2. A: The are where you live, your town and the immediate surroundings 1. Where do yon come from? 2. What is the region like? 3. What is your town/area famous tor? 4. Is it mainly an industrial or an agricultural area? 5. What are the old parts of your town like? 6. Are there any buildings of historic or architectural interest in your area? 7. Should old buildings of historic interest be preserved or pulled down? 8. Is it a privilege to live in a town or in the capital? Why (not)? 9. Is your living place far from the capital? 10. How many inhabitants are there in your town? 11. What are the differences between life in the country and life in the city? 12. Where would you prefer to live: in a town or in the country? 13; Which do you think is better for your physical and mental well-being? 14. What are some of the problems big industrial cities (Budapest) have? 15. Why are there so many homeless people on the streets? 16. What are big housing estates like? 17. In what ways are newly built districts different? 18. Would you rather live in a big housing estate or in the green belt? Why? 19. Do you like the town where you live? 20. Where do you live; in, near or far from the centre? 21. What amenities are there in your surroundings? 22. Do you have to go far for your shopping? 23. What is the block that you live in like? 24. Is there a lift / fire escape? 25. Who are the other residents /tenants? 26. Are you happy to live there? MODEL ANSWERS 2/A 1. a. I come from a rather large town in the south-east of Hungary. 1. b I come from a nice medium-sized town in the Centre of the Transdanubian region 2. a. The ground is mainly flat there. If you go outside the town and look around you can see the land stretching away into the distance. It is an impressive but monotonous landscape. It has quite rich flora but it is not particularly spectacular. There is now a tarmacked highway that runs north-south across the country. 2. b. It is an area of low hills and nice green valleys. Oak forests occupy the slopes of the hills which are the natural habitats of lots of different species of animals. There are waterfalls and cool brooks running down from the mountains. It is a charming landscape but unfortunately it has lost some of its beauty since tourists began to visit the area. 3. a The area is tà mous for its food-processing industry and good cuisine. There are some folk customs and traditions that have been preserved and even the young put on national folk costumes on holidays. The area is also famous for embroidered table-cloths and cushions. 3.b Our area is basically a paradise for tourists, it has also played a crucial part during the stormy years of our country's history. Lake Balaton, which has a charm of its own, attracts a lot of visitors from year to year. North of the lake, on the slopes of the Badacsony hills are the special vineyards which produce Grey Friar, the famous wine. Around the lake new hotels have been built, motels have been opened in the most attractive spots, wellequipped camping sites have been established. The lake is flanked by an almost continuous line of holiday resorts with beaches, sports centres, boat houses, week-end cottages and private summer villas. 4.a It is an agricultural area, where nearly half the population works on the land growing crops and raising animals. Farmers use machines and advanced methods to produce the largest possible amount of food. They grow wheal, maize, barley and oats as well as root crops like sugar beet carrots and turnips. Others raise livestock, mainly pigs and cattle. 4.b It is an industrial area, in fact one of the largest unbroken industrial areas in Hungary. It is an important centre of the smelting industry for which much of the iron ore is supplied by thé nearby mines. There is also a
2. A: The are where you live, your town and the immediate surroundings power plant in the neighbourhood, which uses local lignite. The main product of the chemical works is fertilisers. 5-6 My town is an old historic town, which consequently has a lot of monuments. It was in Veszprém that the first Hungarian bishopric was founded. The castle area became a palace for the queen, who was always crowned by the bishop of Veszprém. Most of the present landscape of the area was developed during the reconstructions of the baroque period. There are lots of buildings of both historical and architectural interest here, for instance the Fire Tower, the Heroes Gate, the Bishop's Palace, the Cathedral of St. Michael and Gizella's Chapel, 7 1 think these old buildings of historic interest must be preserved and they should be incorporated into the new surroundings. It is-being done really successfully in most of our towns. 1 know this method involves digging extensive foundations underneath the houses, reinforcing the walls and the meticulous process of replacing the old pipelines and wiring, but it is worth the trouble. They look more attractive than those high-rise blocks built in the place of demolished houses in the sixties and seventies, 8-13 a I consider myself to be privileged because I live in a town. The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me as I was born and bred in the city. My home town is about 100 kilometres from the capital and it has a population of about 80,000 people. Most of my friends live here and 1 don't have to travel miles to see them, Life is never dull in a town, the latest exhibitions, Alms and plays are within walking distance or only a short bus ride away. There are more civilized conditions in a town; streets are better kept and shops are better supplied. Shopping can even be a pleasure because there is a much wider choice of everything and you can afford not to make do with second best. City life is also better for the children because there is a variety of schools they can choose from and they don't need to commute. Neither do adults need to commute to work because these places of work are usually within easy reach. It is, in fact, another advantage that people have more chance of employment and thus more chance of success. Even if I lived in the country, I would prefer to move to a town because town life is so much more exciting. Towns are constantly changing places and they can provide you with the best that life can offer. I think city life is just idea for my physical and mental well-being. And if I want to find my privacy, the city is the best place tor that too. I can be entirely alone among the thousands or I can hide myself away in my home if I like. 8-13. b. I live ill the country and I don't think it is a privilege to live in a town, I wouldn't move to one for all the tea in China. The place where 1 live is a long way off from the capital, it is a remote, out-of-the-way village whose population is about 500, The people here are very friendly and are close to nature. 1 appreciate the gentle pace of living and the clean atmosphere. In the town people lose touch with nature, they rush to work in the morning and come home dead tired in the evening, I admit there are more shops in a town but we are on very friendly terms with the shopkeepers and they always sell us fresh food and meat. We grow our vegetables ourselves and gardening is another relaxing form of entertainment. The nearest town is about 40 kilometres away and if we need some other kinds of entertainment we can easily reach it by car. In fact some of my friends work there and are very unhappy about having to commute. Of course there are disadvantages of village life too. Services are less efficient and we have only got one school and one general practitioner. Our streets are not all tarmacked and on a rainy day one can easily get stuck in the mud. At the same time the people here are much healthier than town people. If I were offered a flat in a town I would refuse to move there. Nothing can be compared with the sight of green trees and pastures, the sound of twittering birds and the silent nights when the cock crow is the first sound that disturbs serenity. All this can work wonders, for people's mental and physical well-being, while in a town there is crowd, noise and pollution, 14-15. Budapest suffers from industrial decline, unemployment, poverty and housing and social stress, In general the larger a city is, the higher the degree of air pollution there is. Even rivers are dirtier in a city than in the country. Public transportation is usually inadequate, buses are crowded and people resort to using their own cars. This, however, leads to another problem: there are constant traffic jams when the cars wait for a longer time than they move forward and their drivers suffer from the noxious fumes. In big cities skyscrapers and high-rise blocks are built right next to each other without leaving space for greenery, Homelessness is another problem that towns like Budapest have to face. Homeless people occupy many of the waiting rooms at railway stations but you can bump into them-in underpasses and doorways. There are squatters who arbitrarily occupy vacant flats or the former barracks of the Russian Army. They live under the continuous threat of eviction. Some have become homeless through divorce others have failed to keep up mortgage payments and there are perhaps even more who have come as refugees from some of the neighbouring countries. Another problem of Budapest is the lack of adequate police protection. Unfortunately there are muggers, prowlers and vandals who can take out their aggression on innocent people without being punished.
2. A: The are where you live, your town and the immediate surroundings 16-17 Big housing estates are usually situated around industrial centres on the edges of towns. Most families there live in overcrowded and unsatisfactory conditions. There are huge blocks of flats which are faceless and all identical. The flats inside these blocks are usually too small for the families that live in them. There is a tendency, however, for the flats that have been built recently to be designed with more colour and individuality. The huge, faceless blocks of flats are changing into something a little more welcoming. 18. Although in a big residential area almost each block of flats contains shops and other facilities I would still like lo live in the green belt because it is much quieter. In the green belt there are mainly detached houses such as bungalows which are more personal and intimate places than high-rise blocks. It is also leafier and the trees outside the houses provide you with the fresh air you lack so much in the centre or in big housing estates. 19. I love my town because I think it is the best located town in Hungary. It lies at a distance of 10 km from Lake Balaton and it is not too far from Budapest either. If you feel like climbing hills, picking mushrooms or walking in nice forests you can go for a trip in the Bakony Hills and enjoy the wonderful countryside. I like this town not only for its splendid location but also for its beauty. It has a specific atmosphere; the ancient city is rich in historical monuments. The narrow, winding, stone-paved streets of the town make an unforgettable impression on the visitor. 20-22. a. I live on the outskirts of the town on a housing estate. It is quite a long way off from the town centre but it is near a bus route. Next to our block there is a kindergarten and two well-tended playgrounds for children and a sports ground for ice skating in winter and football in summer. Shopping facilities, including a supermarket, a post office, a chemist's and other amenities are near at hand and there is a cinema too. Coming down the main street you can see playing fields and beyond them a big park. The primary school my children go to is right next to the park and the school has a small swimming pool open to the public every afternoon. They are building some lovely houses on the town boundary and are planning to set up a recreation centre there with sports grounds, a swimming pool and swings and slides for children. 20-22. b I live in the town centre where you can find all the facilities you could want - good shopping, excellent restaurants, a live theatre, an art gallery, a cinema, a night club and even some sporting events. It is very handy for the shops and the administrative centre of the town. The only snag is that it is very noisy especially on weekday afternoons when there is a never-ending stream of cars on the road in front of our building. 23-24. Our block is a ten-storey building and it has got four staircases. There are fire escapes at both ends and there is a lift in each staircase. The lifts are quite often out of order, which makes it difficult for the people living on the upper floors to get up and down. The combination locks on the doors enable the residents to feel secure during the night when all the doors are locked and you can only get in if you know the combination. 25-26. The residents or tenants are a cross-section of city population, with families of factory workers, engineers, students, doctors, journalists, teachers and workers in the arts, and a fair sprinkling of pensioners. However, there is a tendency among the people who are quite well off to move either to the country or to the leafy suburbs of the city. The block is serviced by a caretaker and also there is the so called house committee, which is a voluntary body of flat dwellers, who handle residents' complaints and give a helping hand to those who need it. I quite enjoy living there but 1 would rather live in a house where you could have more privacy and would not overhear what is happening or what is being cooked in the flat next to yours.
Questions 1-2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
medium-sized Transdanubia flat ground to stretch-ed monotonous landscape flora spectacular
közepes nagyságú Dunántúl sík vidék elterül egyhangú táj növényvilág látványos
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
tarmacked low hill valley oak forest slope habitat species waterfall brook
kátrányozott domb völgy tölgyerdő lejtő, hegyoldal élőhely faj, fajok vízesés patak
élelmiszer feldolgozó ipar konyha(művészet) népszokások megőriz hímzett asztalterítő díszpárna turistaparadicsom
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
crucial stormy years to attract-ed vineyard spot to establish-ed to be flanked by holiday resort week-end cottage
döntő, fontos viharos évek vonz szőlőskert hely létrehoz, alapít közrefog, szegélyez üdülőhely hétvégi ház
mezőgazdasági vidék termény állatokat tart búza kukorica árpa zab gumós növények cukorrépa
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
livestock cattle industrial area unbroken smelting industry iron ore power plant lignite fertiliser aluminium foundry
élőállat, jószág szarvasmarha ipari terület folytonos kohászat vasérc erőmű barnaszén, lignit műtrágya alumínium kohó
építészeti történelmi város következésképpen püspökség püspök
59 60 61 62 63 64
to found-ed to crown-ed reconstruction baroque period cathedral chapel
megalapít megkoronáz újjáépítés barokk korszak székesegyház kápolna
foundation to reinforce-d meticulous to replace-d pipeline
alap megerősít aprólékos kicserél csővezeték elektromos hálózat, vezeték sokemeletes épület
Question 3
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
food-processing industry cuisine folk customs to preserve-d embroidered table-cloth cushion paradise for tourists Question 4
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
agricultural area crop to raise animals wheat maize barley oat root crop sugar beet Questions 5-6
54 55 56 57 58
architectural historic town consequently bishopric bishop Question 7
65 66 67 68 69
to pull down lebont demolish lebont to be incorporated into belefoglal surroundings környezet to dig, dug, dug ás
71 72 73 74 75
70
extensive
76 wiring 77 high-rise block
Questions 8-13
kiterjedt, nagy
78 79 80 81
kiváltságos tetszik v.kinek nevelkedik unalmas
98 99 100 101
out-of-the-way close to nature to appreciate-d gentle pace of living
félreeső közel áll a természethez nagyrabecsül szelíd, lassú élettempó
82 83 84 85
privileged to appeal to sy to be bred dull within walking distance to supply-ied wide choice to make do with
gyalog meg lehet járni ellát széles választék beéri v.mivel
102 103 104 105
elveszíti a kapcsolatot holt fáradt rohan bevall, beismer
86 87 88 89
variety of schools to commute-d within easy reach more chance
sokféle iskola ingázik, utazik könnyen elérhető nagyobb esély
106 107 108 109
90 91
constantly to provide sy with physical and mental well-being entirely privacy to hide oneself, hid, hidden not for all the tea in China remote
állandóan ellát v.kit v.mivel testi és lelki kényelem, jóérzés teljes mértékben magánélet, elvonultság
110 111
to lose touch with dead tired to rush-ed to admit-ted to be on friendly terms with relaxing inhabitant services General Practitioner (G. P.) to get stuck
92 93 94 95 96 97
baráti viszonyban van pihentető lakos szolgáltatások körzeti orvos beragad
112 mud 113 pasture 114 twittering birds
sár legelő csivitelő madarak
elbújik a világ minden kincséért sem távoli
115 cock crow
kakas kukorékolás
116 to disturb-ed 117 serenity 118 to work wonders
zavar nyugalom, békesség csodákat művel
hanyatlás munkanélküliség szegénység társadalmi feszültség általában mérték levegőszennyezés tömegközlekedés elégtelen folyamodik v.mihez vezet v.mihez állandó ártalmas füst felhőkarcoló közvetlen mellette hely,tér zöld lomb
139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156
otthontalanság szembenéz
to occupy, occupied to bump into underpass doorway squatter arbitrarily vacant former barracks continuous threat eviction mortgage refugee lack of sg adequate police protection mugger prowler vandal to take out one's 157 aggression on 158 innocent
elfoglal találkozik, belebotlik aluljáró kapualj lakásfoglaló önkényesen üres hajdani laktanya állandó fenyegetés kilakoltatás jelzálogkölcsön menekült hiánya v.minek megfelelő rendőri védelem utcai támadó csavargó vandál ember kiéli az erőszakos érzéseit ártatlan
lakótelep elhelyezkedik, található valami szélén
163 unsatisfactory 164 faceless 165 individuality
elégtelen személytelen egyéniség
Questions 14-15 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136
to decline-d unemployment poverty social stress in general degree air pollution public transportation inadequate to resort to to lead to constant noxious fume skyscraper right next to space greenery
137 homelessness 138 to tace-d Questions 16-17 159 housing estate 160 to be situated 161 on the edge of
162 overcrowded
túlzsúfolt
166 welcoming
szívélyes
lakóterület zöldövezet különálló ház
170 171 172 173
bungalow intimate high-rise block to lack-ed
verándás családi ház meghitt emeletes ház hiányol
jó fekvésű v.milyen távolságra nagyszerű, ragyogó sajátos
178 179 180 181
atmosphere ancient winding stone-paved
légkör, hangulat ösi kanyargó kikövezett
külváros, külterület útvonal óvoda rendbentartott játszótér sporttelep előnyös lehetőség, szolgáltatás bökkenő kéznél
191 192 193 194 195 196
public town boundary to set up recreation centre swing slide
nagyközönség a város határa felállít, létrehoz kultúfpark hinta csúszda
Questions 18 167 residential area 168 green belt 169 detached house Question 19 174 175 176 177
well located at a distance of splendid specific Questions 20-22
182 183 184 185 186 187
outskirts route kindergarten well-tended playground sports ground
188 facility 189 snag 190 at hand
197 amenity 198 live 199 handy never-ending stream of 200 cars
komfort, élő könnyen elérhető véget nem érő kocsisor
Questions 23-26
201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208
ten-storey building staircase fire escape combination lock to enable-d to feel secure resident tenant
209 cross-section
tízemeletes épület lépcsőház tüzlépcső kód zár képessé tesz biztonságban érzi magát lakos bérlő keresztmetszet
210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217
szórványos jelenlét, szórás jómódú külváros gondnok lakóbizottság önkéntes kezel segítő kezet nyújt
sprinkling to be well off suburbs caretaker house committee voluntary to handle-d to give a helping hand to overhear, overheard, áthall, meghall 218 overheard
