Presented in ITB – Kyoto University GCOE – HSE Program, Program Nusa Dua Bali 8 October 2009
HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION ON VOLCANIC AREA MT. CIREMAI TO CONSERVE WATER RESOURCES (AND OTHER RESEARCH EXPERIENCES ON TROPICAL HYDROGEOLOGY) BY D. ERWIN IRAWAN FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING APPLIED GEOLOGY RESEARCH DIVISION
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What is Human Security Engineering？(GCOE KU University Website) A system of technologies (techniques) for designing and managing cities and groups of cities that enable inhabitants: to live better sanitation and health conditions in day-to-day urban living, and also to live free from occasional threats of large-scale disasters and environmental destruction. 2
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Water
Water Shortage g
Sanitation and health conditions
Threats of large-scale disasters and environmental destruction
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Various Method used in H d Hydrogeological l i l Exploration E l ti Surface mapping Sub surface mapping Hydrogeochemistry Environmental isotope Hydrogeometeorology Tropical setting gives specific local originality to our researches
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Challenges in Water Demand (Dir.of water resources, 1990)
1.2
West Java Bali
13 1.3
Groundwater Resources (B) (A)
(C)
224 GROUNDWATER BASINS
4,7 BILLION m3/year
Mostly unmapped: Volcanics, karst, alluvium system 6
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VOLCANIC SYSTEM MT. CIREMAI & MT MERAPI MT. Mt. Ciremai Mt. Merapi
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doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.033
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M Ci Mt. Ciremaii (Kuningan-Cirebon) (K i Ci b )
Nearly 200 springs Discharging g g almost 4000 L/sec
Some of the spring locations Cigugur
Citambak
Palutungan
Cikalamayan
Citambak
Cikole
Cikabuyutan
Cijambu
Cijambar
Cileles
Telaga Remis
10
Telaga Remis
80
60
40
lo
pe
(S O4 )+
wn s
ate
243 130 80 39 71 317 105 95 93 244111 2 75 245 13 83 19 247 223 87 1 224131 76 68 69 129 11 221 25 34 47 54 241 132 108 9 53 46 98 225 242 41 99 52 10144 240 51 239 55 66 134 222 64 109 235 246 18 10 237 30 133 92 633 60 oo 106100 77 57 361 103 110 27 50 24 78 58 90 59 22 238 128 107 67 102 28 42 4937 72 32 74 15 79 94 17 91 40 45 63 73 882 12 36 43 236 4 220 5 8889 16 23 21 97 20 81 96 14 62 227
Do
Su lf 20
3570 26 104 65 112
I
Mata air hipertermal: 17 48 3 Salinitas pyroclast tinggi,i cfall kaya pyroclast icfall klorida, dan sirkulasi regional
g)
1,2
48 17
(M
II
i m iu es gn Ma 40
2
+ a)
60
(C
Ch lori de
m
(Cl)
80
lciu Ca
Elevasi lebih tinggi
103 79 73 70 90 43 37 36 111 15 4 49 60 1 Morphology:42 12 55 99 112from 245 Gradual angle 128 78 110 241 83 23 18 2 244 243 45 23635 10 to 42with normal fault 237 101 24 227 63 33 246 20 Mg SO 239 47 1 242 129 4 132 65 71 2 28 41 87 64 225 16 32 69 95 Endapans: pyrocl107 a82 sti89 c46 fa91 ll711 at21 higher97 than130 2000 masl, lava 1250 44 50 133 94 104 109 + 223 224 31 80 61 77 235 222 134 52 98 39 92 247 131 51 226 8 30 ++ 25 72 93 105 3 53 38 74 5888 59 22 10666 6 2000 masldanpyroklasti c flow at 5001250 masl. The 75 0 238 19 10 ++ 27 100 5 108 1381 ++ Volcanic deposits sit on246tertia102 ry sediments 9 ++ 51 53 26 62 96 76 54223 222 132 1 13 224 104 635131 26 129 11 34 92 2540 531 339 58 65 50 ++ 88 74 8788 87 112 8108 78100 57 46 107 245 82 68 67 332761 63 221 89 130 32 4103 133 52 ? 27 L flflow Lava 102 220 24 105 14 57 67 14 28 109 -1 ope 110 66 111 64 17 42 15 9226 70 71 20 12 10 96 wnsl 68 34 95 o 16 91 225 99128 60 62 81 D 18 77 23 73 35 101 75 4783 3779 44 227 240 70 130 55 49 97 9571 238 30 104 26 9105 o 6972 45 21 36 19 240 112 65 221 39 236 19 84 43 85 8648 40 111 134 69 87 83 38 235 80 245 98 94 90 29 93 56 244 44 41 129 13 34 48 75 236 41 224 223 2243 93 807 132 11 15 242 131 47 101 85 79 221 84 241 239 37 237 18 73 110831 56 29 77 52 78 49 246 86 239 134 109 24 227 247243237 240 10 66 64 36 54 53 241 61 32 110 235 222 25 92 128 91 242 97 4 43 27 103 133 63 98 90 247 12 33 99 60 102 46 220 56214238 6 58 30 68 42 55 225 74 50 107 45 17 28 94 244 3 21 67 57 76 72 100 51 81 89 23 96 220 40 88 16 20882 59 22106 226 Mata air meso & -2 Ca Na+K HCO3 +CO 3 Cl Piroklast i kfl k fl o w Calcium (Ca) Chloride (Cl) Hipotermal o %meq/l 3 3 CAT I O N S ANIO NS 1,2 1 Sistem batuan Elevasi lebih rendah T mapl B gunung api G. Ciremai 226 Salinitas rendah, -3 2500 106 o kaya bikarbonat, seimbang dom.ions 54 Non Ion 2000 sirkulasi lokal dan Non dom.cat-HCO Kation seimbang-HCO g Ca-HCO 3 59 22 o 1500 Ca-HCO 76 Ca-HCOmenengah 20
84 85 48 56 29 86
20
(H C O3 )
40
60
Bic arb on ate 40 0
on ate (C O 3) + 6
80
80
Ca rb
(M g)
60
pe
s lo
Ma gn es 40 ium
Do wn
20
20
40
60
1000 500
-1 km
10
III
Ca-HCO3
010
5
3
II
33
pH, Mg,
IIIo gCa, Remis Telaga HCO IV
15
120
Minitab for Windows
BW
3
10
3
Mg-HCO3
LITH Klw Lahar LhB Lava Lv Piroklastik PxB
Sedimen
o
3
IV
oo
Temp A., Sequence DHL, Naof+,Lahar deposits K+, Cl-, I SO42-
80
20
-4
29 84
1
35
3
85
Morphology: Gradual angle from 10 to 42wit h normal fault Sistem batuan Deposits:pyrocl Deposits: pyroclastic fallllathi at56higher than2000mdpl than 2000mdpl , lava 1250 sedimen - 2000 mdpl dan piroklastik aliranat 750 - 1250 mdpl. The vulkanikendapans sit on tertiary sedimentary batuans Elevasi lebih rendah
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20
20
40
Kompone en II Second Fa actor
) O4 (S
80
40
60
80
(K) 60 i m ssiu o ta 60 +P
40
60
te lfa Su
a) (N
80
Cibulan 80
40
20
m diu So
80
20
L/s
20
L/d
86
Sistem batuan gunung api
Na-K-Cl
242
3
DEI-CP,2009 30
2
4
o
5
First Factor Komponen I
TE
month www.appliedgeology.itb.ac.id/www.fitb.itb.ac.id
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Hydrogeochemistry to trace the age and groundwater genetic B Kab. Klaten
Kab. Sleman
A1
A2
Kab. Klaten
Kab. Sleman
North Cijanggel
Jambudipa
12,7yo
Kab. Klaten
A3
50,86 yo
South 27,24 yo 50,42 yo
Cibabat
14,9 to 15,11 yo y 43,7 yo
Buried Valley Reconstruction South slope of Mt.Merapi Yogyakarta
Karst System: Mid Java
Kawasan Karang Bolong, Jawa Tengah.
Hydrogeophysics to trace underground fracture: Sukabumi
A
B Sumber: Deny Juanda P. dan Imam P., 2006
Hydrogeophysics to trace underground fracture: Bribin underground river A
Batugamping Fm. Wonosari
B K. Bribin Stalaktit Profil Gua Kali Bribin
Teras sungai g
Pompa air Pengukur muka air sungai otomatis
Hasil plot resistivitas
Muka air sungai
Rongga
Hasil rekonstruksi rongga
Kali Suci, kedalaman 54 m, diameter 8 m
Sumber: Deny Juanda P. dan Joko Santoso, 1994 dan 2005
Hydrodynamics in Karst Aquifer System H
Teori
(A1). Model Aliran pada Kanal Terbuka
Waktu
100
K. Bribin
H
(A2) Model Aliran karst Kali Bribin 50
Jan
Nop
Zona I Aliran lambat (infiltrasi lambat)
Mar
Agt
Jun
Apr
Feb
Des
Okt
Sep
Jul
Mei
Bulan
Maksimum 30 meter Akifer Fm. Wonosari
Kali Bribin
K. Bribin Zona II Aliran cepat (Hipotermik)
(B) Zonasi tata aliran airtanah di akifer Fm. Wonosari
HGL Kawasan Karst (14)
Bagian IV / Daftar Isi
Groundwater – River interaction: Cikapundung TIPE CIKAPUNDUNG II
TIPE CIKAPUNDUNG I
TIPE CIKAPUNDUNG III Tipe Cikapundung III ALIRAN INFLUEN Aliran Influen (Sungai Mengisi Akifer)
Tipe Cikapundung II ALIRAN EFLUEN Aliran Efluen (Sungai Diisi Akifer)
Tipe Cikapundung I ALIRAN TERISOLASI (Sungai dan Akifer Aliran Terisolasi Tidak Berhubungan)
Jenis batuan: Perselingan Pasir Lempung Formasi Kosambi
Jenis batuan: Breksi Gunungapi Formasi Cikapundung
Jenis batuan: Lava Basalt Formasi Cibeureum
700
Lengkong Besar
Dayeuh Kolot Sungai Citarum
Cihampelas ITB
Banceuy Viaduct
Curug Dago 80 0
70 0 90
1000 1100
650
Kontur Topografi
0
750 m
00 11 12 00
0 10 0
U
KETERANGAN
(A) Arah Sungai A h Ali Aliran Ai Airtanah tCikapundung h
0
Pakar 0 90
Bojong Soang
0 80
Pusat Kota Bandung
Maribaya
1200
Sumber: Deny Juanda P. dan Fajar Lubis, 2002
Influent stream
Effluent stream
Jl. Asia Afrika, Bandung
Cihampelas, Bandung
Groundwater – River interaction: Ciliwung Tipe Ciliwung III Aliran Influen Tipe Ciliwung III Aliran Influen
Tipe Ciliwung I Aliran Efluen I Tipe Ciliwung Aliran Efluen Tipe Ciliwung II Aliran Campuran Tipe Ciliwung II Aliran Campuran p
Bogor
Jakarta (B) Sungai Ciliwung
Depok Sumber: Deny Juanda P. dan D. Erwin Irawan, 2006
Influent stream
Mixed Stream
Effluent stream
Polutan? Mangga Besar, Jakarta
Pd. Cina, Depok
Tajur, Bogor
WHAT NEXT ?
Geophysics for f t fracture tracer t
Groundwater Monitoring
Tracer technology gy (hydrogeochemistry)
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Presented in ITB – Kyoto University GCOE – HSE Program, Program Nusa Dua Bali 8 October 2009
THANK YOU HYDROGEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION : AS FORM OF HUMAN SECURITY ENGINEERING CASE STUDY: VOLCANIC, KARST, ALLUVIUM SYSTEM
[email protected] BLOG.FITB.ITB.AC.ID/D_ERWIN_IRAWAN
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