B2.1 - Healthcare
DPG33 – DuuXperience
Appendix
Philémonne Jaasma, Lotte Oude Weernink, Susanne Schouten, Lisa van der Voort Coach: Prof. Dr. Ir. L.M.G. Feijs
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Table of Content Appendix I
Research: Porter Analysis
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Appendix II
Research: Babies
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Appendix III
Research: Society Context
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Appendix IV
Research: Context Mapping
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Appendix V
Context Mapping Introduction Letter
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Appendix VI
Context Mapping Booklet
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Appendix VII
Context Mapping Moodboards
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Appendix VIII
Thinkertoys Methods
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Appendix IX
Personas
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Appendix X
Booklets Personas
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Appendix XI
Concept Evaluation Results
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Appendix XII
Moodboards Personas
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Appendix XIII
Examples of masculine products in orange and black
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Appendix XIV
Usertest on Form: Handout and Results
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Appendix XV
Technology: Circuits
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Appendix XVI
Technology: Programming
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Note: For all references, see the references chapter in the main report
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Appendix I - Research: Porter Analysis Porter analysis Introduction Duux’ micro business environment is analyzed with help of a Porter analysis. This analysis focuses on the company’s direct surroundings. The porter analysis describes the power of five different forces; the supplier(s), the substitutes, the new entrants, the buyers, and rivalry. If any of these forces change, the company will have to do a reorientation on the market. This means that the porter analysis is only a snapshot, focusing on a specific moment in time. This analysis is focused on the year 2010. Duux released products before the year 2010. Since those products are not available on the market anymore can be concluded that those products weren’t a success. Although this failure would be interesting to analyze, there decision is made to focus on Duux as a company because there is no information available about Duux’ previous products. Suppliers The suppliers are the ones that provide commodities or services to another company, in this case Duux. The bargaining power of the supplier is inverse with the amount of suppliers, meaning that when a company has few suppliers, the threat for the company is big. Suppliers can for instance increase the price or lower the quality of the goods they deliver. Or a supplier can for instance decide to bypass his customer and start manufacturing the products himself. A supplier is powerful if: [1] It is dominated by a few companies and is more concentrated than the industry it sells to. Its product is unique or at least differentiated, or if it has built up switching costs. It is not obliged to contend with other products for sale to the industry. It poses a credible threat of integrating forward into the industry’s business. The industry is not an important customer of the suppliers group. Since there are lots of potential suppliers of electronics in China, Hong Kong and so on, it is easy for Duux to switch from one to another when Duux is not satisfied with the first supplier. Since Duux is (at this moment) a small company, it is not an important customer of the supplier yet. If Duux would be an important customer, this would motivate the supplier to set reasonable prices and to provide assistance in activities like R and D [1]. Suppliers can be considered low threat, because there is a high amount of potential suppliers in proportion to the companies that want to purchase products.
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Buyers The bargaining power of customers is also described as the market of outputs: the ability of customers to put the firm under pressure, which also affects the customer’s sensitivity to price changes. The influence of the buyer is determined by some factors. A buyer group is powerful if: [1]
It is concentrated or purchased in large volumes.
The products it purchases from the industry form a component of its product and represent a significant fraction of its cost.
It earns low profits, which create great incentive to lower its purchasing costs.
The industry’s product is unimportant to the quality of the buyers’ products or services.
The industry’s product does not save the buyer money.
The buyers pose a credible threat of integrating backward to make the industry’s product.
If Duux makes the difference between the cost price and the selling price for the retailer to small, there will not be a lot of profit for the retailer and it will choose to buy from one of Duux’ rivals. Retailers can gain significant bargaining power over Duux, because they have influence consumer’s purchasing decisions. This especially concerns Duux because their products are sold in specialty stores. Personnel of those specialty stores can advise customers to buy one baby product or the other. Buyers are a high threat. Because the buyer has a lot of products to choose from, they can set the requirements (low price, brand, high quality etc.) Rivalry Companies that can be considered to be rivals of Duux are companies that have the same focus as Duux. Duux focuses on baby electronics for young parents and parents-to-be all over the world. The design of these baby products is not baby-like, but focused on the parents (especially the dad). Duux aspires to sell its products in specialty stores. Today Duux developed baby monitors, a scale, a nightlight projector and a food warmer [2]. Safety1st is rival of Duux in design, because it also develops lines of products with the focus on the parents. It already is a big brand in baby products and sells all over the world [7]. Philips Avent sells products with the same function as Duux’ products (e.g. humidifier, babymonitor and a scale) which make them a rival of Duux because Philips is a well known brand which consumers have a lot of faith in. Especially in products were safety is as important as in baby electronics this customer’s faith is important. 6
Baby monitors and nightlights can be found in all shapes and price ranges so there will be a lot of competition in this area [5]. Since a baby’s growth is recorded at an infant centre, a scale is not a necessary tool for parents to have at home. There is no need to weight the baby frequently when the baby is healthy and its growth is recorded at an infant centre [6]. If parents want to weigh the baby, this can be done by first stepping on the scale without the baby and then with the baby. Parents can save money on not buying the food warmer, but instead warming the food au-bainmarie with help of a thermometer. Another decision can be to buy a cheaper, but less exclusive bottle warmer such as the ‘Alecto Bottle warmer’ for eighteen euro’s [4]. Rivalry is considered a high threat, because there are lots of companies that provide baby products that are cheaper or well known by the customer. Besides this, there are ways to use household products to bypass Duux’ products. Substitutes This sub-chapter describes (future) solutions for the parents to bypass Duux products. In the future, mobile phones with the possibility to download applications will be a lot cheaper. This assumption is based on the development of mobile phones in the past years. When a new phone enters the market, the older ones get cheaper. This could lead to a baby having its own mobile phone. Applications on this phone could be a baby monitor which is connected to the parent’s mobile phones. Another application could be a nightlight. This way parents only have to buy one product for several targets and they can switch to another application with different advantages easily. For instance, when the baby is older, the nightlight can be adapted. Though, there will still be need for tangible products such as food warmers and scales. Substitutes are an average threat because some baby products Duux developed so far could be replaced by one multifunctional product. New entrants Duux is a new entrant Companies that are a possible threat for Duux are companies who focus on baby electronics and young parents and have the same strategy and communicate the same way with their customers. A possible new entrant on the market Duux operates on can be the Scandinavian company iiamo [3]. They only sell their products in Scandinavia now, but this could be extended since they for example won the innovation award at the “Kind und Jugend Trade Show” in Keulen. Both Duux and iiamo designed a food warmer focusing on innovation and safety [3]. Other new entrants are an average threat, because there are not a lot of companies in baby electronics that have a design focus on the parents.
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Conclusion and discussion
Suppliers Suppliers can be considered low threat, because there is a high amount of potential suppliers in proportion to the companies that want to purchase products.
Buyers Buyers are a high threat. Because the buyer has a lot of products to choose from, they can set the requirements (low price, brand, high quality etc.)
Rivalry Rivalry is considered a high threat, because there are lots of companies that provide baby products that are cheaper or well known by the customer. Besides this, there are ways to use household products (e.g. warming food au bain-marie) to bypass Duux’ products.
New entrants Other new entrants are an average threat, because there are not a lot of companies in baby electronics that have a design focus on the parents.
Substitutes Substitutes are an average threat because some baby products Duux developed so far could be replaced by one multifunctional product. Tough, there will still be need for tangible products such as food warmers and scales.
Figure 1 As shown in the image above, buyers and rivalry are the biggest threat. These are the factors that can be taken in mind during the design process. Both the bargaining power of buyers and the threat of rivalry can be reduced by designing innovative products that are valued by the parents and which are not available on the market yet. The threat of substitute products can be reduced by designing tangible products that cannot be replaced by an application on a mobile phone. 8
Appendix II - Research: Babies Duux as a company focuses on the parents and their preferences. Though, when developing baby electronics, it is important to have an understanding about the baby as well. There are many different aspects in the caretaking of the baby. As a parent you are not just responsible for physical caretaking, but also for the mental development of your child. In this paper the different aspects of babies and the caretaking of babies will be taken into account. There will be looked at the caretaking of babies, the development of a baby and ways of communication for a baby. Note 1: Knowing that babies can be both male and female, babies are referred to as “he” or “him” in this paper in order to simplify the writing. Note 2: This paper is rather long, compared to other parts of the research. Please be aware of that. Caretaking of babies Rhythm The most important thing in the life of a young baby is their rhythm. Babies need regularity. Their daily routine and biological clock should not differ from each other too much. The rhythm mainly consists of the times babies sleep and are being fed. Every baby has his or her own rhythm. Some babies have a very consistent rhythm, while others tend to have their needs on a different time every day. When the baby grows older, there will be more regularity in his rhythm. (1) Sleeping The first couple of weeks of a baby’s life, the baby mostly sleeps. It tends to sleep twenty to twenty-two hours per day. One of the reasons for this is that babies gain a lot of new information and impresses when they’re awake. They need to process these during their sleep. When the baby is a month old, he sleeps around sixteen to twenty hours per day. He does this in blocks of about three or four hours. After about six weeks the baby starts sleeping a bit longer during nighttime. It is important to make the difference between night- and daytime clear to the baby. During daytime, the baby can sleep in a bright environment. During night it should sleep in its own bed, in a dark environment. If the baby does wake up, it is important to keep the lights turned off, so he will fall asleep more easily again. When the baby gets older, he will be able to get in a deeper sleep (mainly during nighttime). This makes that he will sleep easier through the night. Though, “sleeping through the night” initially means sleeping about five hours during nighttime for the baby. The baby will often wake up because he is hungry or because he is feeling lonely. (2) As the baby ages, his sleeping rhythm will become more stable and he will need less sleep. When the baby is a year old, he will sleep about 10 to 12 hours during nighttime and about 2 hours in the afternoon.(3)
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Babies are very light sleepers, so they easily wake up. Especially during the first 25 minutes of their 50-minutes sleeping cycle. This makes that babies are hard to move around when they are asleep; they tend to wake up very easily. Though, these first 25 minutes are very important for the development of a baby. In this phase they process all of their experiences of that day. (4) Feeding Most babies get breastfeeding, at least the first couple of months of their lives. The milk from their mother helps them to build up a good immune system, it contains all the nutrition the child needs. Breastfeeding is also very good for the bonding between the mother and the child. Bottle feeding is also an option when the mother is not able to give breastfeeding or isn’t the main caretaker of the baby. (5) The first six weeks, the baby wants to be fed about seven or eight times per day. When they are six to eight weeks old, they want their meals about six times a day. Between two and six months they only need their milk about five times a day. After six months the baby can be fed at will. After four months the parents can start with feeding the baby other, more solid food, like mashed vegetables. For quite some time, these kinds of meals have to be alternated with bottle or breast milk. When the baby gets older, he can also eat food like meat, fish and bread. (6) Physical caretaking Since it usually takes about three years before a child will go to the toilet, dirty diapers are also a part of the caretaking of a baby. The diaper needs to be changed on a regular base in order to prevent diaper-rash. How many dirty diapers a baby produces depends on the kind of feeding the baby gets. Babies usually like going in bath. This is also a good bonding-activity between the parent and child. The child doesn’t require a bath every day, though. The water might dry out his skin. Another bonding activity between the baby and its parent is giving the baby a massage. Massaging the baby is, among others, good for relaxation of the baby, stimulating the development of the baby and for parents to understand their babies’ body language better. It is a way for parents to make intensive contact with the child. (7)(8) Development of a baby Consciousness After the baby is born, he is already very aware about his surroundings. Directly after his birth, the baby can already focus on objects that are twenty centimeters away from his face. After about six weeks he knows how to focus on objects about half a meter away from him. When the baby is four months old, he has the same eyesight as a grown-up. (1) Newborns do not have any understandings about the world. They recognize objects but cannot attach a value to it. Babies will not recognize their parents until they are about three months 10
old. When they do start to recognize their parents, they will start to feel secure with them. This phase is a very important one in the bonding between parent and child. (9) Babies will learn about objects by trying them out. If the baby gets a reaction when of touching an object, e.g. a sound, and this happens repeatedly, the baby learns that touching the object causes the sound. This way babies explore the world step by step. Babies learn about interaction with other people by recognizing the reaction they evoke by other people after a certain action, like doing something that make people laugh. They also learn by imitating facial expressions from other people. (10) When the baby gets older, he becomes more aware of its surroundings, himself and his own possibilities. He starts to see connections between his movements and their effects. In order to stimulate this development, it is really important to have the baby in a very stimulating environment. The more the baby sees and notices, the quicker he will have an understanding about his surroundings. (1) Babies are more intrigued by complicated and moving objects than simple and static objects. This is why they like faces very much. (1) Motor skills and physical development Newborns have very poor motor skills. They do have several reflexes, like the grasping reflex. The grasping reflex causes the baby to grasp anything that is held in front of him and to keep hold of it very tightly. After about three months this reflex slowly disappears. The baby also has a sucking reflex that makes him suck on al objects put near his mouth, like a nipple, finger or pacifier. (11) By practicing, the motor skills of a baby will be more and more refined. It is important to help the baby strengthen its muscles. This can be done by laying the baby on his belly; he will try to lift his head which is good for the development of the muscles in his neck. It is also important to practice sitting with the baby and moving his head from left to right. When the baby is about eight months old, he can sit without support. The baby will also start with crawling by that time. He gets more control over the movements of his hands; he will be able to pick up very small objects and he starts pointing at things in his surroundings. (12) When the baby is between a year and a year and a half old, he will make his first steps. By doing so, he opens new ways of discovering his surroundings. (6) Communication Since babies cannot talk, it is often very difficult for parents to understand their baby’s needs. There are, though, several ways in which babies try to express their needs. Crying Crying is the most common way for babies to express themselves. Babies can have a lot of different reasons to cry, but they hardly ever cry for nothing. Usually the baby cries because he is hungry. If the baby cries after he has been fed, he could have an upset stomach. Furthermore, babies cry when they are in pain or physical discomfort. They can feel ill or have cramps but they could also just have a soaked diaper or lie in their bed uncomfortably.
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Another reason for crying can be a need for physical contact. The baby sometimes needs the contact with his parent in order to feel comfortable. Furthermore the surroundings of a baby have a great influence on the baby. If he’s in a noisy environment, he will get nervous and upset. The baby usually has different kind of cries with different needs. It is pretty hard to recognize the cries, parents often get frustrated and insecure when their baby is crying for a long time and they don’t know why. (1)(6) Hearing An embryo can already hear when they are two to three months old in the uterus. It hears the voice of its mother and her heartbeat. These are also things that can calm the baby down after its birth. As much noise as a baby can make itself, as much he hates loud noises himself. Loud noises can really upset the baby; he prefers soft and high tones. The natural way of people to talk to a baby -on a high falset-like voice- is thus actually very pleasant for the baby. (1) Facial expressions Babies can communicate by means of body language. Babies have a way of reacting to sounds which is called communicative synchronism. They tend to nod, raise their eyebrows or smile when somebody talks to them. It’s something everybody does in a conversation. For babies these subtle signs of understanding play an important role in bonding and developing intensive contact with their parents. It also contributes to the baby’s understanding about having a conversation. (1) Talking A baby’s first step in learning to talk is listening to people talking, so it is very important to talk a lot to a baby. When the baby is one or two months old, he will start making noises like “uh” and “ah”. He will elaborate this by imitating other people. After about six months, the baby will start to babble. He practices intonations and conversations without words. Around nine months, the baby already has a lot of ways to communicate by means of making sounds combined with facial expressions and body language. He can point out things that he likes or dislikes. When the baby is about one year old, he will say his first few words. From this point on he will learn more words and start combining them. The baby learns best and quickest by practicing a lot and experiencing a lot of examples. (13) Conclusion The caretaking of a baby is a 24/7 job. The baby is helpless and completely dependent from his mother (or father/other caretaker). The baby requires a lot of attention. He needs to be fed, changed, needs to sleep and to be looked after. These activities, though, really contribute to the bonding between mother and baby. It is important to take time to do these activities properly. The baby needs the security and safety of being near his mother. He also needs her comforting him to calm down when he is crying. As a parent, you are not just responsible for the physical caretaking and development of the baby, but also very much for the mental and emotional development. Babies need a lot of 12
stimulation and examples from their environment in order to develop themselves. Playing with the baby is a good way to do that. Thereby, playing can contribute to the motor skills of a baby and the bonding with its parent. But also just talking to the baby or giving him sight on what you are doing will contribute to the development of the child.
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Appendix III – Research: Society context Context Where does the baby reside, what are the options for baby daycare by others than the parents? In table 1, you can see the satisfactory level of Dutch parents concerning several options of baby daycare by others.
Table 1
Many parents choose for multiple ways and persons to look after their baby. However, the mother was in many cases still the main caretaker. The most used option was an unpaid babysitter for their kids, such as the grandparents or other family members. Daycare was a second way, but never did the baby spend more time at the daycare than with the mother. An intermediate of 30 families showed that babies spend around 16 hours per week in daycare. These hours were mostly spread over three days or less. Though daycares are very popular, a lot of concern arises with the moms when leaving their baby there. The daycare employees are often very young and inexperienced, as some of them have not even finished their study yet. Thereby can daycares be a bit impersonal and chaotic because of their size, too few and too many babies. An alternative for the daycares are the guest parents. They are much more personal, but are harder to deal with in terms of availability and planning. Thereby, when a guest parent is sick or has another sudden situation coming in, finding an alternative for the baby is very hard. Most parents try to fit their children with the grandparents at such moments. However, many people think that grandparents should be something fun, and should not be secondary caretakers. Besides that, the grandparents live more active lives than before; they have their own agendas and do not match the old-fashioned home-sitting grandparents of the past. This is a trend that is expected to continue into the future.
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What is the percentage of babies with divorced parents? A precise number could not be found, but an article from the CBS Nederland in 2003 (Bevolkingstrends, 1e kwartaal 2003) stated that of all families in Holland, one out of six is a single-parent family. Concerning babies in the age category of 0-3, one out of 30 lives in such a family. The baby generally stays with the mother, of whom 40% has a paid job, see table 2 and article 1 below. Note: the article is in Dutch.
Table 2
Moderne alleenstaande moeders Het matriarchaat is in opkomst… In snel tempo groeit het aantal gezinnen waarin de vader ontbreekt. Veel alleenstaande moeders in dergelijke gezinnen hebben een eigen inkomen en zijn gelukkig. Toch is het leven voor sommigen van hen verre van ideaal. In deprimerende krantenberichten over uitzichtloze armoede en torenhoge huurschulden zijn zij het steevast die het lot treft. Het beeld verschuift echter. Alleenstaande moeders zitten minder vaak in de bijstand: bijna 40 procent van hen heeft een baan, een aandeel dat volgens het CBS in tien jaar is verdubbeld. En omdat hun aantal snel toeneemt – één op de zes gezinnen is een eenoudergezin – wordt de alleenstaande moeder langzamerhand een geaccepteerd verschijnsel. Onderzoeker Jan Latten van het CBS ontwaart een ’voorzichtige tendens richting matriarchaat’. Moeders zullen in economisch opzicht steeds zelfstandiger worden. De kinderopvang zal uitbreiden, waarbij de staat de rol van de ontbrekende partner voor een deel overneemt. Bron: de Volkskrant, 5 maart 2003
Article 1
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Working pattern of the parents and division of caretaking between the parents. According to Dutch figures (see Table 3 and 4) most families have a conventional task division. In most cases, the father is the wage earner, while the mother has a part-time job and takes care of the children and the household. She spends about 25 % of her time to a paid job, 72% goes to household and family, whereas the father spends almost 87% to his job, and only 8% to the family. However, 1 out of the three fathers does indicate that he wants to spend more time on the family, but that it is simply impossible considering the total income for the family.
The task division is not only linked to the income; it appears that education level also has an influence on the household situation. In families in which both parents are higher educated, the task division is more equally Table 3 divided. Mothers as well as fathers are in the labour force, meaning they have a part time job for more than 12 hours per week; this group is 40 percent of all families in which both parents have a job. Moreover, in families in which both parents are not in the labour force, education level is low; more than 50 % of them only has primary or secondary school as their highest diploma.
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Parents and the government Dutch newborn babies are registered within their municipality of birth, and thereby are directly registered in a so called “Elektronisch Kind Dossier” (EKD). It stores all the information on the child’s health, development and environment. It also contains information about the parents such as their job and family background. This information is gathered by the consultancy agency, but parents have indicated that they distrust this agency, and that the agency’s method is not very friendly. Many parents feel like lying about their background and house-hold situation. They are afraid the consultancy agency might judge them incapable of parenting, which would be unfair in their eyes. At one side, the government controls the parents and their family, on the other hand, they also support them. Parents are allowed to take up maternity leave for up to 26 weeks. The mother is obliged to stop working one month before giving birth, the father can spend his 26 weeks whenever he wants. Parents can use maternity leave until their child is eight years old. Employers of both men and women are not committed to pay out those 26 weeks, although more than half of the employers chose to pay out these weeks at least partially. Table 5 in shows how often parents take up their maternity leave; it shows the relationship between the task division. In families in which the mother is the wage earner and the father does not work, only 20 % takes up maternity leave, which imposes that the father takes the care for the baby. When both parents have a job, a higher percentage of women takes up maternity leave, probably because the income can suffer a decrement for a while and in a lot of cases because there is no other opportunity.
The employer of a pregnant woman or mother is committed to arrange a safe and healthy workspot for her. She is allowed to take extra breaks of a time span that is a maximum of 1/8th of your normal worktime. There must be a proper resting place for the mother and she is allowed to have pregnancy research during her workday.
Table 5 18
Besides the maternity leave, parents also receive “child allowance” and in some cases have right on a special child-linked budget, depending on the summed
income of the parents. Most parents really need this support, as their incomes generally decrease because the mother stops working or works less. In 2009, one out of three families indicated they were struggling with their finances after having a baby, as their income decreased but their expenses were raised. The government is trying to support working mothers in terms of part time employment. Nowadays, most women work around 12 hours per week, but through employment measures and information campaigns (Taskforce Deeltijd Plus) the government tries to raise this number to at least 24 hours per week, so that also women can work on their career after having a baby. Conclusion Most families have a conventional task division regarding work and household.family. The mother takes care of the latter, while the father is the wage earner. However, as Duux focuses on the so called yup’s, the focus is on higher educated parents with a higher living standard than is common. In these families, task division is more equally divided, 40% of the mothers in such families have a paid job and are educated on HBO or university level. Despite of the maternity leave and other job related arrangements these parents are granted, they have less time to spend on baby care. Their baby spends more time with other caretakers than in families in which the mother is not in the labour force (this means having a job for more than 12 hours per week). The unpaid babysitters such as grandparents or sisters are the most popular way for parents to trust their baby to.
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Appendix IV – Research: Context mapping What: Generic research Context mapping is a way to reach the hidden dreams and wishes of people, through creative expression. Why this method In order to design for an unfamiliar context, information is needed to understand- and even empathise with- the user in this context. The term ‘context’ will be used to refer to ‘all factors that influence the experience of a product use’ (1). The method of context mapping is specifically chosen to uncover hidden dreams and wishes of young parents, which are expected to be a valuable source of inspiration for the design process. Especially since the project focuses on future parents, these visions of the future are relevant, see figure 2.
Figure 2
The experience domain (modified from Sanders, 2001 (2))
Other methods, such as probing (3), have been decided less valuable, since the method of context mapping includes a group session which is highly informative and allows for emphatic research, whereas in the probing method there is emphasis on the probes without a group discussion to follow. A benefit of context mapping is that this research generates a lot of varied data. It can not only provide insight in the lives of the participants (their context), it can also be an emphatic research opportunity, because personal information is not only shared, but also discussed with others and the researcher in person attends to this conversation. The downside of this method relates to the benefit: a lot of varied data. This makes it hard to extract concrete numbers and figures from the research. However, this downside is accepted since the team declares that numbers are less important than the emphatic research for this very personal, emotional context of mothers and babies. Main question Before starting this study, a research question was formed. It captures the main goal of what information is searched for through this research. The question follows.
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“What is it like to be a parent, and what specific demands do parents set for themselves, or feel that they need to live up to?” Having this question on beforehand will help to guide the research, and to minimise personal interpretations and projections by the researcher. The researcher in this case also made a mind map on her own feelings and assumptions around this question, see figure 3. The mind map shows what she already expected, therefore it will be easier to determine new insight, because information from the users can be compared to this map. Putting the researcher’s conceptions on paper also decreases the chance of biased research results.
Figure 3 How A structured approach is necessary to complete the context mapping in a proper way. This section describes the set up of this user study. Preparation Before approaching potential participants, several steps needed to be taken. First of all the main goal of the study was determined, see ‘main question’ section. This goal helped to give shape to the exercises for the session, and created awareness for observation. Then, a strategy and tools for selecting participants were set up. Finally, in preparation for the group session, sensitising packages were developed, as well as activities and exercises for the group 22
session. Also from the beginning on, continuous administration was important and the progress was well documented. Selecting participants Possible participants were young parents (under the age of 35, preferably under 30). Their children had to be younger than three years old. This is the target group on which client Duux focuses, and these parents are also the ones that have a more progressive attitude in comparison with older parents. This attitude should enhance their ability to express their dreams and wishes for the future. The plan was to select participants at the baby specialist store, or day care or at an infant welfare centre. For their effort, participants would receive a gift card of 10 Euros for a baby specialist store. However, even with this reward, persuading people to participate in this personal and time demanding enquiry seemed difficult to the team. Therefore, the social network was explored. This resulted in an established contact with a young mother, who was willing to participate. Plan B was set to action: have a group of friends as participants and have a personal, close, comfortable group session in their environment. This would make the threshold to share experiences lower, because they would be in their comfort zone. Furthermore, the threshold of required effort would lower because participants would have a group session in their neighbourhood instead of at the university. Finally, four participants were selected this way, and sensitising booklets with introduction letters were delivered to them. Sensitisation Before taking part in the group session, all participants were encouraged to review and reflect on their daily activities through the sensitising package. In this case, participants received a sort of diary with some points and lots of open space to write down or draw their experiences. Together with this booklet they received an introduction letter, which was written in a stimulating way, to excite the participants to really use this booklet the way they wanted to. The letter put emphasis on freedom of expression. Furthermore, participants were asked to take some pictures every day, without rules or restrictions. The booklet includes space to write about the pictures every day. For the booklet and introduction letter see respectively appendix V and VI. Figure 4 below shows the filled in booklets.
Figure 4
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Group session The group session was held at the house of one of the participants. In this way, it was less effort for the participants to take part, and moreover a comfortable, personal environment was ensured for them, see the section ‘selecting participants’. The session set up was the following. Two researchers were involved: one with the task to observe, administrate and keep an eye on video and camera matters, and one to engage in conversation, to actually manage the session. The session started with a five minute introduction, to give the participants an impression of what to expect from this evening. Also a consent form was signed by all participants. Moreover, they were assured that they were experts on this topic, to make them feel comfortable and not as if they were tested on their parenting skills. Then, the first activity was to discuss the pictures that the participants took during the sensitisation phase. By doing this, a connection was established between the diary and the group session. Participants explained why they took the pictures and how they felt about them in hindsight. Possible relations between all pictures were explored. Then the mood board activities started. These were the main objectives of the group session. They were believed to be a good medium to let the participants be creative, without being too abstract, and therefore make it fairly easy to express thoughts and feelings. The general theme of the group session was ‘how did your life change when becoming a parent?’. This question though, was obviously not appropriate to directly ask. This is where the mood boards came in; they guided the participants step by step towards their own answer. An overview of all mood boards created during this session can be found in appendix VII: Context mapping Moodboards. There were three steps: first a mood board with the lay-out shown in figure 5.1, which showed life before becoming a parent, in contrast to life now as a parent. After they were presented, explained and discussed, the second mood board was created, this one was about the ideal situation for the participants. After these were discussed, finally an overview mood board conform the layout shown in figure 5.2 was created. This mood board gave the participants an extra push to make connections and to indicate what factors exactly had changed over time, and what factors they would like to change over time. After the creation of each mood board, a discussion was held where all participants explained their creation and responded on each others’ stories.
Figure 5.1
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Figure 5.2
Finally, there was time to share experiences on this evening. The participants were informed about the general process of the researchers, and were thanked for their time and openness. Also, the researchers mentioned that they would like to get back to the participants in a later stage of the project for more user tests. Key points The women found it hard to imagine life without children. They remember that it was quite stressful and free from structure. They could sleep more, but actually none of the mothers had difficulty with losing sleep, although they did expect that. “My baby was due in February, so on new year’s eve I went out until five in the morning, because I thought: ‘this will be the last time, when the baby comes this is all over!’ ” The mothers find happiness in small things nowadays. Whereas they can remember that buying an expensive frock made them happy before they had a child, now they find happiness in the child playing by itself, or showing a smile. “I was alone in the car once, and I saw a cow in a meadow. ‘Hey look at that, it’s a cow!’ I exclaimed. Then I realised that I was alone, in the car, without my child!” Being away from their baby is hard for all mothers. Some got used to it easier than others. Some still do not trust their parents in law with their baby, some have doubts about the quality of day-care. These caretakers are avoided; if anyone, their own mother is the most suitable babysitter. “If it was up to me alone, I would stop working right now. I would love to be at home with my children all the time. Yes, the extra money is nice so I still keep it up. But mostly I feel pressured to work as a mother. I think that people will disapprove of me when I stop working completely, these days you are expected to still work part-time if you have children.” Love is an important theme in their mood boards, see figures 7.1 and 7.8 in appendix VII: Context Mapping Moodboards. The mothers indicate that love is surrounding everything they do at the moment. The notion of love has changed for them since they had a baby. One mother explained: “The love for my child is everything, in relation to the love for my partner that seems like a part; I chose my partner, he was formed before I met him; my child, however, I gave birth to; he is mine completely. When I first held my baby I thought: ‘Oh so this is love!’ It, to me, is like Plato’s allegory of the cave.” The women under 30 years old had more personal ambition than the women just over 30. The latter ones mostly had goals relating to the well-being of their family rather than goals for personal development. The mood board in figure 7.3 in appendix VII: Context Mapping Moodboards below shows the ideal future of a 31-year old mother. She focused on a cosy house, nature and animals, but mainly on her children. She said that the goats in the pictures represent kids with one extra; she would like a third. The little figurines are her family, and the bike resembles health for all of them.
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The general consent was that the mothers hoped to balance their lives better in the future. Though working part-time solves a lot of issues, the right amount of working hours versus quality time was not yet reached. Juggling issues of parenting, working and relaxing was hard for the mothers they agreed, and in the future they hoped to be more capable of doing this. They felt they needed to become better at communication, organising and structuring, see the mood board in figure 7.10, appendix VII: Context Mapping Moodboards On the other hand they would all like to be spontaneous again in their relationship. They were unanimous about the fire in their partnerships; it had gone down since having babies. This was accepted to be a fact; however they still felt that it might come back after things were calmer around the household. They felt that they would need to make a bit of an effort to relight the fire, but they had good hopes. Figure 6 shows how vital factors changed in the lives of mothers, over time.
Figure 6
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Conclusion The four women that participated in this session live in Schijndel, a village near Eindhoven. This seems to be of a large influence on their attitude on life. The researchers expect different outcomes if this session were to be held with big city inhabitants. Regardless of the living situation, they made remarks and went into directions that are obviously ‘mother-like’ in general. The women that were in this session are not (yet) the women that this project targets. They are not yet the three women in one; they have happily accepted that being a mother is their far largest part and willingly gave up the partying- and career woman in them. However, this is what they say during the discussion of the ‘present’ mood boards. Discussing the ‘future’ mood boards brings up the feeling that the mothers are actually not in acceptance of working less, and feel they need to spend more time on working in order to be successful. Striking here is that the researchers see that the younger mothers do still have personal ambition in their professional field, whereas the mothers just over 30 showed a lot more carelessness with respect to their career. This dichotomy ensured for a good conversation on why it is so hard to still be those three women in one. It was interesting to see where the mothers feel they can improve and why they feel uncomfortable with some aspects of the current situation. Their remarks were conformational rather than eye-opening. However, of course this session has shed light on some unknown aspects and most of all; it was a magnificent empathising opportunity. On a personal note: the researcher does not like babies all that much, and does not plan on becoming a mother herself, but this evening with these mothers made her feel the strength and love that these women exuberate and that was really impressing. Because of the trusted-homeenvironment and the friendly-familiar atmosphere, the researchers at some points felt like they were one of the mothers during the session. Later in the process, this experience will definitely be beneficial in the creation of realistic ideas, because a better understanding of the context is gained.
“What is it like to be a parent, and what specific demands do parents set for themselves, or feel that they need to live up to?” Becoming a parent is giving an endless, intuitive devotion to your child. The love for this child is bigger than anything, and all issues are nil in relation to this love. Yes, the mothers do acknowledge that they had to let things go, but nothing will ever compare to the joy and pride they get back from their child. It is extremely rewarding to be a parent, they indicate. The table below indicates the demands in the lives of mothers. These were extracted from the context mapping research. Demands mothers set for themselves Be at family’s back and call Be a role model for their children Be beautiful (as little signs of pregnancy as possible) Get back the fire in their relationship Communicate better with partner Balance work with motherhood Achieve more at the office, organise it better
Demands they feel they need to live up to Keep working part-time Be organised Be aware of everything that is happening with the household Keep up the pace
Table 5
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Appendix V – Context Mapping Introduction Letter
Eindhoven, 20 september 2010 Inleidende brief aangaande het onderzoek naar de ervaringen van jonge ouders.
Beste deelnemer, Leuk dat je meedoet aan dit onderzoek naar de ervaringen van jonge ouders! Zoals je al hebt vernomen wordt dit onderzoek gehouden naar aanleiding van een project voor Industrial Design aan de Technische Universiteit van Eindhoven. Het onderzoek bestaat uit twee delen: een dagboekje, en een groepssessie. Het boekje bevat een paar invulpunten maar vooral veel open ruimte om jouw ervaringen in op te schrijven, of te tekenen etc. Voel je vrij om ermee te doen wat je wilt, het is aan jou! Het enige vereiste is dat je het boekje vier dagen gebruikt. Naast het bijhouden van dit dagboekje, wil ik je vragen om elke dag wat foto’s te nemen van dingen uit je omgeving. Ook hier zijn geen voorwaarden aan verbonden, fotografeer wat jij wilt. Het tweede deel van het onderzoek bestaat uit een groepssessie met vier tot zes jonge ouders. Deze zal plaatsvinden in Schijndel op een onderling te overleggen datum, het liefst in week 39. Tijdens deze sessie gaat het om het delen van ervaringen door middel van gesprekken maar vooral ook creatieve uitingen. Dit klinkt wat abstract, en misschien ook vreemd, maar het wordt tijdens de sessie vanzelf duidelijk. Deze sessie zal tussen de één en twee uur beslaan. Aangezien ervaringen persoonlijk zijn, is deze bijeenkomst uiteraard informeel en zal alle persoonlijke informatie die eruit voortkomt discreet behandeld worden. Hierbij ontvang je het dagboekje, het eerste deel van het onderzoek. Ik wens je veel plezier de komende vier dagen, houd je niet in! Mocht je nog vragen hebben, aarzel dan niet om contact met mij op te nemen. Met vriendelijke groet, Philémonne Jaasma
[email protected] 06-42491344
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Appendix VI – Context Mapping Booklet
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BOOKLET! Booklet.pdf
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Appendix VII – Context Mapping Moodboards
Figure 7.1
33 Figure 7.2
Figure 7.3
34 Figure 7.4
Figure 7.5
35 Figure 7.6
Figure 7.7
36 Figure 7.8
Figure 7.9
37 Figure 7.10
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Appendix VIII – ThinkerToys methods Thinkertoys methods Brutethink This way of idea generation is usually done in the beginning of a new project. Its technique is based on random idea generation, and makes use of the fact that the brains always try to see connections between things. “The human brain cannot deliberately concentrate on two separate objects or ideas without eventually forming a connection between them. No two inputs can remain separate in your mind no matter how remote they are from each other.” 1 For instance, our brains are taught that there is a connection between bread and butter. However, artists sometimes make use of contradictory objects in one image, in order to let people think about it. Brutethink forces people to make connections between two things that do not seem to have a connection at first. This way, the strangest and most diverse connections are made, that can open up the mind to groundbreaking ideas. The method: 1. State the (design)problem and therefrom pick a keyword. 2. Bring in a few random words such as examples are ‘sand’ ‘soupe’ and ‘stone. 3. Think of a variety of things that are associated with your chosen keyword. 4. Force connections; make jokes and stories between the words, think of properties of the words, similarities, functions etc. etc. 5. List your ideas!
Stone Soup The stone soup method is a fantasy based way of idea generation. Fantasies and humor can often bring new insights or new thoughts Fantasy is stimulated by “what-if-questions” or “suppose-that” sentences. For example: What if as you aged you became more beautiful and intelligent? Or: What if you could eat clouds for breakfast? These kind of questions forces you to think of the impossible and to think beyond standards. The Method: “1. Stipulate the (design)challenge in a short comprehensive sentence. 2. List as many “what-if-questions” and scenarios as you can. 3. Try to answer the questions that arise from the scenario.”
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Appendix IX – Personas Career woman: Linda van Someren is a real career woman, living in a penthouse in Amsterdam. She would give up anything for her job: making promotion is one of her utmost priorities. She lives a fast and trendy life, and of course she is always up to date with the latest trends and fashion: after all, a career woman has to look neat and well dressed. In the evening she finds her relaxation in partying, drinking cocktails with friends and watching Sex and the City in her penthouse. Men in her life come and go, as she has no need for a more steady, long term relationship. As long as she can do what she likes she is fine with any man. However, one and a half year ago Linda became pregnant of her former lover. Now, she is mother of her 8 month old son. She mostly sees him in the morning and evening during breakfast and dinner. Through the day, Jesse stays at the daycare or, when that is full, at his grandmother’s place. Due to the few contact hours Linda has with her son, she sometimes feels a little clumsy with him, nevertheless, she cares too much about her own free lifestyle to really bother about this inconvenience.
Eco woman Mary-ann and Ingrid are in their thirties. They are happily married since two years and living in “het Groene Hart” in Utrecht, the Netherlands. They both teach, Mary-Ann teaches Biology at secondary school and Ingrid teaches at primary school. At home they try to be as selfsustainable as they can be; from food to energy supply. They grow their own veggies in their garden. Their farm is filled with DIY furniture. Together they have adopted a baby: Maimouna, a girl from Uganda. Since she has been with them, their house shows more and more signs of African influences because they enjoy culture. Both women like to keep things at the essence, and strive for purity in their way of living. This is reflected by their environment and choices of materials. They are idealistic in the sense that they want to improve the world, by starting with themselves. Some would describe the couple as ‘hippies, woolen socks types’, but time did not stand still for them. They are constantly balancing the benefits of new technologies with environmental and essential issues.
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Wealthy Woman Claudia is 31 years old and has been married to Jörgen , who is 46 years old, for 1,5 years. This is Jörgens second marriage. He already has two children from his previous marriage: Kim(12) and Mark(9). Together they have a baby boy named Timothy. They live together in a big house in “het Gooi” in the Netherlands. Jörgen works a lot, he is an entrepreneur. Even if he is at home, he spends a lot of time in his office. Claudia does not have a permanent occupation. She likes to do some freelance modeling and does bars shift at her golf club on a voluntary base. Claudia and Jörgen are very rich and upper-class people. They go to a lot of parties and find status very important. They value a wealthy, luxury lifestyle and usually spend entire Sundays at their golf club. Claudia is very high-maintenance and gets spoiled by Jörgen a lot. She goes shopping with her friends very often and is to be found in a beauty salon on a regular base.
Jörgen and
Claudia are all about having the latest gadgets (to brag about to friends). Claudia likes being a mum, but does not really fancy the dirty diapers and such. This is why the baby has a nursemaid. The nursemaid also babysits the baby and the other two kids a lot. Claudia does often take the baby with her when she sees her friends, since her friends are also in the period of becoming/being a mother.
Middle Class Woman Abigail and Tom are happily married since their 21st when they were expecting their first child. They are both 32 years old and have a five year old son and are expecting twin girls. The youngest boy has a guinea-pig as a pet and loves to play soccer with his friends. The eleven year old has his dad as a role model, likes to build things and loves to look at car magazines. Dad wanted to become an engineer as a child, but didn’t finish his school and now works at a D.I.Y. shop as an executive. Mum finished high school and the first year of university, but stays home with the children since her 21st. This is a loving family who has dinner together every evening and were everybody knows what is going on in each other’s lives. Mum loves to cook extensively for her husband and her children where after dad cleans the table together with the two boys. After dinner dad watches sports and the two sons make homework or play. Mum is doing all kinds of stuff in and around the house. The house is in an older neighbourhood and looks a bit messy. Since two baby girls require different baby attributes than one baby boy , they will need to buy some new stuff. What they are looking for in baby products is high quality and safety for an average price. 42
Appendix X – Persona Booklets
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PERSONA BOOKLETS
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Appendix XI – Concept Evaluation Results Producten evaluatie Eindhoven, 29-11-2010 Inleiding In dit document staan vier producten beschreven, bestemd voor moeders met baby’s. Onder elke beschrijving staan een aantal vragen. We zouden het waarderen als je deze in wilt vullen. Ook andere opmerkingen zijn altijd welkom. Schrijf zo veel je wilt en aarzel niet om ons te emailen als je nog vragen hebt! 2Tub De 2Tub is een badje voor je baby, dat aan de badrand van het grote bad hangt. Zo kun je dus tegelijkertijd met je baby in bad liggen. Je baby wordt uiteraard veilig ondersteund door het badje. Het is mogelijk om de houding van de baby te veranderen, variërend van liggend tot zittend voor oudere baby’s. Om ervoor te zorgen dat je baby het badderen prettig ervaart, laat het badje door middel van lichtindicatie zien of de temperatuur van het water geschikt is voor je baby. Ook zijn er bubbels om van een fijne badervaring te genieten. Door samen te badderen wordt de band tussen jou en de baby versterkt.
Hoe ziet het badritueel van je baby er nu uit? lekker in bad zitten (10 mnd) met of zonder z’n zus. Eerder ging hij mee onder de douche met 1 van ons, de ander nam hem in handdoeken mee en kleedde hem aan.
Neem je zelf wel eens een bad? -ja
Spreekt dit product je aan? Welke aspecten wel of niet? -nee. In bad zonder extra hulpmiddelen gaat prima. Je hebt zelfs meer conctact met je kind. Ik ben van mening dat niet alleen fijn is maar ook goed voor de band tussen moeder/ vader en kind. Ik ben van mening dat er te veel producten op de markt zijn waar ‘jonge/ onervaren’ ouders ‘intrappen’. Veel producten zijn niet nodig naar mening en meer een belasting voor je portemonnee en het milieu
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SnoozAround De SnoozAround creëert een vertrouwde slaapomgeving voor je baby op elke plek; zowel thuis als onderweg als op visite. Je baby went aan dit slaapritueel doordat de SnoozAround elke avond op zijn/haar nachtkastje staat, daar lavendel aroma verspreid (kalmerend, rustgevend), als een nachtlampje licht geeft en zachte slaapliedjes speelt. Het geluidsniveau kan gemakkelijk aangepast worden. De SnoozAround kan echter ook bevestigd worden aan de MaxiCosi, zodat je baby overal makkelijk in slaap kan komen. Dit geeft jou als moeder meer bewegingsvrijheid, en maakt de drempel om je baby mee te nemen, naar bijvoorbeeld visite, minder hoog.
Neem je je baby wel eens mee naar onbekende plekken? Welke bijvoorbeeld? - weinig, alleen opa’s en oma’s
Heeft je baby moeite om in slaap te komen op nieuwe plekken? - mmmmmmmmmmm, ik geloof niet echt Ervaar je dit als hinderlijk, waarom wel of niet? Wanneer bijvoorbeeld? - nvt
Denk je dat jouw baby door dit product makkelijker in slaap zou komen? ik geloof er niet zo in. Als je dit product van het begin af aan gebruikt kan het misschien wel werken. Maar als je je baby aanwent om met een knuffel en bv een slaapzak te slapen is dit ook prima. Tevens ben ik van mening dat het de maatschappij van tegenwoordig is die er voor zorgt dat baby’s inderdaad overal mee naar toe moeten omdat ouders liever hun ‘oude’ leven (= zonder kinderen) aanhouden. Terwijl ik van mening ben dat rust en regelmaat erg goed is voor baby’s en kinderen. (en ook voor ouders trouwens, deze stralen dit weer uit) Spreekt dit product je aan? Welke aspecten wel of niet? - Ik zou het dus niet kopen , zie mijn eerder commentaar
Indicare De indicare is een klein apparaatje dat met je baby meegaat naar de crèche of naar de oppas. Er is op af te lezen wanneer je baby voor het laatst gegeten/gedronken heeft, geslapen heeft en wanneer de luier is verschoond. Deze basale informatie is handig voor de verschillende verzorgers van de baby, omdat zij zo weten wat hen te wachten staat en dit de communicatie vergemakkelijkt. Jij als moeder kan er zeker van zijn dat de verzorgers weten wat je baby nodig heeft. Als oma bijvoorbeeld vergeet wanneer ze het flesje voor het laatst heeft gegeven, kan ze dit simpelweg terugvinden op de IndiCare. 46
Heb je er moeite mee als andere mensen voor je baby zorgen? Waarom wel of niet? Wanneer wel of niet? nee, niet meer. Bij de eerste was dit wel moeilijk. Zowel de 1e dag op het kinderdagverblijf als de oppasdag van schoonmoeder. Maar als je goed communiceerd en de neuzen staan dezelfde kant op blijkt het dat dit prima kan. Als voordeel vind ik nu dat de kinderen minder eenkennig zijn. Hoe is de communicatie op dit moment tussen jou en de andere verzorgers van je baby? - schrijven op bloknoot of schriftje op het kinderdagverblijf
In welk opzicht is er ruimte voor verbetering in de communicatie? - soms vergeet ik wel eens iets te melden maar dat lost zichzelf op. Er zijn vele wegen die naar Roma leiden.
Denk je dat de IndiCare de situatie verbetert voor: Jou als moeder: nee, maar misschien wel voor onzekere, onervaren moeders/ vaders?
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De andere verzorgers van je baby: nee, het lost zich altijd wel op
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Je baby: nee, idem
Spreekt dit product je aan? Welke aspecten wel of niet? nee, ik vind het wederom een product die bij deze tijd past. De baby met computer afgooien en doorvliegen naar je werk. Ik vind het fijn en belangrijk even te kletsen met de leidsters of de oma’s voordat ik weg ga. Ik neem dan ook 15min extra tijd.
TenderTouch De TenderTouch is een hulpstuk om je baby te masseren. Massage stimuleert de bloedsomloop en de spierontwikkeling van je baby. Ook versterkt het de emotionele band tussen moeder en baby door middel van fysiek contact. De TenderTouch is als het ware een sponsje waarin lavendel geurige massage olie warm wordt gemaakt, waarna je de olie verspreidt over je handen door in het sponsje te knijpen. Het sponsje zit vast aan je handpalm. Hierdoor heb je nog steeds fysiek contact met je baby via je vingers. De TenderTouch verrijkt de belevenis van de massage.
Masseer je jouw baby wel eens? Waarom wel of niet? - soms, is leuk wanneer hij uit bad komt
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Zo ja, wat voor producten gebruik je hierbij? - olie van weleda
Spreekt dit product je aan? Welke aspecten wel of niet? - nee, zie de antwoorden op bovenstaande vragen.
Hartelijk bedankt voor het invullen! Groetjes, Philémonne Jaasma Lotte Oude Weernink Susanne Schouten Lisa van der Voort
Succes met alles, Groetjes Anne
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Producten evaluatie Eindhoven, 29-11-2010 Inleiding In dit document staan vier producten beschreven, bestemd voor moeders met baby’s. Onder elke beschrijving staan een aantal vragen. We zouden het waarderen als je deze in wilt vullen. Ook andere opmerkingen zijn altijd welkom. Schrijf zo veel je wilt en aarzel niet om ons te emailen als je nog vragen hebt! 2Tub De 2Tub is een badje voor je baby, dat aan de badrand van het grote bad hangt. Zo kun je dus tegelijkertijd met je baby in bad liggen. Je baby wordt uiteraard veilig ondersteund door het badje. Het is mogelijk om de houding van de baby te veranderen, variërend van liggend tot zittend voor oudere baby’s. Om ervoor te zorgen dat je baby het badderen prettig ervaart, laat het badje door middel van lichtindicatie zien of de temperatuur van het water geschikt is voor je baby. Ook zijn er bubbels om van een fijne badervaring te genieten. Door samen te badderen wordt de band tussen jou en de baby versterkt.
Hoe ziet het badritueel van je baby er nu uit? - We gaan eigenlijk altijd samen in bad. Kai is nu anderhalf dus groot genoeg om echt lekker mee te spelen in bad. We spelen dan met schuim, lezen badboekjes en spelen met badspeeltjes. Voor Kai zou dit product dus niet meer zo handig zijn; hij is er al te groot voor.
Neem je zelf wel eens een bad? - Ja
Spreekt dit product je aan? Welke aspecten wel of niet? - Ja; lijkt me leuk voor pasgeboren baby’s, waarbij het óók nog ontspannend is voor de moeder (of vader natuurlijk). Je kunt natuurlijk ook je baby gewoon meenemen in het grote bad, maar dan heb je zelf niks aan het bad. Nu kun je ook zelf je haar wassen enzo. Het is dus gemakkelijker in de praktijk én ontspannender voor de ouder die mee baddert. Een nadeel vind ik dat je minder lichamelijk contact hebt dan wanneer je je baby in bad zou vasthouden.
SnoozAround De SnoozAround creëert een vertrouwde slaapomgeving voor je baby op elke plek; zowel thuis als onderweg als op visite. Je baby went aan dit slaapritueel doordat de SnoozAround elke avond op zijn/haar nachtkastje staat, daar lavendel aroma verspreid (kalmerend, rustgevend),
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als een nachtlampje licht geeft en zachte slaapliedjes speelt. Het geluidsniveau kan gemakkelijk aangepast worden. De SnoozAround kan echter ook bevestigd worden aan de MaxiCosi, zodat je baby overal makkelijk in slaap kan komen. Dit geeft jou als moeder meer bewegingsvrijheid, en maakt de drempel om je baby mee te nemen, naar bijvoorbeeld visite, minder hoog.
Neem je je baby wel eens mee naar onbekende plekken? Welke bijvoorbeeld? - Ja; naar vrienden als we daar gaan eten, mee op vakantie (in de tent of een huisje of zelfs hotel)
Heeft je baby moeite om in slaap te komen op nieuwe plekken? - Soms. Het ligt eraan in hoeverre hij zijn vertrouwde ritueeltje (verhaaltje voorlezen, slaapzakje aan, beer erbij, muziekje erbij, speentje in zijn mond) kan volgen. Als we dit ritueeltje volgen, slaapt hij meestal goed, ook bij onbekenden.
Ervaar je dit als hinderlijk, waarom wel of niet? Wanneer bijvoorbeeld? - Ja. Als hij niet wil slapen kun je je toch een stuk minder concentreren op waar je voor komt. Zo waren wij een keer bij vrienden eten en wilden we Kai rond 19u op bed leggen. Normaal zou je dan nog wel een paar uur ongestoord kunnen kletsen, maar omdat hij niet sliep moesten we hem ‘bezig houden’ (want hij was natuurlijk wel moe) en moesten we ook nog eens vroeger naar huis.
Denk je dat jouw baby door dit product makkelijker in slaap zou komen? - Ja, als je hem hier vanaf het begin aan went. Nu bij Kai (die is nu anderhalf) is dit niet meer zo belangrijk; die heeft zijn eigen ritueeltje al. Een jongere baby zou dit zeker kunnen helpen. Spreekt dit product je aan? Welke aspecten wel of niet? - Ja, ik vind het een slim product. Het enige nadeel dat ik erin zie, is dat je baby er verslaafd aan gaat raken. Dus hij/zij kan dan niet meer slapen zonder dit product. Als je het dan een keer vergeet, zijn de rapen gaar. Als wij nu een keer zijn beer vergeten, slaapt hij ook wel met een andere knuffel. Dus ofwel je mag dit product echt NOOIT vergeten, ofwel je moet er meerdere kopen en deze bijvoorbeeld ook op het kinderdagverblijf en bij opa en oma neerleggen. De situatie met dit product is ook erg lastig na te bootsen zonder het product. Dus een ander speentje, een andere knuffel of ander muziekje zijn vaak gemakkelijker te regelen dan een ‘surrogaat’ van dit apparaat, als je het eens niet bij je hebt. Maar ik weet zeker dat er veel mensen zijn die minder gehaast (en dus vergeetachtig) door het leven gaan en van wie de kinderen slecht slapen, dus voor wie dit een ideaal product zou zijn.
Indicare De indicare is een klein apparaatje dat met je baby meegaat naar de crèche of naar de oppas. Er is op af te lezen wanneer je baby voor het laatst gegeten/gedronken heeft, geslapen heeft en wanneer de luier is verschoond. Deze basale informatie is handig voor de verschillende 50
verzorgers van de baby, omdat zij zo weten wat hen te wachten staat en dit de communicatie vergemakkelijkt. Jij als moeder kan er zeker van zijn dat de verzorgers weten wat je baby nodig heeft. Als oma bijvoorbeeld vergeet wanneer ze het flesje voor het laatst heeft gegeven, kan ze dit simpelweg terugvinden op de IndiCare.
Heb je er moeite mee als andere mensen voor je baby zorgen? Waarom wel of niet? Wanneer wel of niet? - Soms. Niet omdat ik vind dat andere mensen niet goed voor hem zorgen, maar omdat ik hem zelf dan mis. Dus dit heeft niets te maken met wíe er voor hem zorgt, maar alles met hoe ík me voel op het moment dat ik hem wegbreng.
Hoe is de communicatie op dit moment tussen jou en de andere verzorgers van je baby? - Prima. Maar Kai is inmiddels anderhalf, dus zijn ritme is vrijwel iedere dag hetzelfde. Het is dus minder belangrijk dan bij een echt kleine baby wanneer hij bijvoorbeeld gegeten heeft – dat is eigenlijk iedere dag hetzelfde. Desalniettemin is het wel fijn te weten hoe vaak hij gepoept heeft, en of hij een beetje geslapen heeft.
In welk opzicht is er ruimte voor verbetering in de communicatie? - Met name bij het kinderdagverblijf vergeten we soms te vragen of hij gepoept heeft en hoe laat hij uit bed gekomen is. Maar omdat hij al zo groot is, geeft hij dit zelf wel aan. (Wanneer hij moe is, en die poep, dat zien we vanzelf ;-))
Denk je dat de IndiCare de situatie verbetert voor: Jou als moeder: ja, je hebt meer zekerheid over de keuzes die je maakt voor je kind, ook als je een keer vergeet te overleggen met kinderdagverblijf of oma.
-
De andere verzorgers van je baby: soms. Wordt het alleen voor een kinderdagverblijf of oppasoma niet veel werk om iedere keer dat ding bij te werken?
-
Je baby:ja, je kunt beter inspelen op zijn behoeften
Spreekt dit product je aan? Welke aspecten wel of niet? - Ja. Wordt het alleen voor een kinderdagverblijf of oppasoma niet veel werk om iedere keer dat ding bij te werken? Het moet niet zo zijn dat dit afleidt van de zorg voor de baby (met name dus op kinderdagverblijven), dan schiet het zijn doel voorbij. Daarnaast is het ook prettig
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om persoonlijk contact te hebben met de mensen die de hele dag voor je kind zorgen. Het delen van dit soort praktische zaken is een prima aanleiding voor ook wat meer gespreksstof.
TenderTouch De TenderTouch is een hulpstuk om je baby te masseren. Massage stimuleert de bloedsomloop en de spierontwikkeling van je baby. Ook versterkt het de emotionele band tussen moeder en baby door middel van fysiek contact. De TenderTouch is als het ware een sponsje waarin lavendel geurige massage olie warm wordt gemaakt, waarna je de olie verspreidt over je handen door in het sponsje te knijpen. Het sponsje zit vast aan je handpalm. Hierdoor heb je nog steeds fysiek contact met je baby via je vingers. De TenderTouch verrijkt de belevenis van de massage.
Masseer je jouw baby wel eens? Waarom wel of niet? -Nee, het is er eigenlijk nooit van gekomen. Wist niet goed waar ik moest beginnen (waarschijnlijk bij een cursus ;)) en durfde het niet zo goed ‘op eigen houtje’ te doen. Misschien dadelijk bij de tweede, want het lijkt me wel heel fijn voor zowel mij als de baby.
Zo ja, wat voor producten gebruik je hierbij? -nvt
Spreekt dit product je aan? Welke aspecten wel of niet? -Ja; het lijkt me voor beiden heerlijk, die lavendelgeur tijdens het masseren. Als het moeilijker is om je baby te masseren mét dan zonder het sponsje, dan zou dat een nadeel kunnen zijn. Anders zie ik alleen voordelen!
Hartelijk bedankt voor het invullen! Groetjes, Philémonne Jaasma Lotte Oude Weernink Susanne Schouten Lisa van der Voort
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Producten evaluatie Eindhoven, 29-11-2010 Inleiding In dit document staan vier producten beschreven, bestemd voor moeders met baby’s. Onder elke beschrijving staan een aantal vragen. We zouden het waarderen als je deze in wilt vullen. Ook andere opmerkingen zijn altijd welkom. Schrijf zo veel je wilt en aarzel niet om ons te emailen als je nog vragen hebt! 2Tub De 2Tub is een badje voor je baby, dat aan de badrand van het grote bad hangt. Zo kun je dus tegelijkertijd met je baby in bad liggen. Je baby wordt uiteraard veilig ondersteund door het badje. Het is mogelijk om de houding van de baby te veranderen, variërend van liggend tot zittend voor oudere baby’s. Om ervoor te zorgen dat je baby het badderen prettig ervaart, laat het badje door middel van lichtindicatie zien of de temperatuur van het water geschikt is voor je baby. Ook zijn er bubbels om van een fijne badervaring te genieten. Door samen te badderen wordt de band tussen jou en de baby versterkt.
Hoe ziet het badritueel van je baby er nu uit? -samen met zijn grote broer in bad, dat is pas leuk. Toen hij kleiner was (is nu al ruim 1 ½) vonden we het heerlijk om samen met hem in bad te zitten of samen onder de douche te staan
Neem je zelf wel eens een bad? - Ja regelmatig, lekker lang badderen. Maar ook vaak samen met de kinderen.
Spreekt dit product je aan? Welke aspecten wel of niet? Nee, niet echt. Ik zou het in ieder geval niet kopen. Ik vind het veel fijner om echt samen met je kindje in bad te liggen en niet ieder apart in een bad(je) Daarbij komt dat wanneer je zelf mee in het water ligt, je ook meteen voelt of het water te warm is en heb je geen licht indicatie nodig. SnoozAround De SnoozAround creëert een vertrouwde slaapomgeving voor je baby op elke plek; zowel thuis als onderweg als op visite. Je baby went aan dit slaapritueel doordat de SnoozAround elke avond op zijn/haar nachtkastje staat, daar lavendel aroma verspreid (kalmerend, rustgevend), als een nachtlampje licht geeft en zachte slaapliedjes speelt. Het geluidsniveau kan gemakkelijk aangepast worden. De SnoozAround kan echter ook bevestigd worden aan de MaxiCosi, zodat je baby overal makkelijk in slaap kan komen. Dit geeft jou als moeder meer bewegingsvrijheid, en maakt de drempel om je baby mee te nemen, naar bijvoorbeeld visite, minder hoog.
Neem je je baby wel eens mee naar onbekende plekken? Welke bijvoorbeeld?
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-ik zal dit invullen van toen onze jongste nog echt een baby was: De baby ging overal mee naar toe. Ook bij onze oudste hebben we dat zo gedaan. Natuurlijk slepen we de kinderen niet OVERAL mee naar toe maar als wij ergens naar toe gaan, gaan ze vaak gewoon mee. Zoals uiteten in een restaurant, ook toen ze heel klein waren. Heeft je baby moeite om in slaap te komen op nieuwe plekken? -Onze jongste had heel veel moeite om (thuis) in slaap te komen, laat staan ergens anders, dan sliep hij gewoon helemaal niet. Dat heeft geduurd totdat hij 11 maanden was. Hij viel moeilijk in slaap ’s avonds maar werd ook gemiddeld zo’n 7 keer wakker per nacht. Bij anderen (oma en opa of kinderdagverblijf) sliep hij nog veel slechter.
Ervaar je dit als hinderlijk, waarom wel of niet? Wanneer bijvoorbeeld? -Het is altijd hinderlijk als je kind niet wil slapen, voor jou als ouder omdat het errrrrrrug veel energie kost en je overdag toch weer de vrolijke ouder wilt zijn, maar zeker voor het kindje zelf. Die wil ook gewoon slapen en doet het niet om jouw te pesten. Hij of zij wordt er overdag ook niet vrolijker van als hij slecht slaapt. En het doet je altijd verdriet als je, na een dagje kinderdagverblijf je kindje op gaat halen en een oververmoeid kindje mee naar huis krijgt omdat hij het vertikte om te slapen.
Denk je dat jouw baby door dit product makkelijker in slaap zou komen? - Misschien maar ik zou het niet gaan gebruiken (zelfs na 11 maanden slaaptekort niet) Spreekt dit product je aan? Welke aspecten wel of niet? -Ik ben te “simpel” voor zo’n product. Ik vind dat kinderen uit zichzelf in slaap moeten kunnen vallen en niet met allerlei hulp truckjes. Vooral geur is dan erg uitgesproken, en tot hoelang ga je dat dan gebruiken (tot zijn 18e?) Natuurlijk krijgen ze bij ons ook een knuffeltje mee in bed maar wel elke nacht een andere (anders is het niet eerlijk voor de andere knuffels)maar een hulpmiddel waar je kind van afhankelijk wordt om in slaap te kunnen komen zoals een geurtje of muziek, daar wil ik het liefst niet aan beginnen.
Indicare De indicare is een klein apparaatje dat met je baby meegaat naar de crèche of naar de oppas. Er is op af te lezen wanneer je baby voor het laatst gegeten/gedronken heeft, geslapen heeft en wanneer de luier is verschoond. Deze basale informatie is handig voor de verschillende verzorgers van de baby, omdat zij zo weten wat hen te wachten staat en dit de communicatie vergemakkelijkt. Jij als moeder kan er zeker van zijn dat de verzorgers weten wat je baby nodig heeft. Als oma bijvoorbeeld vergeet wanneer ze het flesje voor het laatst heeft gegeven, kan ze dit simpelweg terugvinden op de IndiCare.
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Heb je er moeite mee als andere mensen voor je baby zorgen? Waarom wel of niet? Wanneer wel of niet? -Bij onze oudste had ik daar heel veel moeite mee. Hoewel ik nog steeds van mening ben dat mijn man en ik het beste voor onze kids kunnen zorgen, vind ik het nu wel iets makkelijker om de zorg aan anderen over te laten. Dat is niet omdat ik vind dat anderen het niet zouden kunnen maar ik vind dat kinderen bij hun ouders gewoon het beste af zijn.
Hoe is de communicatie op dit moment tussen jou en de andere verzorgers van je baby? - gewoon lekker mondeling en in het begin toen alle voedingen en zo erg op uur en tijd moesten, een schriftje erbij.
In welk opzicht is er ruimte voor verbetering in de communicatie? - Er zou altijd ruimte moeten zijn voor verbetering, toch? Maar ik vind de manier waarop we het altijd gedaan hebben, prima
Denk je dat de IndiCare de situatie verbetert voor: Jou als moeder: nee dat denk ik niet, ik wil er ook graag bij vertellen hoe hij geslapen heeft of dat er net een tandje doorkomt of dat hij de hele nacht heeft overgegeven of zoiets…..en dat zal wel niet kunnen met dit apparaatje?!
-
De andere verzorgers van je baby: Nee, een schriftje met diezelfde info én nog alle andere info die ik hierboven beschreef, vind ik net zo makkelijk (lees: makkelijker) Daarbij: verzorgen doe je op gevoel en niet volgens een apparaatje / schriftje.
-
Je baby: Nee, als een baby honger heeft, laat hij zich wel horen en wacht niet op een apparaatje.
Spreekt dit product je aan? Welke aspecten wel of niet? -Sorry, nee. Ik ben misschien te lang van stof. Ik wil graag meer info kwijt kunnen dan alleen de basics. Een kind verzorgen houdt ook meer in dan voeden en luiers verschonen! TenderTouch De TenderTouch is een hulpstuk om je baby te masseren. Massage stimuleert de bloedsomloop en de spierontwikkeling van je baby. Ook versterkt het de emotionele band tussen moeder en baby door middel van fysiek contact. De TenderTouch is als het ware een sponsje waarin lavendel geurige massage olie warm wordt gemaakt, waarna je de olie verspreidt over je handen door in het sponsje te knijpen. Het sponsje zit vast aan je handpalm. Hierdoor heb je nog steeds fysiek contact met je baby via je vingers. De TenderTouch verrijkt de belevenis van de massage.
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Masseer je jouw baby wel eens? Waarom wel of niet? - Nee nooit gedaan (alleen om hem in te smeren met olie als zijn huidje ruw / schraal was) Het spreekt me gewoon niet zo aan
Zo ja, wat voor producten gebruik je hierbij? --------------------
Spreekt dit product je aan? Welke aspecten wel of niet? -Nee niet echt. Ik ben niet zo van de massage bij een baby. Ik ga liever lekker met hem in bad of heerlijk lang onder de douche staan of lekker samen liggen in het grote bed van mama en papa, heerlijk. Maar masseren? Nee.
Hartelijk bedankt voor het invullen! Groetjes, Philémonne Jaasma Lotte Oude Weernink Susanne Schouten Lisa van der Voort Ik ben niet echt van “jullie” producten, sorry! Ik ben een praktisch iemand en helemáál niet van allerlei apparaatjes. Bijvoorbeeld bij het slapen heb ik liever een ritueeltje dat altijd en overal kan, zonder apparaat. Zoals een boekje lezen, knuffeltje uitzoeken, zwaaien naar de mensen en auto’s op straat en naar de maan en de sterren, samen de gordijnen dichtdoen en dan in je bed. Dat kan altijd en je bent niet afhankelijk van een apparaat (wat kapot kan gaan of zonder batterijen kan komen staan met als gevolg dat je kind die nacht niet in slaap kan komen) Heel veel succes in ieder geval met jullie verwerking van alle antwoorden. Groetjes Wendy
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Appendix XII – Moodboards Personas
Figure 8.1
Figure 8.2
Moodboard for the career woman
Moodboard for the eco-woman
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Figure 8.3
Moodboard for the wealthy woman
58 Figure 8.4
Moodboard for the middle-class woman
Appendix XIII – Examples of masculine products in orange and black
Figure 9.2
Figure 9.1
Figure 9.4
Figure 9.3
59 Figure 9.5
Figure 9.6
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Appendix XIV – Usertest on Form – Handout & Results Form Evaluation 12-11-’10 Gender: Age: 1
2
DuuXperience
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Masculine Feminine Childish Mature Modern Old-fashioned Soft Hard Cold Warm Refined Rough Light Heavy Dynamic Static Angular Fluent Mild Aggressive Sophisticated Unsophisticated Flowing Tight Elegant Robust Reliable Unreliable Luxurious Casual Attractive Unattractive
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62
Table 6
Table 7
63
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Appendix XV – Technology: Circuits TenderTouch The technology of the TenderTouch should be able to warm up baby massaging oil to a temperature of max. 37 oC, and keep it at that temperature until the device is turned off. For the prototype, a small cup was chosen in which 40 g of babymassage oil is poured. The heating process should not last longer than 4 minutes; 240 seconds. Below some calculations were made in order for this to succeed. For safety reasons, the amperage is set to 0,7 in the actual circuit. Warmth capacity of 40 g paraffine-oil (similar to baby-massage-oil) = 85,2 J/K-1 ΔTemperature = 37-20 = 17 oC Q = ΔT • C = 17 • 85,2 = 1448 Joule C = P • t 1448 = P • 240 seconds, P = 7,4 W P = U • I 7,4 = 9 • I I = 0,8 A The following circuit was designed:
Figure 10
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The NTC has a temperature a value of 6327 Ω. If this value drops, it means the temperature is getting higher, so that is where the heating should stop. By choosing a resistor of 3,6 kΩ, V out between the NTC and that resistance will be approximately 4,5 V. The voltage divider, the two resistors of 5 kΩ, is also 4,5 Volt. The lower the temperature, the higher the voltage at the nod between the NTC and 3,6 kΩ. This means that when the voltage there is higher than 4,5 V, the circuit should be put on. When the opamp signals a positive signal higher than 4,5 V, it will switch on. The transistor (BD679) is put in saturation by using the following calculation:
Ibsaturation =
=
Vbe = 0,6 V
2,3 . 10-4 A = 0,2mA
Rb = 900 Ω
The transistor is put into hysteresis with the 100 kΩ resistor, so that it will not constantly switch on and switch off. At a too low temperature, the transistor sends a positive signal to the heating element. As soon as the Voltage coming into the positive node of the opamp is below 4,5, this signal stops. The circuit was built with a BD679 NPN transistor, a 10kΩ potmeter, an LM374 opamp, an NTC and a constantane wire as heating element, see figure 12. The measurement pointed out that it all worked, it stopped exactly at 35 oC and it was successfully implemented in the project.
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Figure 11
SnoozAround
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2Tub
RGB LEDs:
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Heartbeat
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Appendix VI – Technology: Programming IndiCare (ActionScript 2.0) This programming was made together with the help of Thomas van der Ploeg, student-expert on Flash applications. The format is ActionScript 2.0. import hevac.visual.Tween; import mx.utils.Delegate; var hitcount:Number; var drop:MovieClip; var inv:Number; var time:Number; Stage.scaleMode = "exactFit"; Tween.to(bottle.bg, '_x', -25, 0); Tween.to(sleep.bg, '_x', -25, 0); Tween.to(water.bg, '_x', -25, 0); ha1.color ha2.color ha3.color ha4.color ha5.color ha6.color ha7.color ha8.color
= = = = = = = =
0xE2E800; 0x9BD91A; 0x80F81D; 0x40D789; 0x1EAB99; 0x016799; 0x008EB0; 0x00BCC5;
ha1.col ha2.col ha3.col ha4.col ha5.col ha6.col ha7.col ha8.col
= = = = = = = =
new new new new new new new new
Color(ha1); Color(ha2); Color(ha3); Color(ha4); Color(ha5); Color(ha6); Color(ha7); Color(ha8);
water.txtcolor = new Color(water.lbl); sleep.txtcolor = new Color(sleep.lbl); bottle.txtcolor = new Color(bottle.lbl);
//bottle.startDrag(true, 0,0, 320, 480); 70
bottle.onPress bottle.onRelease sleep.onPress sleep.onRelease water.onPress water.onRelease
= = = = = =
pressHandler; bottle.onReleaseOutside = releaseHandler; pressHandler; sleep.onReleaseOutside = releaseHandler; pressHandler; water.onReleaseOutside = releaseHandler;
function pressHandler(){ startDrag(this, true, 0,0, 320, 480); drop time hitcount inv
= = = =
null; null; 0; setInterval(Delegate.create(this,moveHandler), 250);
} function moveHandler(){ if(drop){ this.color.setRGB(drop.color); drop.col.setRGB(drop.color); if(hitcount < 2){ if(drop.hitTest(_root._xmouse, _root._ymouse, true)){ hitcount++; }else{ drop = null; hitcount = 0; } }else{ this._x = drop._x; this._y = drop._y; stopDrag(); Tween.to(this.bg, '_x', -175, 5); this.lbl.gotoAndStop(1); this.lbl._visible = true; Tween.to(this.lbl, '_alpha', 100, 5); //var c:Number = (Number(drop._name.substr(2,1)) < 3) ? 0x000000 : 0xffffff; //this.txtcolor.setRGB(c); if(!time) time = getTimer(); if(getTimer() - time > 1000){
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this.lbl.gotoAndStop(1); } if(getTimer() - time > 2000){ this.lbl.gotoAndStop(2); } if(getTimer() - time > 3000){ this.lbl.gotoAndStop(3); } } }else{ for(var i:String in this._parent){ if(i.substr(0,2) == 'ha') if(this._parent[i].hitTest(_xmouse, _ymouse) == true){ drop = this._parent[i]; hitcount = 0; } } } } function releaseHandler(){ stopDrag(); clearInterval(inv); //this._x = this.startx; //this._y = this.starty; Tween.to(this, '_x', this.startx, 10); Tween.to(this, '_y', this.starty, 10); //Tween.to(this.lbl, '_alpha', 0, 5, 15000); //Tween.to(this.bg, '_x', -25, 25, 15000); }
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The 2 Tub (arduino) Arduino 1 int int int int int int int int
ntcPin = 5; sensorValue = 0; ledsr = 3; ledsg = 5; ledsb = 6; led12b = 9; led3g = 10; led3b = 11;
void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(ledsr, OUTPUT); pinMode(ledsg, OUTPUT); pinMode(ledsb, OUTPUT); pinMode(led12b, OUTPUT); pinMode(led3b, OUTPUT); pinMode(led3g, OUTPUT); } void loop() { analogWrite(led12b, 0); analogWrite(led3b, 50); analogWrite(led3g, 130); sensorValue = analogRead(ntcPin); Serial.println(sensorValue); delay(500); if (sensorValue >= 595){ analogWrite(ledsr, 155); analogWrite(ledsg, 125); analogWrite(ledsb, 0); } if (sensorValue >= 541 && sensorValue <= 594){ analogWrite(ledsr, 0); analogWrite(ledsg, 255); analogWrite(ledsb, 0); }
if ( sensorValue <= 540){ analogWrite(ledsr, 0); analogWrite(ledsg, 0);
// te heet
//goed
//te koud
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analogWrite(ledsb, 255); } }
Arduino 2 int int int int int
led4g led4b led5g led5b led6g
= = = = =
3; 5; 6; 9; 10;
void setup(){ Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(led4g, OUTPUT); pinMode(led4b, OUTPUT); pinMode(led5g, OUTPUT); pinMode(led5b, OUTPUT); pinMode(led6g, OUTPUT); } void loop(){ analogWrite(led4g, analogWrite(led4b, analogWrite(led5g, analogWrite(led5b, analogWrite(led6g, }
80); 80); 30); 180); 0);
Arduino 3 int int int int int int
led7r led7g led8r led8g led9r led9g
= = = = = =
3; 5; 6; 9; 10; 11;
void setup(){ Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(led7r, OUTPUT); pinMode(led7g, OUTPUT); 74
pinMode(led8r, pinMode(led8g, pinMode(led9r, pinMode(led9g,
OUTPUT); OUTPUT); OUTPUT); OUTPUT);
} void loop(){ analogWrite(led7r, analogWrite(led7g, analogWrite(led8r, analogWrite(led8g, analogWrite(led9r, analogWrite(led9g, }
220); 0); 180); 40); 130); 70);
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