1ste bach TEW
Informatiesystemen samenvatting + minicases
Q 119
uickprinter Koningstraat 13 2000 Antwerpen www.quickprinter.be
3.50 EUR
Nieuw!!! Online samenvattingen kopen via www.quickprintershop.be
Inhoudsopgave Hoofdstuk 0: Inleiding digitale informatiesystemen ............................................................................... 4 1.
Begrippen .................................................................................................................................... 4
2.
Deelgebieden............................................................................................................................... 4
Hoofdstuk 1: Informatie, informatiesystemen en ICT ............................................................................. 6 1.
Informatie .................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 De rol van informatie bij bedrijfskundige beslissingen ............................................................. 6 1.2 Wat is informatie? ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Informatie als een model van de reële wereld ......................................................................... 6 1.4 Data representatie..................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Verwerking ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.6 Kwaliteit van data en informatie ............................................................................................... 7 1.7 Syntax en semantiek.................................................................................................................. 7
2.
Informatiesystemen .................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Definitie informatiesystemen .................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Enge, technische definitie .................................................................................................. 8 2.1.2 Brede, socio-technische definitie ....................................................................................... 8 2.2 Typologie 1: op basis van de informatie-spiegel ....................................................................... 8 2.3 Typologie 2: qua impact: strategische informatiesystemen ..................................................... 9 2.4 Typologie 3: qua integratie: departementeel tot inter-organisatorisch ................................. 10 2.5 Andere soorten informatiesystemen ...................................................................................... 10
3.
ICT .............................................................................................................................................. 10 3.1 Databanken ............................................................................................................................. 10 3.2 Data warehousing.................................................................................................................... 11
4.
Reflectie en ethische aspecten .................................................................................................. 11
5.
Informatie, modellen en wetenschap ....................................................................................... 12
Hoofdstuk 2: Bouwblokken van informatiesystemen ........................................................................... 13 1.
Deel systeemontwikkeling......................................................................................................... 13 1.1 Methodologieën ...................................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Enkele definities ...................................................................................................................... 13 1.3 Watervalmodel ........................................................................................................................ 14 1.3.1 Project Management ........................................................................................................ 14 1.3.2 Analyse ............................................................................................................................. 15 1.3.3 Ontwerp............................................................................................................................ 15 1
1.3.4 Programmeren ................................................................................................................. 16 1.3.5 Testen ............................................................................................................................... 16 1.3.6 Onderhoud ....................................................................................................................... 16 1.3.7 Watervalmodel nuancering .............................................................................................. 16 2.
Deel ICT...................................................................................................................................... 17 2.1 Periode 1: De mainframes (1960-1970) .................................................................................. 17 2.1.1 Informatiesysteemarchitectuur........................................................................................ 17 2.1.2 Hardware .......................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.3 Netwerken ........................................................................................................................ 17 2.1.4 Software ........................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.5 Informatie ......................................................................................................................... 18 2.1.6 Informatiesystemen ......................................................................................................... 18 2.1.7 Diverse .............................................................................................................................. 18 2.2 Periode 2: De PC (1980’s) ........................................................................................................ 18 2.2.1 Informatiesysteemarchitectuur........................................................................................ 18 2.2.2 Hardware .......................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.3 Software ........................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.4 Netwerken ........................................................................................................................ 19 2.2.5 Informatie ......................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.6 Informatiesystemen ......................................................................................................... 19 2.2.7 Diverse .............................................................................................................................. 20 2.2.8 Verdieping: Hardware ...................................................................................................... 20 2.2.9 Verdieping: Software ........................................................................................................ 21 2.2.10 Verdieping: Modulariteit ................................................................................................ 22 2.3 Periode 3: Internet en de pakketten (1990’s) ......................................................................... 22 2.3.1 Informatiesysteemarchitectuur........................................................................................ 22 2.3.2 Hardware .......................................................................................................................... 22 2.3.3 Software ........................................................................................................................... 22 2.3.4 Netwerken ........................................................................................................................ 23 2.3.5 Informatie ......................................................................................................................... 23 2.3.6 Informatiesystemen ......................................................................................................... 23 2.3.7 Diverse .............................................................................................................................. 23 2.4 Periode 4: Mobiele netwerken (2000-…) ................................................................................ 24 2.4.1 Informatiesysteemarchitectuur........................................................................................ 24 2.4.2 Hardware .......................................................................................................................... 24
2
2.4.3 Software ........................................................................................................................... 24 2.4.4 Netwerken ........................................................................................................................ 25 2.4.5 Informatie ......................................................................................................................... 25 2.4.6 Informatiesystemen ......................................................................................................... 25 2.5 Conclusies .................................................................................................................................... 28 Hoofdstuk 3: De intelligente/wendbare organisatie van de toekomst ................................................. 30 1.
Uitdagingen en kansen (de grote (hoeveelheid) informatiesystemen): ................................... 30 1.1 Complexiteit ............................................................................................................................ 30 1.2 Integratie ................................................................................................................................. 30 1.3 Verandering ............................................................................................................................. 30
2.
Organisatie van de toekomst .................................................................................................... 30 2.1 Denkrichting 1: Bouw .............................................................................................................. 30 2.2 Denkrichting 2: Management.................................................................................................. 30
Hoofdstuk A: Onderzoeksmethoden ..................................................................................................... 31 1.
Empirische methoden (productiviteit van ontwikkeling meten) .............................................. 31 1.1 Kwantitatieve methoden ......................................................................................................... 31 1.2 Kwalitatieve methoden ........................................................................................................... 31
2.
Design Science methoden (ontwerponderzoek) ....................................................................... 31
Hoofdstuk B: Practicum: SQL ................................................................................................................. 33 1.
Introductie ................................................................................................................................. 33 1.1 Onderdelen van SQL ................................................................................................................ 33 1.2 Verklaring syntax ..................................................................................................................... 33
2.
Data Definition Language .......................................................................................................... 33
3.
Data Manipulation Language .................................................................................................... 34
4.
Data Query Language ................................................................................................................ 34 4.1 Selectie en projectie ................................................................................................................ 34 4.2 Sorteren van resultaten........................................................................................................... 35 4.3 Aggregaat-functies .................................................................................................................. 35 4.4 Groeperen van records............................................................................................................ 35 4.4.1 Having ............................................................................................................................... 35 4.5 Joining ...................................................................................................................................... 36 4.6 Methode voor het opstellen van queries ................................................................................ 36
3
Hoofdstuk 0: Inleiding digitale informatiesystemen 1. Begrippen Informatiesystemen = systemen voor verwerken van data (met gebruik van hardware/software) In bedrijfsleven: klanteninfo, productinfo, voorraadstanden, … Beleidsinformatica = toepassing van ICT in bedrijfsleven = hoe organisaties ICT kunnen gebruiken Primaire activiteiten: - Hebben rechtstreeks betrekking tot productieproces - Diensten en overheid: vb. betalingen, verzekering, FedEx - Afdelingen: productie, operations, Research and Development (R&D), … Secundaire activiteiten: - Ondersteunende context voor primaire activiteiten - Afdelingen: accounting, Human Resource Management, … Kenniskloof: moeilijkheden tussen bedrijfskundigen en programmeurs bij samenwerking Hierdoor beleidsinformatica ontstaan (+/- 1965)
2. Deelgebieden Bouw van informatiesystemen: = Bouwen van informatiesystemen die aansluiten bij de bedrijfskundige vereisten - Systeemanalyse: Welke vereisten zijn er? - Systeemontwerp: Hoe vereisten omzetten naar informatiesysteem? - Project management: Tijd, budget, … o Onderzoeken - Ontwerponderzoek: iets nieuw maken (organisatiestructuren, hardware, …) - Empirisch onderzoek: kijken naar verband tussen 2 of meer variabelen • Vb. Marketing: waarom koopt u een bepaald product? Managementaspecten van informatiesystemen: = Goede condities scheppen voor de bouw - IT Governance = welke processen, strategie, structuren? (kwaliteit vs. kostprijs) - IT Audit = voldoen de systemen aan regelgeving van organisatie of overheid? o Onderzoeken - Empirisch onderzoek: is het zo dat bedrijven die meer geld uitgeven aan ICT beter presteren op de markt?
4
-
Ontwerponderzoek: ontwerp eens een doorlichtingsinstrument om te zien dat geheime informatie niet verloren gaat
5
