SO
YOU WANT TO BUY NEW SHOES ONLINE
www.shoes.com
Durban
www.TheInternet.o rg
The Internet
Waar komt het internet vandaan? Wat doet het met onze samenleving? Op welke manier wordt het bedreigd? Wat kun je zelf doen?
Waar komt het internet vandaan? Wat doet het met onze samenleving? Op welke manier wordt het bedreigd? Wat kun je zelf doen?
age courtesy of Shutterstock
70's
http://www
Waar komt het internet vandaan? Wat doet het met onze samenleving? Op welke manier wordt het bedreigd? Wat kun je zelf doen?
Models Business New
Industry
Banks
Leisure
age courtesy of Shutterstock
Waar komt het internet vandaan? Wat doet het met onze samenleving? Op welke manier wordt het bedreigd? Wat kun je zelf doen?
Wearables
Image courtesy of Shutterstock
courtesy of Flickr/AK Rockefeller
Snowden
Privacy
Permissionless innovation
Users
Users Security
IP
ecosyst em
Users
Users
Inspired by isoc.org
Addressing
CERT Governments Companies ISOC ITU WTPF IGF WSIS
ISPs Security
Ripe Nanog APOPS Internet Exchanges
ecosyst em
Addressing
Registrars domainers
NRO (ICANN)
Users
Users
IRT
TF-CSIRT EGC SSAC Enisa FIRST ECCC
IP
ICANN Root-servers gTLD Registries ccTLD
CSIRT
Ripe NCC RIRs ISPs
IPv6-TF
IAB IETF IRTF W3C ITU-T Developers
Users
Inspired by isoc.org
Users
.
CERT Governments Companies ISOC ITU WTPF IGF WSIS
ISPs Security
Ripe Nanog APOPS Internet Exchanges
ecosyst em
Addressing
Registrars domainers
NRO (ICANN)
Users
Users
IRT
TF-CSIRT EGC SSAC Enisa FIRST ECCC
IP
ICANN Root-servers gTLD Registries ccTLD
CSIRT
Ripe NCC RIRs ISPs
IPv6-TF
IAB IETF IRTF W3C ITU-T Developers
Users
Inspired by isoc.org
Users
Waar komt het internet vandaan? Wat doet het met onze samenleving? Op welke manier wordt het bedreigd? Wat kun je zelf doen?
We hebben de gezamenlijke kennis van alle mensen overal ter wereld nodig om de problemen waarmee onze samenleving kampt op te lossen.
Eigendom van informatie • • • •
Bestaat dat wel? Hoe bescherm je dat? Wat is het voordeel? Wat zijn de nadelen?
Patenten • Hardware • Software • USA vs Europa • Is het al eerder vertoond? • Open standaarden • Open source
Open innovatie • Crowd sourcing • Traditionele bedrijven – Gesloten en focus op IPR
• Versus een meer open ontwikkeling – Google
• (Tegenhanger voor NSA trapdoors – Open design open source)
Question
In a world of co-creation and crowd-sourcing is societal innovation damaged by Intellectual Property or is it aided by Intellectual Property?
Copyright
• •
•
Sport voorbeeld Voetbal over Internet
Geeft houder het recht bepaald gebruik te verbieden Gerelateerd: – Naburige rechten – Portret recht etc. – Tweede openbaarmaking – Etc. Stakeholders – Artist/Performers – Composers/Textwriters – End-users – Music-label/movie companies – Distributors – Rights organizations – Retailers – Governments – Etc.
Where are we • The current digital media and networking environment allows: – Creation – Distribution – Re-purposing – Sharing – Personalising – And more …… uses of content. e.g. 405 the movie
This gives us a chance to Do away with old restrictive (and often scheduled) distribution mechanisms Create a richer experience than just CD and DVD
But….. Difficult to devop the right business model copyrightholders will not share risks Many services have been challenged in court Google Video YouTube Mininova Pirate Bay Spotify
What was copyright for? • To stimulate innovation and creativity • To protect the efforts of artists and creators for them to exploit
How is it often used? • to put the innovation and deployment risks with parties other than the copyright holders • to protect commercial interest (rather than the creators interest) • to limit the end-user’s rights by limiting access to content • Lessig: The Mickey Mouse effect • Scantier public domain
The e-book case • Two main standards – Amazon – E-pub
• Several independent interfaces – – – – –
Amazon Kobo BeBook Sony Etc.
• Lock-in to bookseller sought • Customers confused and resort to downloading
Who decides • • • • • • •
International problem Countries in Europe – Not much room to decide anything Europe – European commission USA – Digital Millenium Copyright Act Music and Movie industry – Very good lobby Anti Counterfeit Trade Agreement (ACTA) – What exactly is decided there? Stop Online Piracy Act or SOPA – DNS takedowns – ISP as police – Payment blocking
Japanse anti-piracy
The effect so far • •
• •
Lots of money spend on lawyers Filesharing development is stimulated – Usage of MP3 and DivX – Napster – KaZaA/E-mule etc. – Bittorrent – Shinkuro – ???? Spirit of the law is nowhere near to being achieved on the Internet And kids learn fast ……
• •
Trying to charge for embedding ……. Or introduce Spotify and the likes……..
AND •
Protected content effect: – The people controlling the protection get to decide • And not the law makers • And not the users –
•
Even when copyright formally expires
If Apple gets the biggest app store and Amazon the biggest content store? “Increasingly we are entering a world where you need a priori "permission" to do anything including accessing networks or sharing information and knowledge regardless of whether the underlying information is in the public domain or not.” … the Content Provider grants you a non-exclusive right to view, use, and display such Digital Content an unlimited number of times, solely on the Kindle or a Reading Application or as otherwise permitted as part of the Service, solely on the number of Kindles or Other Devices specified in the Kindle Store, and solely for your personal, noncommercial use. Digital Content is licensed, not sold, to you by the Content Provider.
•
The “Industry needs to filter” effect – Commercial companies are going to spy on me?
This can be changed The digital market will fully open: • If the price is right • It’s legitimate • And convenient • TNO/UvA study on economic benefits of downloading
Market influences Commercial Price Protecting
Quality
Law
(Water)Marking
Presentation
Enforcement
Enabling
Accessibility
(Awareness)
Technology
Policy
Huidige auteurswet • • • •
Gebaseerd op DMCA Beschermt de bescherming van het auteursrecht Niet de wet, maar de techniek bepaalt wat we mogen Gevolgen: – Eigen gebruik aan banden (rechten van burger worden teruggedrongen) – Beperking wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar beveiliging – Verdere beperking aanwas publiek domein
Copyright and Universities • Goal is publishing – But then you have to sign your rights away – While the publisher earns money
• NWO requests copyright and open data • Princeton has now stated that personnel and students can no longer publish if they have to sign their rights away • Open peer reviewed publishing as an alternative? • And what about the underlying data – Should that be openly available too?
Naburige rechten/Portretrecht • Auteursrecht en naburige rechten vormen voor niet ingewijden een onontwarbare kluwe • Veel betrokken organisaties – BUMA, STEMRA, SEKAM, CEDAR, etc. • Lastig de juiste weg te vinden • Veel onduidelijke (en onjuiste) verhalen over betrokken bedragen
Questions What should a new copyright act look like if we could start from scratch?
Given the current copyright laws; how can we make sure that authors earn their dues with Internet distribution while at the same time allowing the users fair use?
