Week 1 Revision • Fill in the article A/AN/THE. if necessary. 1. How are …….children? 2. I live in ….. small house in …… country. 3. …… front door of …… our house is small. 4. …… girl with ….. blue eyes is …… my sister? 5. Can I have …… cup of ….. coffee? 6. Have you got ….. interesting job? 7. He was born in …… March, I think. 8. I like …… football. 9. We went by ……. bus. 10. I am not good at …… history. 11. They are not at …… home, they are at …… school. 12. …… Prague is in …… Europe. 13. Does he speak …… English? I hope so. 14. He can be back in …… hour. 15. Can I have …… orange? 16. He is …… my good friend. 17. Do you want …… milk? 18. My brother is …….. artist. 19. What …… lovely eyes! 20. There is …… one girl in …… my class. • Substitute all underlined nouns by pronouns. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Close the doors. Give the textbooks to your brother. Ask your teacher about the result of your exam. Look after Barbara. Help me and my brother with the homework.
…………………….. ……………………... ……………………… ……………………… ………………………
• Circle the correct pronoun. 1. ……. are French students. a) it b) they c) them 2. He asked …… to do it. a) my b) mine c) me 3. Where are Bob and Peter? I haven’t met ……. today. a) they b) them c)their 4. You must take ……. books. a) your b) you c) yours 5. Can you see …….. over there? a) he b) his c) him 6. I am sorry, I didn’t finish …… homework. a) mine b) me c) my • Put the noun in the plural. 1. a secretary 2. a bus 1
3. a potato 4. a play 5. a boss 6. a child 7. an orange 8. a woman 9. an apple 10. a factory • Fill in the gap with the correct form. 1. Can I have …… coffee? a) any b) some c) an 2. Are there ……. English books? a) any b) some c) anything 3. I don´t need ….. help. a) any b) some c) no 4. I didn’t see ……. Leaving the building. a) anybody b) somebody c) nobody 5. Is there ……. bread? a) any b) some c) no • Fill in the gaps in the list of the weekdays Sunday /…………./ ………..…./ Wednesday /……….……./ Friday /………..…./ . • Find the mistake in each sentence and rewrite it correctly. 1. He is teacher. ……………………………………………… 2. There is five boys in our class. ……………………………. 3. His eyes are blacks. ……………………………………….. 4. Prague is a city big. ………………………………………... 5. She brother is at school. …………………………………… 6. I have hungry. ……………………………………………… 7. This potatoes are expensive. ……………………………….. 8. Where he is? ………………………………………………... 9. Helen want to buy new shoes too. ………………………….. 10. I go usually for a trip on Sundays. ………………………….. • Form sentences from the given words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
comes, every, friend, here, my, week, ………………………………………………. for, does, have, lunch, he, what? ……………………………………………………... bed, time, do, what, you, to, go? ……………………………………………………… go, I, can, cinema, the, to, with, you? ………………………………………………… from, she, come, does. where? ……………………………………………………….. to, how, do, you, get, work? …………………………………………………………..
• Form questions with the given question words. 1. He is at home 2. Her name is Jane. 3. I was at home.
Where ………………………………………………………….? What ……………………………………………………………? Where …………………………………………………………..?
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4. He went to school with Bob. Where …………………………………………..? 5. John bought a Škoda car . What …………………………………………………..? • First, read and complete the text with the following phrases. wakes the children up 10 p. m. many times St John’s Hospital
a nurse bus 20 children gives them breakfast very tired
6 o’clock taxi
My name is Jennie. I’m …a nurse…..and I work at ……………………………….. I look after children at night. I start work at ………………………… and finish early at …………… in the morning. I go to work by ………………………………. but I come home in the morning by ……………………………. because I’m tired. I have ……………………….. in my section I look at the children …………………………. during the night. Sometimes I sit and talk to a child. The children sleep most of the time. At six the day nurse arrives and ……………………………….. She …………………….. at seven o’clock .I go home and go to bed at eight. I usually feel …………………………………………. . • Now use this information to complete the question. Where ………………………………………………………………………………...? What time …………………………………………………………………………….? How …………………………………………………………………………………...? How often ……………………………………………………………………………..? What …………………………………………………………………………………..? • Write what they did yesterday. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
John (to write a letter to Jack) …………………………………………………………… Alice (to go to the cinema) ………………………………………………………………. Mike (to visit his cousin Tom) …………………………………………………………… David (to spend the afternoon with his girlfriend) ……………………………………….. Joyce (to invite friends and make tea for them)…………………………………………... Jeff (to drive to Brno and back) …………………………………………………………..
• Put into the passive: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Somebody killed a man in Westham yesterday. They teach their employees in English. People play chess all over the world. The journalist wrote the article well. They discuss the problem.
• Put the correct passive forms into these sentences: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Most paper ………… from wood. (make) Stamps ………… in post offices. (sell) These letters …………… by a child. (write) The Taj Mahal ………… many years ago. (build) Latin ………… by many people in Shakespeare’s time. (speak)
• Put down the converse expressions: 1. father 2. uncle
.……………………... ………………………
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3. 4. 5. 6.
husband grandfather sister niece
…………………….... …………………….... ……………………… ………………………
Present tenses • Put in the correct tense: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
I would like to go home now. It …………. late. “What ……….. ? " “Beer. Can I get you some?” “Where’s Lucy?” “She ………….. a bath.” What sort of films ………….. ? “Do you speak Chinese?” “ No, ……………. “ What time ………… to bed? go) 7. “Is there anything to eat?” “ I ……..... some fish”. 8. “……………. tomorrow?” “No, I ………….. on Saturdays.” • Choose the correct form: 1. Peter goes/is going to work every day. 2. How often do you watch/are you watching TV? 3. They learn/are learning English now. 4. When do you go/are you going on holiday? 5. Who do you talk/are you talking to? 6. I go/’m going to bed at ten o’clock every night. 7. Switch off the kettle. The water is boiling/boils. 8. Jane works/is working five days a week. 9. London stands/is standing on the river Thames. 10. Look! It’s raining/rains. • Translate: 1. Podívej Helena má na sobě krásné šaty. 2. Helena často nosí kalhoty. 3. Petr o víkendu nikdy nepracuje. 4. Máš čas? Bohužel ne, studuji. 5. Kde je Lucie? Nakupuje. 6. Máte zapalovač? Bohužel ne, nekouřím. 7. Proč máš na sobě ten svetr? Není zima. 8. Je Jan v koupelně? Ne, je venku. Čistí auto. 9. Kočky jedí maso. 10. Vždy trávíme Vánoce na chatě. 11. Co děláš? Jsem elektroinženýr. 12. Vždycky prší, když chceme jít ven. 13. Máš rád ryby? Moc ne. 14. Co děláš? Píšu dopis. 15. Kdy obvykle vstáváš? V sedm.
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(is getting/gets) (are you drinking/do you drink) (is having/has) (are you liking/do you like) ( I’m not/I don’t) (are you usually going/do you usually (‘m just cooking/just cook) (Are you working/Do you work) (‘m not working/don’t work)
Describing people • Vocabulary: face nose eyes voice look like appearance in his/her 30’s in his late teens elderly slim fat attractive charming well-build beard moustache medium height
obličej nos oči hlas vypadat vzhled okolo 30-ti téměř dospělý starší lidé štíhlý tlustý půvabný okouzlujicí urostlý plnovous knír středně vysoký
mouth chin ears shoulder tall short hair colour black red fair dark-haired curly straight hair wavy bald light blue thin lips
ústa brada uši rameno vysoký malý barva vlasů černé zrzavé světlé tmavovlasý kudrnatý rovné vlasy vlnité pleš/plešatý světle modrý úzké rty
Expressions: What does he look like? He is quite tall and well-proportioned. He has got wavy dark hair and brown eyes. He is bald. He is medium height. He has got a moustache and a beard. He has got curly blond hair. What is he like? intelligent - stupid patient – impatient polite – rude hard working – lazy friendly – unfriendly gentle – aggressive honest – dishonest He is intelligent and honest with a good sense of humor. Vypadat dobře – look good Vypadat legračně – look funny Vypadat mladě/staře – look young/old Vypadat sklíčeně – look blue Vypadá, jako by neuměl do pěti počítat – He looks as if butter wouldn’t melt in his mouth.
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• Complete the text with the following words Always is doing nose
beautiful laughed person
blue listen quite
each other forget long fair smile Shakespeare’s
girlfriend neither tired
her nor worked
My first real ………….. was a very ………….. girl called Jenny. She was ……….. tall, ……… slim ……….. fat, with a lovely figure. She had …………. , …………… hair and eyes, a funny short ………… , and a wide mouth with a wonderful …………. , like the sun coming out. Her voice was soft and nice to ……….. to. She had a great sense of humour, and we ………….. a lot. At nights she ………….. as a nurse in a mental hospital, and she was often very …………… when we saw ………………., but she was …………… fun to be with. She was a very talented actress, and I will never …………. her playing Hermione in a student production of ……………. Winter’s Tail. Jenny was a lovely ……………, and I was lucky to know ……….. I often wonder what she ……………. now. • What do they look like? The policeman is telling someone about the missing people. ….. Calling all cars. The hijackers of the Boeing 707 from Rio are believed to be in the Loch Ness area after leaving the plane by parachute about twenty minutes ago. Proceed at once to the vicinity of Castle Clandonald and begin searching. Description as follows: Man, British, medium height, dark hair, small moustache, small brown eyes, wearing a blue suit and black shoes. He is believed to be Sam Watson, who is wanted in connection with a series of bank robberies. He is carrying a gun, and maybe dangerous. Woman, nationality unknown, tall, blonde, blue eyes, attractive, athletic build, wearing dark clothes and shoes. Nothing is known about her identity. Approach these people with caution. Repeat, approach with caution. Complete the description. We are looking for a man. He’s …………….. He’s got………………….. He’s wearing……………. The man is ……………….. and he’s carrying ………………… We are looking for a woman too. …………… Vocabulary: hijacker – únosce vicinity – okolí at once – ihned proceed – přesunout se searching – pátrání caution - opatrnost • Listening: Missing person – Changes page 74 Listen and take notes: Who is missing? What does the person look like? What is the person wearing? What happened to the missing person? • Who is it? Think of someone in the class. Your partner tries to guess who it is? How old is he? How tall is he? What kind of hair does he have? Is he in his 20’s? What is he wearing?
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• Imagine that an important person is visiting your home town. Write a short commentary. Read this commentary as an example: Mrs. Martin is looking beautiful – she is wearing her national costume: a long green and gold silk dress, and a tall red hat. Her friends are dressed very simply, as usual: he’s wearing a dark blue suit with a light blue shirt and black tie, and she is wearing a brown tweed skirt with a white blouse and light brown shoes.
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Week 2 Story • Read these stories and retell them. Practise different tenses and grammar forms.
How can you get to Britain? You can travel by train, coach, car, bike or on foot as well, but in all these cases you have to cross the Channel somehow. The Channel is the stretch of water that separates England and France. Between Dover and Calais the Channel is only 42 km wide. You can get to many British ports by boat. The journey from Calais to Dover by hovercraft takes 45 min. It takes one and a half hours by ferry. A ferry or hovercraft arrives or leaves every half-hour. You can use the tunnel too. The journey takes about 45 minutes and it is usually smooth because it doesn’t depend on the weather. Travelling by bus had advantages and disadvantages at same time. One of the advantages is that you can see more from bus windows than from the plane. You have much better chance to see the countryside. But the journey from Prague to London takes about 18 hours. The fastest way is to fly. It takes about one and a half hours to get from Prague to London. There are three airports in or near London. Heathrow is London’s main airport. There are four terminals. It takes an hour to reach central London by a direct underground rail link. Gatwick is London’s second airport after Heathrow. It’s about 25 miles south of London. It has two terminals. Stansted is London’s third airport. It’s about 30 miles north of London. It was a base for the American Air Force during the Second World War. Stansted is passenger airport from 1966. Vocabulary: stretch – pás smooth – klidný(let, plavba) hovercraft – vznášedlo
disadvantage - nevýhoda advantage – výhoda wide – široký
Portsmouth Portsmouth is a port of south coast of Britain where we can see two famous ships in British history. The first one, called the Mary Rose, was built as a war ship in the 16th century during the reign of King Henry VIII. Unfortunately this ship sank in 1545, right in front of Henry VIII.’s eyes, shortly after leaving Portsmouth to do battle with the French fleet. The ship sank with almost 700 soldiers and all their equipment. For many years the ship was forgotten. The wreck of the Mary Rose was finally lifted in 1982. A large number of everyday objects was discovered in the wreck and thanks to them we can learn a lot about the life of soldiers in those days. Much more popular then Mary Rose is Her Majesty’s Ship Victory (HMS Victory). In 1805, the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte attacked Britain. Many European countries were already part of his Empire and he wanted to get Britain too. A lot of ships gathered on both sides near the place called Trafalgar. The British were led by Admiral Nelson and the HMS Victory was his flagship. The British won the battle in the end but Admiral Nelson was badly injured and died three hours later. Admiral Nelson saved Britain and become a national hero. His statue can be seen high above Trafalgar Square in the centre of London. His ship is a museum now. Vocabulary: unfortunately – naneštěstí fleet – loďstvo
sink, sank, sunk – potopit se equipment – vybavení, výzbroj 8
gather – shromáždit se injure – zranit
lead, led, led – vest save - zachránit
• We use connecting words in narratives. They show the order of events in a story. Example: first, after that, next, then, finally, afterwards, a few minutes later, the next day, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday
Present perfect tense Užití: děj, který začal v minulosti a právě teď skončil děj, který začal a skončil v minulosti, ale trvají jeho následky Příklady:
I have just come. I have bought a car. Have you been to France? - No, I haven’t I have visited Britain twice. My mother has never travelled by plane. Where’s your key? – I don’t know. I’ve lost it.
Tvoření: have + příčestí minulé ( tvar s –ed u pravidelných sloves, u nepravidelných třetí tvar) I we you they
he she it
have (‘ve)
has (‘s)
finished cleaned been written bought done begun gone seen
Otázka:
Have
Has
I we you they
cleaned finished been written bought done
he she it
begun gone seen
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Zápor: I we you they
have not (haven’t)
he she it
has not (hasn’t)
cleaned finished been written bought done begun gone seen
Pomůckou pro použití mohou být výrazy, se kterými se předpřítomný čas zpravidla vyskytuje: Ever – někdy, do této doby
Have you ever tasted Czech beer? Have you ever tried Czech cuisine?
Never – nikdy, ještě nikdy
They have never been to the U.S.A. I have never seen such mess. (nepořádek)
Yet – ještě (v otázce a záporu)
I haven’t been on holiday yet. Have you been on holiday yet?
Already – už, již
I have already paid the bill.
Just – právě, nedávno
I’ve just had lunch.
For – po dobu
She has lived in Paris for five years. She hasn’t met him for a long time.
Since – od
I haven’t seen Roger since last year. I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast.
How long…? – Jak dlouho už …? • Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
I have just (begin) to study French. She has never (tell) Jack about the affair. They haven’t (see) our new house yet. Has she ever (think) about working abroad? I have (buy) a new car.
• Put the words into the correct order 1. I/Denmark/twice/been/have/to 2. decision/yet/made/has /the/been/not 3. to/happened/this/ever/you/has ?
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4. Harry Potter/read/yet/new/the/have/book/you ? 5. Charles and Jane/to/gone/Brasilia/have • Translate 1. Zodpověděli jste všechny otázky? 2. Co jste se dnes naučili? 3. Dlouho jsme se neviděli. 4. Jak dlouho už je Mike v Londýně? 5. Je ženatý od roku 1998. 6. Bydlíme v tomto domě už deset let. 7. Hrál jsi někdy golf? 8. Nikdy jsem nejel na koni. 9. Byl jsem v Kanadě, ale nikdy jsem nebyl v USA. 10. Petr odjel do Španělska. • Put the verbs in brackets into past tense or present perfect 1. It just (happen). 2. It (happen) yesterday. 3. When (happen) it? 4. John (come) to work at 8 o’clock. 5. John (come) not to work yet. 6. The Jacksons (live) in this street for three months. 7. The Jacksons (move) in this street three months ago. 8. I have (know) Mr. Jackson since he (move) in. 9. We (be) friends since we first (meet). 10. Mr. Jackson never (complain) about my dogs. • Translate: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Nikdy jsem o tom nepřemýšlel. Slyšel jsi někdy takový nesmysl. Od minulého týdne s nikým nepromluvila. Zuzana odešla před půl hodinou. Už jsem napsal dva dopisy. Petr přišel před dvěma minutami.
• Correct the mistakes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
It didn’t rain here since June. I have done my homework yesterday. Sheila has never broke a promise. John work as a doctor for ten years. They have met at a party last Sunday. Mike gone home a few minutes later. Did you think of buying a house of your own? He was in London for four days.
• Have you ever driven a sports car? Listen to the conversation – Changes, page 79. What happened?
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• Have you ever ………? Think of five interesting events like meeting a famous person, visiting a famous place or seeing something unusual. Example: Have you ever seen something unusual? Yes, I have. I saw a UFO once. Really? Where was that? …………………………. ……………………………………………………. • Conversation: A round trip – Changes, page 82. Have you ever been to any foreign countries? Have you ever been to a/an circus?/ pop concert?/ zoo?/ art gallery? Have you ever seen a/an ghost?/ English film?/ giraffe? Have you ever been camping?/ windsurfing?/ skiing?/ sailing? Have you ever had a ride on a/an horse?/ camel?/ elephant?/ donkey? Have you ever eaten/drunk Chinese food?/ champagne?/ goat’s milk?/ Indian curry? • Draw or translate: There is a village in the picture. There are nice gardens and woods near the village. There is a river there. There is a bridge across the river. There are five trees on a bank of the river. There is a man on the bank too. He is fishing. There is a park near the river. The park is full of old trees. There is a wall around the park. There are some boys in the park. They are watching a model plane. • Read with a dictionary.
Singing in the plane A 55-year old British pilot sang throughout the night to keep from falling asleep and freezing to death after his plane crashed into a snow-covered forest in Labrador. He ran into unexpected freezing rain which built up ice quickly on the wings, forcing the aircraft down. He said: “I sat there wrestling with the controls until I hit something in the dark and it was trees.” His right ankle was broken by the impact and, unable to walk to safety, he squeezed into a warmer suit. “My main occupation the whole night was to keep awake so I would not freeze,” he said. Sixteen hours later a Canadian armed forces helicopter heard signals from his emergency transmitter and picked him up.
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Week 3 Holidays A holiday trip Benny is on holiday in Caribbean. It’s a beautiful day and he decides to rent a car and go sightseeing. It’s a lovely island with small villages, green fields and tall palm trees. Benny drives through one village with stone bridges and old churches. He smiles and waves to everybody he passes and all smile and wave back. “What a wonderful place.” Benny thinks. “How friendly everybody is!” Ben stops at a gas station for directions. “Are you from America?” a man asks. “That’s right. This is my first time here.” “Oh, then take this map. It has all the tourist attractions on it.” “ Thank you very much. How much is it?” “Nothing. It’s yours. Have a good trip,” says the man. Benny drives on and thinks: “What kind and friendly people they all are.” Suddenly the road becomes very narrow and full of curves. Before Benny can slow down, an old track comes around the bend and nearly crashes into Benny’s car. “Pig! Slow down!” the driver shouts. “Well, the same to you!” Benny shouts back, very surprised. “The first unfriendly and rude person here,” he thinks. Then Benny drives around the curve and crashes into the biggest pig he has ever seen! Vocabulary: rent – vypůjčit si wave – mávat suddenly – náhle slow down – zpomalit church – kostel trip – cesta, výlet crash – nabourat
island – ostrov direction – směr curve, bend – zatáčka sightseeing – výlet, prohlížení památek gas station – benzínová pumpa narrow – úzký rude – hrubý
Mysterious places in Britain There are several stone circles around the country, but Stonehenge is the most important prehistoric monument in whole of Britain. It was rebuilt several times. The ruins we can see today are about 3000 years old, but the oldest parts are 5000 years old, much older than the Egyptian pyramids. Some people think Stonehenge was used as a temple but others think it was an astronomical observatory. No matter what it to be used, its builders had to have very strong reasons for building it and a lot of energy as well. The biggest stones weigh up to 50 tonnes each and they were transported from a place 20 miles away. Silbury Hill is not very far from Avebury where the largest stone circle can be seen. Silbury Hill was built about 4000 years ago and it is the largest man-made prehistoric mound in Europe. It’s about 40 metres high and it is a great mystery because no one knows its purpose although it probably took up 200 years to built. White horses were carved into chalk slopes. I was necessary to recut them from time to time. Sometimes the shape of a horse was made more modern. The White Horse at Westbury was newly rebuilt in 1778 but the White Horse of Uffington is about 2000 years old. Vocabulary: ancient – dávný rebuilt – přestavět mound – mohyla, kopec carve – vyřezat chalk – křída
artificial – umělý temple – chrám purpose – účel slope – svah
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• Test of your knowledge:
What place of interest is it? This interesting place is a famous monument in London. This sight on the bank of the river Thames is well known all over the world. The oldest parts were built for defence by William the Conqueror in the 11th century. It was a fortress, a royal palace, a prison and a menagerie for many years. Now it is a museum with a rich collection of arms. You can also admire the Crown Jewels with the greatest diamond – the Star of Africa. The ceremony of the Keys takes place every night when the main gate is locked. Vocabulary: bank – břeh fortress – pevnost menagerie – zvěřinec arms – zbraně Crown Jewels – korunovační klenoty gate – brána
defence – obrana prison – vězení rich – bohatý admire – obdivovat take place – konat se lock – zamknout
Adjectives – přídavná jména Mají pro všechny rody a obě čísla jeden tvar:
old – starý, -á, -é, staří …. good – dobrý, -á, -é, dobří …
Ve větě mohou stát: a) před podstatným jménem Old buildings, a nice man, black hair b) po slovesech be, look, feel, seem ( + některá další), jestliže popisujeme větný podmět Those buildings are old. Her hair is black. Stupňování přídavných jmen: • jednoslabičná a většina dvouslabičných (např. končících na –y) 2. stupeň – pomocí přípony –er 3. stupeň – pomocí přípony –est a použitím členu určitého před přídavným jménem long big easy
longer bigger easier
the longest the biggest the easiest
! pravopisná změna ! pravopisná změna
• víceslabičná a některá dvouslabičná 2. stupeň užitím pomocného slova “more” 3. stupeň užitím pomocného slova “ the most” interesting beautiful polite
more interesting more beautiful more polite
the most interesting the most beautiful the most polite
Pomocná slova ve 2. a 3. stupni jsou vlatně nepravidelně stupňovaná příslovce hodně - many/much vice – more nejvíce – the most
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• nepravidelné stupňování dobrý –good špatný – bad vzdálený – far
better worse further
the best the worst the furthest
Užití přídavných jmen při srovnávání: I am as old as Peter. as …. as + 1. stupeň - tak … jako I am older than Mike. 2. stupeň + than - než I am the oldest of all. 3. stupeň + of I am the oldest in the family. 3. stupeň + in Je-li ve 2. stupni na konci zájmeno, následuje ještě slovesný tvar, John is younger than I am. Míru vlastnosti můžeme vyjádřit pomocí dalších výrazů: very, really, pretty, rather, quite, fairly, not + přídavné jméno It’s an interesting city. It’s beautiful.
It’s a very interesting city. It’s quite beautiful. It’s not a very interesting place.
Adverbs – Příslovce Příslovce se většinou tvoří příponou –ly od přídavných jmen. nice nicely easy easily Některá příslovce mají stejný tvar jako přídavné jméno: back zadní, vzadu, zpět far daleký, daleko high vysoký, vysoko low nízký, nízko near blízký, blízko hard tvrdý, trvdě, pilně late pozdní, pozdě long dlouhý, dlouho Pozor na nepravidelné
good - dobrý
well – dobře
• Comparative and superlative adjectives – Changes, page 143 • Form comparative adjectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
nice, tall, cold, strong happy, simple, ugly, friendly quiet, polite, common, busy beautiful, important, sensible, pleasant near, free, red, mad good, bad, far, dull noble, interesting, clear, wide
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• Form superlative adjectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
quick, happy, short, tall funny, near, free, tired important, complicated, light, critical prepared, useful, exciting, quiet fast, rapid, warm, nice
• Choose the correct form: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
I’m sure Paul is taller/more tall than Peter. He is definitely happier/more happy in his new home. Czech beer is more well-known/better known than Czech wine. Your proposal seems to be more difficult/difficultier to carry out. Trains are slowlier/slower than buses. A taxi is more expensive/the most expensive than a bus. This show was funner/funnier than the last one.
• Translate: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
July is hotter than June in this country. Children sleep longer than adults. Czech is not as easy as English. Town is not as quiet as the country. My computer is as fast as yours. Her results were worse than mine. John’s birth place is further than Jeff’s.
• Translate: 1. Jack je z nich nejstarší. 2. Praha je nejkrásnější město. 3. Metro je nejrychlejší způsob dopravy. 4. Jděte nejkratší cestou domů. 5. Sahara je nejsušší místo na Zemi. 6. Můj bratr je starší než moje sestra. 7. Nebuď tak líný jako já. 8. Je tvé město tak krásné jako Praha? 9. Jeho auto je novější než moje. 10. Tento román je o trochu delší než tamten. • Make the questions in column A with the answers in column B. Than practise the conversation. A What’s your home town like? Do you like it?
B …Oh, really? It’s very exciting. It has a beautiful harbour and wonderful beaches. … No, it’s very old. It has lots of fascinating streets, canals and buildings. …No, I hate it! It’s really boring. That’s why I moved away. …It’s quite beautiful and very interesting. It’s got a fascinating history and a very nice climate. It’s pretty crowded though.
Tell me about Sydney. I’ve never been there. What’s Athens like? Is it an interesting place? Is Amsterdam a modern city?
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Could, would, should Tato slovesa se chovají jako modální slovesa –otázka a zápor bez pomocného do/does ale pomocí “not”, bez –s ve třetí osobě jednotného čísla přítomného času, následuje infinitive bez “to”. Užití: Could – jestliže někoho o něco žádáme – mohl byste …. Could you open the window? Could you tell me the time? Would –would like to do – chtěl bych nebo jesliže někoho někam zveme We would like to visit New York. Would you like to come to a party? I’m thirsty. I’d like drink. Would you like …? = Do you want ..? Would you like some coffee? Should – bylo by dobré kdyby, měl bys It’s a good film. You should go and see it. Tom shouldn’t go to bed so late. • Translate: 1. Chtěl bych si koupit nové kolo. 2. Chtěl bych vás představit své ženě. 3. Chtěl byste s ní mluvit hned? 4. Chtěl bych být populární. 5. Moje sestra by chtěla jít do kina. 6. Kam byste chtěli jít dnes večer? 7. Měl bys přijít včas. 8. Neměl bys mu to říkat. 9. Měl bys ji znát z večírku. 10. Neměl bys tolik kouřit. 11. To by nemělo trvat příliš dlouho. 12. Už by měla být doma. 13. Mohl byste zavřít to okno? 14. To by neměl být problem. • Translate: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
It’s Sunday, so there shouldn’t be a traffic jam. You should find a job as soon as possible. You shouldn’t worry too much about it. Should we go to the cinema tonight? It shouldn’t be too difficult to repair the car.
• Choose the correct form: 1. 2. 3. 4.
I can’t/shouldn’t speak English. I have never learned it. You should/can be more careful. Passengers mustn’t/shouldn’t smoke during take-off. Could/should you help me? 17
5. You shouldn’t/don’t take this too seriously. 6. It shouldn’t/mustn’t cost more than a thousand crowns. • Give advice with should and shouldn’t: Example:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
I’m going to Mexico. (winter/not too hot) You should go in winter. It’s not too hot then.
I’m going to Paris. (Louvre/very interesting) I’m going to Dakar. (summer/too hot) I’m going to Egypt. (boat on the Nile/fascinating) I’m going to New York. (alone at night/dangerous) I’m going to London. (umbrella/often wet)
• Practise similar conversations with other cities and countries.
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Week 4 Health A joke Doctor: Young man:
I don’t like your heart action, young man. You have had some trouble with angina pectoris, haven’t you? You’re right in a way, Doctor, only that isn’t her name.
Vocabulary tonsillitis headache cough diet fever heart attack blood spa doctor cold fracture break the leg
angína bolení hlavy kašel dieta horečka infarkt krev lázně lékař nachlazení,rýma zlomenina zlomit si nohu
hospital ill,sick swell patient emergency burn blister blind injury sunstroke tooth, teeth vomit
nemocnice nemocný otéci pacient pohotovost popálit se puchýř slepý úraz úžeh zub, zuby zvracet
• Here are some important things you can do to be fit and healthy. Which do you think are important? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
not smoking regular exercise eating healthy food regular check-ups keeping your weight down drinking no alcohol
Suggest more things. Discuss in groups.
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Debra Levy Debra Levy is a student at Oxford Polytechnic. A year ago she was extremely thin, got headaches, couldn’t concentrate, forgot things and couldn’t sleep. For a long time no one could help her. Her doctor gave her sleeping pills but it worked only for a short while. Then, after talking to a friend with similar problems, Debra began to think she might be allergic to foods and chemicals. She went to see a specialist. The specialist tested her and found out she was allergic to things she ate, breathed and touched. Now Debra is better. She takes medicine but she cannot eat everything. Things like chlorine in drinking water, fumes from cars and chemicals in food all hurt her. She started to drink bottled water and use a special air filter. Debra will finish her studies this year and begin looking for a job. But she is worried that this will be difficult. Most of the jobs that interest her are in London; but she cannot live there because of the polluted air. • Do you know anyone who has similar problems? • What do these words mean? Translate them. thin sleeping pills allergic fumes bottled water • Imagine you are working for an insurance company. Your job is to make up a questionnaire for people who want life insurance. You don’t want to give insurance to anyone who is likely to die soon. • What does a healthy lifestyle mean? Use the expressions below. have a regular daily routine, enough sleep, take a rest, no smoking, no or little alcohol, healthy food, go for walks, jogging
You and your health 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
How important is staying healthy for you? Do you feel your lifestyle is healthy? Do you think vegetarians are healthier than people who eat meat? How much coffee and alcohol do you consider unhealthy? Are people nowadays healthier than in the past? How do you feel when you are sick and have to stay in bed? Should people who have unhealthy lifestyle (smokers or heavy drinkers) pay more for health insurance?
• Student’s book p.98/13 reading
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Human Body Face hair forehead eyebrow eyelash eyelid cheek mouth nose lip neck tongue Body shoulder arm elbow hand finger palm breast chest belly waist leg knee feet toe ankle • Can you guess the meaning of these expressions? to have something on the tip of the tongue to pay an arm and leg for it not to have stomach for it two heads are better than one to have a heart of gold to be all ears • Student’s book p.93/2 word power
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At the doctor’s Useful phrases What is the problem? Co vám schází?
I‘ll prescribe antibiotics for you. Předepíšu vám antibiotika.
I am sick. Není mi dobře.
We’ll get an X-ray. Uděláme rentgenový snímek.
I feel dizzy. Točí se mi hlava.
Breathe deeply. Zhluboka se nadýchněte.
• A conversation A B A B A B A B A
Good morning. What is the problem? I don‘t feel very well. I feel weak. I have a cold and a cough which is getting worse. Do you have the troubles for a long time? For about two weeks. What about a fever? No, no fever. Well, take off your jacket and blouse. I’ll examine you. Do you feel any pain here? Well, a little. Is it anything serious, doctor? It’s bronchitis. I’ll prescribe some medicine for you. Take two tablets every eight hours and remember you cannot drink anything cold. Hot lemon tea will do you good.
• Prepare a similar dialogue. • Writing exercise Describe what you do when you are ill.
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At the chemist’s/At the pharmacy Vocabulary pill drops prescription
tableta kapky lékařský předpis
swallow take plaster
polykat užívat náplast
Useful phrases I have a bad cold and I would like something for it. Jsem silně nachlazen a chtěl bych něco proti tomu. I have a sore throat, I have a cold, a cough and I cannot breathe. Bolí mě v krku, mám rýmu, kašel a nemohu dýchat. How should I use it? Jak se to má užívat? Fifteen drops on a tea spoon four times a day. Patnáct kapek na lžičku 4krát denně. One tablet/pill every four hours. Jednu tabletu po čtyřech hodinách. • A conversation A B A B A
Hello. I wonder if you could help me. I’ve got a bad cold and a sore throat. Can you give me something for it? OK. You can take these three times a day. Thank you. Could I have some tissues as well, please? Sure. Anything else? No, that’s all, thanks.
• Prepare a similar conversation. (you need something for a stomach ache/a cough/toothache/to reduce the fever) • Student’s book p.97/10 containers
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Imperatives -
rozkazovací způsob pro 2. osobu č.j. a mn. č. vyjadřujeme infinitivem bez „to“, bez použití podmětu Go home!
-
Běž domů!
záporný rozkaz vytvoříme pomocí „do“ a záporky not Don‘t go home!
-
Nechoď domů!
rozkazovací způsob 1. osoby mn.č. a 3. osob obou čísel má tento tvar: let + infinitiv Let Peter go home! Let me see. Do I need to go shopping today? Let’s go home.
• Make imperatives. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Write your name with a pen! …………….. an e-mail to your mother. ……………… to the cinema. …………………. a photo of your girlfriend. ……………….. me the time, please. ………………… in the corner.
• Tell your friend not to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
leave the room talk so loudly forget his homework whisper watch TV so much laugh loudly smoke in class look out of the window
Don’t leave the room.
• Make imperatives using “let” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Let John go home at once. (John, go) …………………………………………. the books. (he, read) ……………………………………………the paper. (she, fold) …………………………………………. to the cinema. (we, go) …………………………………………. the room. (we, leave) …………………………………………. an egg. (she, fry) …………………………………………….. the books. (they, bring) …………………………………………… the door. (she, open)
• Translate these sentences 1. Pojď sem!
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2. Zavolej mi ráno. 3. Jdi do postele a spi. 4. Prosím Tě, odpověz na mou otázku. 5. Kupme mu láhev vína. 6. Zeptejme se jí na to. 7. Hledejme ho. 8. Nebuď tak smutný. 9. Nepij to. 10. Nezapomeň! 11. Nepiš jí. 12. Neseďme tady. 13. Nestudujme celý den. 14. Nečekejme tady. 15. Nezůstaňme dnes večer doma.
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Week 5 Opakování - test
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Week 6 Food and cooking How much do you and your family spend on buying food? What’s your favourite meal? Can you prepare it.
Vocabulary bread flour yoghurt mushrooms potatoes pasta spinach cucumber carrot pear almond plum mustard olive oil salt
chléb mouka jogurt žampiony brambory těstoviny špenát okurka mrkev hruška mandle švestka hořčice olivový olej sůl
butter sausages cheese eggs rice dumplings sauce pickle tomatoes strawberry lemon cherries spices pepper horseradish
máslo párky sýr vejce rýže knedlíky omáčka nakládaná okurka rajčata jahoda citron třešně koření pepř křen
• Czech cuisine Potato cakes Ingredients 400g potatoes 125g flour
40g butter or margarine 40g grated cheese salt
Instructions 1. Peel the potatoes and slice them. 2. Put the potatoes in saucepan with some water and a bit of salt and boil them for 20 minutes. 3. Mash the potatoes. 4. Put the mashed potatoes, the flour and the butter or margarine into a bowl and mix them with a fork. 5. Make 12 potato cakes with the mixture 6. Fry the potato cakes in a frying pan until they are brown on both sides. 7. Cover the cakes with the grated cheese. Put them in a dish and keep them warm in the over. Pancakes Here are the ingredients for recipe. 100g flour oil 1 egg salt 250 ml milk sugar • Try to write down your recipe (instructions).
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A lot, much, many, (a) few, (a) little Vyjádření českého “hodně, mnoho” před podstatným jménem záleží v angličtině na počitatelnosti a na tom, zda se jedná o větu kladnou, otázku nebo zápor. Věta oznamovací: u počitatelných i nepočitatelných podst. jmen - a lot of, plenty of A lot of money, a lot of books + many (u počit) - too many cars + much (u nepočit.) – very much snow Otázka a zápor: u počitatelných podst. jmen: many
u nepočitatelných:
much
Vyjádření českého “málo” U počitatelných podst. jmen few
U nepočitatelných podst. jmen little
I don’t know many English words. Do you know many countries? There isn’t much milk in the fridge. Do you drink much coffee?
few books- málo knih few people – málo lidí There were few people in the park. little time – málo času little money – málo peněz There was little food in the fridge.
U počitatelných podst. jmen a few – několik
I wrote a few letters last night.
U nepočitatelných podst. jmen a little – trochu
I spoke a little Spanish.
• How much or how many? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
…………….. states are there in the USA? …………….Coca-Cola is drunk in the world in one day? ……………. planets (Mercury, Venus etc.) are there? ……………. keys are there on a piano? ……………. air is there in our lungs? ……………. Beatles were there? ……………. of a person is water? ……………. calories are there in a litre of water?
• Make sentences (positive, negative, questions) with there is/ there are, some/any. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
fair people in your family books under your chair cheese in your kitchen money in your bag rain in your country today chairs in your bathroom horses near your home ice in your fridge 28
9. doctors in your street 10. ice cream in your fridge • Choose the correct form. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
There aren’t some/any problems. We have very little/a little ice-cream, we need to buy some. He doesn’t earn much/many money. I met Charles a little/ a few times before. Have you visited any/some foreign country before?
• Translate: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Máme málo peněz. Mluvil jsem s několika studenty. Mohu požádat o trochu vody? Textu porozumělo velmi málo žáků. Mohu vám položit několik otázek?
At the restaurant The restaurant Full/empty busy reasonable/expensive clean/dirty noisy All tables are taken. Vše je obsazeno. Is this table free? Je tento stůl volný? The table in the corner/at the window/on the terrace/in the middle. At the table May I take your order? Už máte vybráno? What will you have for a drink? Co si dáte k pití? I’d like … Dala bych si … Would you like anything else? Přejete si ještě něco? No, thanks. I’ve had enough. Ne, děkuji, to mi stačilo. Bring me the bill, please. Přineste mi účet, prosím. The service Slow/quick
friendly/unfriendly
polite/rude
The food Delicious/bad too much/too little Tender/tough (měkký/tuhý) salty
tasty/tasteless greasy (tučný)
overcooked/undercooked
Menu Starters – předkrmy Prawn cocktail – krevetový koktail, stuffed tomato – plněné rajče, cod liver – tresčí játra Soups –polévky Potato/ onion (cibulová)/ garlic (česneková)/ lentil (čočková)/ tripe (dršťková)/ pea (hrachová)/leek (pórková)/ chicken (drůbeží)/ beef broth with noodles (hovězí vývar s nudlemi)
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Main course – hlavní jídlo Fish and seafood – ryby a plody moře Octopus (chobotnice)/ salmon (losos)/ carp (kapr)/ trout (pstruh)/ fish fillet (rybí file)/ Meat – maso Beef (hovězí)/ pork (vepřové)/ lamb (jehněčí)/ mutton (skopové)/ poultry (drůbeží)/ game (zvěřina) Side dishes – přílohy Desserts – zákusky Vegetarian dishes – bezmasá jídla Fast dishes – minutky • Ordering in a restaurant Listening – Changes, page 104 Listen to Tim and Margaret ordering in a restaurant. What did each of them order? What happened then? • What are the missing words in the sentences below?
( ( ( ( ( ( (
Waiter ) ……… I take your order? ) What flavour …………. like? ) OK. And what will you …… to drink? ) Would you ……. anything else? ) ……. you ………a dessert? ) What kind of potatoes …….. you ……, Mashed, baked or French fries? ) ……… you like rice or potatoes?
( ( ( ( ( (
Customer ) I’d ……. chocolate chip. ) I think I ….. like coffee. ) Yes, I … have ice cream, please. ) I …. have French fries, please. ) No, that’ll be all, thanks. ) I ……. have potatoes.
( ) Yes, I …. like fried chicken, please.
• Number the sentences to make the conversation. At the café Read the menu and the text below.
Jack’s café Hamburger and chips Chicken and chips Egg and chips Ham sandwich Cheese sandwich Glass of lemonade Cup of tea Glass of coke
£ 1.40 £ 1.80 99p 75p 65p 38p 20p 45p
Fish and chips Sausage and chips
Glass of milk Cup of coffee
Dan’s food cost less than a pound. Jenny doesn’t eat meat or fish. Kate’s food cost more than Jenny’s. Tim doesn’t like fish. 30
£ 1.20 £ 1.00
15p 35p
Jenny didn’t have chips with her food. Kate and Dan had the same thing to eat. Tim’s food was the most expensive on the menu. Dan didn’t have a sandwich. The total bill for food was £ 4.43. Jenny and Tim had the same drink. Only Kate had a hot drink. Dan had the least expensive drink. Jenny’s drink cost 25p more than Kate’s drink. Now write down what each person had to eat and drink. What was the total bill? • Translate: 1. Bring me the bill, please. 2. Would you like one bill or separate bills? 3. We’ll pay together, please. 4. We’ll pay separately. 5. Here is your bill, please. 6. Is everything included? 7. Would you like to pay in cash, by credit card or by cheque? 8. Keep the change. 9. We have enjoyed it, thank you. 10. The service was perfect. • Writing Have you ever eaten out at a restaurant or café recently? How was it? Write a review of the restaurant and the meal you had there.
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Week 7 Období života Ages and Stages Growing up Age 0-1 1-2 2-12 13-17 18+ 20-30 30-40 40+ 60-65 75+
Stage a baby a toddler a child – this period is your childhood a teenager (14 = early teens) an adult in your twenties (24-26 = mid twenties) in your thirties (38 = late thirties) people are middle-aged, in middle age retirement, when people stop work; they are retired old age (you can also say elderly)
Childhood and adolescence Sam was born in Scotland but when he was two, his father got a new job in London and he grew up in the south of England. He went to university at 18 where he … Romance …. where he met Anthea. He went out with her (= she was his girlfriend; he was her boyfriend) for three years, but towards the end they had lots of rows (= arguments) and they split up (= broke up). In his mid twenties …. Marriage … in his mid twenties he met Maureen. They fell in love and got married within six months. A year later she got pregnant and they had their first child, a boy. She is now expecting their second child (to be pregnant = to be expecting a baby). But sadly Sam met another woman and left Maureen two months ago to live with the other woman. • Are these sentences true or false? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Sam was born in Scotland. He grew up in the south of Ireland. He went out with Anthea for two years. They split up because Sam went to live in Japan. Sam fell in love with Maureen. They had a baby a year after they got married. Maureen is now expecting her third child. Maureen left Sam. (English Vocabulary in Use, S.Redman, CUP)
My Family Let me introduce my family. It consists of four members: mum, dad, me and my brother. My dad’s name is Peter and he is 40 years old. My mum is Ann and she is 38 so my dad is two years older.
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My name is Jane and my brother is John and we are twins. So we are the same age. I am as old as my brother. Daddy gets up very early at 5 o’clock because it takes him more than one hour to get to work. Mum can get up later. She works in the shop near our house. It takes her 5 minutes to get to work. Dad leaves home much earlier than mum does and he returns later because his way from work is longer. My father is the most hard-working person in our family. • Introduce your family • Can you explain? great grandparents grandparents father-in-law mother-in-law uncle aunt sibling cousin grandchild stepbrother an only child • Can you write the opposites? male boyfriend father ………………………….. ………………………….. brother-in-law son ………………………….. brother ………………………….. widower
female ……………………………… ……………………………… wife aunt ……………………………… ……………………………… niece ……………………………… grandmother ………………………………
Pronunciation There are many silent letters in English words. bomb window hard fought Cross out silent letters in these words 1. walk 7. work 2. listen 8. war 3. know 9. island 4. write 10. build 5. eight 11. resign 6. farm 12.daughter (New Headway, Liz and John Soars, UOP)
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Listening Changes pg. 109/ 1 Answer the following questions. 1. What is Birmingham like? 2. What is Buxton like? 3. What do you think the difference between traffic and transport is? Could you explain the differences in English? • Conversation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Living in the city or in the country Where do you live? Which do you prefer living in, in the city or in the country? What are the advantages of living in the city? What are the disadvantages?
• Writing Write at least 20 sentences comparing living in the city and in the country. (use the following expressions: in my opinion, I think, I believe) • Changes pg. 109 Look at the pictures. Choose one and describe it as exact as possible. • Listening pg. 111 Repeat the questions • Changes pg. 112 Vocabulary
Používání členů s některými zeměpisnými názvy Člen určitý se používá s názvy řek, moří a oceánů the Elbe, the Thames, the Black Sea, the Pacific Ocean ale nepoužívá se s názvy jezer a vodopádů Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Niagara Falls !!! pokud název označuje skupinu jezer, je se členem The Great Lakes !!! výjimka : the Great Salt Lake Člen určitý se dále používá s názvy pohoří The Alps, the Himalayas, the High Tatras ale nepoužívá se s názvy jednotlivých hor Sněžka, Mount Fuji, Mount Everest !!! výjimka : the Matterhorn
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Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a country in the middle of Europe. It has an area of about 80 square kilometers and a little bit more than 10 million inhabitants. From a historical point of view it was inhabited by Slavonic tribes in the 5th century. The first established empire was the Great Moravian Empire formed in the 9th century. After World War I the Czechoslovak Republic was established which split into two states in 1993. The country is surrounded by mountains. In their centre, there are plains especially along the big rivers, the Labe (Elbe) and Vltava (Moldau). The climate is mild. We have four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In spring there are often showers and temperatures around 15 degrees. Summers are hot and dry. In winter there is often snow especially in the mountains. The Czech Republic is traditionally an industrial country. The greater part is represented by the engineering industry producing cars, lorries, machinery for big plants and various devices. Also, agriculture is developed enough to produce enough food to cover the consumption of the inhabitants. The republic is an ideal country for tourism in every season of the year. It can offer tourists a lot of unusually beautiful old towns, many castles, historic buildings and monuments, famous spas, popular mountain ranges with ski centres, beautiful lakes and lots of cultural events. In fact, the country can offer foreign visitors all kinds of tourist attractions with one exception – the sea. • Make the comparatives of these adjectives and use them in the sentences below. young easy
important
expensive
useful bad
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
heavy
It’s only a cheap bike. I couldn’t afford anything……………………………. That small dictionary is all right, but a big one would be…………………………… I used to enjoy all kinds of sports when I was…………………………… Let me help you with your bag. It’s much…………………………… than mine. Luckily this year’s exam is much…………………………… than last year’s. I know the children often behave badly, but they were much…………………………… a few years ago when they were…………………………… 7. Last winter was very cold but it seems this year will be even…………………………… 8. Which is……………………………, grammar or vocabulary? 9. My sister is three years…………………………… than me. 10. The weather has been awful - and it’s getting…………………………… 11. Petrol is much…………………………… nowadays.
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• Which word is different? orange
chicken
banana
apple
Chicken is different because it isn’t a fruit. hamburger TV wrote fax brown face talk century funny fall in love
pizza dishwasher kissed e-mail green eye speak clock shy get married
sandwich vacuum cleaner threw CD player delicious mouth chat season nervous get engaged
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recipe washing machine found mobile phone blue leg laugh month worried go to a party
Week 8 Telephoning Telephone calls 1
A: B: A:
Good morning, Czech Ministry for Regional Development. What can I do for you? Good morning. Can I speak to Mrs. Malá? O.K. Hold on. I’ll put you through.
2
A: B: A: B:
Hello. Is that Peter? Yeah. Hi. It’s Jane.
3
A: B: A: B: A:
Hello. Miss Bílá speaking. Hello, this is Mrs. Malá. Could I speak to Mr. Bílek, please? Sorry, he isn’t in. Oh, what a pity. Can I leave a message? Right. Go ahead.
• Listening Changes pg. 116/ 2 • Najděte v textech výrazy se stejným významem. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
I’ll connect you. I’d like to speak to … Could I have your name? I’m ready. One moment.
Vocabulary make a call dial dialing tone engaged tone ringing tone number unobtainable tone pay tone insert a coin local call peak rate
telefonovat vytočit tón, kdy můžete vytáčet obsazovací tón vyzváněcí tón tón, když číslo nereaguje tón, upozorňující, že je třeba vhodit další peníze vhodit minci místní hovor tarif ve špičce
• Doplňte následující telefonní hovory 1
A: B: A: B: A:
Eastbourne 54655. Hello. John here. ___________________ Mary, please? ___________________, please. OK. ___________________, but she is out.
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2
B: A:
Would you tell her I rang? I’d be glad to.
A: B: A: B: A: B: A:
Blackpool 15014. Hello. ___________________James here. Is Alice there, please? ___________________ All right. I think she’s gone shopping. ___________________ask her to call back? Certainly.
• Vyberte si některý z dosud probraných telefonních hovorů a předveďte se sousedem. • Listening Changes pg. 118/ 5 • Listening Changes pg. 118/ 7 • Conversation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
How often do you phone? How much do you spend monthly on phoning? Do you think phone rates in our country are cheap or expensive? What are the advantages of cell phones? Who is the inventor of the phone?
Vyjadřování žádosti pomocí tell a ask vzkaz vyjádřený plnou větou The meeting is cancelled. I have made an appointment.
žádost Please tell them the meeting is cancelled. Would you tell her (that) I have made an appointment Could you tell him I have made an appointment.
vzkaz vyjádřený rozkazem Give me a ring. Call me.
žádost Please tell them to give me a ring. Would you ask her to call me. Could you ask her to call me.
• Vyhledejte příklady v rozhovorech. Changes pg. 117/ 4
Vyjadřování českého aby v angličtině účelový infinitiv Spěchám, abych přišla včas. Studoval, aby zkoušky udělal. Vzali jsme si taxi, abychom nezmeškali vlak.
I’m rushing to get there in time. He studied to pass the exams. We took a taxi not to miss the train.
věty předmětné Řekni mu, aby tam nechodil.
Tell him not to go there.
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Poprosila mne, abych jí pomohl.
She asked me to help her.
použití infinitivu po přídavných jménech Jsem příliš unavený, abych šel na procházku. Je příliš malý, aby jezdil na kole.
I am too tired to go for a walk. He is too small to ride a bike.
• Přeložte 1. Jsi dost starý, abys to věděl. 2. Jela do Británie, aby se naučila anglicky. 3. Maminka chtěla, aby její děti nekouřily. 4. Oblékl si kabát, aby nenastydl. 5. Chceme, aby zůstal s námi. 6. Přijeli příliš pozdě, aby viděli ten film. 7. Jsou příliš zlí, aby nám pomohli. 8. Moji rodiče chtějí, abych úspěšně studoval. 9. Koupil jsem si barvu, abych vymaloval byt. 10. Šetřím peníze, abych si koupil nový počítač. • Write sentences with told 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Tom said to Ann: “Wait for me!” I said to you: “Don’t wait for me.” The man said to me: “Get into the car.” I said to the children: ”Be quiet.” She said to me: ”Don’t lose the key.” Tom said to me: ”Phone me later.” I said to Tom: ”Don’t say anything.”
Tom told Ann to wait for him.
• Write sentences with I went to the … to … Choose from: get some medicine meet a friend catch a train buy some food get some stamps get some money 1. (the station) I went to the station to catch a train. 2. (the bank) 3. (the supermarket) 4. (the post office) 5. (the chemist) 6. (the café) • Finish the sentences with the best ending. Choose from: to open this door to let some fresh air into the room to watch the news to tell him about the party to see the Pyramids to read the newspaper to see who it was 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
to wake them up to get some petrol to clean it
I turned on the television to watch the news. She sat down in an armchair___________________ Do I need a key___________________ The house is dirty but they don’t have time___________________ She opened the window___________________ 39
6. I knocked on their bedroom door___________________ 7. We stopped at a petrol station___________________ 8. A lot of people go to Egypt___________________ 9. I phoned Tom___________________ 10. The doorbell rang, so I looked out of the window___________________
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Week 9 Opakování - test
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Week 10 Clothes What can you buy at these shops? department store supermarket newsagent butcher chemist toys bookshop clothing pharmacy furniture shoes stationery bakery grocery store • Brainstorming. Write down any clothing you are able to say in English.
Vocabulary blouse cap coat jacket trousers jeans shorts suit shirt dress T-shirt pants
halenka čepice kabát sako kalhoty džíny kraťasy oblek košile šaty tričko kalhotky
trunks swimming costume socks bra pyjamas gloves hat skirt sweater scarf tie slips
• Translate these phrases. Can I help you? How much does it cost? What size, please?
Anything else? I’ll take it. I’ll leave it.
• Language note A man is wearing a suit and he is carrying a raincoat. What else can you wear and carry? • Match each of these words with the right part of the body. trainer belt watch gloves tights helmet tie
head hand neck waist foot legs wrist
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pánské plavky dámské plavky ponožky podprsenka pyžamo rukavice klobouk sukně svetr šátek kravata slipy
• Make lists of clothing under the suggested headings. (Doplňte k nadpisům příslušnou slovní zásobu). Use a dictionary if necessary. casual clothing
formal clothing
special occasions
footwear
spring
summer
autumn
winter
Have a conversation with your partner. a) Do you like shopping? Why? I don’t like shopping because… I only like to shop for … b) Where do you prefer buying clothes from, department stores, chain stores, or boutiques? And what about buying on-line or by mail order? I personally prefer … and I really cannot stand shopping … c) Do you often shop in the sales? Yes, because of bargains/discounts … No, it’s not my cup of coffee …. d) Do you enjoy window-shopping? Yes, that’s great … No, it’s wasting of time … e) Do you always try things before you buy them? Yes, always/sometimes/never …. because … f) Name typical woman’s and man’s clothing? A woman usually wears… A man usually wears… Women look very well at … g) Are there any certain colours that suit you better than others? I like … I dislike/I cannot stand … The colours that suit me best are …. because I have ... h) What clothing do you prefer? The most comfortable clothes for me are… i) How much money do you spend on clothing? On average I spend about … j) Do you think clothing is expensive? What are some ways to save money on clothes? 43
I can save money by making own clothes/shopping in second hand stores… k) Are you interested in fashion? I like looking at magazines/on TV … The most important is to look good/feel comfortable … l) What do you think about wearing uniforms at schools? It is good idea because children are not envious … I am absolutely against because … m) What do you think of modeling as a career? That is not my cup of coffee/nothing for me because … n) Which nationality do you think dresses the best? In my opinion … From my point of view … • Writing Describe your attitude to shopping. (120-150 words)
Read and retell the story to your partner. I haven’t got anything to wear Jane: Kate: Jane: Kate: Jane: Kate: Jane: Kate: Jane: Kate: Jane: Kate: Jane: Kate: Jane: Kate: Jane: Kate: Jane: Kate: Jane: Kate: Jane: Kate:
Hello, Kate? What’s the matter? Hello, Jane. I’m going out with Tony tonight, and I haven’t got anything to wear. What about your blue dress? That’s lovely. That old thing? No, it makes me look like a sack of potatoes. Well, why don’t you borrow something of mine? Could I really? Yes, of course. Would you like to? Well, I’d love to. If you really don’t mind. What about that green silk thing? Green silk? Yes, you know. The dress I wore to Andy’s birthday party. Oh, yes. I remember. You’d look great in that. Oooh! And I will lend you my new shoes to go with it. My feet are bigger than yours. I don’t think they are, Kate. Anyway, try the shoes and see. What about a jacket? Have you got any? Not really. Well, have one of mine. Oh, Jane. I feel bad borrowing all your things. That’s all right. What are friends for? Well, thanks a million, Jane. I’d better get moving. Tony’s coming in half an hour. OK. Wait a second. I’ll go and get the dress. Shall I iron it for you? Oh, Jane, …
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• Complete the shopping dialogues with appropriate words and expressions. a)
Shop assistant: Customer:
Can I help you? Not just now, thank you. …………...............................................
b)
Shop assistant: Customer: Shop assistant: Customer Shop assistant: Customer: Shop assistant: Customer: Shop assistant:
Can I help you? Yes, ……………………………………....................................... What size? …………………………………………………………………… Here is a lovely one. ……………………………………………………........................ ₤26.99 ………………………………………………………………........ Of course. The changing rooms are over there.
c)
Shop assistant: Customer: Shop assistant: Customer:
How do they fit, madam? ………………………………………………………………….... No, not in that style.Would you like to see another similar style? …………………………………………………………………....
d)
Shop assistant: Customer: Shop assistant:
That will be ₤35.79, please. ………………………………………………………………….... Yes, Visa, Diner’s Club and American Express.
• Prepare a similar dialogue Student A is a customer buying trousers/jacket/sweater and student B is a shop assistant. • Find a logical order for these sentences (Dejte věty do správného pořadí) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
He took off his trousers. He put his shoes back on. He tried on the suit. He went into the changing room. He took it off.
6. He paid for the suit. 7. He took off his shoes. 8. He went back to the sales assistant. 9. He put trousers on again.
• Discuss in groups “The richer people are, the better they dress.” “The more expensive clothes are, the longer they last.” “Most designer clothes are created by men, which is why normal women can’t wear them.” • Fun Tom: Tim:
“What would you do if you were in my shoes?” “I would polish them.”
• English proverbs (Anglická přísloví) What do they mean? tied to one’s mother’s apron strings. to keep st. under one’s hat She is the one who wears trousers in our family.
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Minulý čas průběhový (Past Continuous) At 8 o’clock I was having breakfast. V osm hodin jsem snídal. -
minulý čas průběhový se tvoří pomocí minulého času slovesa to be a tvaru významového slovesa končícího na –ing (tedy podobně jako přítomný čas průběhový) I was sitting you were standing he was writing
-
seděl jsem stál jsi psal jsi
we were living žili jsme you were shopping nakupovali jste they were studying studovali
otázka se tvoří přehozením podmětu a sloves was/were Were you waiting? Čekal jsi? Yes, I was. Ano, čekal.
-
zápor se tvoří pomocí záporky not I was not listening I wasn’t listening
Was it raining? No, it wasn’t.
Pršelo? Ne, nepršelo.
(was not = wasn’t; were not = weren’t)
neposlouchal jsem neposlouchal jsem
(neztažený tvar) (ztažený tvar)
použití: -
byl-li děj v minulosti přerušen jiným dějem děj, který trval po určitou dobu v minulosti (musí být určeno kdy) děje, které probíhaly současně
Exercises • What were you doing at this time? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
at 6 o’clock in the morning at about 7 in the morning at 10 in the morning at 4 in the afternoon at 6 in the evening at 7.30 in the evening from 8 to 10 8. at 11
• What was the person doing when Mr. Brown entered the office? Example: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
I- (read my newspaper) When Mr. Brown came into the office, I was reading my newspaper. I – (read a detective story) Jane – (drink coffee) Tom – (look out of the window) my colleagues – (talk about the sports results) Mandy – ( type a letter to her friend) No one – (work) Luckily Mr Brown is not our boss.
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• Yesterday you went to a party. This is what you saw when you arrived. Make sentences in the past continuous. When I arrived at the party … Example: Jenny/talk/to Mick Jenny was talking to Mick. 1. Annie and Pete/dance 2. Sarah and Bill/sit/on the sofa 3. Katie/choose a CD 4. Max/drink/champagne 5. Beth and Dave/eat/crisps 6. Justin/show/Lucinda/ a photo 7. Harry/smoke/a cigar 8. James/tell/a joke • Past simple or past continuous? Choose the correct verb form. 1. They fell/were falling in love when they worked/were working in Rome. 2. She read/was reading quietly in her room when suddenly the lights went/were going out and she heard/was hearing a scream. 3. He stood/was standing up, walked/was walking across the room, and closed/ was closing the windows. 4. A young woman walked/was walking into the office. She carried/was carrying a baby. 5. Didn’t you meet/weren’t you meeting your wife while you lived/were living in Italy? 6. I saw/was seeing you in the park yesterday. You sat/were sitting with your arm round Tom. 7. As soon as I walked/was walking into the room, she handed/was handing me the letter. 8. His father was really angry with him because he listened/was listening to music while he did/was doing his homework. 9. Why didn’t they visit/weren’t they visiting me when they stayed/were staying in London? 10. What did you write/were you writing when your computer crashed/was crashing. • Choose the correct form. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
I met/was meeting a friend while I did/was doing the shopping. I paid/was paying for my things when I heard/was hearing someone call my name. I turned/was turning round and saw/was seeing Paula. She wore/was wearing a bright red coat. We decided/were deciding to have a cup of coffee. While we had/were having a drink, a waiter dropped/was dropping plates. We all got/were getting a terrible shock. While the waiter picked/was picking up the broken plates, he cut/was cutting his finger.
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• Translate these sentences. 1. Včera večer v osm hodin jsem seděl v kině. 2. V pátek celý den pršelo. 3. Co jsi dělal v sobotu odpoledne? 4. Proč jsi plakala? 5. Nečekali jsme tam dlouho. 6. Díval se y okna, když začalo svítit sluníčko. 7. Připravoval jsem oběd, když přijeli. 8. Zavolal, když jsem sledovala dobrý film. 9. Napsal ten román, když žil v Africe. 10. Četl jsem noviny, když Betty připravovala snídani.
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Week 11 Curriculum vitae, writing letters and filling in forms Vocabulary form register fill in first name surname marital status single married divorced
formulář zapsat se vyplnit křestní jméno příjmení stav svobodný ženatý/vdaná rozvedený
permanent address occupation nationality date of birth place of birth interests qualifications education signature
trvalé bydliště povolání státní příslušnost datum narození místo narození zájmy kvalifikace vzdělání podpis
Curriculum vitae CV v současné době dáváme přednost tzv. strukturovanému životopisu, který má obsahovat: 1. základní údaje (jméno, příjmení, titul, datum narození, bydliště, rodinný stav) 2. vzdělávací vývoj v časovém sledu (školy, kurzy, osvědčení, certifikáty) 3. profesní vývoj v časovém sledu (praxe, zvláštní schopnosti, stáže) 4. jména osob, které by mohly podat reference
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Example Surname First name Maiden name Date of birth Place of birth Nationality Present address Telephone number Marital status
Novák Josef 28 October 1976 Tábor, the Czech Republic Czech Lázeňská 18, 130 00 Praha 3, the Czech Republic +420 263 562 211 single
Education Prague School of Economics
Faculty of International Relations, 1992 – 1997 Department of International Trade Diploma in business studies Master’s degree
Commercial College
Commercial College, 1990 - 1992 Extended essay on marketing application Final examination Secondary School in Tábor, 1986 – 1990 School leaving certificate
Secondary School
Work experience 1998 – present
1997 – 1998
ABC Marketing Services, the Czech Republic Financial controller. Organizing corporate financial matters, compiling reports and statements, cooperating with sales department. First Commercial Bank, the Czech Republic Credits and loan department. Processing applications, assessing financial standings, tabulating data.
Courses Interests References
Attending evening Italian courses PC programming, tennis, cycling. Mr František Vrba, Assistant Manager First Commercial Bank Šikmá 12, 170 00 Praha 7
Date Signature
21 December, 2003
• Try to write your curriculum vitae.
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Writing Letters -
-
-
-
dopisy rozdělujeme na formální a neformální podle druhu dopisu volíme styl, slovní zásobu, stažené/nestažené tvary, oslovení a rozloučení adresa odesílatele v pravém horním rohu (neuvádíme ale jméno) pod adresou odesílatele uvedeme datum, obvykle v pořadí den/měsíc/rok u formálních a obchodních dopisů jméno a adresa osoby, které píšeme uvádíme na levé straně na stejném řádku jako je datum možnosti oslovení v dopisech: a) křestním jménem: Dear Penny b) titulem nebo příjmením: Dear Ms Hopkins Dear Sir Dear Madam po oslovení ‘Dear X’ následuje čárka, dvojtečka nebo nic dopis můžeme zakončit formálním Yours faithfully pokud jsme v oslovení použili Dear Sir/Madam nebo Yours sincerely za předpokladu, že jsme použili přímo jméno osoby, např. Dear Miss Hawkins neformální rozloučení v dopise: § See you § Yours § Love (ne muž muži!) § Yours …. § With best wishes § With kind regards nezapomene dopis podepsat – křestním jménem(neformální dopis) nebo celým jménem bez titulu (formální dopis)
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Formal example of envelope and letter
The Secretary Hall School of Design 39 Beaumont Street London W4 4LJ
14 Plowden Road Torquay Devon TQ6 1RS Tel 0742 06538 The Secretary Hall School of Design 39 Beaumont Street London W4 4LJ
16 June 1995
Dear Sir or Madam I should be grateful if you would send me information about the regulations for admission to the Hall School of Design. Could you also tell me whether the School arranges accommodation for students? Yours faithfully Keith Parker
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Informal example of envelope and letter
Keith and Ann Sharp 14 West Way House Botley Road Oxford OX3 5JP
22 Green Street London WIB 6DH Phone 071 066 429 19 March Dear Keith and Ann Thanks a lot for a great weekend. We really enjoyed ourselves. Bill and I were talking about the holidays. We thought it might be nice to go camping in Scotland for a couple of weeks. Are you interested? Let me know if you are, and we can talk about dates etc. See you soon, I hope. Thanks again. Love Cathy PS Did I leave a pair of jeans in the bedroom? If so, do you think you could send them on?
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• Write a formal letter. Study advertisements in newspapers, choose an interesting one and write e.g. - an application letter - book a single hotel in a holiday resort - ask for information about your summer school in London • Write an informal letter, e.g. -
invite your friends to a party write for the first time your pen friend living in England and introduce yourself write your best friend and suggest some plans for holidays
Filling in form The International School of English Please write in capital letters First name Family name Date of birth Place of birth Nationality Address in your country E-mail Mobile phone Contact person in case of necessity Languages Occupation Date of arrival Date of departure Reasons for learning English Your level of English How many hours do you want to study? How long are you going to stay at the school? When do you want to start? Do you want to work during your stay in England? Do you have any requests for a host family? Your interests Health Allergy Vegetarian Signature
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• Write your own autobiography (150-200 words).
Učelový infinitiv I got up at six to catch the early morning train. Vstal jsem v šest, abych stihl první ranní vlak. -
účelové věty odpovídají na otázku proč? za jakým účelem? v češtině jsou zpravidla uvedeny spojkou aby je-li v obou větách stejný podmět, vyjádříme účelovou větu v angličtině takto: to – aby not to – aby ne
I sent John to the butcher’s to buy some meat. Poslal jsem Johna k řezníkovi, aby koupil maso. He went to Germany to learn German. Jel do Německa, aby se naučil německy. I hurried not to miss my bus. Pospíchal, aby nezmeškal autobus. - pro podstatná jména používáme for + podstatné jméno They are going to Scotland for a holiday. Jede na prázdniny do Skotska. We need some money for food. Potřebujeme peníze na jídlo.
Exercises • Finish the sentences. Choose from the box to open this door to watch the news 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
to wake him up to read the newspaper
to see who it was to get some fresh air
I turned on TV to watch the news. Alice sat down in an armchair ………………………………………………………….. Do I need a key ………………………………………………………………………… I went for a walk by the river …………………………………………………………... I knocked on the door of David‘s room ………………………………………………... The doorbell rang, so I looked out of the window ……………………………………...
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• Use your own ideas to finish the sentences I went to the shop ………………………………………………………………………………. I’m very busy. I haven’t time to ………………………………………………………………... I phoned Ann …………………………………………………………………………………… I’m going out …………………………………………………………………………………… I borrowed some money ………………………………………………………………………... • Put to or for 1. Paula went to the shop to buy some bread. 2. We went to a restaurant ………….have dinner. 3. Robert wants to go to university ………….. study economics. 4. I’m going to London …………. visit some friends of mine. 5. I’m going to London ……………. an interview next week. 6. Have you got time …………….. a cup of coffee. 7. I got up late this morning. I didn’t have time ……………. wash. 8. Everybody needs money ………….. live. 9. The office is very small. There’s space only …………. a desk and chair. 10. A: Excuse me, are you waiting ………….. use the phone? B: No, I’m waiting …………. somebody. • Translate 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Jsem příliš unavený na to, abych šel na procházku. Můj syn je moc malý na to, aby jezdil na kole. Je moc líná na to, aby vařila pro svou rodinu. Přijeli jsme příliš pozdě na to, abychom viděli ten film. Tato píseň je příliš těžká na to, abych ji hrál.
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Week 12 Travelling Fun Air hostess: Passenger:
‘You will have to change twice, in Frankfurt and in New York, before you get to Los Angeles.’ ‘Goodness me! And I only have the clothes I’m standing up in!’
Vocabulary extension bus bike motorbike lorry van coach train plane platform miss hotel B&B visa sights
autobus kolo motorka nákladní auto dodávka dálkový autobus vlak letadlo nástupiště zmeškat hotel nocleh se snídaní vízum památky
package tour trip full board half board suitcase ticket passport accommodation delay rush hour travel fever luggage petrol station car rental
zájezd výlet plná penze polopenze kufr jízdenka pas ubytování zpoždění dopravní špička cestovní horečka zavazadlo čerpací stanice půjčovna aut
Information signs • Can you guess the meaning of the signs? Departures and arrivals Customs Entrance Exit Passenger check in Cancelled due to bad weather
Left-luggage room Waiting room Information Restaurant Tickets Subway crossing
• Look at the types of transport in the Key Words and complete the table. Key words:
plane, balloon, bicycle, boat, bus, car, coach, ferry, helicopter, lorry, motorbike, hovercraft, lorry, motorbike, ship, train, underground, van, yacht
travel on land travel by sea travel in the air cause pollution have got wheels • Match these Key Words with the definitions. Key words:
commuter, cyclist, lorry driver, motorist, pedestrian 57
someone who rides a bicycle someone who drives a car someone who regularly travels a long way to work someone who travels on foot someone whose job is driving a lorry
Before you start • Discuss in groups. 1. Do you use a bicycle? How often? 2. Are bicycles popular in your country/town/city? 3. What are advantages of bicycles over cars?
Return of the White Bikes! In the 1960’s, some students had an idea. They painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them around Amsterdam for people to use. They hoped to save energy, reduce pollution and provide free public transport. It didn’t work – thieves took all the bicycles within weeks! However, more than thirty years later, the “white bike” is back in town – this time with a computer chip to record its every move! To take a bicycle, you have to insert a special card. The new “white bike” is an unusual design with bright colours so there’s no point in stealing one – everyone would know! There is already less traffic in central Amsterdam, because both locals and tourists use the white bikes. Did you know? The Netherlands has the highest proportion of bicycles in the world – 14 million bicycles between 15 million people. • Discuss in groups. Do you think the “white bikes” would be good for your town or city? Why?
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Before you start • Discuss in groups. 1. Do you have a car? Does your family have a car? 2. How often do you travel in it? 3. What car would you like to have? Why?
The Road to Destruction Jasper Stevenson looks at our addiction to cars. ‘This morning it took me forty minutes to get to work. More roadworks on the A10!” “Oh really?” “It took me over an hour. There was an accident on the M11.” “You’re both lucky. It took me two hours! You don’t have to use the M25.” How often do you hear these conversations? How often do we get stucked in traffic jams? How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out, tired and angry? For many people in Britain the answer is every day. Here are some more figures: • • • • • • •
There are now 25 million cars in the country Over three thousand people die every year in road accidents in Britain Traffic produces ozone which can reach dangerous levels in the summer Twenty-five thousand deaths per year are caused by air pollution One in seven children in Britain suffers from asthma Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change
We know that cars are bad for us. So why do we carry on using our cars so much? We all make excuses: “The buses are terrible”. “The trains are always late!”. “I haven’t got time to walk.” I’m talking about myself too. I confess: I’m addicted to my car. When I asked Jenny Trowe of Greenpeace for advice about how to give up, she told me six things. Use your legs. Over 25% of car journeys are under two miles – short journeys we could easily walk or cycle. Leg power can save you money, keep you fit and help you live longer. And regular exercise cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%. Use public transport On average, about forty people travel in one bus, while the same number occupy thirty-three cars. Sometimes it can take a little bit longer, but so what? You can relax on the bus or train, read a book, talk to someone, meet the love of your life – who knows? Think before you go Do you really have to go to that shopping centre on the other side of town? What about the shops around the corner? Before you get into your car, think about whether you really need to make that journey. Share cars If you really have to use a car, share journeys with someone else. It is much cheaper and kinder to the environment.
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Don’t believe adverts! Nearly a quarter of all the adverts on TV are about cars. You see an attractive man or woman driving a fast car through beautiful countryside. It’s not true! The new car won’t make you sexier or more attractive. And you won’t be driving on an empty country road. You’ll be stuck in a traffic jam in a city or on motorway! Take action We often think there is nothing we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic. There is. If your street is full of heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it. Write to the papers. Go the town council. Ask for a speed limit. Ask for zebra crossing or pedestrian area. Get a protest group together. Don’t just sit around and complain! All is quite simple, isn’t it? Six easy ways to improve our environment. well, I’m sorry I must finish this article. I’ve got to pick up my daughter from school at four o’clock. Then I have to drive to Sainsbury’s to do the shopping. After that I have to take my son to a party. And tomorrow we’re driving over to see my mother. The traffic’s going to be awful, but what can we do? • Read the article again and answer these questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
What are the A10, the M11 and the M25? What effect does traffic have on people? Why do people make excuses? What does Jenny Trowe think about car adverts on TV? How does she think we should change our lifestyles? Can you guess meaning of these words? addiction on average traffic jam share accident noise pollution speed limit excuse zebra crossing
• Over to you Discuss in groups. How often you use a car and how often the public transport means. Are the traffic problems in the Czech Republic better or worse or the same as those in Britain? Are there lots of adverts for cars on TV in our country? What should the government do about the traffic problems? • Writing task Write a report (100 – 120 words) for your school magazine about the transport situation where you live. Follow these stages: Stage 1 Think about the area where you live. Make a list of the advantages and disadvantages of the transport system. Consider following things: buses, trains, bicycles, cars, roads, pedestrian areas, car parks Stage 2 Use the information to write a report. Think of changes (roads, numbers of cars). 60
Stage 3 Check your report. • Explain the meaning of each of these sentences. Use a dictionary if necessary. 1. 2. 3. 4.
He is driving me mad. Just follow your nose. She is on the way to becoming a very good teacher. I hate to be the one to desert/leave the sinking ship, but I can’t stand it around here any more. 5. Travel broadens the mind.
Budoucí čas Will Tom will come at three. Will you come, too? We will drink wine. -
budoucí čas tvoříme pomocí will nebo shall (1. os.č.j. a mn.) a významového slovesa shall se v oznamovací větě používá zřídka v otázce shall I? shall we? ve významu mám, máme něco udělat
I will come you will come she will come -
Tom přijde ve tři. Přijdete také? Budeme pít víno.
přijdu přijdeš přijde
we will come you will come they will come
přijdeme přijdete přijdou
zápor se tvoří pomocí záporky not (will not) v mluveném projevu will not obvykle zkracujeme na won’t, shall not na shan’t
I will not come. Nepřijdu. You will not read the book. Nebudeš číst tu knihu. It will not be easy. Nebude to jednoduché. -
otázka začíná pomocným slovesem will nebo shall
Will she buy a new dress? Will it be enough? Shall I come at six? Shall we stay?
Koupí si nové šaty? Bude to stačit? Mám přijít v šest? Máme zůstat?
Použití -
pomocí will vyjadřujeme rozhodnutí, záměr nebo nabídku nejedná se o děj předem plánovaný, ale o spontánní rozhodnutí v momentě promluvy
• React with the structure will. Example:
Mr Brown: You:
I’ll be very busy tomorrow. I’ll be very busy tomorrow, too.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
I’ll be very busy on Monday. I’ll get up early. I’ll have a lot of work in my office. I’ll stay till 4 o’clock. Then I’ll hurry home. We’ll have dinner at six. We’ll go to the cinema in the evening.
• Answer very briefly these questions, use short answers. Example:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Will you be at home tonight? Will you go for a walk?
Yes, I will. No, I won’t.
Will you be at home tomorrow? Will you go shopping today? Will you start work at eight tomorrow? Will you stay at home at the weekend? Will you go to the country on Sunday? Will you have an English class on Saturdays? Will you do all these exercise?
Přítomný průběhový čas (Present Continuous) -
používáme pro děj plánovaný, který se uskuteční v blízké budoucnosti ( obvykle s časovým údajem ) jedná se o děje vztahující se k lidem
I’m leaving tonight. What are you doing tomorrow morning? I’m seeing the doctor in the morning.
Dnes večer odjíždím. Co děláš zítra ráno? Ráno jdu k lékaři.
Vazba going to + infinitiv -
se používá pro vyjádření úmyslu (hodlám, chystám se) nebo předpovědi o blízké budoucnosti
I am going to leave soon. He is going to be a dentist when he grows up. He is going to sell his house. -
Chystám se brzy odjet. Chce být zubařem, až vyroste. Bude prodávat svůj dům.
pozorujeme-li příznaky toho, že se něco stane
She is going to have a baby. Our team is going to win the match.
Bude mít dítě. (Už je těhotná). Náš tým vyhraje ten zápas.
Exercises • What are you going to do ….? 1. 2. 3. 4.
tonight tomorrow afternoon on Saturday afternoon on Sunday
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• Will or going to? 1. A Why are you wearing your old clothes? B Because I …………………….. (wash) the car. 2. A Why are you making sandwiches? B Because we …………………… (have) a picnic on the beach. A What a lovely idea! I ……………….. (get) the towels and the swimming costume. 3. A I am going now! Bye! B Bye! What time …………….. you ……………….(be) back tonight? A I don’t know. I …………………. (call) later. 4. A I have not enough money to pay for my ticket. B It’s OK. I ……………………. (lend) you some. • Choose the correct verb form. 1. ‘My bag is so heavy.’ ‘Give it to me. I’ll carry/I’m going to carry it for you.’ 2. I bought some warm boots because I’ll go/I’m going skiing. 3. ‘Tony’s back from holiday.’ ‘Is he?’ I’ll give/I’m going to give him a ring. 4. ‘What are you doing tonight?’ ‘We’ll see/we’re going to see a play at the theatre.’ 5. You can tell me your secret. I won’t tell/I’m not going to tell anyone. 6. Congratulations! I hear you’ll get married/you’re going to get married. 7. ‘I need to post these letters.’ ‘I’ll go/I’m going shopping soon. I’ll post/I’m going to post them for you.’ 8. ‘Now, holidays. Where will you go/are you going this year? ‘We don’t know yet.’ 9. ‘Why have you got so many eggs?’ ‘Because I’ll make/I’m going to make an omelette. 10. ‘Why are you working so hard these days?’ ‘Because I’ll/I’m going to buy a car, so I’m saving as much as I can.’ • Translate 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Co děláš dnes večer? Přijde v pondělí na oběd. Zavolám mu dnes večer. Koupí mu k narozeninám nové hodinky. Dnes večer mi půjčí auto.
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6. Jsem si jist, že se mi bude líbit jeho nový byt. 7. Brzy půjdu domů 8. V létě navštívíme jeho tetu v Americe. 9. Bude tomu článku rozumět? 10. Už ho znovu nepozve. • Holiday Travel • • • • • • •
How did you use to spend your holidays in your childhood? Do you travel with a travel agency or on your own? Why? Do you prefer active or passive holiday? What school trips did you take with your primary or secondary school? Do you prefer summer or winter holidays? Why? What countries would you like to visit? How do you prepare for a holiday trip abroad?
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Week 13 Test
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Week 14 Oprava testu a zápočty
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