Wayang Kulit Sekilas Pandang Lihatlah gambar di bawah ini.
Apa nama pertunjukan ini? Apa Anda pernah menonton pertunjukan seperti ini? Kalau iya, kapan, di mana? Anda suka pertunjukan itu? Kenapa?
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A Wayang Performance The word wayang is of Javanese origin and has the same meaning as bayang 'shadow' in Indonesian. The shadow puppets are made from kulit kerbau 'buffalo hide' and that is why they are called wayang kulit. Traditionally this is an open air performance under the stars using a temporary bamboo platform in the village square. The dalang 'puppeteer' and the musicians of the 'Gender Wayang' orchestra sit cross-legged on the platform while a fine cotton screen separates them from the audience. As the platform is open, the audience can either face the screen, or can watch the dalang at work. Modern wayang performances often imitate the way performances are consumed in Western theatres where the mechanics of the show is hidden. Not so in traditional performances where the audience is free to sit where they want, and they are neither expected to watch the entire show. While the performance goes on people will sit and chat, mothers breastfeed their babies while the larger children are allowed to run around freely. A wayang performance is not merely a play, but is deeply embedded in the cosmology of the Javanese people. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang
Mendengarkan Urutkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut dengan memberi nomor 1-6 sesuai dengan alur cerita yang Anda dengar. Number these sentences according to the order of the story. (___ ) Boneka wayang terbuat dari kulit. (___ ) Wayang kulit adalah pertunjukan drama tradisional populer. (___ ) Penonton duduk di depan layar. (___ ) Pertunjukan diiringi alat musik gamelan. (___ ) Pertunjukan dimainkan oleh seorang dalang. (___ ) Pertunjukan dimainkan pada malam hari.
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Kosakata Lengkapilah teks di bawah dengan kata-kata berikut. Setiap kata hanya boleh dipakai sekali. Complete the following text using the words provided. Each word can only be used once. pertunjukan
dimainkan
dibuat
penonton
bayangan
memainkan
alat musik
Wayang kulit adalah _____________ drama tradisional yang sangat populer di pulau Jawa. Wayang kulit _____________ dengan boneka wayang yang terbuat dari kulit. Biasanya pertunjukan dimainkan pada malam hari dan bisa memakan waktu sampai sembilan jam. Di belakang sebuah layar ada lampu. _____________ pertunjukan wayang kulit duduk di depan layar. Mereka hanya bisa melihat _____________ boneka wayang. Pertunjukan wayang dimainkan oleh seorang dalang yang duduk di belakang layar untuk _____________ wayang. Pertunjukan wayang ini diiringi dengan _____________ gamelan.
Percakapan Simak dan latih percakapan berikut dengan teman sekelas Anda. Listen to the dialog and practice it with a class-mate. Dita
Ton...
Toni
Apa, Ta?
Dita
Aku sudah lama sekali tidak menonton wayang.
Toni
Oh ya, masih ingat dulu kita menonton Ramayana di Yogya?
Dita
Iya, asyik sekali. Tadi aku baca ada pertunjukan Ramayana di teater Koma.
Toni
Oh ya, kapan? Setiap hari?
Dita
Masih ada dua pertunjukan lagi. Besok dan lusa. Bagaimana kalau besok kita ke sana? Mau?
Toni
Mau sekalilah. Karcisnya mahal tidak?
Dita
Nggak begitu mahal, kalau tidak salah Rp. 40.000.
Toni
Oke, besok aku jemput kamu di rumah ya.
Dita
Oke, sampai besok.
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Pemahaman Simaklah percakapan antara Dita dan Toni di teater kemudian jawablah pertanyaan berikut. Listen to the dialogue between Dita and Toni at the theatre and answer the following questions. 1. Bagaimana pertunjukannya, bagus atau tidak? _____________________________________________________ 2. Mengapa Toni suka pertunjukan tersebut? _____________________________________________________ 3. Apa yang Dita sukai dari pertunjukan tersebut? _____________________________________________________ 4. Bagaimana kondisi ruangan teater? _____________________________________________________ 5. Sebaiknya Toni membawa jaket supaya apa? _____________________________________________________
Names in Indonesia Indonesians have the habit to shorten names, reducing it to either the first or the last few elements. Toni calls Dita by using the last syllable of her name 'Ta', while Dita abbreviates Toni's name to 'Ton' – although occasionally a person who is named Toni can also be called 'To' or 'Ni'. A male named Budi may be called Bud or Di while a woman named Lastri may go as Las or Tri. Did you know that most Indonesians do not have family names? A person may have more than one name but non of them is necessarily a family name, and it is also often unpredictable by what name he is called. Agus Arifin may either be called Agus (Gus), or Arifin which is often shortened to Ipin as Indonesians usually substitute f with p in the spoken language. While Indonesians can have more than one name, many Indonesians only have a single name (such as the former presidents Sukarno and Suharto). Some ethnic groups have family or clan names as the the Chinese Indonesian historian Ong Hok Ham or the Batak poet Sitor Situmorang.
Tata Bahasa Pembentukan kata kerja dengan awalan MeNPrefix Me-
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Verbs start with letter ….
Verbs Me-
l, r, w, y, m, ng, ny, n
melihat
contoh:
merusak
lihat, rusak, nyanyi
menyanyi
Mem-
Men-
Meng-
Meny-
Menge-
b, f, p (dropped), v
membeli
contoh:
memukul
beli, pukul, vonis
memvonis
c, d, j, t (dropped), z
mencuri
contoh:
mendengar
curi, dengar, tulis
menulis
a, e, i, o, u, g, h, k (dropped)
mengambil
contoh:
menghapus
ambil, hapus, kira
mengira
s (dropped) sapu monosyllabic word pel, cat, bom
menyapu mengepel mengecat mengebom
Latihan Ubahlah kata-kata yang di kurung menjadi kata kerja berawalan meN-. 1.
Anita harus __________ surat itu minggu ini. (kirim)
2.
Jangan lupa __________ kalau Anda sudah sampai di Yogyakarta. (telepon)
3.
Teman saya tidak bisa __________ pertunjukan itu karena karcisnya sudah habis. (tonton)
4.
Beni mau __________ sebuah kamera. (beli)
5.
Setelah selesai, saya akan __________ kamu pulang. (antar)
6.
Kru film itu sedang __________ para pemain di bandara. (jemput)
7.
Anak-anak __________ lantai setiap hari Sabtu. (pel)
8.
Dia __________ tokoh raja yang baik hati. (mainkan)
9.
Bapak Sumandhi __________ kami bermain gamelan Bali. (ajar)
10.
Para pejabat itu __________ acara peresmian teater baru itu. (hadiri)
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11.
Dalam pertunjukan itu, anak saya __________ tokoh yang sangat nakal. (jadi)
12.
Jangan ribut! Anda bisa __________ latihan mereka. (ganggu)
Tata Bahasa Consecutive Relationship — Sehingga Sehingga, expresses consecutive relationship. They are closely related to the conjunctions oleh karena itu, jadi, and maka. We can identify two meanings of sehingga, but we are mainly interested in the figurative meaning because this is the most frequently occurring form: 1. Sehingga has a meaning similar to sampai ‘until’. Anak-anak muda itu tidak tidur sehingga pagi hari. Sometimes, if sehingga has this meaning, it is shortened to hingga: Saya menunggu hingga kamu datang. 2. Sehingga has a figurative meaning ‘so that’, ‘with the result that’, ‘to the extent that’: Dia selalu bekerja dengan rajin, sehingga dia diangkat menjadi direktur perusahaan itu. Ia tidak sungguh-sungguh belajar, sehingga tidak lulus ujian. Purposive Relationship — Supaya Purpose is expressed by the use of supaya 'that, so that, in order that'. The negative form is supaya jangan or supaya tidak. A clause introduced by supaya has a subject. The subordinate clause may take a front or back position, and thus the conjunction may be placed either at the beginning of the sentence or in the middle of the sentence: Supaya tidak kedinginan, sebaiknya Anda membawa jaket. You’d better bring a jacket so you won’t be cold. Dia harus bekerja keras, supaya berhasil. He has to work hard in order to be successful. The subject can be ellipted when the main clause contains a transitive verb of intent: For more information on supaya consult Sneddon's Indonesian Reference Grammar, 3.119-3.129.
Mari Bermain
A. Sketsa You and your friends are planning a drama performance that will be held in two months. Discuss what can be done to prepare for the performance. Decide your role and what you will do using the ‘meN-’ prefix for the verbs that you use to describe your job. e.g:
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–
Saya akan membuat poster pertunjukan drama.
–
Jangan lupa, Anda harus menyiapkan kostum para pemain.
–
Saya dan Hani akan mengirimkan undangan untuk para dosen.
Here are examples of words that you can use for your conversation: menelepon, menjual, mengumumkan, menghubungi, menempel, melatih, membersihkan, menyiapkan, membantu, memberitahu, dll. B. Kalau Anda, bagaimana? Form groups of three. Student A will provide a base word. Student B will make a sentence using the meN- verb of the base word. After that, student B provide a base word and student C will make a sentence using the meN- verb of the base word. Repeat this activity. Contoh: Murid A: main Murid B: Memainkan. Dalang memainkan wayang kulit. Murid B: tonton. Murid C: Menonton. Para penonton menonton di depan layar.
Menulis Write a short composition about a performance that you watched recently. What do you think of it? What aspect of the performance you like? Which ones you don’t like? You can use the following composition as a model. Minggu lalu saya menonton sebuah pertunjukan kesenian Indonesia di kampus. Pertunjukan tersebut diadakan pada jam 6 sore. Banyak penonton yang hadir dan menonton tarian, lagu dan cerita rakyat dari Indonesia. Pertunjukan itu sangat menarik. Saya paling suka dengan tarian dari Aceh. Tarian ini dibawakan oleh sepuluh penari dan satu penyanyi. Mereka memakai baju indah berwarna-warni dan menari dengan lincah. Penampilan mereka sangat memukau para penonton. Pertunjukan tersebut berlangsung selama satu setengah jam. Pada jam 7.30 acara tersebut selesai.
Tata Bahasa You certainly already know that passive voice in Indonesian is expressed by using the prefix diwhich is attached to the verb instead of meN-: Buku itu dibaca. The book is being read.
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We can include an agent, but the agent must be either a noun or a third person pronoun (ia, dia, mereka). Here it is a noun (anak tetangga). Optionally the agent can be preceded by oleh (by) Buku itu dibaca (oleh) anak-anak tetangga. The book is being read by the neighbour's children. The agent can also be a third person pronoun: Buku itu dibaca (oleh) mereka. The book is being read by them. The third person singular pronouns ia and dia are rendered -nya: Buku itu dibacanya. The book is being read by him/her. The di-Passive is also known as Passive Type 1. Remember that PT1 can only be used when 1) there is no agent, or 2) when the agent is a noun, or 3) when the agent is a third person pronoun. In Indonesian, passive 2 must be used when the agent is a first or second person pronoun ( I, we, you). With a third person pronoun (ia, dia, mereka), we have the choice of using either Passive Type 1 or Passive Type 2. Kalimat
Pasif 1
Pasif 2
Dalang memainkan wayang kulit.
Wayang kulit dimainkan (oleh) dalang.
not possible because the agent is a noun
Dia membeli tiket teater.
Tiket teater dibelinya.
Tiket teater dia beli.
Saya menjemput kamu jam 7 malam.
not possible because the agent is a first person pronoun.
Kamu saya jemput jam 7 malam.
Passive 2 is formed in the following pattern: Subject + Agent + Passive 2 verb ·Tiket teater (subject) dia (agent) beli (passive verb) The passive verb is formed by omitting any prefix and keeping the suffixes attached to it. E.g. the verb ‘memainkan’ is changed into ‘mainkan’ in passive 2.
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Latihan Pasif Gantilah kata kerja (verb) di dalam kurung menjadi kata kerja pasif 2. 1
Aktris itu mereka __________ karena dia sangat terkenal. (memilih)
2
Iklan pertunjukan drama ‘Rama dan Sinta’ kami __________ tadi siang. (menempelkan)
3
Tokoh yang dia __________ sangat jahat. (memerankan)
4
Ari Wibowo, aktor terkenal Indonesia itu mereka __________ dengan harga tinggi. (membayar)
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Dokumen penting itu harus Anda __________ sekarang. (menandatangani)
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Instruksi yang Anda __________ sangat tidak jelas. (memberikan)
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Anda sudah saya __________ tiket untuk pertunjukan nanti malam. (membelikan)
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Film komedi itu sudah kami __________ beberapa kali. (menonton)
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Kontrak itu sudah Pak Sutrisno __________? (menyetujui)
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Tarian Saman akan kami __________ dalam acara malam kesenian Indonesia. (menampilkan)
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