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Subject index
Activating a policy network 25 Adversarial 51-53, 56, 63, 65 Adversarial interaction 53, 56, 63 Agreement between 144, 146 All-gain 19, 31, 146, 148, 150, 155, 157 All-gain outcome 155 Alliances 131, 134, 136, 137 Alternative (Environmental) Dispute Resolution (ADR) 19-21, 150 Assessing network management 155
Consultation 7, 18, 35, 44, 58, 60, 61, 73,79,87,97,101-103, 107, 109, Ill, 112, 114, 115-123, 145, 147, 148, 150, 155-157, 159, 160 Contingency theory 84, 158 Cooperation 55, 56, 58-61, 63, 66, 84,98, 99, 128, 134, 135, 138, 156, 160 Cooperative action 7, 15, 17 Corporatism 40, 43, 44 Covenant 31,36,37,72-76,78, 131 Credibility 63 Cycles of decision making 34
Balance of power 68, 79, 82, 153 Barriers to international network management 110 BATNAs 54, 56, 59, 151 Breaking the impasse 30
Dependency relations 147, 148 Designing network management 145 Drawback 160 Dual role 25, 37, 38, 142
Capacity 52, 56, 61, 66, 91, 94, 105, 107, 121, 128, 135, 138, 141, 142, 159 Closed circuits 40 Coalitions 32, 51 Cognitive stage 32, 37, 38, 146, 153 Collaboration 52-56, 61, 63, 156 Collaborative interaction 51-53, 56, 63, 64 Collaborative problem solving 7, 19 Communication 18,20-22,25,36,38,46, 47, 50, 73, 76, 94, 96, 102, 105, 110, 141,142,145,146,148-153,158,159' Conflicts of interest 142, 143, 151, 158 Consensual decision making 20 Consensual politics 20 Constituencies 148, 149 185
Ecological constraints 16 Effectiveness of network management 157 Environmental norms 15,43, 58, 62, 144 Ex post corrector 15 Facilitator 33-35, 37, 152, 153 Feasibility Analysis of Strategic Projects' 126, 155 Feedback 149 First-stage environmental conflict 9, 11 Formalizing stage 32, 34, 37, 38 Frame of reference 141 Funnel method 59 Goal attainment 155, 157
186
Subject index
Hard-ball school 68 Hierarchy 17, 18,25,38,93, 141, 156 Hot-tube school 68 Impasse in decision making 29, 142 Implementation 142, 144, 145, 148, 151, 154, 155, 157, 160 Implementation gap 49, 63, 88, 154 Initiative stage 36, 38 Innovative forms of environmental management 7 Instrumentation theory 15 Integral plan 30, 129 Integrated planning 65, 153 Integrated water management 96,97, 104, 107 Inter-administrative project 129, 130, 137, 138 Inter-organizational relationships 54 Interaction 18, 20-22, 25, 33, 36, 38, 51-54,56,58,59,63,64,94,141,142, 145, 146, 150, 158, 159 Interdependencies 17 Interdependency relations 141, 159 Iron law 39-41, 43, 45, 49 Joint plan development 52 Land-use allocation 10, 16 Learning process 21, 22, 62, 67,94, 147, 155 Legitimacy 32, 34, 50, 51, 64, 142, 148 Legitimation 155-157, 160 Limitations of environmental policy making 14 Litigation 65, 69, 79 Lose-lose 27, 38, 45, 48, 54, 58, 61 Lose-win 54, 58 Mainport 143, 150, 156 Management efficacy 17,93, 135, 138 Manure policy 42, 43 Market of decisions 17 Market structure 97 Mediation 20, 65-69, 78-82, 152, 153 Models of control 159 Mutual advantage 157 Negotiated compensation 67, 79, 82
Negotiated order 54, 56, 58, 61 Negotiation 18, 19, 27, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 49, 50, 53-55, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64-68, 76, 79, 82, 115, 121, 142, 145-153, 157, 159, 160 Negotiation processes 53, 55, 65 Negotiation techniques 142 Negotiators 18, 55, 68, 69, 149, 152 Network management 160, 161 Network management in an international context 109 New management model 22 Non-adversarial approach 65 Organizational structure 97, 145, 147, 148 Package deal 19, 38, 62, 141, 147, 159 Parliamentary democracy 51, 52, 56, 63 Planning 11,26-28,30,37,38,46,48,50, 56, 65, 66, 71, 72, 74, 75, 79-81, 85, 86, 88, 89, 91, 94, 96, 98-103, 106, 107, 125, 126, 129-131, 133-136, 138, 139, 145, 148, 151, 153 Policy evasion 52, 57, 58, 63 Policy game 143 Policy instruments 15, 16, 89, 91, 101, 145, 154 Policy memorandum 126, 129 Policy problem 145, 149, 150 Primary Ecological Infrastructure 125, 126, 133 Problem-solving 52, 56, 58, 61, 91, 128, 141, 142 Problems of allocation 14 Productive stage 32, 33, 36-38 Profile 111 Progressive consensus 111 Project management 95-98, 107 Public and private parties 144, 146 Public hearings 35,47, 61, 65, 105 Reallocation 15, 94 Regional differentiation 143, 144 Regional policy 143, 144 Roles 26,37,38,81, 106, 153 Scenario 59 Scenario method 62
Subject index Second-stage environmental conflict 10, 11, 19 Selective activation of actors 147 Social conflict 10, 13, 14, 19 Sounding board 148 Specification of policy 143, 144, 150 Stagnation in policy enforcement 142 Stalemate in the decision-making process 27 Stepwise approach 34, 150 Sustainable development 7,10-12, 15, 17, 21,22, 63 Symmetry 110
187
Third-stage environmental conflict 10, 11, 19, 157, 160 Three-pronged approach 46, 151 Tiers of government 142, 151, 158 Traditional model of management 16, 17 Two-table 55, 62 Win-lose 19, 27, 61 Win-win 25, 26, 37,45, 47, 49, 54, 55, 58,60,62,66,67,69,72,78-80,121, 129, 132, 138, 150, 151 Zero-plus game 44
About the authors
Dr. Pieter Glasbergen (1946) is Professor of Environmental Studies- Policy and Management at two Dutch universities: Utrecht University and the Open University in Heerlen. He specializes in planning and policy issues, particularly with reference to environmental policy, physical planning, water management, and policy for landscape and nature conservation. The articles, reports and books that he has published include both theoretical studies on policy and applied policy research in the areas mentioned above. Recently, he has conducted research for various government bodies: the Directorate General of Public Works and Water Management (on integral water management), the Directorate General of Environmental Management (an evaluation of regional environmental policy), and the National Physical Planning Agency (on nature and landscape policy). Dr. Glasbergen has (co)authored or edited twelve books. He has recently published articles in Policy and Politics, Sociologica Ruralis, International Journal of Water Resources Development, Landscape and Urban Planning, and Dutch Crossing. Professor Glasbergen is a member of various advisory boards, and he chairs the Section of Environmental Policy of the Netherlands Institute for Physical Planning and Housing. His correspondence address is Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Department of Environmental Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands. Ron Corvers (1964) graduated in environmental geography from the Department of Environment, Nature and Landscape, which falls under the Faculty of Policy Sciences at the Catholic University of Nijmegen. Since then, he has headed a team that develops courseware for the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Netherlands Open University. There, his main task is to develop courses on environmental management and policy. He also conducts research on the relation between physical planning and environmental and water management. His work focuses on the feasibility of region-oriented intergovernmental projects that promote the conservation and development of nature preserves. 189
190
About the authors
Carel Dieperink (1960) studied Public Administration at the University of Twente in Enschede, specializing in Public Finance and Political Science. After participating in various research projects at the Research Center for Public Administration in Enschede he received an appointment at the Department of Environmental Studies of Utrecht University, where he currently teaches courses on (international) environmental policy. At present, he is preparing a Ph.D. thesis on policy development regarding pollution of the River Rhine. Dr. Peter Driessen (1959) graduated in urban and regional planning from the Catholic University of Nijmegen. In his Ph.D. thesis (1990), he weighed the pros and cons of land development. Specifically, that investigation assessed the role of environment, nature, and landscape interests in the policy for land development and land use. Currently, he is a lecturer in the Department of Environmental Studies at Utrecht University. His publications include a study on the choice of sites for waste-processing installations (in collaboration with A.C.P.M. van der Heijden and P. Leroy) and a study on innovation in regional environmental policy (with co-editor P. Glasbergen). In addition, he has published several articles in various policy fields: on land development, waste disposal, and regional orientation of environmental policy. Bram van de Klundert (1953) has coordinated the integrated plans of the Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. He has also initiated the Rijnmond Project. At present he is head of the Physical Planning and Outdoor Recreation Division of the Winand Staring Center for Integrated Land, Soil and Water Research in Wageningen. Wessel Slot (1946) received a degree in physics from the Free University of Amsterdam and a Master's degree in history and social studies of science from the University of Sussex in England. For many years he has been involved in university teaching. First he lectured on the social dimensions of science and the social responsibility of scientists, and later he taught in the 'Chemistry and Society' program at Leyden University. Since 1990 he has been a full-time staff member of the Netherlands Open University, where he has developed several courses in the field of environmental science and environmental management. At present, he is preparing a thesis on the interaction between physical planning, water management, and environmental policy. In this research, he closely examines the strength and weakness of inter-organizational projects. Jan van der Veen (1958) is a sociologist with a research interest in environmental dispute resolution. Currently he is a lecturer in the Department of Environmental Studies at Utrecht University. He has published several articles on integral water management and regional environmental policy. Dr. Walter J.Y. Vermeulen (1958) is a senior researcher and consultant at the TNO Center for Technology and Policy Studies in Apeldoom, where he studies
About the authors
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the effectiveness of environmental policy, the appropriateness of policy instruments, and the feasibility of sustainable development. His publications concern the implementation of environmental policy in various fields, including waste treatment, hazardous waste, manure deposition, water pollution and noise abatement. These publications were based on research done at the Free University in Amsterdam and Utrecht University. He received his Ph.D. in 1992, with a thesis on the effectiveness of environmental subsidies.
Environment & Management l. O. Kuik and H. Verbruggen (eds.): In Search of Indicators of Sustainable Development. 1991 ISBN 0-7923-1249-X 2. R. Janssen: Multiobjective Decision Support for Environmental Management. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1908-7 3. R. Janssen and M. van Herwijnen: DEFINITE. A System to Support DEcisions on a FINITE Set ofAlternatives. Software with User Manual. 1994 ISBN 0-7923-2696-2 4. D. James: The Application of Economic Techniques in Environmental Impact Assessment. 1994 ISBN 0-7923-2721-7 5. P. Glasbergen (ed.): Managing Environmental Disputes: Network Management as an Alternative. 1995 ISBN 0-7923-3034-X
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