1 * SIN((S1 + S2) / 57.29578) „Perhitungan Sisi Atas SXT2A = R2 * COS((S1 + S3) / 57.29578): SYT2A = R2 * SIN((S1 + S3) / 57.29578) SXT3A = R3 * COS((S1 + S4) / 57.29578): SYT3A = R3 * SIN((S1 + S4) / 57.29578) SXT4A = R4 * COS((S1 + S5) / 57.29578): SYT4A = R4 * SIN((S1 + S5) / 57.29578) SXT5A = R5 * COS((S1 + S6) / 57.29578): SYT5A = R5 * SIN((S1 + S6) / 57.29578) 'PERHITUNGAN PILIH SISI BAWAH SXT1 = (XT1 + XT2) / 2: SXT2 = (XT2 + XT3) / 2 „Perhitungan Sisi Bawah SXT3 = (XT3 + XT4) / 2: SXT4 = (XT4 + XT5) / 2 SXT5 = (XT5 + XT1) / 2: SYT1 = (YT1 + YT2) / 2 SYT2 = (YT2 + YT3) / 2: SYT3 = (YT3 + YT4) / 2 SYT4 = (YT4 + YT5) / 2: SYT5 = (YT5 + YT1) / 2 'PERHITUNGAN SISI ATAS OKEY SXT1ATAS = (SXT1A + SXT2A) / 2: SXT2ATAS = (SXT2A + SXT3A) / 2 SXT3ATAS = (SXT3A + SXT4A) / 2: SXT4ATAS = (SXT4A + SXT5A) / 2 SXT5ATAS = (SXT5A + SXT1A) / 2: SYT1ATAS = (SYT1A + SYT2A) / 2 SYT2ATAS = (SYT2A + SYT3A) / 2: SYT3ATAS = (SYT3A + SYT4A) / 2 SYT4ATAS = (SYT4A + SYT5A) / 2: SYT5ATAS = (SYT5A + SYT1A) / 2 „Mulai Membuat File Script untuk Gambar Isometri 'PROSES PENGGAMBARAN REEL ISOMETRI CLS : LOCATE 15, 15: COLOR 5, 0 COLOR 5, 5: CLS : COLOR 3, 0 LOCATE 10, 10: PRINT “ " FOR az = 1 TO 8
LOCATE 10 + az, 10: PRINT "³ ³" NEXT az LOCATE 18, 10: PRINT “ " LOCATE 12, 20 PRINT "Please Wait for a minute " OPEN "O", 1, "C:iso.SCR" LOCATE 15, 20 PRINT "Your data is being saved at File C:Iso.SCR" LOCATE 17, 30 INPUT "go.... (Y/N):", PILL$ IF PILL$ = "Y" OR PILL$ = "y" GOTO 19 IF PILL$ = "N" OR PILL$ = "n" GOTO 200 19 OPEN "O", 1, "C:iso.SCR" PRINT #1, "-layer": PRINT #1, "n": PRINT #1, "Rangka": PRINT #1, "s" PRINT #1, "Rangka": PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "COLOR": PRINT #1, "1" PRINT #1, "CIRCLE" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z - 100: PRINT #1, "D": PRINT #1, "25" PRINT #1, "EXTRUDE" WRITE #1, X + 12.5, Y, Z - 100: PRINT #1, "": WRITE #1, PR + 200 PRINT #1, "" PRINT #1, "COLOR" PRINT #1, "6": PRINT #1, "CIRCLE" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "D": WRITE #1, DR - LB PRINT #1, "EXTRUDE" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "5" PRINT #1, "" IF PR < 400 GOTO 20 WRITE #1, X + 12.5, Y, Z - 100 IF PR >= 400 AND PR <= 600 GOTO 30 IF PR >= 600 AND PR <= 800 GOTO 40 IF PR >= 800 AND PR <= 1000 GOTO 50 IF PR > 1000 GOTO 60 20 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 2: GOTO 70 30 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 3: GOTO 80 40 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 4: GOTO 90 50 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 5: GOTO 100 60 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 6: GOTO 110 70 PRINT #1, "COPY"
Perhitungan Sisi Atas
Perhitungan Sisi Bawah
Mulai Membuat File Script untuk Gambar Isometri
Membuka File #1 :C:iso.SCR Untuk Script Gambar
OPEN "O", 1, "C:iso.SCR"
Memasukkan Command - (gbr lingkaran) ke File #1
PRINT #1, "CIRCLE"
Cara Memasukkan Koordinat
WRITE #1, X + 12.5, Y, Z - 100
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70 PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 PRINT #1, "": GOTO 120 80 PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2): WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 PRINT #1, "": GOTO 120 90 PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 3) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 PRINT #1, "": GOTO 120 100 PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2): WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30
Memasukkan Command - (copy) ke File #1
PRINT #1, "COPY"
WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 3) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 4) Memasukkan data koordinat lanjutan untuk Command Copy: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" PRINT #1, "": GOTO 120 110 PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M"
WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2): WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30
Masukkan nama file-nya (atau cari)
namafile.scr
Command: script (untuk menjalankan file script)
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Buat Model dengan Perintah Baris
Perhatikan urutan perintahnya
Perintah Baris dalam AutoCAD Garis lurus
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Lingkaran
Lengkungan
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Lengkungan
Latihan 1 Gambarlah hasil perintah baris pada AutoCAD berikut: OPEN "O", 1, "C:Contoh.SCR" X1=0:Y1=0:X2=100:Y2=50:YL=25:RAD=25 Print #1, “Line” Write #1, X1,Y1 Write #1,X2, Y2 Write #1,X2,Y2 Write #1,X1,Y2 Write #1, X1,Y1 Print #1, “ ” Print #1, “Circle” Write #1,X3, YL Print #1, RAD Close #1 END
Isi script
Line 0,0 100,0 100,50 0,50 0,0 Circle 50,25 25 EOF
Contoh programnya
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Latihan 2 Line 100,100 70,100 50,80 100,80 100,100
Gambarlah hasil perintah baris pada AutoCAD berikut:
Circle 50,80 20 Circle 50,80 10 Circle 100,70 D 20 Circle 100,70 D 10 Line 30,60 110,60 EOF
Latihan 3
Gambarlah hasil perintah baris pada AutoCAD berikut:
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Latihan 4
Susunlah urutan perintah penggambaran dalam AutoCAD untuk menggambar bentuk di bawah ini :
R 40
100
R 20
Latihan 5
R 40
R 20
Susunlah File Script untuk penggambaran bentuk di bawah ini :
R 40
R 20
100
R 40
R 20
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Latihan 6
Susunlah Program dalam BASIC untuk membuat File Script untuk penggambaran bentuk di bawah ini (JP, RL dan RD sebagai INPUT):
RL
JP
RD
RL
RD
Menggambar cylinder
height of cylinder
center point for base of cylinder
(X,Y,Z) Y
Z
radius for base of cylinder
Z=0 X
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Gambar hasilnya! Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 125 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 50 Command:
Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 80 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150 Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 40 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150
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Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 80 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150 Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 40 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150 Command: subtract Select solids and regions to subtract from .. Cylinder yang Select objects: 160,200,100 dikurangi 1 found
Select objects: Select solids and regions to subtract .. Select objects: 120,200,100 1 found Select objects:
Cylinder yang mengurangi
Contoh Program BASIC untuk Script Gambar Silinder CLS INPUT “PANJANG SILINDER:”, PS DS=0.1*PS R=0.5*DS OPEN “O”, 1, “C:SILINDER.SCR” PRINT #1, “CYLINDER” PRINT #1, “” WRITE #1, 100,100,100 PRINT #1, R PRINT #1, PS CLOSE #1 END
PS
R
Center point for base of cylinder (100,100,100)
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