THE ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING STRATEGY

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 15th August 2017. Vol.54. No.1 © 2012-2017 TIJOSS & ARF. All rights reserved ISSN 2305-4557

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THE ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING STRATEGY Murtir Jeddawi1, Sadu Wasistiono2,Marja Sinurat3, Tantri Lisdiawati4 ABSTRACT This paper examines one of regional development planning; the approaches of regional development planning that has been set in law number 25 year 2004 about the system of national development planning PP 8 year 2008, and affairs minister regulation number number 54 year 2010. The approaches planning that has been mentioned is top to bottom,bottom to top, partisipative, technocratic, and politic. The purpose of the planning is to bring the consistency of the development planning. But in fact, those approaches are not yet able to produce the acomodative and consistent planning document. Related to the problem above,the approaches which is taken by the government of Bandung in arranging the regional development plan are not yet able to produce the consistency of regional development plandocuments, especially the RKPD year 2015 with RPJMD, whereas the RKPD is the explanation of RPJMD. This research is conducted by collecting thedata through the real study,interview,and reviewing the documents. One of the advantages of the planning is expected that there was a briefing of the activity, and also the guidelines for the implementation of this activity in order to reach the development goals. So that the planning of the development should produce the plan that covers and include all of the aspects and development sectors which will be synergize each other. Hence, the strategic planning in the form of document is needed. Development is a process of transformation which is a breaktrough of the the economic condition that stopped (stagnant) into the continiously cumulative growth. So that the development are suistainably done. The result of this research illustrate that the approaches of the regional development plan are produce 99,37% consistency of the program in 2015 RKPD and 97% in 2016. But the consistency indication of performance in 2015 are just 13,6 % and 10,3 in 2016. So, there are the alternative regional developomet planning strategy; TANTRI (top down,act locally,nature,technocratic,regional,interactive)

1

A Lecturer of IPDN A Lecturer of IPDN 3 A Student of IPDN, NIM. DIP.02.082 2

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yet answer the needs of the society and not in accordance with the purpose of the leaders and solve the strategic issues. Based on the background and also the issues, the documents about the development and planning should be arranged as a basis of the implementer. It similar with the statement which said by Pawlak (2004:XII) said that planning is presented as an extended, goal directed activity carried out in stages with tasks that should be undertaken in orderly, progressive manner. Beside that, Waterston (1978:8) define about the planning “planning may be used for a variety of purposes, from the preparation and execution of programs for putting man on the moon or into outer space ,to management of enterprice,a city,a region or a nation”, so that the use of planning is definined very broadly.

A. PREFACE The establishment of law number 23 of 2014 as the replacement of the law number 32 of 2004 concerning about local governance, reaffirms the government affairs between the arrangements of the government. The law on chapter 9 emphasizes that the affairs of the government are classified into absolute government affairs, general government affairs and concurrent government affairs. On the chapter 11 paragraph 1, the concurrent government affairs which is the regional authority, are consist of a mandatory government and the chosen affairs. The previous rule is law number 32 of 2004 chapter 10 limitedly emphasize the central government affairs; foreign policy, defense, security, monetary, national fiscal, and religion. For the governance affairs, the government was also acquainted with the obligatory affairs, and the chosen affairs, but use the criteria of externality, accountability, and efficiency by paying attention to the suitability of the government arrangement. The freedom in organizing the government according to each regional characters is the characteristic of Unitarian country. The existence of the local government is as the implementer of the governance based on the authority that given by the central government. Related to that issues, the development is a process and a societal changed that divided into several phases and there are a guidance which has been set in every phases according to the timeframe. The implementing of those development program must be sustainable over time. As an effort to reach the purpose of those development to prosper the society so that the regional development planning which is arranged by using several approaches like bottom up, top down, partisipative, politics, and technocratic is are not

B. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The theories which used in this research is a theories and concept of the governance especialy a role of the country and a role of the government in implementing the governance, theories and concept of planning, theories and concepts of development, also theories and concept of strategy. Wilson (Strong, 2015:7) said that a country is consist of people which controlled by law in a certain territorial borders. It means that the country is a society where these people acting in accordance with the applicable laws in those region. Related to the definition of the country , its clear that a country need a control of people in those country which have certain authority in accordance with its function, so that there are the established of the government system to organize the people in certain region. The essential function of government according to Rasyid

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(1997:45), service, empowering, and development. Something that will be produced by that services are justice in society, the empowering will encourage the self-reliance of society, and the development will create the prosperity of society. Related to the function of government in development, government should arrange the development planning documents. Similar with the statement which said by Pawlak (2004:xii) it said that planning is presented as an extended, goal directed activity carried out in stages with tasks that should be undertaken in orderly, progressive manner. According to Nitisasro (Winarno,2013:38) development is a process which is according to time, a transformation process which is a breakthrough from the economic condition which stopped (stagnant) into the continuously cumulative growth. The sustainable development explained by Drexhage and Murphy (Winarno,2013:154) it said that the development which meets the needs of presebt without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own need. so that, its clear that the sustainable development is a development that conducted according to the results of the previous development. To make the sustainable development can be implemented effectively and efficiently it will need a strategy. It similar with Ohmae (Salusu, 2015:66) strategy is a work plan to maximize the power of a group in facing various strength in business sector. Explaiined by Mintzberg (2002: 9) strategy as plan is “strategy deals with how leaders try to establish direction for organization, to set them on predetermined courses of action. Mintzberg (heene, 2010:54) explained that strategy contains at least 5 meanings;

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

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A planning to clarify the direction which taken by the organization,rationall y realize the long term goals. The reference which related to the consistency assessment or inconsistency of behavior also the action which done by the organization Positioning angle which choosen by the organization when there is a tasks. A perspective related to the vision whivh integrated in around the organization that becomes a boundary for its activity The details of tactical steps of the organization which contain an information to trick the competitors.


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Along with those issues, the concept of the development according to Rustiadi (2009:119) is as a continuous process of development of a social system towards a better life. So it is clear that the certain strategy in a development planning is needed. Related to the strategy, Mintsberg (2002:9) explain that strategy as a plan is “strategy deals with how leaders try to establish direction for organization, to set them on predetermines courses of action” this statement emphasize that the strategy arrangement is a result of formula which considers various factors that affect it, so that the goals of the organization that has been set will be reached through certain steps. Poister (heene, 2010:84) said that the strategic planning in the public is reflected an approaches.

administration methodology, started with some phenomena in government which attract the attention, then there are a study to observe that. The technique of collecting the data is done by documentation, record, archives, interview, direct observation, participant observation and physical devices Yin (2015:103). In this research the data collected through the documentation, interview and direct review. The analysis technique in this research is done by data reduction, present the data, and draw a conclusion. D. DISCUSSION / RESULT OF THE RESEARCH To get the information about regional development strategy which those approaches has been used by the government of Bandung in arranging the RKPD, researcher have a visit to Bandung, several things that researchers do is have a visit to some districts where the bottom up planning approaches are implemented, then conduct an interview and have a discussion with the stakeholders which involve in preparation of 2015 RKPD. Beside that researcher has been review the documents and evaluate the 2015 RKPD, 2015 APBD, and RPJMD of Bandung.

C. RESEARCH METHOD This research use a case studies method. According to Sullivan (2008:40), “case studies are studies that examine in some depth person, decisions, programs, or other entities that have unique characteristic of interest”. Associated with it, researcher will observing the phenomena which related with regional development plan. According to Wasistiono (2014:124) case studies in public

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Implementation of planning strategy approaches which implemented in Bandung in the preparation of RKPD is as it follow:

BOTTOM UP

POLITICAL

PARTICIPATIVE

APPROACHES

APPROACHES TOP DOWN TECHNOCRATIC

Picture 4.2

The planning strategy of RKPD 2015 Source: research’s result Bandung city do the bottom up approaches by inventory all of the needs which will be discussed to make sure that the suggestion of the activity is the need rather than desire. Furthermore, before the suggestion inventory, there is an explanation of regional development planning. Related to the implementers, the one who has a duty to explain the development planning through Musrenbag forum in the level of district is headmen of those regional. The suggestion from community will be observed in the perspective of the association with the activity of government. And also the policy of the district leaders before the suggestion or proposal is set to be discussed in the next level of Musrenbang. The participative approaches in the city of Bandung done through the Musrenbang forum in accordance with levels, and can be described as the process of meetings between communities, local governance, and the Government in implementing the national development. The field research result visualize that the result of the partisipative approach is documented through the manual recording, organizing, and the recording using system. however the programs/activities which haven’t been approved are all noted in the agreement but directly

recorded in the proposals of the musrenbang. the program that will be implemented and the delayed program should be written in the result of Musrenbang agreement and the reason is also should be written. Through these partisipative planning, the regional development planning is a responsibility of all the stakeholders because all of the stakeholders know and agree to the agreement together. After the process of participative approach is done, next approach is the technocratic approach. This approach is an approach that the process is undertaken by Bappeda, the aim that the formulation of the results of the planning is scientific. Suitable with its function, have a basic consideration to indentify and to inform the success and the failure that can be use as a basis in a next planning. The result of the document review explain that the city of Bandung was establish the APBD in order to reach the midterm development goals which only noticed by the nomenclature of the program that has been set. While in RPJMD, the indicator of the program are not fully explained in

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RKPD. The differences of performance indicator in different programs is the description that technocratic approach in arranging the regional development planning has not been fully implemented. The other approach is politic planning approach. This approach are implemented when the planning process proposed by the head of the area and set out together, so that DPRD should observe the consensus that set in RPJMD. The result show that implementation of this political approach is implemented at the time of program determination in the document of annual planning that lead the program in the document of the mid term development planning. Its illustrated in the level of consistency of RKPD Program year 2015. The development planning program that haven’t explained in the operational document is the failure in the input process and it has been repaired in the document that will be printed next. Furthermore, this political approach was implemented before the RPJMD document was set. So that researcher think that RPJMD is a politic document/ established because of the politic process, so the politic approaches in the regional development planning is not necessary to emphasized. Top down approach which applied in the city of Bandung is a planning process based on the higher regulation that led by the lower regulation, perda are led by perkada, or long term document are led by mid-term document, and mid term document are led by short term document. The implementation of this planning is when the musrenbang forum was held; through the equation as planned in annual planning with intermediate planning. DPRD are involved in this process as a partner of local

government which function is to ensure that RPJMD has led in the arrangement of RKPD that will be the basis of the arrangement or formulation of KUA-PPAS which will be the foundation for APBD arrangement. Beside that, the RKPD that has been synergize with the RKP is the implementation of top down approaches. The analysis result of the data obtained, there are 63 programs in RPJMD and 633 programs in RKPD which describing that the programs planned in the annual planning document of Bandung in 2015 based on the amount is 630 programs or 99,37% programs from 632 programs in RPJMD or 97%. The level of program’s consistency is in the high category. It is opposite with the consistency of the indicator of program’s performance, the result of the indicator of program’s performance in 2015 is 88 programs from 634 program or 13,9% and 67programs from 632 or 10,6%. Based on those result which supported by data and information and based on the theory and concept from the regulation of law, researcher offers the TANTRI approach as one of the alternative strategy of regional development planning that able to apply in the city of Bandung to produce a high quality document about the development planning and also the local development performance which appropriate with the condition of the area and the people around those area, and synergize with the planning of national development ; top down approach, act locally approach, nature/bottom up approach,technocratic approach,regional approach,and interactive approach.

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TOP DOWN INTERACTIVE

ACT LOCALLY

DOKRENDA ACOMODATIVE DAN CONSISTENT

REGIONAL

PROSPERITY NATURE/ BOTTOM UP

TECHNOCRATIC

Picture 4.2 Tantri Model 5. E. CONCLUSION Therefore, through the planning of alternative strategy offered, the arrangement of regional document 6. are expected to be able to produce the planning document which accommodative and consistent in 7. order to realizing the prosperity.

8.

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B. Legislation Law number 25 year 2004 about The System of National Development Planning Government Regulation number 8 year 2008 about the steps, arrangement,implementation,control,and the evaluation of regional development planning. The regulation of the local minister number 54 year 2010 about the implementation of PP number 8 year about the steps,the arrangement,te implementation,control,and the evaluation of regional development planning Law number 23 year 2014 abouth local government. C. Other Resourches Sumber Lainnya 12 Askar Jaya, NRP A16 5030051 Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor 2004 , Konsep Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Solosa, Thobias. “Pendekatan Perencanaan Pembangunan Partisipatif Untuk Mereduksi Asymmetric Information Dalam Pembangunna Ekonomi di Provinsi Papua” Disertasi @ ub.ac.id Jurnal Administrasi Pembangunan, Volume 2, Nomor 3, Juli 2014, hlm. 227-360 Junaidi (http://www.riaupos.co/700-opini-pendekatan-kultural-dalampembangunan.html#.WH7ou_KRHIU#ixzz4W5BhmLyx: Februari 20)

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THE ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING STRATEGY

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