Proceeding of. Click Here. Universiti Putra Malaysia March 26 th 28 th, Jointly Organized by :

Proceeding of

Click Here

Universiti Putra Malaysia March 26th – 28th, 2010

http://www.adic2010.yolasite.com Jointly Organized by :

Persatuan Pelajar Aceh (PPA)-UPM

Ikatan Masyarakat Aceh Malaysia (IMAM)

Pemerintahan Aceh

Center for International Affairs (CIA)-UPM

PREFACE

The Aceh Development International Conference 2010 provides a good opportunity for sharing the information, knowledge and experiences amongst the scientist, practitioners, researchers and other professional in related fields in rebuilding Aceh issues. The conference also being an indicator to measure the progress of development activities in whole of Aceh and in all of affected sectors primarily public sectors which collapsed by the Tsunami. Hopefully, through this International conference, the beneficial outcomes will be attained for the sustainability development of Aceh province in the future. Last but not least, the editors team congratulate for all of participants, especially the authors who spent their time for joining this International event.

Thank you.

Editor Team Dandi Bachtiar Azhari Muhammad Syam Muhammad Sayuti Rahmat Fadhil

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ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF ADIC2010 Prof. Dr. Ir. T.M. Indra Mahlia Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd. Sapuan Salit Universiti Malaya (UM) Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Malaysia Malaysia Prof. Dr. Hasanudin Prof. Dr. Ir. Hasanudin Z. Abidin Universitas Syiah Kuala (Unsyiah) Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Indonesia Indonesia Prof. Dr. Syahrizal Abbas Dr. Syafiie Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Ar‐Raniry Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Indonesia Malaysia Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sabri Abd. Majid Assoc. Prof. Puan Sri Nila Inangda Manyam Keumala Universiti Islam Antarabangsa (UIA) Universiti Malaya (UM) Malaysia Malaysia

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LIST OF CONTENT

Preface

i

Advisory Committee of ADIC2010

ii

Organizing Committee of ADIC2010

iii

Message from Chairman of ADIC2010, Organizing Committee

iv

Message from President of Aceh Club Malaysia

v

List of Content

vi

Education 1

Lisa Agustina, Nor Aishah Buang, Muhammad Hussin and Mazren Tikusan PERSEPSI PELAJAR TERHADAP PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN SECARA PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ( PBL) DALAM KURIKULUM TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN

1

2

Abdul Halim, Hasan, Muhibuddin, Burhanuddin Yasin, Lilia Halim, T. Subahan and Kamisah Osman THE EXISTENCE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CULTURE AMONG MALAYSIAN AND ACEHENESE STUDENTS

13

3

Mujiburrahman PENDIDIKAN BERASASKAN BUDAYA: KAJIAN PELAKSANAAN SYARI’AT ISLAM DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP BUDAYA SEKOLAH ACEH

18

4

Anzaruddin Ahmad MENGEMBALIKAN STATUS ACEH SEBAGAI HUB PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI NUSANTARA : DARI PERSPEKTIF RAKYAT MALAYSIA

31

5

Heri Priyanto ACEH EDUCATION SYSTEM: CAN SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE IMPROVE STUDENTS’ LEARNING PROCESS?

40

6

Widharto BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION IN INDONESIA: THE SPECIFIC ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY IN ASSISTING THE CONSERVATION PROGRAMS FOR NAD

48

vi

Politics 7

Fachrul Razi PEMBANGUNAN DAN INTEGRASI POLITIK DI ACEH PASCA MOU HELSINKI: PERSPEKTIF PARTAI ACEH (PA)

57

8

Erman Anom and Indrawadi Tamin JURNALISME BEBAS DAN BERTANGGUNG JAWAB DAN DEMOKRATISASI DI ACEH

72

Laws and Qanun 9

Zulkifli Daud and Sanep Ahmad IMPLIKASI PELAKSANAAN QANUN ACEH NO. 7/2004 TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MEMBAYAR ZAKAT PENDAPATAN MELALUI INSTITUSI FORMAL PUNGUTAN ZAKAT (BAITALMAL)

81

10

Ridwan Hasan ISLAMIC THEOLOGY AGAINST TO AQIQAH BIRTH OF THE BABY: (PERSPECTIVE OF THE TRADITION AND THE ISLAMIC CULTURE IN THE TERRITORY OF NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM)

91

11

Abidin Nurdin SUMBER LEGITIMASI DAN PERAN MPU DALAM PROSES LEGISLASI QANUN SYARI’AT ISLAM DI ACEH

97

12

Muslim Zainuddin PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM MEMUTUSKAN PERKARA KHALWAT PADA MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH ACEH

108

13

Asnawi Abdullah HEALTH QANUN AND HEALTH SECTOR REFORM IN ACEH

122

14

Bastiar Muhammad Taib PANDANGAN DOSEN STAIN MALIKUSSALEH LHOKSEUMAWE TERHADAP PENERAPAN QANUN JINAYAH: ANALISIS PRO-KONTRA TERHADAP PENERAPAN HUKUMAN RAJAM DI PROVINSI ACEH

130

15

Fauzi Saleh PENERAPAN SYARIAT ISLAM DI ACEH: EKSISTENSI SYARI’AT DALAM ADAT MEUKUTA ALAM

142

16

Abdul Wahid PERANAN LEMBAGA ADAT DALAM MENDUKUNG PELAKSANAAN SYARI’AT ISLAM DI ACEH

156

Economics 17

Shabri Abdul Majid EMPOWERISASI PERBANKAN SYARI’AT DI “BUMOE SYARIAT “ NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM

vii

169

18

Ghazali Syamni, Zulkifli and Andria Zulfa ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN PEMBERIAN KREDIT SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH TSUNAMI PADA PERBANKAN DI KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE

175

19

Dahrinal, Ghazali Syamni and Tarmizi Abbas PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DANA BERGULIR TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PEREMPUAN: STUDI KASUS BALAI PEREMPUAN JAMBO TIMU KEC. BLANG MANGAT KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE

182

20

Ghazali Syamni SOSIAL KAPITAL DAN HUMAN CAPITAL SEBAGAI SALAH SATU FAKTOR PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI

188

21

Lodi H. Saputra, Ghazali Syamni and Muammar Khaddafi ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN MANAJEMEN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH: KASUS KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE

194

22

Yossi Diantimala and Syamsul Bahri THE EFFECT OF HUMAN CAPITAL, STRUCTURAL CAPITAL, AND CUSTOMER CAPITAL ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTION IN BANDA ACEH AND ACEH BESAR

203

23

M. Ridha EFEKTIFITAS PENGELOLAAN KREDIT PEUMAKMU NANGGROE DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN USAHA MIKRO DI LHOKSEUMAWE

215

24

Sofyan Syahnur INCOME DISTRIBUTION ISSUE AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IN ACEH PROVINCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY BY USING A SAM APPROACH

228

25

Muhammad Arifai and Alfiandri THE FACTORS AFFECTING IMPLEMENTATION PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT

245

Strengthening of Local Culture 26

Ari Pahlawi bin Jauhari Ishak THE COMPLEXES OF NORMS AND TRADITION IN ACEH

257

27

Lucky Zamzami ANALYZE OF THEORY CONFLICT IN SEEING CULTURE AND ADAT DEVELOPMENT IN ACEHNESE

271

28

Fauzi Ali Amin and Sanusi M. Syarief STRENGTHEN ADAT COMMUNITY FOR FOREST CONSERVATION

279

29

Adli Abdullah, Sulaiman Tripa and T. Muttaqin Mansur TRADITIONAL WISDOM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FISHERIES RESOURCES IN ACEH

288

viii

Religion 30

Muhammad Yusran Hadi PENERAPAN SYARIAT ISLAM DI ACEH (KRITIKAN DAN TANGGAPAN)

299

31

Muntasir DAYAH DAN ULAMA DALAM DINAMIKA SOSIO POLITIK MASYARAKAT ACEH

309

32

Mukhlisuddin Ilyas PENDIDIKAN DAYAH MULAI HILANG IDENTITAS

318

33

Usammah ULAMA DAN POLITIK: ANALISIS PEMIKIRAN TGK. H. IBRAHIM BARDAN (ABU PANTON)

326

34

Muhammad Abdurrahman AGAMA SEBAGAI PILAR PEMBANGUNAN ACEH KE DEPAN

344

35

Hasanuddin Yusuf Adan SYARIAT ISLAM DI ACEH: RUANG LINGKUP, PELANGGARAN DAN HUKUMAN

349

Psychology and Health 36

Fadilla Oktaviana POSITIVE PARENTING, MEANS OF RECONSTRUCTS THE POSITIVE OF PSYCHOLOGY AND MENTAL FOR CHILDREN OF TSUNAMI VICTIMS

363

37

Safrilsyah Syarief, Jasmadi and Barmawi KOHESI KELOMPOK DAN PARTISIPASI PEMELIHARAAN FASILITAS UMUM DI HUNIAN SEMENTARA GAMPOENG TURKI-ISTAMBUL, ACEH BESAR

368

38

Ai Kustiani, Syahroni and Dyah Raysa Laksitoresmi PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITION RECOVERY EFFORTS CHILDREN POST-TSUNAMI ACEH AQUAPHOBIA SUFFERER THROUGH TELEQUA

380

39

Siti Rahmah PENGALAMAN ANAK TERHADAP TINDAK KEKERASAN DI WILAYAH KONFLIK: STUDI KASUS PADA PANTI ASUHAN DI KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA

386

40

Ella Suzanna PERMASALAHAN IBU MENYUSUI EKSKLUSIF (STUDI KASUS DI DESA MEUNASAH MESJID KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE)

396

ix

Public Service and Infrastructure 41

Naufal Bachri IDENTIFIKASI DIMENSI KUALITAS PELAYANAN PADA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DI PROPINSI ACEH (SUATU PENDEKATAN PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN)

409

42

Zulkarnain AN ANALYSIS OF QUALITY OF WORKING LIFE: RELATION TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND DEMOGRAPIC FACTORS ON PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYEE

418

43

Naufal Bachri, Ahmad Azmi M. Ariffin and Azhar Haji Ahmad IDENTIFYING THE DOMINANT FACTOR OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICE QUALITY OR THE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AT MALIKUSSALEH UNIVERSITY

428

44

Muhammad Subhan and Ahmad Bashawir Abdul Ghani FORMULASI STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PELABUHAN ACEH: SATU KONSEP

441

45

Rita Komalasari THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ACEHNESE LIBRARY POST-TSUNAMI

458

46

Yossi Diantimala SERVICE QUALITY IN PUBLIC SECTOR: AN ANALYSIS OF MINIMUM SERVICE STANDARD (SPM) APPLIED IN ACEH PROVINCE

466

47

Yunita Arafah, Sylvia Agustina and Irin Caisarina REVITALIZATION OF HERITAGE AREAS IN DOWNTOWN BANDA ACEH AS INTERCONNECTED PUBLIC OPEN SPACES BASED ON LINKAGE SYSTEM

475

Good Government Management 48

Asrizal Luthfi PELEMBAGAAN DAN INTERNALISASI COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT KE DALAM KEBIJAKAN DI PROPINSI ACEH

487

49

Hafas Furqani ACEH DAN EKONOMI REGIONAL ASIA TENGGARA: SINERGI LHEE SAGOE ACEH DAN IMT-GT

493

50

Erman Anom DEMOKRATISASI DAN SELF GOVERNMENT DI ACEH: Kebijakan yang berkeadilan tentang Gender?

502

51

Muhammad Subhan ACEH DAN PEMBANGUNAN KEPELABUHANAN: PERBANDINGAN ASPEK SEJARAH DAN KONTEMPORARI

513

52

Iskandar Zulkarnaen, Tubagus E. Faturrahman and A. Humam Hamid PENGELOLAAN PROGRAM REINTEGRASI PASCA KONFLIK DI ACEH: KEBIJAKAN SETENGAH HATI

528

x

Agriculture, Fisheries and Natural Resources 53

Muhammad Yasar, Chamhuri Siwar and Shaharudin Idrus KONVERSI LAHAN; SAWAH MENJADI PENGGUNAAN NON PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR PROVINSI ACEH, INDONESIA

545

54

Fahrizal, Yusriana and Rahmat Fadhil PENINGKATAN MUTU IKAN TERI ASIN KERING DI ACEH BESAR, NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM

554

55

Muchlisin Z.A. and Siti Azizah M.N. OVERVIEW: SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN DARAT ACEH TERANCAM

562

56

Rizal Syahyadi, Zakaria Harun, Sumiani Yusoff and Edi Majuar ON-FARM IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW AND SOME PLEMINARY RESULTS

569

57

Khoirun Nisa’ THE CONCEPT OF SIMPLE AND HYGIENIC POULTRY LAUGHTERHOUSE FOR SERAMBI MEKAH

577

58

Abdullah, Djufri and Hasanuddin SOLUSI EKOLOGIS PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK GAJAH DENGAN MANUSIA DI HUTAN PROVINSI ACEH DENGAN PENENTUAN KAWASAN PERLINDUNGAN GAJAH (ELEPHANT SUNCTUARY)

584

59

Rusli Yusuf and Abdullah PENERAPAN STRATEGI ALTERNATIF PENANGGULANGAN SEMENTARA KONFLIK GAJAH DENGAN MANUSIA MENGGUNAKAN METODE EKOLOGI DAN PENDEKATAN KEARIFAN TRADISIONAL DI HUTAN GEUMPANG KAB. PIDIE PROVINSI ACEH

595

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 60

Nizamuddin, Hidehiro Ishizuka and Muzailin Affan THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPATIAL DATABASE: CASE STUDY SPATIAL DATA OF REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION PROCESS IN ACEH

605

61

Wahyu Fuadi STUDI PERENCANAAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK MAHASISWA BERBASIS SMS (SHORT MESSAGING SERVICE) DI FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH

615

62

Didik Dwi Prasetya 3D SPACE RACE GAME AS A TOOL FOR RECOVERY CONCENTRATION TO CHILDREN NATURAL DISASTER VICTIMS IN ACEH USING JAVA

624

63

Syaad Patmanthara PENGEMBANGAN E-LEARNING DENGAN PENGELOLAAN FASILITAS FORUM SEBAGAI MEDIA DISKUSI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT SISWA TERHADAP MATERI ILMU ALAM DI ACEH

630

xi

64

Muhammad Ashar Pakkawaru RECOMENDATION TO THE CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM ON THE DESIGN OF HEALTH SERVICES USING SMART MEDICAL CARD IN HOSPITAL NAD

636

65

Dedi Rianto bin H. Rahadi IMPLEMENTATION E-GOVERMENT FOR IMPROVING PUBLIC SERVICES IN PROVINCE NANGGRO ACEH DARUSALAM

642

66

Muhammad PEMODELAN JARINGAN SARAF TIRUAN DAN SET KASAR PADA SET DATA PIMA INDIANS DIABETES

649

67

Taufiq STUDI MANAJEMEN SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK UNIVERSITAS DI ACEH BERBASIS SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE (SOA)

659

68

Herri Setiawan ONE-STOP INFORMATION SYSTEM (SIMTAP) ONE FORM GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM

668

Energy 69

Syahrir Ridha ACEH TOWARDS AN AUTONOMOUS IN ENERGY CAPABILITY (SWOT ANALYSIS)

677

70

Nelly Safitri RENEWABLE ENERGY PROSPECT AS A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY RESOURCE IN ACEH AFTER TSUNAMI DISASTER

685

71

Mustaqimah, Rini Ariani Basyamfar and Rahmat Fadhil ANALISIS TEKNIS DAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL ALAT PENYULING NILAM DENGAN SUMBER BAHAN BAKAR KAYU DI ACEH BARAT DAYA

695

72

Faisal Abnisa, Wan Mohd. Asri Wan Daud and Jaya Narayan Sahu RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD ON OPTIMIZATION OF BIO-OIL PRODUCTION FROM PALM SHELL

704

73

Saifuddin SIMULATION OF SOLAR CELL FOR INVESTIGATION EFFECT OF SURFACE TEXTURING ON GaAs SOLAR CELL BY USING SILVACO SOFTWARE

716

Food and Health 74

Zatil Afrah, Saidatul Husnah, Rachmawati Rusydi and Wahyuni Safitri Ca(IO3)2 AND NaFeEDTA FORTIFIED SURIMI AS SOLUTION FOR PROTEIN, IODINE, AND Fe DEFICIENCY IN ACEHNESE HOUSEHOLDS

xii

725

75

Faisal Abdurrahman, Babji A.S., Senafi S. and Othman O. EFFECT OF ENZYME ACTIVITY OF SELECTED FRUITS EXTRACTS ON THE QUALITY OF BUFFALO MEAT

735

76

Dewi Yunita, Yusriana and Rahman Jaya STUDY OF FERMENTATION AND NON FERMENTATION METHOD EFFECTS ON THE QUALITY OF COCOA BEANS AND THE INCOME LEVEL OF COCOA FARM IN ACEH

742

Engineering Science and Technology 77

Maizuar Mahyiddin NEW ACEH RAILWAY ROUTE : PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES

753

78

T.M. Ridwan, M. Fauzan, Maizuar M. and Suhaimi STUDI PERBANDINGAN RESPON INELASTIK BANGUNAN SISTEM RANGKA BERPENGAKU KONSENTRIK TIPE D TERHADAP SISTEM RANGKA PEMIKUL MOMEN DI NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM

759

79

Miftah Hazmi and Rico Sihotang RANCANGAN RUMAH TAHAN GEMPA YANG EKONOMIS BAGI KORBAN PASCAGEMPA DI ACEH

768

80

Susilah PENERAPAN MODEL KULANDAISWAMY UNTUK PERAMALAN DEBIT BANJIR PADA DAS CIKAPUNDUNG GANDOK BANDUNG INDONESIA

774

81

Syamsul Bahri and Hilmi bin Mahmud POTENTIAL OF RICE HUSK ASH (RHA) IN IMPROVING DURABILITY AND PROVIDING LONGER SERVICE LIFE OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN ACEH

785

82

Ashfa REVIEW OF LAND USE IN IMPLEMENTING SPATIAL PLAN

794

83

Abdul Jalil STUDY STABILIZATION OF MIXTURE OF PALM KERNEL SHELL DUST WITH CLAY BY USING DIRECT SHEAR TEST

801

84

M. Sayuti, M, Suraya, S, Sulaiman, S, B.T.H.T. Baharudin, and M.K.A. Arifin PROCESSING AND CHARACTERISATION OF PARTICULATE REINFORCED ALUMINIUM -11.8 % SILICON MATRIX COMPOSITE

811

85

Syukriah, Norhamidi Muhamad and Mohd. Nizam Ab Rahman DEVELOPMENT OF A REPLACEMENT MODEL AND APPLICATION OF PRODUCTION MACHINES IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

818

86

Rahmat Fadhil, Johari Endan, Farah Saleena Taip dan Muhammad Salih bin Hj Ja’afar TEKNOLOGI SISTEM AKUAKULTUR RESIRKULASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI PERIKANAN DARAT DI ACEH: SUATU TINJAUAN

826

xiii

87

Azhari and Robiah Yunus SYNTHESIS OF VEGETABLE ALKYL ESTERS BY USING ALKALINE CATALYST IN THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOL DERIVATIVES AS EXCESS REACTANT

834

88

Mohd. Iqbal, Juniza Md Saad, Ho Wei Seong and Mohd Fairuz Bin Mohd Yusoff THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELT DRIVING SURVEILLANCE MOBILE ROBOT

842

89

Dandi Bachtiar and S.M. Sapuan THE OPPORTUNITY OF SUGAR PALM FIBRES IN THE REINFORCING FIELDS OF POLYMER COMPOSITES

847

Disaster Handling Management 90

Tiolina Evi and Lucia Tri Istiyowati DISASTER RECOVERYPLANNING (DRP) PASCA TSUNAMI DI DAERAH ACEH

xiv

855

Aceh Development International Conference 2010 Auditorium Hall, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 26th – 28th March, 2010 ISBN 978-967-5742-00-2

REVIEW OF LAND USE IN IMPLEMENTING SPATIAL PLAN Ashfa Architecture Departement, Engineering Faculty, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Abstract Spatial planning in principle aims to achieve harmony between the natural environment and built environment. Although spatial plan existed, but it not easy to implement it in the field, especially about land use. This paper provides a description of the irregularities in the implementation of land use in terms of academic view. The study is begun from exploring the literature, land use review in Kota Banda Aceh, and getting the guidences in an effort to minimize the deviations occur. The results of the study shows that the irregularities in land use can occur because of inaccurate data and information in the preparation of plans, the wrong interpretation of the function of activity, ownership, lack of community participation, and control aspects. To minimize or even prevent the occurrence of irregularities in land use in the future needs to be reaffirmed about mixed-use and building intensity. Spatial plan should logically arranged, environmental quality, flexible, and easy in implementing in the field. The land use plan must be disseminated to the public. Key-words: land use, spatial plan.

Introduction Land use is important to be evaluated and disciplined, in connection with the terms of use which has been arranged in a spatial plan established by local governments. This need to be done considering the need for land use in urban areas is relatively high and constantly growing accelerating, so the possibility of irregularities in land use is also more open. Although these lands are also used to improve the welfare, comfort, and convenience of society, such as building construction, both residential and non residential, transportation routes and the addition of utility systems, as well as development in other sectors. Land use is one of the components set forth in spatial planning. According to Undang-Undang No. 26/2007 about Spatial Planning, spatial planning itself is a system of spatial planning process, the use of space, and control the use of space. The aim is to achieve harmony between the natural environment and artificial environment, realizing the integration in the use of natural resources and man-made resources with respect to human resources, and to realize the protection function of space and the prevention of negative environmental impacts due to the use of space. Thus, controlling the use of space or land to be critical for spatial planning objectives set, in order to minimize or even prevent the occurrence of irregularities in land use and land use discipline irregularities that have occurred. Broadly speaking, the land, especially in urban areas, consisting of several functional groups, such as land for housing, urban services, green open space, utilities, etc.. Generally, units of housing space is often used as benchmarks for the provision of a service center environment, good for everyday activities, sociocultural (associations, education, and health), and amenities, such as the provision of land for offices, trade and services, green open space (parks, city forests, etc.), and culture. In addition, (see e.g. [1]), also about technocratic, commercial, and humanist.

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Explanation of the above clearly shows that the control of land use is necessary, in an effort to achieve integration in the use of natural resources and man-made resources to realize the protection function, and prevention of negative environmental impacts due to the use of space. Therefore, this paper examined the use of land or irregularities in the academic context, which would be able to give an input, in order to minimize or even prevent the occurrence of land use in the future. The Importance of Land Use Regulation Spatial plan regulation sets land use patterns. In it are included population density, structure, size, designation, and the proportion of urban land use as a system in optimizing the limitations and potential, to provide benefits to for human existence and the environment (see e.g. [8]). In connection with this land, there are two major things that must be addressed in the physical planning of the city, namely land use and transportation. Land itself is like a piece that consists of two sides of the development and conservation (see e.g. [1]). Land use can show the general distribution, location, and characteristics of the current land use and the future, and shape the city (see e.g. [5]). In Pedoman Penyusunan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) No. 327/KPTS/M/2002, which has been established by Ministery of Settlements and Regional Infrastructure mentioned that one of the substances that need to be regulated in a spatial planning at the provincial and district/city is the use of land. Meanwhile, other substances in the form of development policies, settlement system, institutional, human resources, man-made resources, natural resources, and institutional. In general there are two categories of land, cultivation land and conservation land. In an urban area, cultivation land is more dominant than protected land. Cconservation land is very important presence in order to optimize the environmental balance. The use of the land to be arranged in this spatial plan analyzed in such a way that can identify the forms of control, use, modification, expansion, and the suitability of land use, both for cultivation and protected areas, etc. Land use is highly dependent on the careful identification of the physical characteristics of land and allotment. The results of the analysis will indicate the type and intensity of land use, land area, land status, changes in land use, and availability of land (see e.g. [8]). The things mentioned above is a challenge for regional planners, is associated with a variety of purposes. For example between economic growth with equitable distribution of development, between the physical development with environmental sustainability, between the formal and informal sectors, the balance of land and none woke up, etc. Needed plan is the plans that are logical, functional, sustainable, flexible, and implementation, easy to implement in the field and not burden the community. There are some actual benefits expected from the regulation of land use, among others, to control the aesthetic values of the built environment, producing a balance between built land and non-built land, in relation to environmental sustainability and sustainable development. Next is to guarantee the realization of the quality of the environment shapes up in accordance with the plan objectives and ensure the residential requirements, both in terms of health, safety, and citizen tranquility. This land use is a representation of the population activity, so the more commonly known as the spatial distribution of activity. A form of urban planning known is the designation of land (zoning). In this case the city was divided into various areas of activities. Each region was part of a functional limitation device directs how land use is functional and effective. For example an area reserved for housing, other areas to trade, green open space, industrial, high density housing areas, or areas for special activities such as recreation 795


centers and institutions. Furthermore also asserted, that the regular allotment of land and also serves as a systematic way of controlling the aesthetic values of the environment (see e.g. [6]). The zoning ordinance regulates 1) types of land uses allowed, 2) intensity or density of development, 3) Height, bulk, and placement of structures, 4) amount and design of parking, 5) a number of other aspects of lan use and development activity. Zoning ordinances also contain standards common to all districts and a set procedures for applying, administering, and enforcing its regulation. Finally, the ordinance will contain a map or series of maps that show precise boundaries for varios zoning districts (see e.g. [5]). Spatial plan product which refers to regulation which appointed by government is more supple (flexible), because it is based on the trend that happens, and every 5 (five) years are evaluated and in case of deviation can be revised again. But no punishment againts violations of urban spatial plan shows all the uncertainties of spatial plan which has been defined as the area rule (see e.g. [7]). Currently, the allotment of land for one type of activity in a particular area is often less than optimal run, because it relates directly to community activities continuously growing and need each other. Patterns of mixed-use, with some types of land use in an area, may be more implementation, related to the field conditions are often met with a pattern like that, so long as its composition is set to guarantee the quality of the environment, particularly in urban areas. For instance commercial mixtures (mixed-comercial), housing mix (mixed-residential), etc. Budihardjo (1997) has stated (see e.g. [2]) that in the known spatial lag terms of physical (physical lag) and lag culture (cultural lag). Physical delay occurs when the arrangement of the built environment fails to accommodate left or social system which demands grow. While cultural lag occurs when the demands of the achievement of spatial goals in the social system level, not in accordance with the objectives formulated at the level of cultural systems. Discussion Kota Banda Aceh, which has an area of 6,136 ha is a medium city with various activities. There were less academic researches that focused on land use. Research that focused on this issue have been done by Efendi, et al, (2003) (see e.g. [4]) and prove that there had been irregularities in land use Banda Aceh in 2001. The results of this study indicate that the space utilization plan for offices and public buildings used as commercial areas, the level for this deviation is very high at 53%. 90.00 ha of which is planned for office buildings and public buildings, 48.01 ha is used for trade. Space utilization plan for the area of higher education serve as a regional distribution of various things, this distortion level is very high that is achieved 76.07%. Of the planned 150 hectares as the area of 114.11 ha of live education used to spread a variety of purposes. Space utilization plan for green open space used for other activities, this deviation reaches 0.16%. 1,227 ha of which is planned as a green open space, 2.00 ha is used for other activities. Efendi, et, al, also asserted that the causes of deviations above were no permit, no punishment, limited land, change of land use, and permits outside the procedure. Sofyan, et al, 2009, stated that the determination of an area as a mixed area would trigger changes in land use, particularly from residential areas into commercial areas /services. There are four things that can be concluded the study: 1) in Banda Aceh RTRW 2007-2027 defined the area as a region Lamprit mixture, thus the area development opportunities from residential areas into commercial areas and services possible to happen, 2) the existence of various facilities owned Lamprit region, area development opportunities of trade/business and very fast service occurs, 3) changes in the area of the settlement into the region have an impact on the development of mixed shops/shop 796


house, and shifting as a function of residential dwelling into a place of business (home business), and 4) the impact of changes in this region were positive and negative. It is positive if community take beneficiaries of business opportunities, but the negative side is the congestion and noise disturbance when the event was held in open spaces (see e.g. [4]). Other deviations from general observations, in general, because of irregularities by the building layout. Settlements serve as shops, which is functionally a place of trade and services. Among them is Mohammad Hasan Street, Panglateh Street, Taman Makam Pahlawan Street, which changed from residential to commercial area/services (shops), and at Panglima Nyak Makam Street, from the office area into commercial area/services (shops). Since late 2009, has been applied Qanun Kota Banda Aceh No. 4/2009 about Spatial and Regional Plan (RTRW) of Kota Banda Aceh 2009-2029. This qanun replaces Qanun Kota Banda Aceh No. 3/2003. The qanun distributes protected areas 20.52% and cultivated area 79.48%. The largest land use is for residential area, which is 40.85%. While the protected area consists of border rivers, mangrove forests, green open space, and cultural reserve areas. Undang-Undang no. 26/2007 explains that the use of land for public green open space is at least 20% of the total area of the city. Each license is issued, based on the qanun applicable, should be followed by monitoring and evaluation, because if not controlled it had issued licenses can easily be ignored. Example for settlements, with permission to build a house building. But when construction might be reserved for commercial activities, where the existing house into a home store. This means, of which allocated land for settlement activity, but used for commercial activities and services. Limited land for building, particularly for trade and service activities in strategic areas, influences the deviation of this land use. To pursue income, conservation area was sometimes used as an area come up. This is because some people still think that the lack of green open space has economic value compared to building buildings, especially in trade and services sectors, whereas long-term benefits are important, namely maintaining ecological balance. Land conversion is often done to the area of agricultural cultivation, such as rice fields. Many fields changed function to become residential and commercial areas/ services. This land conversion would affect the environment, in which the land that can absorb the water has to be reduced, so that is feared will happen puddles or flooding when the rains came. As the description above, that in urban areas there are several functional groups, such as residential areas, office areas, commercial areas, green open space, etc. Even so, the allotment of land in micro proved these areas sometimes do not stand alone as homogeneous. For example housing areas or settlements. Settlement is always equipped with supporting facilities, such as the schools, health centers, markets, and other public facilities, in accordance with the number of residents who formed a group with a particular composition. Even in the land allotment maps sometimes it does not appear. Another point of concern is related to the magnitude and form of buildings, such as building envelope, facade pattern of buildings, building equipment and decorations. In addition, building coverage ratio (BCR), floor area ratio (FAR), and also the greean area ratio. How does being a building located in the office, trade / services, education, or settlements. This is important because it concerns environmental quality, visual quality, as well as functional quality of a building or area. Diversion of land use should also include the above. Because in fact, many areas are earmarked for specific activities, but always represented by a single building model, which is building shopping malls, to the appearance and the city faces a single and uniform way. This building became a multi 797


functional building, from the residence, office, trade, to learn. And each building must meet the requirements of reliability, health, comfort, and convenience, according to the function of activity. For example, the composition and character of space for commercial activity is different from for education. The availability of data and information are limited, influence the results of land-use planning. As we know that the opinion of the zoning was the result of assessment data and information sistematically throughtpotential land and water, social and economic conditions, visual quality, and environmental quality, which can be determined land use pattern is most appropriate and meet the desires of the community. That is, the availability of data and information is less complete and accurate is feared will result in plans that are less implementation, so that the open space of deviations to the rule, although it is not a distortion when a plan drawn up with data and information are complete and accurate. Another thing is related to land ownership. Sometimes often found that had been considered a deviation occurs in land use. A land, which in the rules as conservation areas, green open space, protected areas, but a wake area. This is what should really need to be studied before the plan zoning opinion of finalized. Because the data associated with ownership or control of land. If the placement plan of green open space located on the land area is publicly owned status, a rather difficult realization, especially in strategic areas of high economic value. Communities tend to use the land for a profitable activity, even if considered a deviation occurs in land use. According to Efendi, et al (2003), basically the owners are willing to sell their land to local governments, but the lack of funding local government cannot afford to buy land, so from the abandoned just like that, and then used to build a more profitable building. For example, the green area is used for shops or residential. Some of the above are a matter that should be reviewed carefully, because it is related to the success of land allotment plan contained in RTRW a product or any other spatial planning, such as the Urban Spatial Plan Detail (RDTRK) and the Urban Spatial Plan (RTRK). If the above examined in depth, it is expected that the planned land use, which tied in qanun, is logical, environmental quality, visual quality, functional, flexible, and easy to implement in the field. Humans tend to want to take advantage of space, ranging from small scale to a large scale, in an effort to maintain and meet the needs of life. However, if the desire is out of control, which deviate from the rules have been formulated, and do not control the implementation of good use of space, there will be a degradation of environmental quality, visual quality and functional quality, which comes to comfort, safety, and welfare of the community. To prevent the occurrence of the above, it is necessary control the use of space, including improving product quality regulations on the use of valuable space to a logical and easy to implement in the field, and improve the performance of its control, including the provision of planning advice from the relevant office is provided with excellent service. Licensing system is easy to understand, because it compares only with the rules which have a legal basis, namely qanun or decision of the head region, but it is often difficult to implement due to various constraints, including some aspects that have been outlined above. That is, if the application for a license filed in accordance with the allocation of the use of space in spatial plan, then the application for a license is granted, otherwise if it does not match, then the permit is rejected. Licensing commonly used to control the space between the other (1) permits the location of the land acquisition, (2) building permits, (3) permits the use of the building, (4) permits a place of business, and (5) permits interference. For example, building permit application, if the building for commercial 798


activities and services are placed at appropriate locations with the spatial plan applies, the applicant may be granted permission. Next is the provision of incentives and disincentives, which is the prize for the citizens who obey the rules and space utilization to sanction the violation. Implementation of incentives and disincentives, for example through taxation and access to infrastructure and facilities services. Such as providing relief to the people who obey the rules, and taxation more expensive for violating the rules. In Undang-Undang No. 26/2007 about Spatial Planning, Article 62 paragraph (2) point c provides that the public role in spatial planning can be done through participation in controlling utilization. Article 55 paragraphs (5) of the Act the same, mentioning that the role of the community can be done by submitting a report and/or complaints to the government or local government. So it is clear that the community can participate and assist the government in controlling the use of space or land. Thus the community is expected to participate from the beginning planning spatial planning. Conclusion The major challenge in spatial planning is in terms of controlling land use. Diversion of land use in general is due to weak control, monitoring, and evaluation. Therefore, controlling the spatial layout is a very important part in spatial planning. Therefore, in qanun on spatial planning, control must be accompanied by the use of space firm, consistent, and sustainable, so that spatial planning can be realized effectively and efficiently. In the opinion of zoning or land use regulation, should be emphasized again the mixed region (mixeduse), especially on the proportion of each function activity, so the area can be more functional and aesthetic. In addition, should also be emphasized about the general layout of the building, which is concerned with the amount and form of buildings, such as building envelope, building facade patterns, as well as building supplies and decorations. This needs to be done to minimize the use of one type of building (shops) that are considered completely functional for almost all activities, both in area offices, trade/services, education, or settlements. Space utilization plan should logically arranged, environmental quality, flexible, and easy to implement in the field. If not, then worry about irregularities in land use difficult to avoid. Therefore, since the beginning of the public and interested actors should be involved, even with monitoring. In addition, basic data (data base) are complete and accurate also be updated regularly, so the plan was not left with the situation on the ground, because the physical development of settlements which lasted rapidly and uncontrolled. This land-use plan must always be disseminated to the public, so that the appreciation of society and government officials on the importance of land-use rules. So that the spatial layout of activities deemed to be useful and needs of the various parties concerned. Finally, granting permits from the relevant office by government officials must follow the rules or the applicable qanun, which is not limited to permit only, but also includes monitoring and evaluation. Monitoring conducted to see whether the building or the activities carried out in accordance with the permission has been granted. Of this monitoring report will show the impact of land use or irregularities. Further evaluate the cause of the irregularities in land use, to provide recommendations. Form of recommendations made can be based on 2 (two) things: 1) the use of 799


space that is incompatible with spatial planning qanun applicable or 2) the spatial plan should be reviewed or revised. References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Budihardjo, Eko, 1994, Percikan Masalah Arsitektur, Perumahan, Perkotaan, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. Budihardjo, Eko, 1997, Lingkungan Binaan dan Tata Ruang Kota, Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta. Efendi, dkk, 2003 , Penyimpangan Pemanfaatan Ruang (Suatu Penelitian di Kota Banda Aceh), Laporan Hasil Penelitian, Lembaga Penelitian Unsyiah. Sofyan, dkk, 2009, Fenomena Perubahan Fungsi Kawasan Perumahan Menjadi Kawasan Bisnis Sebagai Akibat Pertumbuhan Kawasan, Laporan Hasil Penelitian, Lembaga Penelitian Unsyiah. Steiner, Frederick R, and Butler, Kent, 2007, Planning And Urban Design Standards, American Planning Association, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey. Sujarto, Djoko, 1985, Beberapa Pengertian Tentang Perencanaan Fisik, Penerbit Bharata Karya Aksara – Jakarta. Sunardi, 2004, Reformasi Perencanaan Tata Ruang Kota, Workshop dan Temu Alumni Magister Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah UGM, 9 – 11 September 2004. Wiryomartono, Bagoes P, 2002, Urbanitas dan Seni Bina Perkotaan, Balai Pustaka, Jakarta.

Ashfa Banda Aceh, February 15, 1973. Presentor graduated Master Degree Program (S2) in Architecture Urban Design from Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology Surabaya, Indonesia. He is an academic staff in Architecture Departement, Syiah Kuala University.

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Proceeding of. Click Here. Universiti Putra Malaysia March 26 th 28 th, Jointly Organized by :

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