ATI - Overview
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Outline General Overview • • • • • •
IT Architecture Physical architecture Internet & Web architecture Business Process and IT in enterprise Web 2.0 and Mobile Computing architecture Data architecture
IT Architecture • The roadmap or blueprint that guides the build out (kebijakan) of IT capabilities, acquisition of networks, cloud services, Information System, software & hardware • The IT architecture defines the vision, standards, and roadmap that guide the priorities, operations, and management of the ITs supporting the business
Komponen ATI
Physical (HW & Server) Architecture
Four Components of a Computer System
Tightly coupled
Loosely Coupled
Client/Server • In general, any application where multiple clients connect to a single server. client1
client2
server • one client program (most typical) or • multiple client programs
client3
Generic Client/Server Architecture
Peer-to-Peer Computing • Another model of distributed system • P2P does not distinguish clients and servers – Instead all nodes are considered peers – May each act as client, server or both – Node must join P2P network • Registers its service with central lookup service on network, or • Broadcast request for service and respond to requests for service via discovery protocol
– Examples include Napster and Gnutella
Peer-to-Peer Network
Cluster Network • A cluster is a type of parallel and distributed processing system, which consists of a collection of interconnected stand-alone computers cooperatively working together as a single, integrated computing resource. • A node – a single or multiprocessor system with memory, I/O facilities, & OS
• A cluster – generally 2 or more computers (nodes) connected together – in a single cabinet, or physically separated & connected via a LAN – appear as a single system to users and applications
Cluster Architecture Sequential Applications Sequential Applications Sequential Applications
Parallel Applications Parallel Applications Parallel Applications Parallel Programming Environment
Cluster Layer (Single System Image and Availability Infrastructure) PC/Workstation
PC/Workstation
PC/Workstation
PC/Workstation
Communications
Communications
Communications
Communications
Software
Software
Software
Software
Network Interface Hardware
Network Interface Hardware
Cluster Interconnection Network
Network Interface Hardware
Network Interface Hardware
Grid Architecture
Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing is… … virtualized compute power and storage delivered via platform-agnostic infrastructures of abstracted hardware and software accessed over the Internet. These shared, on-demand IT resources, are created and disposed of efficiently, are dynamically scalable through a variety of programmatic interfaces and are billed variably based on measurable usage….
Cloud – Virtualization (leads to Green Computing)
Internet & Web Architecture
Protokol Web: HTTP • Hypertext Transport Protocol (RFC 1945) – Oleh Tim Berners-Lee, 1990
• Protocol that used to communicate between web browsers and web servers • Using TCP port 80 (default) • This protocol supports hypermedia files • HTTP 1.0 becomes 1.1 by IETF (RFC 2616)
HTTP Message
Web tier architecture HTML rendering
Client Templates, HTML generation scripts, XML and XSLT
Presentation Application-specific components and application logic
Business Logic Data Access
Domain-specific and database-independent layer, typically object-oriented Data storage, typically an (SQL) RDBMS
Data
Service Oriented Architecture • SOA adalah sebuah konsep architecture yang mendefinisikan penggunaan layanan untuk mendukung kebutuhan pengguna software. • A service-oriented architecture is a framework for integrating business processes and supporting IT infrastructure as secure, standardized components—services—that can be reused and combined to address changing business priorities
Characteristics of SOA • Services have platform independent, self describing interfaces (XML) Composable • Messages are formally defined • Services can be discovered Interoperable SOA Re Re--Usable • Services have quality of service characteristics defined in policies Loosely Coupled • Services can be provided on any platform
SOA implementation : Web Service • Mempertukarkan data dalam format XML. • Tersedia dan dikomunikasikan melalui Internet atau intranet. • Bersifat operating system/programming language independent. • Web service mempertukarkan data antara service requestor (aplikasi yang menggunakan data/service) dan service provider (server penyedia data/service) menggunakan service registry (yang berisi kumpulan service-service), dengan salah satu teknologi: – XML-RPC – SOAP – REST
Web Service Layer • • • •
Service transport XML messaging dan encoding/decoding Service description Service discovery
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) • SOAP merupakan protokol komunikasi berbasis XML yang memperbolehkan aplikasi saling bertukar informasi melalui HTTP • SOAP merupakan format untuk mengirimkan message melalui Internet, bersifat platform independent, language independent, dan merupakan standar W3C • SOAP membungkus request & response dalam XML
Elemen SOAP • Elemen Envelope yang mengidentifikasi XML dokumen sebagai SOAP message (wajib) • Elemen Header yang berisi informasi header (opsional) • Elemen Body yang berisi informasi call dan response (wajib) • Elemen Fault yang berisi informasi error yang terjadi (opsional)
REST • REST stands for Representation State Transfer • REST is about accessing resources through a universal interface (HTTP murni) • Conceived in 2000 as a doctoral dissertation by Roy Fielding (a principal author of HTTP 1.0 dan 1.1 protocol) • RESTful URLs are addressable – Sample: http://www.mysite.com/Products/Trek8300
• Links to related data
RESTful Web Services
Resources HTTP Request
Res 1
URL
Res 2
GET POST PUT XML JSON DELETE
Res 3 Res 4
HTTP Response
Status Payload
XML JSON
Business Process and IT in enterprise & commerce
Operatio ons Warehou use Sales & Marrketing Research & Dev velopment Finance & Acc counting Human Reso ources Information Tec chnology
Functional organizational system
Purchasiing
E-Commerce • Penggunaan media elektronik untuk melakukan perniagaan / perdagangan – Telepon, fax, ATM, handphone, SMS – Banking: ATM phone banking, internet banking
• Secara khusus – Penggunaan Internet untuk melakukan perniagaan – Ada transaksi
• E-Commerce dimulai sejak 1970-an • Pure EC (cth: e-book) vs Partial EC (cth: book)
The Structure of E-Commerce in Enterprise
Production in SAP
SAP Procurement
Sales Order in SAP
HR Management
Web 2.0 and Mobile Computing architecture
Web 2.0 Framework
The Seven Key Principles
41
Landscape of Mobile Computing
Data Architecture
Data Life Cycle Process
Data Warehouse vs Data Mart • DW: A generic term for a system of storing, retrieving and managing large amounts of data – Software often includes sophisticated compression and hashing techniques for fast searching and filtering
• DM: type of data warehouse designed mainly to address a specific function or department’s needs – Often uses aggregation or summarization of the data to enhance query performance – Important, however, to maintain the ability to access the underlying base data to enable drilldown analysis as necessary
Data Mining • Exploration & analysis, by automatic or semi-automatic means, of large quantities of data in order to discover meaningful patterns
Next • Server Architecture
