THE READING COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT OF THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP 2 GEBOG KUDUS IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014 TAUGHT BY USING STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD)
By SANTI NOOR VIYANA NIM. 2009-32-078
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2013 i
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THE READING COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT OF THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP 2 GEBOG KUDUS IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014 TAUGHT BY USING STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD)
SKRIPSI Presented to the Muria Kudus University In Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program In English Education
By SANTI NOOR VIYANA NIM. 2008-32-078
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2013
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO:
In this life we can’t always do great things. But, we can do small things with great dreams. So, don’t ever give up to get our dream.
DEDICATION:
This final project is dedicated to Allah SWT, my great power. My beloved father H. Noor Dayat and my mother Hj. Siti Chotimah. My brother (Eko Wahyono, ST.) and my sisters (Veny Widayanti, Amd. and Vista Nila Hidayat, S.Pd.). My beloved nephew Moh.Tito Rezqya Pratama. My
beloved
Widiasprasetyo.
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boyfriend
Aniq
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the sarjana skripsi of Santi Noor Viyana (NIM.2009-32-078) has been approved by the skripsi advisors for further approved by the examining committee. Kudus, September 2013 Advisor I
Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd. NIS. 0610701000001187 Advisor II
Drs. Suprihadi, M.Pd. NIP. 19570616-198403-1-015 Acknowledged by The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd. NIP. 19621219-198703-1-001
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EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the sarjana skripsi of Santi Noor Viyana (NIM.2009-32-078) has been approved by the Examining Committee as a requirement of the Sarjana Degree in the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language. Kudus, September 2013 Thesis Examining Committee
Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd. NIS. 0610701000001187
,Chairperson
Drs. Suprihadi, M.Pd. NIP. 19570616-198403-1-015
, Member
Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum. NIS. 0610701000001191
, Member
Fitri Budi Suryani, SS, M. Pd NIS. 061701000001155
, Member
Acknowledged by The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd NIP. 19621219-198703-1-001
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT Alhamdulillah. Praise to Allah, my gratitude runs to Allah who gives me an exceptional power in accomplishing my skripsi entitled “The Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). I realize, without any support, suggestion, encouragement, and guidance from many people I would not be able to finish this skripsi. In this opportunity I would like to express her deep appreciation to: 1. Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd., the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University, 2. Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd, the Head of English Education Department of Muria Kudus University. 3. Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd, as the first advisor who has given me a guidance, correction and suggestion in accomplishing this research. 4. Drs. Suprihadi, M.Pd as the second advisor who has given me a guidance, correction and suggestion in accomplishing this research. 5. Abdullah Noor, S.Pd, as the Headmaster of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus who has given permission to conduct the research. 6. Faridah, S.Pd as English teacher of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus who has given permission and opportunity to herby doing the research.
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7. My beloved parents H. Noor Dayat and Hj. Siti Chotimah for their love, support, and patience. 8. My brother (Eko Wahyono, ST.) and sisters (Veny Widayanti, Amd. and Vista Nila Hidayat, S.Pd.) who always give me spirit. 9. My beloved boyfriend Aniq Widiasprasetyo who always loves and gives me a big support. 10. My best friends in UMK (Liza, Afria, Anis, Tanti, Khalim, Darra, Ayu, Eni, and Ganish), from SMA (qiqi’, cumi, mbahlul, tuyul, mbak lowo, capung, mas bowo, and dyan) thanks for support and togetherness. 11. My friends in KKN Papringan Josse (Erni, Susi, Dani, Ali, and Dita) thanks for togetherness. 12. And to all my friends that I can’t mention one by one. Finally, I will happily welcome any constructive criticsm and suggestion. Hopefully, the skripsi would give contribution for teacher and students.
Kudus, September 2013
Santi Noor Viyana
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ABSTRACT
Viyana, Santi Noor. 2013. The Reading Comprehension of Descriptive text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). Skripsi. English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisors (i) Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, S.Pd, M.Pd. (ii) Drs. Suprihadi, M.Pd. Keywords: Reading Comprehension, Student Team Achievement Division Reading comprehension is one of important skills in teaching and learning, especially at the level of education. In fact, the English teacher stated that most of the seventh grade students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus still get difficulties in reading comprehension especially descriptive text. It was found that the students get difficulties in understanding the meaning of the English text. It is caused by their lack of vocabulary so that they have a difficulty in understanding meaning word by word. Most of the students also stated that reading is long and boring activity. Considering that reasons, the writer want to apply Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) as technique to improve students’ reading comprehension especially descriptive text. The objective of this research is to find out whether or not there is a significance difference between the Reading Comprehension of Descriptive text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 before and after being taught by using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). The population of this research was the seventh grade students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in academic year 2013/2014. The writer uses cluster random sampling technique in taking the sample of the research. The writer gets VII A as the sample of the research. There are 32 students. The design of this research was experimental research. The writer uses one group pre-test and post-test. The result of this research can be seen that the calculation of t-test, with the level of significance 0.05, the degree of freedom (df) is 31, and t-table (tt) 2.04, the t-observation (to) 11.59. In the other words, t-observation falls in the critical region. The reading comprehension of descriptive text of the seventh grade students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus after being taught by using Student Team Achievement Division is “good”. It is showed by the mean is 80.68 and the standard deviation is 8.79. It is higher than the mean of the reading comprehension of descriptive text of the seventh grade students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus before being taught by using Student Team Achievement Division in academic year 2013/2014 which the mean 69.75 and standard deviation is 7.90. It is categorized as “sufficient”.
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Based on this research result above, the writer concludes that STAD can improve the reading comprehension of the students. Therefore, the English teacher can apply STAD as effective technique in teaching process in order to help the students improve their reading comprehension, especially for English reading texts.
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ABSTRAKSI
Viyana, Santi Noor. 2013. Pemahaman Membaca Teks Deskriptif Para Siswa Kelas VII SMP 2 Gebog Kudus Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014 yang Diajar dengan Menggunakan Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muria Kudus. Dosen Pembimbing (i) Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, S.Pd, M.Pd. (ii) Drs. Suprihadi, M.Pd. Kata Kunci: Pemahaman Membaca, Student Team Achievement Division Pemahaman membaca adalah salah satu keterampilan penting dalam proses belajar mengajar, terutama di tingkat pendidikan. Bahkan, guru bahasa Inggris menyatakan bahwa sebagian besar siswa kelas VII SMP 2 Gebog Kudus masih mendapatkan kesulitan dalam pemahaman membaca khususnya teks deskriptif. Ditemukan bahwa para siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami arti dari teks bahasa Inggris. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya kosakata sehingga mereka memiliki kesulitan dalam memahami makna kata demi kata. Sebagian besar siswa juga menyatakan bahwa membaca adalah aktivitas panjang dan membosankan Menanggapi alasan-alasan tersebut, penulis ingin mengaplikasikan Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) sebagai teknik untuk meningkatkan pemahaman membaca siswa khususnya teks deskriptif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara pemahaman membaca teks deskriptif para siswa kelas VII SMP 2 Gebog Kudus tahun ajaran 2013/2014 sebelum dan sesudah diajarkan dengan menggunakan Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP 2 Gebog Kudus tahun pelajaran 2013/2014. Penulis menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel secara acak dan kelompok. Penulis mendapatkan kelas VII A sebagai sampel penelitian. Terdapat 32 siswa dalam kelas tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan penelitian eksperimen sebagai rancangan penelitian. Penulis menggunakan satu kelompok untuk kelompok pre-test dan post-test. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perhitungan t-test pada tingkat signifikan 0.05, Degree of Freedom (Df) adalah 31, dan t-table (tt) 2.04, tobservation (t0) 11.97. Dengan kata lain, t-observation jatuh di daerah kritis. Pemahaman membaca teks deskriptif siswa kelas VII SMP 2 Gebog Kudus setelah diajarkan menggunakan STAD tahun pelajaran 2012/2013 adalah “baik”. Hal tersebut dapat di tunjukkan dengan nilai rata-rata dengan rata-rata nilai 80.68 dan standard deviation dengan nilai 8.79. Nilai tersebut lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rata-rata pemahaman membaca teks deskriptif siswa kelas VII SMP 2 Gebog Kudus sebelum diajarkan menggunakan STAD tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 dengan nilai rata-rata 69.75 dan nilai standard deviation adalah 7.90. Dengan nilai tersebut dapat dikategorikan “cukup”. xi
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa STAD dapat meningkatkan pemahaman membaca para siswa. Sehingga para guru Bahasa Inggris dapat mengaplikasikan STAD sebagai teknik pengajaran efektif dalam proses pengajaran dengan tujuan untuk membantu para siswa untuk meningkatkan pemahaman membaca mereka khususnya naskah bacaan berbahasa Inggris.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page COVER ........................................................................................................ i LOGO .......................................................................................................... ii TITLE ......................................................................................................... iii MOTTO AND DEDICATION .................................................................... iv ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ........................................................................ v EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ....................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................ ix ABSTRAKSI ............................................................................................... xi TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................... xiii LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................... xvii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................... xviii LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................. xix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1
Background of the Research .............................................................. 1
1.2
Statement of the Problem .................................................................. 4
1.3
Objectives of the Research ................................................................. 5
1.4
Significance of the Research .............................................................. 5
1.5
Scope of the Research ........................................................................ 5
1.6
Operational Definition ....................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE AND HYPHOTHESIS 2.1
Teaching English in SMP 2 Gebog Kudus ........................................... 7
2.1.1 Curriculum of Teaching English in SMP 2 Gebog Kudus ................. 8 2.1.2 Purposes of Teaching English in SMP 2 Gebog Kudus ..................... 8 2.1.3 The Material of Teaching English in SMP 2 Gebog Kudus ................. 9
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2.1.4 2.2
The Technique of Teaching English in SMP 2 Gebog Kudus ......... 10 Reading Comprehension ....................................................................... 11
2.2.1 The Purpose of Reading Comprehension ............................................. 12 2.3
Genre .................................................................................................... 15
2.3.1 Types of Genre .................................................................................... 15 2.4
Descriptive Text .................................................................................. 18
2.4.1 Social Function .................................................................................... 19 2.4.2 Generic Structure ............................................................................... 19 2.4.3 Language Features .............................................................................. 21 2.5
Teaching Technique ............................................................................ 21
2.5.1 Types of Teaching technique ............................................................... 22 2.5.2 Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) .................................... 23 2.5.3 The Advantages of Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) ...... 25 2.5.4 The Disadvantages of Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) ................................................................................................. 26 2.6
Teaching Reading Descriptive Text by using STAD ........................... 26
2.7
Previous Research ............................................................................... 29
2.8
Theoretical Framework ...................................................................... 30
2.9
Hypothesis ........................................................................................... 31
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1
Research Design ................................................................................... 32
3.2
Population and Sample ........................................................................ 33
3.3
Instrument of the Research ................................................................... 34
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3.4
Data Collecting .................................................................................... 37
3.5
Data Analysis ....................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH 4.1
Finding of the Research ..................................................................... 41
4.1.1 The Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 before being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) ........................................................ 41 4.1.2 The Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 after being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) ........................................................ 44 4.2
Hypothesis Testing ........................................................................... 47
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION 5.1
Discussion .......................................................................................... 49
5.1.1 The Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 before being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) .......................................................... 49 5.1.2 The Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 after being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) .......................................................... 50 5.1.3 The Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 before and after being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD)................................................ 52
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CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 6.1
Conclusion ........................................................................................ 55
6.2
Suggestion .......................................................................................... 56
BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................... APPENDICES ............................................................................................ STATEMENT .............................................................................................. CURRICULUM VITAE ..............................................................................
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57 59 117 118
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
3.1 The Criteria Assessment of the Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text.............................................................................
35
3.2 The Criteria of Reliability of the Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text.............................................................................
36
4.1
4.2
4.3
The Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 before being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) ..............................
42
Frequency Distribution Table of the Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 before being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). ....................................................
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The Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 after being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). .............................
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4.4 Frequency Distribution Table of the Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 after being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). ......................................................................................... 45
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
4.1 The Polygon of the Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 before being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD)................................
43
4.2 The Polygon of the Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 after being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). ............................................
45
4.3 Sampling Distribution of the Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 before and after being taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). ...........................................................................................
47
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
Page
1. Syllabus of the Seventh Grade students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 in the odd semester. .............. 2. Lesson Plan of Teaching Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text Being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division . ................................................................... 3. The Table of Specification to measure Reading Comprehension of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus. .................................................................................. 4. Test of Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text Being Taught by Using STAD. .................................................................. 5. The Answer Sheet of Test Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text Being Taught by Using STAD. ............................ 6. The Key Answer of Test Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text Being Taught by Using STAD. ............................ 7. The Tabulation of Try Out of V11 B Class of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014. .............................................. 8. The Try Out Score Test of Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Text of VII B Class of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014............................................................... 9. The Calculation Reliability of Try Out Test. ................................... 10. The List of Students VII B Class (Try out) and VII A Class (Pre test and Post Test) of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014. ............................................................................... 11. The Team Division of The Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic Year 2013/2014 Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). ............................... 12. Team Name and team members. ...................................................... 13. The Scoring Quizzes of The Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus In Academic Year 2013/2014 Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). .................... 14. The Recapitulation of the team score of the Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus In Academic Year 2013/2014 Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). ............................................................................. 15. The scoring of the Super Team. ...................................................... 16. The Calculation of Mean and Standard Deviation of the Reading Comprehension of The Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic year 2013/2014 before being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division. .......
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59
62
86 87 94 95 96
97 98
99
101 102
103
104 106
109
17. The Calculation of Mean and Standard Deviation of the Reading Comprehension of The Seventh Grade Students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in Academic year 2013/2014 after being Taught by Using Student Team Achievement Division. ....... 18. The Calculation of T-Test (t0). ........................................................ 19. Critical Value of T-table. .................................................................
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111 113 116
