Bali Training Event on REDD+: Summary Report
18 – 22 November 2013 Hotel Courtyard by the Marriott, Kawasan Pariwisata Lot, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia
Summary Report REDD+ In Indonesia: GCF Task Force on REDD+ Training
Day I – REDD+ Progress & Development The first day of training was officially opened by Lisken Situmorang, who represented KEMITRAAN, the Indonesian Coordinator of the Governors' Climate and Forest Task Force [GCF]. Remarks by Amelia Peterson from the GCF Secretariat of Colorado followed. Natural resources management expert Dr. Aziz Khan reminded Indonesia of its national commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change. The development of REDD+ strategies in Indonesia ideally should be in line with the country’s commitment to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation by 26 per cent of its own efforts; 41 per cent with international support while maintaining a 7 per cent economic growth rate. This commitment is poured into the National Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Reduction, or Rencana Aksi Nasional Penurunan Gas Rumah Kaca [RAN-GRK]. Targets and goals on emission reductions from the forestry sector and land use is set into the REDD+ national strategic plans [Stranas], and at the provincial level, they will be drafted out as local/ provincial strategic plans [Srap/ formerly referred to as Strada]. This will then be the reference guides for the implementation of REDD+ in each respective provincial administration. Emphasis was put on underlining the value of the jurisdictional approach, which is to ensure that leadership from subnational jurisdictions who work toward the aggressive lowering of deforestation rates and providing sustainable livelihoods for local communities - acts and results that can be measured - should be prioritized.
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There is strong justification as to why the national government needs to apply the jurisdictional approach for the implementation of REDD+ in Indonesia: Strong requirement [empirical and objective] that REDD+ must be implemented at the subnational level. Increased interest to apply the jurisdictional approach from REDD+ initiators. The jurisdictional approach is in line with the national government's commitment to bring down greenhouse gas emissions. Vital documentation linked to REDD+ initiatives drafted - National and Local Action Plans for Greenhouse Gas Reduction, National Strategic Plans, Provincial Strategic Plans - reinforces the above facts. GCF fully appreciates the need for underlining jurisdictional REDD+ strategies that focus on integration with jurisdictional local government development plans and spatial plans. Aziz Khan gave the example of the development of REDD+ in East Kalimantan, where the provincial administration had integrated REDD+ strategies into its development plans, and it is to be further disseminated at the district levels. The remainder of the day had Aziz Khan leading the session and questioning participants on the development of local policies, the progress of SRAP development, the determination of baseline and emission reduction targets, MRV, potential funding, and institutional framework for REDD + at the national and provincial level. Day 2 – Constitutional Court Ruling No. 35 A key issue with Indonesian forests was linked to the 1999 Forestry Law, which had declared all customary forests as included within state forests, giving all rights to the Forestry Ministry to control customary forests. Law No. 41 of 1999 had blocked members of customary/ indigenous societies [masyarakat adat] who lived within or near forests from exercising their rights to clear forests belonging to them, and using forest land to fulfill their personal and family needs. In 2011, the Alliance of Indigenous Peoples of the Archipelago, or AMAN, filed a judicial review with the Constitutional Court over this.
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On 16 May 2013, through ruling No. 35/PUU-X/2012, the Constitutional Court decided to nullify and void the government’s ownership of customary forest areas. The court underlined that a clear distinction must be made between customary forests and state-owned forests. While the government still has the right to manage state forests, its authority is, in theory, now limited in dealing with the forest lands of indigenous peoples. This court ruling had widespread impact, considering the countless claims made by indigenous communities to free the forests they owned and lived off of from the domain of the state. However, till present time, there is no concrete mechanism/ instrument on the ground indicating that the government and its agencies must comply with the court’s decision. The Indonesian government still needs to officially implement Constitutional Court ruling No. 35. Indigenous communities in the provinces believe that this court ruling is a tremendous opportunity to ensure that REDD+ initiatives can be enjoyed by communities living in and around forests. The problem however is the execution of the ruling itself. Understanding the struggles of the indigenous communities and the Constitutional Court ruling becomes an important part of the GCF training. Speakers for this portion of the event included Mia Siscawati, PhD, who explained that the history of control over forested regencies Indonesia goes back to colonial times. Controlling forested regions in Indonesia and designating them as state forests first occurred in the Dutch colonial period, in Java and Madura as well as a small portion of southern Sumatra. To maintain this control, the colonial government adopted a legal system that became the foundation for placing forested regions and natural forestry resources under the exclusive control and the authority of the government.
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Law No. 41 of 1999 was revised as follows: Original Pasal 1.6 / Article 1.6 Hutan adat adalah hutan negara yang berada dalam wilayah masyarakat hukum adat. Customary forest is state forest within the territory of indigenous communities. Pasal 4.3 / Article 4.3 Hutan berdasarkan statusnya terdiri dari: a. hutan negara, dan b. hutan hak.
Forest based on its status consists of a: a. state forests, and b. forest rights.
Revision Hutan adat adalah hutan negara yang berada dalam wilayah masyarakat hukum adat. Customary forest is state forest within the territory of indigenous communities. Hutan berdasarkan statusnya terdiri dari: a. hutan negara, dan b. hutan hak. Hutan negara sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf a, tidak termasuk hutan adat. Forest based on its status consists of a: a. state forests, and b. forest rights. State Forest referred to verse (1) letter a, not including customary forests.
The Constitutional Court's decision recognizes indigenous peoples as "persons with rights" (rights-bearer), and legal subjects over their customary lands. The Constitutional Court's decision should also be interpreted as acknowledgment of indigenous people's rights. Following this ruling however, the biggest challenge now is its implementation, particularly in local jurisdictions: to realize the concept of development and revision of the overall policy related to indigenous peoples, forest land and governance.
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A reaction from the Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in response to the ruling was made in his opening speech at the International Workshop on Tropical Forests, Jakarta, 27 June 2013: “Recently the Indonesian Constitutional Court has decided that customary forests, or hutan adat, is not part of the state forest zone. This decision marks an important step towards full recognition of land and resources rights of adat community and forest-dependent communities. This will also enable Indonesia’s shift toward sustainable growth with equity in its forests and peatlands sector. I am personally committed to initiating a process that registers and recognizes the collective ownership of adat territories in Indonesia. This is a critical first step in the implementation process of the Constitutional Court’s decision.” Civil society organizations are expecting that President’s statement reflects his political will to implement the constitutional court ruling during his administration period. Mina Susena Setra, a Deputy Secretary General for AMAN, described the efforts of AMAN to fight for the rights of indigenous peoples. Something which began many years ago, including efforts to collaborate with the government on implementation of laws on human rights, the environment and land use. AMAN has also collaborated with the government to aggressively recognize the existence and rights of indigenous communities in Indonesia. This is linked to an important record from Indonesia when the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007 was adopted. Specifically for REDD+, AMAN has contributed to: a) extensive work done on the integration of community maps in the "One Map Policy", b) promoting Free, Prior and Informed Consent as an important issue and ensuring that it becomes a part of policies and regulation, and c) promoting participation of indigenous peoples in policy making processes. From the government’s perspective, represented by Ratna Kustiah, National Land Administration Agency (BPN) explained that the Constitutional Court Ruling No. 35 explicitly recognizes the existence of customary forests found in the territories of indigenous peoples. The ruling makes it clear which forested areas are to be controlled by the state and which forested areas are now under the authority of indigenous communities. This however
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requires aggressive follow-up from local administrations to establish local regulations on the existence and recognition of indigenous peoples within their jurisdictions. For the purpose of legal certainty regarding the territories of indigenous communities, delineation of indigenous peoples' territories shall be expressed in a land registration map, according to a 1999 National Land Administration Agency Regulation on Guidelines to Resolve Problems linked to Land Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Coordination among institutions i.e. local governments, legislatures, indigenous peoples, NGOs, land administration agency and natural resources management agencies is required to speed up the process of recognition of customary forests. Kustanto, a representative from the Forestry Ministry, explained that amendments to a ministerial regulation, following the Constitutional Court ruling, were being worked on. Kustanto also told of problems encountered in the synchronization of existing maps to determine which are community forests and which are not. The Ministry told of obstacles that included inconsistent spatial planning data, so that the determination of indigenous forests will not be an easy task. Kustanto also said that the ruling must be implemented cautiously and care must be taken that no abuse of indigenous territories occur by individuals or parties carrying the name of indigenous peoples but working for their own individual interests. A consistent model to implement the regulation needs to be drafted out to ensure that work done on customary forests will provide maximum benefit to local societies. Day 3 – MRV Progress Arief Darmawan, Indonesia REDD+ Task Force, explained why Monitoring, Reporting and Verification [MRV] System is important to address emissions reduction targets. About 87 per cent of Indonesia's emissions reduction target [26 per cent] is to be achieved by 2020, sourced from forestry sectors and peatland (Presidential Decree 61 of 2011). REDD + is a performance-based incentive mechanism (payment for performance), so that REDD + requires Measurement (Measurement / M) of land-based emission; for Reporting (Reporting / R) the performance of REDD + that can be Verified (Verification / V) - the validity as a basis for providing incentives. Without adequate MRV, there will be no trust from national and international stakeholders.
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MRV capacities are available but vastly lacking at the district and provincial levels. Technical support is still required from the national government to ensure that provinces have adequate capacity for MRV standardization; quality control/ assurance and coordination for verification actions. Silver Hutabarat, representing Indonesia National Carbon Accounting System (INCAS): Indonesia has established the Indonesia National Carbon Accounting System, or INCAS, on the general principle that if emissions could be measured, emissions can be managed in accordance to the national goal. Harumi Krisnawati spoke on biomass components - INCAS: INCAS is designed to measure emissions from Indonesian forests nationwide on an annual basis. Although the methodology is designed for national level, it can be applied for sub-national implementation, so that assurance of consistency can be maintained. The goal of INCAS is to provide a unified tool for monitoring and reporting for land-based components. It starts from Tier 2 and then will be updated to produce detailed information for Tier 3 using site-specific measurement area. From the East Kalimantan province, Fajar Pambudi presented progress on REDD+ in East Kalimantan. East Kalimantan has developed its SRAP document and this has been further broken down into local action plans. The government is fully aware that East Kalimantan forests have an important role in reducing emissions. It is no easy task for the provincial government, considering there are at least 37 regulations that must be implemented by the provincial government. To develop a SRAP document, the drafting team involves Bappeda (the planning agency) and government agencies from the mining, forestry, agriculture, energy sector, NGOs and academics. East Kalimantan is one of the provinces that have completed the SRAP document earlier than other provinces and delivered it in a good, timely quality. The province also followed this up by incorporating SRAP into its provincial administration development agenda and disseminated it at the district level, with the aim that the district government also adopts the action plan to reduce emissions from deforestation.
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Day 4 – Deforestation Analysis by CLASLite CLASLite (Carnegie Landsat Analysis System) training is aimed at equipping provincial governments to advance their abilities to conduct monitoring of deforestation and forest degradation levels by using the ‘light’ application developed by Carnegie Institution for Science, in collaboration with Google. Scope of training on CLASLite includes: Introduction of CLASLite; examples of application and the process to produce and collate data related to forest cover, deforestation and forest degradation. Processes to get a license from CLASLite. A set of procedures outlined to receive a license. This is made possible through an online course. Utilization of CLASLite to protect forest cover and decrease rates of deforestation and forest degradation after receiving license of CLASLite.
What is provided by CLASLite: Algorithm, an automation of a series of satellite image processing to produce information of forest cover and then deforestation and forest degradation rates. Landsat imagery provided by Google as data sources for image processing. Cloud computing, hardware infrastructure for image processing. ************
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APPENDIX A: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS AT 18-22 NOVEMBER 2013 EVENT
No.
Name
Institution
1
Adi Ruswanto
Dishut Prov. Kalbar
2
Etty Sptia Sari
BPLH Kalbar
3
Tri Widiastuti
UNTAN-Kalbar
4
Nanang Hayani
Dishut Prov. Kaltim
5
Azwar Busra
Distamben Kaltim
6
Fadjar Pambudi
DDPI Kaltim
7
Peter Kamarea
DLCD-Taskforce Papua
8
Agustimus Rumansara
DLCD-Taskforce Papua
9
Herlina Tulaseket
DLCD-Taskforce Papua
10
Petrus Allen Rumere
DLCD-Taskforce Papua
11
Boni Asso
Bapedal Prov. Papua
12
Yopi Bonay
Bapedal Prov. Papua
13
Bambang Ariyanto
Dishut Prov. Aceh
14
Heri Yanto
Bapedal Prov. Aceh
9
15
Deri Monike
Dishut Prov. Aceh
16
Dedek Hadi
Dishut Prov. Aceh
17
Mairaji
Pemprov. Kalteng
18
Mursid Marsono
GCF-Task Force Kalteng
19
Humala Pontas Pangaribuan
GCF-Task Force Kalteng
20
Abdul Solichin
PERDU Papua Barat
21
Maikel Kondorori
Dishut Prov. Papua Barat
22
Silvia Makabori
Dishut Prov. Papua Barat
23
Herman Orisoe
Satgas PERKAP Papua Barat
24
Aziz Khan
World Bank - Narasumber
25
Farida Dalle
Interpreter
26
Mia Siskawati
Sayogyo Institute
27
Mina Susana Setra
AMAN
28
Helena E. Rea
Individual
29
Silver Hutabarat
INCAS
30
Mubariq Ahmad
GCF Fund
31
Haruni Krisnawati
FORDA
10
32
Retna Kustiah
BPN
33
Arif Febriyanto
BPN
34
Arief Darmawan
UKP
35
Andiko Sutan Mancayo
HUMA
36
Luke Pritchard
GCF Fund
37
Amelia Peterson
GCF
38
Ilarius Wibisono
GCF - Taskforce
39
Poppy Astari
GCF - Taskforce
40
Lisken Situmorang
Kemitraan
41
Joko Waluyo
Kemitraan
42
Yunidar
Kemitraan
43
Sita Supomo
Kemitraan
44
Puspita Sari
Individual - Notetaker
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APPENDIX B: LATAR BELAKANG Kebijakan nasional untuk berkomitmen dalam mengurangi emisi karbon melalui REDD telah di deklarasikan. Propinsi yang memiliki hutan memiliki kewajiban untuk mendukung kebijakan nasional. Pemerintah nasional telah menyatakan untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca [GRK] sebesar 26 persen secara sukarela hingga 41 persen dengan bantuan internasional. Komitmen tersebut hanya dapat dicapai apabila diikuti dengan aksi nyata di tingkat pemerintah Propinsi dan Kabupaten. Governor’ Climate and Forest Task Force [GCF] sebagai wadah kerjasama tingkat subnasional berkomitmen untuk bekerjasama dalam mencapai tujuan pengurangan emisi melalui REDD selaras dengan kebijakan pemerintah nasional. GCF Secretariat memiliki peran dalam mendorong percepatan propinsi anggota GCF dalam mengembangkan REDD oleh Provinsi anggota melalui pertukaran informasi dan pengembangan kapasitas pemerintah provinsi atau antar negara bagian. Koordinator GCF Indonesia telah menjalin relasi yang cukup kuat dengan instansi pemerintah nasional yang bertanggungjawab terhadap pengembangan REDD+ di Indonesia. Awalnya tugas pengembangan REDD+ di Indonesia, ditangani oleh Satgas REDD+ yang telah berakhir masa tugasnya pada akhir Juni 2013. Sebagai kelanjutannya, Presiden telah mengeluarkan Peraturan Presiden 62/2013 tentang BADAN PENGELOLA PENURUNAN EMISI GAS RUMAH KACA DARI DEFORESTASI, DEGRADASI HUTAN DAN LAHAN GAMBUT. Unit Kerja Presiden (UKP4) berperan dalam menyusun persiapan terbentuknya Badan Pengelola atau disingkat sebagai Badan REDD. Sebelumnya, Mahkamah Konstitusi pada bulan Mei 2013 telah mengabulkan gugatan AMAN, mewakili komunitas adat nusantara, menuntut amandemen UU Kehutanan terkait dengan pengakuan hak atas hutan adat.
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Keputusan ini telah ditindak-lanjuti oleh rapat antar kementerian dan lokakarya nasional para pihak untuk mengembangkan rencana pelaksanaannya. Presiden telah menugaskan Kemenko Kesra untuk segera mengkoordinasikan pelaksanaan keputusan ini. Lokakarya nasional mengenai keputusan MK 35/PUU-X/2012 mendorong percepatan pelaksanaan dengan dukungan kepada upaya identifikasi, pemetaan wilayah adat dan registrasi. Mengingat perkembangan-perkembangan tersebut di atas, GCF Sekretariat bersama Koordinator GCF Indonesia memandang penting untuk mendorong Propinsi anggota di Indonesia, untuk melakukan percepatan pengembangan REDD sebagai dukungan terhadap upaya pemerintah nasional. Keputusan Mahkamah Konsitution (MK 35/PUUX/2012) tentang hutan adat perlu ditindaklanjuti dan diakomodasi dalam konteks pengembangan REDD di Propinsi, untuk mencapai tujuan pengurangan emisi sekaligus memberikan manfaat yang sebesar-besarnya terhadap masyarakat adat dan lokal. Koordinator GCF Indonesia bersama Sekretariat GCF memfasilitasi pelatihan untuk anggota Task Force GCF Provinsi dan anggota pemerintah lainnya dalam rangka penguatan pemahaman dan percepatan pengembangan REDD Provinsi. Tujuan Pelatihan 1. Penguatan pemahaman tentang proses pengembangan REDD+ secara utuh hingga menghasilkan Verified Emission Reduction (VER). 2. Pemahaman dan pembahasan tentang status kemajuan keputusan MK 35 dan peluang bagi Provinsi anggota GCF untuk mendorong percepatan identifikasi, pemetaan, registrasi dan pengakuan Hutan Adat pasca putusan MK. 3. Pemahaman tentang MRV dan berbagai opsi methodology, termasuk yang sedang di susun di tingkat nasional, VCS, All REDDI (ICRAF), dan Participatory MRV (CIFOR). 4. Terbangunnya kemampuan Provinsi Anggota untuk memanfaatkan CLASLite sebagai alternatif untuk melakukan analisis deforestasi dan degradasi hutan.
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Alur Proses 1. Memahami REDD+, proses menghasilkan VER (Verified Emission Reduction), materi yang disampaikan meliputi: 2. Lingkup pengembangan REDD+, tidak cukup hanya mengurangi laju deforestasi dan degradasi hutan. Namun, pengurangan tersebut harus dapat diukur yang sudah dikonversi menjadi emisi yang berhasil dihindari, selanjutnya emisi yang dapat dihindari juga dapat di verifikasi dan didaftarkan dalam sebuah registry system yang diakui oleh pasar dan dapat diperjualbelikan. Penjelasan tentang “jurisdiction approach” dan “land base approach"
3. Hitungan emisi yang dapat dihindari, didasarkan pada selisih dari emisi yang terjadi apabila tidak ada upaya dalam pengurangan emisi (Business as Usual/BaU) dengan emisi actual yang terjadi setelah menerapkan REDD+. Penentuan baseline emisi menjadi penting untuk mengukur referensi/tolok ukur yang disepakati atau yang dianggap kredibel. 4. Langkah-langkah pengurangan emisi dilakukan melalui upaya mengurangi laju deforestasi dan degradasi hutan dengan berbagai cara, termasuk; pengaturan tata ruang, pengurangan konversi hutan, perlindungan hutan, dsb. 5. Untuk melaksanakan upaya pengurangan laju deforestasi dan degradasi, diperlukan instrument pendukung seperti: 1)pengembangan kerangka institusi untuk melakukan tindakan riil dilapangan misalnya penegakan hukum, patroli pengamanan, dan kegiatan teknis lainnya untuk penghitungan emisi yang dihindari, 2)pengembangan kerangka kebijakan dan hukum, dan 3)peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat. 4) Instrumen pendanaan REDD di daerah. 6. Memastikan bahwa pelaksanaan REDD+ tidak memberikan dampak negatif terhadap kondisi lingkungan dan sosial. FPIC merupakan salah satu alat untuk memastikan masyarakat menerima secara sukarela pelaksanaan program REDD. Sesi ini juga memungkinkan untuk pertukaran pengalaman dari provinsi anggota. 7. Bagaimana bagi hasil manfaat setelah VER berhasil diciptakan dan diperjualbelikan? 8. Keputusan MK 35, kesempatan dan peluang bagi provinsi untuk mendorong percepatan pengakuan hutan adat dalam rangka pengelolaan hutan lestari, materi yang disampaikan meliputi: a. Perjalanan tuntutan amandemen UU Kehutanan nomor 41, mengapa harus melakukan tuntutan amandemen dan apa pentingnya bagi masyarakat dan peluangnya untuk pengelolaan hutan secara lestari. b. Terkait dengan REDD+, keputusan MK 35 merupakan pra-kondisi dalam implementasi REDD dalam konteks; penataan hak, penataan batas dan penataan pemanfaatan c. Bagaimana provinsi menyikapi dan mengambil peluang dari keputusan MK 35? Perspektif institusi tingkat nasional seperti Kementrian Kehutanan dan BPN diharapkan dapat memberikan penjelasan bersama CSO dan kelompok akademis, Abdon N mewakili AMAN dan Nur Fauzi mewakili akademisi . d. Sharing tentang upaya tindak lanjut yang telah dilakukan oleh CSO menyikapi keputusan MK 35 dan peluang sinergi dengan Pemerintah Provinsi. 9. MRV, instrument vital dalam pengembangan REDD, meliputi: e. Perkembangan perancangan MRV nasional, termasuk pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu jurisdiction dan land base approach dan aspek-aspek teknis lainnya misalnya; penyusunan baseline/REL, penghitungan deforestasi dan degradasi dan penghitungan stok karbon.
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f. Berbagai inisiatif yang telah dilakukan dalam rangka penyusunan methodologi MRV yang dilakukan lembaga non pemerintah, termasuk; VCS, All REDDI, dan Participatory MRV. g. Arah kebijakan pemerintah, terkait dengan pengembangan MRV dan peran serta pemerintah provinsi, termasuk: strategi pengembangan MRV di tingkat nasional, implementasi di tingkat sub-nasional, dan kompatibilitas MRV Indonesia dengan metode lain, missal: VCS. 10. Menghitung laju deforestasi & degradasi dengan CLASLite (Carnegie Landsat Analisis Sistem) Application. Output yang Diharapkan 1. Rencana tindak lanjut Provinsi anggota GCF untuk pengembangan REDD+ pasca penyusunan dokumen SRAP, sesuai dengan rencana GCF dan institusi nasional terkait REDD. 2. Rencana aksi dalam mendorong percepatan pengakuan hutan adat di Provinsi anggota GCF. 3. Kapasitas penunjang dan kesenjangan untuk implementasi MRV di tingkat provinsi teridentifikasi. 4. Provinsi anggota GCF memiliki sumber daya manusia (satu staf pemerintah, dan satu mewakili CSO) dalam memanfaatkan CLASLite untuk monitoring tutupan hutan. Persiapan Peserta 1. Informasi tentang kemajuan pengembangan REDD di Provinsi, meliputi; a)peraturan tingkat provinsi yang telah ditetapkan, b)insititusi yang telah dibentuk dalam rangka implementasi REDD, c)kapasitas SDM yang telah dipersiapkan, d)alokasi pendanaan yang tersedia, e)upaya lain yang mendukung pengembangan REDD di provinsi. 2. Informasi tentang peluang percepatan pengakuan hutan adat (atau pola pengelolaan lain oleh masyarakat), meliputi: a)komunitas masyarakat adat di wilayah provinsi, b)rencana provinsi dalam minindaklanjuti keputusan MK 35, jika ada. 3. Informasi mengenai kesiapan/pengetahuan Provinsi terkait dengan MRV, meliputi: a)institusi yang relevan dengan kebutuhan untuk implementasi MRV, b)kapasitas yang ada/mungkin tersedia untuk implementasi MRV. 4. Khusus untuk peserta yang akan mengikuti pelatihan CLASLite, membawa perlengkapan berupa Komputer PC (laptop) dan memiliki kemampuan dasar GIS.
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