Podpora přírodovědného a technického vzdělávání v Moravskoslezském kraji

Název projektu:

Podpora přírodovědného a technického vzdělávání v Moravskoslezském kraji

Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Název výstupu:

Výukový materiál

Účel:

Výuka metodou CLIL

Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:

1. ročník oboru Mechatronik

Jazyková úroveň: A2–B1

Autor:

Mgr. Kamila Weintrittová

Seznam témat 1.

Physical Units ............................................................................................ 6

2.

Mechanics – basic terms ......................................................................... 12

3.

Motion .................................................................................................... 16

4.

Uniformly Accelerated Motion ................................................................ 20

5.

Velocity ................................................................................................... 23

6.

Acceleration ............................................................................................ 27

7.

Free Fall .................................................................................................. 32

8.

Circular Motion ....................................................................................... 36

9.

Dynamics – introduction ......................................................................... 40

10.

Newton´s Laws of Motion ....................................................................... 44

11.

Momentum ............................................................................................. 48

12.

Friction .................................................................................................... 52

13.

Centripetal and Centrifugal Force ........................................................... 57

14.

Mechanical Work .................................................................................... 61

15.

Kinetic and Potential Energy ................................................................... 65

16.

Mechanical Energy .................................................................................. 69

17.

Law of Conservation of Energy ................................................................ 73

18.

Power, Efficiency..................................................................................... 78

19.

Mechanics of a Rigid Body ...................................................................... 82

20.

Rigid Body Motion................................................................................... 86

21.

Moment of a Force ................................................................................. 89

22.

Composition of Forces ............................................................................ 93

23.

A Couple of Forces .................................................................................. 96

24.

Centre of Mass ...................................................................................... 100

25.

The principle of Moments ..................................................................... 104

26.

Simple Machines ................................................................................... 109

27.

Rolling resistance .................................................................................. 114

28.

Properties of Liquids ............................................................................. 118

29.

Pascal´s Law .......................................................................................... 122

30.

Hydrostatic pressure ............................................................................. 125

31.

Atmospheric Pressure ........................................................................... 129

32.

Archimedes ´ Law .................................................................................. 133

33.

Solid Body Floating................................................................................ 137

34.

Fluid Flow .............................................................................................. 140

35.

Bernoulli´s Principle .............................................................................. 145

36.

Turbines ................................................................................................ 149

37.

Aerodynamics ....................................................................................... 153

38.

State of Matter ..................................................................................... 158

39.

Ideal Gas ............................................................................................... 162

40.

Kinetic Theory ....................................................................................... 166

41.

Thermodynamics .................................................................................. 171

42.

Measure Temperature .......................................................................... 175

43.

Heat Transformation ............................................................................. 179

44.

Matter State Changes ........................................................................... 184

45.

Ideal Gas State Equation ....................................................................... 187

46.

Thermodynamic Process ....................................................................... 191

47.

Isothermal/Isobaric/Isochoric Process .................................................. 195

48.

Adiabatic Process .................................................................................. 199

49.

Real Gas ................................................................................................ 204

50.

Solid Body Structure.............................................................................. 208

51.

Crystalline and Amorphous Solids ......................................................... 213

52.

Crystal Lattice ....................................................................................... 217

53.

Solid body Deformation ........................................................................ 221

54.

Hooke´s Law.......................................................................................... 224

55.

Thermal Expansion ................................................................................ 228

56.

Liquid Structure .................................................................................... 232

57.

Surface Tension..................................................................................... 236

58.

Elevation, Depression............................................................................ 239

59.

Thermal Expansion of Liquids................................................................ 244

60.

The Solar System ................................................................................... 248

61.

The Sun ................................................................................................. 252

62.

Stars ...................................................................................................... 256

63.

Galaxy ................................................................................................... 261

64.

Review .................................................................................................. 264

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Physical Units

Účel:

materiál pro výuku metodou CLIL

Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:

1. ročník obor Mechatronik

Jazyková úroveň: A2-B1 Časová dotace:

část vyučovací hodiny

Cíle aktivity: obsahový –

aktivizace poznatků o soustavě jednotek a jejich převodech

jazykový –

Big numbers, fractions, meaning of prepositions (nano, deci, kilo, giga etc)

Pomůcky:

PC, dataprojektor, interaktivní tabule

WORKSHEET NO. 1

YEAR: 1.

Physical Units

SUBJECT: Physics

1. Physical Units UNITS = clearly defined standards for measurement of physical quantities. There are seven SI base units in the International System of Units.

TASK 1: 1. Give some examples of derived units. 2. What are Physical Constants, give some examples. 3. What other systems of units do you know?1

TASK 2: Fill in the missing units and symbols: Quantity

SI unit Symbol

Mass Length Time Electric current Temperature Luminous intensity Amount of substance

1

SI Units and Physical Constants. 2007. Wiley online dictionary [online]. [cit. 2015-05-06]. Dostupné z: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470511329.indsp2/pdf

TASK 3: What do the following prefixes mean: deci, giga, nano, kilo? Convert: 10 decilitres to litres, 1.2 mm to km, 4362 g to kg.

TASK 4: Since the UK measurements are not interchangeable to SI units you need to know the conversions between both systems. Complete the table below: (If you need any help, go on http://chem105.tripod.com/index.html)2 English units Mile

SI unit Kilometer Meter Centimeter

Conversion 1ft=0.305 m

Pound Grams Gallon Kelvin

2

0 Degree C= 273.15 K

The International System of Units. 2014. Tripod [online]. [cit. 2015-05-12]. Dostupné z: http://chem105.tripod.com/index.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: 1. Joule, J for energy/work/heat, watt, W for power, volt, V for voltage, ohm, Ω for el. resistance etc. 2. Physical quantity universal in nature and constant in time: Planck´s c., the speed of light, the gravitational c. 3. British metrical system

TASK 2: Quantity

SI unit

Mass

kilogram

kg

Length

metre

m

Time

second

s

Electric current

ampere

A

Temperature

kelvin

K

Luminous intensity

candela

cd

Amount of substance mole

Symbol

mol

TASK 4: English units Mile Foot Inch Pound Ounce Gallon Celsius

SI unit Kilometer Meter Centimeter Grams Grams Liter Kelvin

Conversion 1 mile = 1.609 km 1ft= 0.305 m 1 inch = 2.52 cm 1 lb = 453.59 g 1 oz = 28.356 g 1 gallon = 3.79 l 0 Degree C= 273.15 K

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Amount of substance

əˈmaʊnt əv ˈsʌbstəns

látkové množství

Constant

ˈkɒnstənt

konstanta

Conversion

kənˈvɜːʃən

převod

Convert

kənˈvɜːt

převést (jednotky)

Defined

dɪˈfaɪnd

vymezený, definovaný

Degree

dɪˈgriː

stupeň

Electric current

ɪˈlektrɪk ˈkʌrənt

elektrický proud

Gallon

ˈgælən

galon

Interchangeable

ˌɪntəˈtʃeɪndʒəbəl

zaměnitelný

Length

leŋθ

délka

Luminous intensity

ˈluːmɪnəs ɪnˈtensɪtɪ

svítivost

Mass

mæs

hmotnost

Measure

ˈmeʒə

(z)měřit, rozměr/míra

Mile

maɪl

míle

Physical quantity

ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈkwɒntɪtɪ

fyzikální veličina

Pound

paʊnd

libra

Prefix

ˈpriːfɪks

předpona

SI base units

esˈʌɪ ˈbeɪs ˈjuːnɪts

SI derived units

esˈʌɪ dɪˈraɪvd ˈjuːnɪts

Standard

ˈstændəd

norma

Table

ˈteɪbəl

tabulka

Task

tɑːsk

úkol, úloha

Temperature

ˈtemprɪtʃə

teplota

Unit

ˈjuːnɪt

jednotka

základní soustavy odvozené soustavy

jednotky jednotky

si si

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Mechanics – basic terms

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Aktivizace pojmů k tématu mechanika

jazykový –

English and Czech terms and units

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 2

YEAR: 1.

Mechanics – basic terms

SUBJECT: Physics

2. Mechanics – basic terms Classical mechanics is concerned with the set of physical laws describing the motion of bodies under the action of a system of forces.

TASK 1: Fill in the symbols, units and the Czech equivalents to English terms: English momentum velocity work energy force acceleration

Symbol

Unit

TASK 2: Match the Czech terms to their English equivalents gravitace

free fall

přímočarý rovnoměrný pohyb

momentum

tření

mass

hybnost

gravity

volný pád

friction

Czech

linear motion3

hmota Solution:

TASK 1: English momentum velocity work energy force acceleration

Symbol p v W E F a

Unit Kg*m/s Km/h joule joule newton m/s2

Czech hybnost rychlost práce energie síla zrychlení

TASK 2: gravitace – gravity, přímočarý pohyb – linear motion, tření – friction, hybnost – momentum, volný pád – free fall, hmota – mass

3

CIVE1140:Fundamentals of Mechanics. 2002. Http://www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1140/section01/index.html [online]. [cit. 2015-0506]. Dostupné z: http://www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1140/section01/index.html

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Acceleration

ækˌseləˈreɪʃən

zrychlení

Basic term

ˈbeɪsɪk ˈtɜːm

základní pojem, termín

Concern with sth.

kənˈsɜːn ˈwɪθ ˈsʌmθɪŋ

zabývat se něčím

Describe

dɪˈskraɪb

popsat

Equivalent

ɪˈkwɪvələnt

ekvivalent

Fill in

ˈfɪl ˈɪn

doplnit

Force

fɔːs

síla

Free fall

ˈfriː ˈfɔːl

volný pád

Friction

ˈfrɪkʃən

tření

Gravity

ˈgrævɪtɪ

gravitace

Linear motion

ˈlɪnɪə ˈməʊʃən

přímočarý pohyb

Match

mætʃ

přiřadit

Mechanics

mɪˈkænɪk

mechanika

Momentum

məʊˈmentəm

hybnost

Physical laws

ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈlɔːz

fyzikální zákony

Velocity

vɪˈlɒsɪtɪ

rychlost

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Motion

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Sumarizace a upevnění poznatků o přímočarém pohybu

jazykový –

Guessing a meaning from the context

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 3

Motion

SUBJECT: Physics

3. Motion TASK 1: Complete the definition of linear motion: Motion at a c.......................speed and in a s....................line.

TASK 2: Draw the graphs of linear and uniformly accelerated motion and explain the differences. Can you guess the meaning of the word accelerated?

TASK 3: 1. Give some examples of uniformly accelerated motion from dayto- day live. 2. What sports use linear motion?4

4

Uniform motion. 2014. Http://physics.tutorvista.com/motion/uniform-motion.html [online]. [cit. 2015-05-06]. Dostupné z: http://physics.tutorvista.com/motion/uniform-motion.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: Motion at a constant speed and in a straight line.

TASK 2, 3: Ss´ own answers

Dictionary Pronunciation

English

Czech

Complete

kəmˈpliːt

doplnit, dodělat

Constant

ˈkɒnstənt

konstantní, neměnný

Definition

ˌdefɪˈnɪʃən

definice

Difference

ˈdɪfrəns

rozdíl

Graph

grɑːf

graf, diagram

Guess

ges

hádat, odhadovat

Meaning

ˈmiːnɪŋ

význam, smysl

Straight

streɪt

přímý

Uniformly

ˈjuːnɪˌfɔːmli

rovnoměrně

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Uniformly Accelerated Motion

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Znaky, grafické znázornění rovnoměrně zrychleného pohybu

jazykový –

Word formation

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 4

Uniformly Accelerated Motion

SUBJECT: Physics

4. Uniformly Accelerated Motion 1. What is the difference between linear and uniformly accelerated motion? Suggest the meaning and the way of formation of the word accelerated. 2. Give some examples of uniformly accelerated motion from everyday life. 3. Look at the graphs of uniformly accelerated motion at http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-mathstechnology/science/physics-and-astronomy/describing-motionalong-line/content-section-1.6.1 4. Describe the changes of velocity, acceleration and position depending on time. 5. Create a simple table showing the results of your findings.5

5

Describing motion along the line. 2015. Http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-mathstechnology/science/physics-and-astronomy/describing-motion-along-line/content-section-1.6.1 [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z: http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-mathstechnology/science/physics-and-astronomy/describing-motion-along-line/content-section-1.6.1

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Depend on

dɪˈpend ɒn

záviset na

Findings

ˈfaɪndɪŋz

nálezy, závěry, zjištění

Result

rɪˈzʌlt

výsledek

Suggest

səˈdʒest

navrhnout

Uniformly accelerated

ˈjuːnɪˌfɔːmlɪ ækˈseləˌreɪtɪd

rovnoměrně zrychlený

Way of formation

ˈweɪ ˈɒv fɔːˈmeɪʃən

způsob vytvoření

Word

wɜːd

slovo

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Velocity

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Rychlost a její matematické vyjádření

jazykový –

Comparison, using adjectives

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 5

YEAR: 1.

Velocity

SUBJECT: Physics

5. Velocity Tells us how much an object's position changes in time

TASK 1: 1. Does the speed and velocity mean the same?

2. What are the main differences between them? 3. Can you explain what average velocity is and how it can be calculated.

TASK 2: 1. What is the velocity and speed of an object travelling from its starting point and returning to the same point? 2. Theresa has to walk to the shop to buy some milk. After walking 100m, she realises that she does not have enough money, and goes back home. If it took her two minutes to leave and come back, calculate the following: 

How far did she walk?



What was her average velocity?

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: 1. No, it does not 2. Speed: depends on the path taken, is always positive, is a scalar Velocity: independent on the path taken, positive or negative, is a vector 3. average velocity - the total displacement of a body over a time interval, is describing by the formula: 𝑣=

TASK 2: Ss´ own answers

∆𝑠 1 𝑚 = = 1𝑚𝑠 −1 ∆𝑡 1𝑠

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Average

ˈævrɪdʒ

průměr, průměrný

Calculate

ˈkælkjʊˌleɪt

(vy)počítat

Displacement

dɪsˈpleɪsmənt

vytlačení, odsunutí, nahrazení

Formula

ˈfɔːmjʊlə

vzorec

Mean

miːn

znamenat

Object

ˈɒbdʒɪkt

předmět, objekt

Path

pɑːθ

dráha (pohybu)

Point

pɔɪnt

bod, místo

Realise

ˈrɪəˌlaɪz

uvědomit si

Vector

ˈvektə

vektor

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Acceleration

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Podstata zrychleného pohybu, matematické vyjádření zrychlení

jazykový –

Quantifiers (either, neither, both, some, any)

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 6

Acceleration

SUBJECT: Physics

6. Acceleration TASK 1: Read the text about acceleration, if necessary check the meaning of unknown words in your vocabulary list: Acceleration is a vector quantity (with both magnitude and direction) that is defined as the rate at which an object changes its velocity. An object is accelerating if it is changing its velocity, no matter if it neither sped up nor slowed down. In everyday life the meaning of acceleration is often confused either by sports announcers or other people. The object or person is saying to accelerate when moving fast. Yet acceleration has nothing to do with going fast. If they are not changing their velocity, then they are not accelerating. There are two kinds of acceleration: average and instantaneous. Calculating acceleration involves dividing velocity by time. Thus the SI unit is the meter per second squared. Since acceleration is a vector quantity, it has a direction associated with it. Generally, if an object is slowing down, then its acceleration is in the opposite direction of its motion. 6

6

Acceleration. The Physics Classroom [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z:

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Acceleration

TASK 2: Check your understanding. 1. Give the symbol, formula and unit of acceleration. 2. Can the acceleration be both positive and negative? 3. Does the object accelerate when moving fast? 4. What does the slogan “zero to sixty in 7.6 second” known from car ads refer to? 5. A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds. Determine the acceleration.

SOLUTION:

TASK 2: 1. a = Δ v/Δ t, m/s/s 2. Yes. 3. No, if there is no change in velocity. 4. A car takes 6.7 s to reach a speed of 60 mph starting from a complete stop. 5. vi = 18.5 m/s, vf = 46.1 m/s, t = 2.47 s, a = ? a = Δ v/Δ t = (46.1 m/s - 18.5 m/s)/(2.47 s) = 11.2 m/s2

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Acceleration

ækˌseləˈreɪʃən

zrychlení

Announcer

əˈnaʊnsə

hlasatel

Average acceleration

ˈæv(ə)rɪdʒ ækˌseləˈreɪʃən

průměrné zrychlení

Check

tʃek

zkontrolovat, (pr)ověřit

Confuse

kənˈfjuːz

poplést, zaměnit

Define

dɪˈfaɪn

definovat, stanovit

Determine

dɪˈtɜːmɪn

určit, stanovit

Direction

daɪ-/dɪˈrekʃən

směr

Divide by sth.

dɪˈvaɪd ˈbaɪ ˈsʌmθɪŋ

vydělit něčím

Either… or

ˈaɪðə/ ˈiːðə ˈɔː

buď… (a)nebo

Instantaneous acceleration

ˌɪnstənˈteɪnɪəs ækˌseləˈreɪʃən

okamžité zrychlení

Magnitude

ˈmægnɪˌtjuːd

rozměr, rozsah, velikost

Rate

reɪt

míra, frekvence

Since

sɪns

protože, vzhledem k tomu, že

Squared

ˈskweəd

čtvereční, na druhou

Vector quantity

ˈvektə ˈkwɒntɪtɪ

vektorová veličina

Velocity

vɪˈlɒsɪtɪ

rychlost

Yet

jet

přesto

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Free Fall

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:

1. ročník oboru Nechatronik




Vysvětlení podstaty volného pádu, příklady z praxe

jazykový –

Verb forms (Present Perfect)

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 7

YEAR: 1.

Free Fall

SUBJECT: Physics

7. Free Fall Any object which is being acted upon only by the force of gravity is in a state called free fall; it does not encounter air resistance

TASK 1: 1. A free-falling object has a special acceleration. Give its symbol and numerical value. 2. Does this numerical value changes in different gravitational environments or is still the same?

TASK 2: The distance that a free-falling object has fallen from a position of rest depends on the time of fall and is given by the formula: 𝑑 = 0.5 ∙ 𝑔 ∙ 𝑡 2 Calculate the distance after a time given and draw the diagram showing the results for a free-falling object dropped from a position of rest.7 TIME 0s DISTANCE

7

1s

2s

3s

4s

5s

Introduction to free fall. 2015. The physics classroom/1DKin/Lesson-5/Introduction [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-5/Introduction

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: It´s known as the acceleration of gravity: g = 9.8 m/s/s and it changes its numerical value in different gravitational environments.

TASK 2: TIME 0s 1s 2s DISTANCE 0m 9,8m 19.6m

3s 29m

4s 5s 39.2m 49m

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Air resistance

ˈeə rɪˈzɪstəns

odpor vzduchu

Characteristic

ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪk

vlastnost, znak

Consider

kənˈsɪdə

brát v úvahu

Diagram

ˈdaɪəˌgræm

schéma, graf

Downwards

ˈdaʊnwədz

směrem dolů

Earth

ɜːθ

Země

Environment

ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt

prostředí

Gravity

ˈgrævɪtɪ

gravitace

Numerical value

njuːˈmerɪkəl ˈvæljuː

číselná odnota

Position of rest

pəˈzɪʃən ˈɒv ˈrest

klidová poloha

State

steɪt

stav

Value

ˈvæljuː

hodnota

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Circular Motion

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Charakteristika pohybu po kružnici, základní pojmy

jazykový –

Object description

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 8

YEAR: 1.

Circular Motion

SUBJECT: Physics

8. Circular Motion

Obrázek 1 Graph of Circular motion

8

TASK 1: 1. Describe the graph of circular motion and give the formulas for calculating angular velocity and acceleration.

2. Why is an object accelerating when undergoing uniform circular motion and moving with a constant speed? 3. What is it a net force? 4. Can you give an example of the circular motion in any sports? 9

8

9

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circular_motion_of_point_mass.png?uselang=cs

Uniform circular motion. 2015. Sparknotes [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z: http://www.sparknotes.com/physics/dynamics/uniformcircularmotion/section1.rhtml

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: 𝑑𝜃

 Angular velocity formula: v = r 𝑑𝑡 , acceleration formula: a = 𝑣2 𝑟

 Since velocity is a vector with both – magnitude and direction, changes in the magnitude/direction mean a change in the velocity, thus the object is accelerating.  A centripetal force which is directed towards the centre of the circle, it causes the object moving round the circle.  Any turn.

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Accelerate

ækˈseləˌreɪt

zrychlit

Angular velocity

ˈæŋgjʊlə vɪˈlɒsɪtɪ

úhlová rychlost

Centripetal

ˌsɛntrɪˈpiːt(ə)l

dostředivý

Circular motion

ˈsɜːkjʊlə ˈməʊʃən

pohyb po kružnici

Constant speed

ˈkɒnstənt ˈspi:d

konstantní rychlost

Thus

ðʌs

tudíž

Undergo

ˌʌndəˈgəʊ

podstoupit

Uniform

ˈjuːnɪˌfɔːm

rovnoměrný

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Dynamics - introduction

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Seznámení se základními pojmy, symboly, jednotkami

jazykový –

Basic English terms and their Czech equivalents, language transformation

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 9

YEAR: 1.

Dynamics - introduction

SUBJECT: Physics

9. Dynamics – introduction TASK 1: Translate the following characteristics of dynamics:  odvětví fyziky zabývající se příčinami vzniku a změn pohybu  je protikladem kinematiky

TASK 2: Match the terms to their definitions, give the Czech equivalents. 1. force 2. inertia 3. inertial reference frame 4. mass 5. newton 6. weight a) the gravitational force exerted on a given mass b) the amount of matter in a given body c) any frame in which Newton´s Laws are valid d) the tendency of an object to remain at constant velocity e) it is defined as a push and a pull f) a unit of force

SOLUTION:


TASK 2: 1e, 2d, 3c, 4b, 5f, 6a

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Amount

əˈmaʊnt

množství

Branch

brɑːntʃ

obor, odvětví

Concern

kənˈsɜːnd

zabývat se

Dynamics

daɪˈnæmɪks

dynamika

Exert

ɪgˈzɜːt

vyvíjet

Gravitational

ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənəl

gravitační

Inertia

ɪˈnɜːʃə

setrvačnost

Kinematics

ˌkɪnɪˈmatɪks

kinematika

Mass

mæs

masa

Matter

ˈmætə

hmota, látka

Physics

ˈfɪzɪks

fyzika

Remain

rɪˈmeɪn

zůstat

Tendency

ˈtendənsɪ

sklon, tendence

The opposite

ˈɒpəzɪt/ ˈɒpəsɪt

protiklad

Unit

ˈjuːnɪt

jednotka

Valid

ˈvælɪd

platný

Weight

weɪt

váha

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Newton´s Laws of Motion

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Znění a aplikace Newtonových zákonů

jazykový –

Improving listening skills

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 10

YEAR: 1.

Newton´s Laws of Motion

SUBJECT: Physics

10. Newton´s Laws of Motion Watch the video and then do the tasks: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mn34mnnDnKU

TASK 1: Fill in the gaps with the missing words: 1. A particle will ........... at rest or ......... with its motion , unless acted upon by an ............. force 2. The force on an object is .........to its ........multiplied by its .................... 𝐹 =𝑚∗𝑎 3. Every action has a/n ............. and ................reaction

10

TASK 2:  Give some examples of Newton´s laws application in everyday life.

10

Newton´s 3 (three) laws of Motion. 2013. Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mn34mnnDnKU [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mn34mnnDnKU

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: 1. remain, in line, external 2. equal, mass, acceleration 3. equal, opposite,


Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Application

ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən

využití, uplatnění

Equal

ˈiːkwəl

rovnat se, být roven

Everyday life

ˈevrɪˌdeɪ ˈlaɪf

všední život

Gap

gæp

mezera

Law

lɔː

zákon

Multiply

ˈmʌltɪˌplaɪ

násobit

Particle

ˈpɑːtɪkəl

částice

Reaction

rɪˈækʃən

reakce

Unless

ʌnˈles

pokud ne

Upon

əˈpɒn

na, za, po

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Momentum

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Aktivizace poznatků a jejich praktické využití

jazykový –

Making predictions

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 11

Momentum

SUBJECT: Physics

11. Momentum MOMENTUM can be defined as “mass in motion”. Can you guess why it is important in predicting the outcome of a collision?

TASK 1: The momentum of a moving object depends on: •

its ..................1)

•

its ..................2)

as can be seen from its formula: p = m * v Momentum is a .............3) quantity its unit is ..................4)

TASK 2: A car possesses 20 000 units of momentum. What would be the car's new momentum if  its velocity was doubled  its mass was doubled  both the velocity and mass were doubled11

11

Momentum. 2015. The Physics classroom [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z:

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/momentum/u4l1a.cfm

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: 1) mass, 2) velocity, 3) vector, 4) kg * m/s

TASK 2:  p = 40 000 units (doubling the velocity will double the momentum)  p = 40 000 units (doubling the mass will double the momentum)  p = 80 000 units (doubling the velocity will double the momentum and doubling the mass will also double the momentum)

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Collision

kəˈlɪʒən

střet, kolize, srážka

Double

ˈdʌbəl

zdvojnásobit

Important

ɪmˈpɔːtənt

důležitý

Momentum

məʊˈmentəm

hybnost

Outcome

ˈaʊtˌkʌm

výsledek

Possess

pəˈzes

mít, vlastnit

Predict

prɪˈdɪkt

předpovídat

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Friction

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Shrnutí a opakování učiva a klíčových pojmů

jazykový –

Adjectives and their forms

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 12

SUBJECT: Physics

Friction

12. Friction TASK 1: Check the meaning of key words before doing the tasks: resistive force, pushing force, solid object, friction, static, kinetic, sliding, rolling, fluid, adhesion, surface, roughness, braking distance

TASK 2: Describe the diagram bellow: explain what friction generally is, what kind of friction force is applied and what type of friction is shown.

Obrázek 2 Friction force

12

TASK 3: Think! What is the practical use of braking distance and friction in everyday life? 13

12

File:Friction diagram.png. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Friction_diagram.png 13

Resistive Force of Friction. School for Champions [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z: http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/friction.htm#.VVchuvntmko

TASK 4: 1. What is the difference between static and kinetic friction, which is greater? 2. Give the names of three major types of friction and some examples from everyday life.

SOLUTION:

TASK 2: Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. In the picture we can see example of kinetic sliding friction.

TASK 3: It is essential for calculating the stopping distance of a vehicle.

TASK 4: Static friction – there is no motion, pushing force is less than resistive force of friction Kinetic friction – objects move, pushing force is greater than friction. Static friction is greater than kinetic Type of friction:  sliding - accelerating car on vet surface  rolling - moving huge blocks of stone using logs and rollers  fluid – any movement of water flowing through a hose

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Adhesion

ədˈhiːʒən

přilnavost, adheze

Braking distance

ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈdɪstəns

brzdná vzdálenost/dráha

Fluid

ˈfluːɪd

tekutina, kapalina

Friction

ˈfrɪkʃən

tření

Key word

ˈkiːˌwɜːd

klíčové slovo

Kinetic

kɪˈnetɪk

kinetický, pohybový

Motion

ˈməʊʃən

pohyb

Push

pʊʃ

tlačit

Resistive force

rɪˈzɪstɪv ˈfɔːs

odporová síla

Roll

rəʊl

valit (se), kutálet (se)

Roughness

rʌfnɪs / rʌfnəs

hrubost, drsnost

ˈslaɪd

klouzat

Solid

ˈsɒlɪd

tuhý, pevný (skupenství)

Static

ˈstætɪk

nehybný, statický

Surface

ˈsəːfɪs

povrch

Slide (pt slid/slidden)

slid,

pp

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Centripetal and Centrifugal Force

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Rozdíl mezi odstředivou a dostředivou silou, praktické využití

jazykový –

Present Simple questions

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 13

Centripetal and Centrifugal Force

SUBJECT: Physics

13. Centripetal and Centrifugal Force

14

Obrázek 3 Diagram of Centripetal and Centrifugal Force

TASK 1: In pairs ask and answer questions about centripetal and centrifugal force in order to summarize your knowledge. Use the diagram and following hints: equal and opposite, real force, tendency to fly away, circular motion, Newton´s laws , the centre of the circular path, mass, velocity radius,

TASK 2: THINK! The centrifugal force is thought to cause a body to fly out of its circular path when it is released. Is it true?15

14

File:Centripetal force and reaction.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Centripetal_force_and_reaction.svg?uselang=cs

15

Centripetal force and centrifugal force. Infoplease [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z:

http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/centripetal-force-centrifugal-force.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: Ss´ own questions/answers

TASK 2: In fact it is the removal of the centripetal force that allows the body to travel in a straight line as required by Newton's first law.

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Axis

ˈæksɪs

osa

Centrifugal

ˌsɛntrɪˈfjuːg(ə)l

odstředivý

Centripetal

ˌsɛntrɪˈpiːt(ə)l

dostředivý

Circular

ˈsəːkjʊlə

kruhový

Hint

hɪnt

nápověda, tip

Knowledge

ˈnɒlɪdʒ

vědomost(i)

Opposite

ˈɒpəzɪt/ ˈɒpəsɪt

opačný

Radius

ˈreɪdɪəs

poloměr

Release

rɪˈliːs

uvolnit, pustit

Rotation

rəʊˈteɪʃən

rotace, otáčení

ˈsʌməˌraɪz

shrnout

Summarize summarise)

(BrE

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Mechanical Work

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Aplikace získaných poznatků v praxi, shrnutí učiva

jazykový –

Conditionals

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 14

YEAR: 1.

Mechanical Work

SUBJECT: Physics

14. Mechanical Work When a force is used to move something, the work is done, it is the transfer of mechanical energy. Work done = force x distance = ................................1) The unit is ......................2), it is a ........................3) quantity.

TASK 1:  Is work done if nothing is actually moving (no matter how great the force is)?  If there is positive work, can negative work be done as well?  What is the work done if the forces act at angles to the direction of motion? 16

16

Introduction to Work and Energy. 2015. Boundless.com [online]. [cit. 2015-05-15]. Dostupné z: https://www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/boundless-physics-textbook/work-and-energy6/introduction-60/introduction-to-work-and-energy-273-6944/

SOLUTION: Missing words: 1) W=F*d, 2) joule, 3) vector

TASK 1:  NO, because the distance is 0.  YES, it usually acts in the opposite direction.  W = F*d*cos 

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Actually

ˈæktʃʊəlɪ

skutečně, ve skutečnosti

Angle

ˈæŋgəl

úhel

Distance

ˈdɪstəns

vzdálenost

Joule

dʒuːl

joule (jednotka)

Mechanical work

mɪˈkænɪkəl ˈwɜːk

mechanická práce

Move

muːv

hýbat (se), pohnout (se)

Nothing

ˈnʌθɪŋ

nic

Transfer

ˈtrænsfɜː

přenos

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Kinetic and Potential Energy

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Sumarizace rozdílů mezi kinetickou a potenciální energií

jazykový –

Passive voice

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 15

YEAR: 1.

Kinetic and Potential Energy

SUBJECT: Physics

15. Kinetic and Potential Energy TASK 1: Choose the correct option: 1. Kinetic energy is energy due to position/motion. 1

2. It is defined by equation: E= m*s2 / v2. 2

3. Where m is weight/mass. 4. The work done on a body is equal to/different to its change in kinetic energy. 5. If you double the speed, the minimum stopping distance will be quadrupled/the same.

6. The work that can be done to an object is called potential/ mechanical. 7. It does not matter/matters what path is taken.17

TASK 2: In your own words summarize what you have already known about the topic using passive voice if possible.

17

What is Energy? 2006. Railroad Commision - Energy Education [online]. [cit. 2015-05-15]. Dostupné z: http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/energy/section_1/topics/what_is_energy/index.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: 1) motion, 2) v2 , 3) mass, 4) equal to, 5) quadrupled, 6) mechanical, 7) matters


Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Body

ˈbɒdɪ

těleso

Choose

tʃuːz

vybrat

Correct

kəˈrekt

správný

Define

dɪˈfaɪn

vymezit, definovat

Due to

djuː tuː

kvůli, díky

Equation

ɪˈkweɪʒən/ ɪˈkweɪʃən

rovnice

Kinetic

kɪˈnetɪk

kinetický

Option

ˈɒpʃən

možnost

Position

pəˈzɪʃən

poloha

Potential

pəˈtenʃəl

potenciální

Quadrupled

ˈkwɒdrʊp(ə)ld

čtyřnásobný

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Mechanical Energy

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Shrnutí a upevnění učiva

jazykový –

Word order

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 16

YEAR: 1.

Mechanical Energy

SUBJECT: Physics

16. Mechanical Energy MECHANICAL ENERGY is the sum of a body´s kinetic and potential energy: E= EK + EP

TASK 1: Put the words to the correct order to make sentences: 1. contains/object/mechanical energy/every/in motion. 2. type of energy/converted/mechanical energy/cannot be/to another. 3. position and motion/of an object/with/is associated/the mechanical energy/its. 4. can convert/machines/heat/some/mechanical energy/into. 5. mechanical energy/an object/has the ability/if/contains/to do work/it. 6. in

temperature/it

decreases/when/an

object/mechanical

energy/loses.18

TASK 2: Decide if the statements above are true or false.

18

Mechanical Energy Facts. 2015. SoftSchools.com [online]. [cit. 2015-05-14]. Dostupné z: http://www.softschools.com/facts/energy/mechanical_energy_facts/396/

SOLUTION:

TASK 1, 2: 1. Every object in motion contains mechanical energy. T 2. Mechanical energy cannot be converted to another type of energy. F 3. The mechanical energy of an object is associated with its position and motion. T 4. Some machines can convert heat into mechanical energy. T 5. If an object contains mechanical energy, it has an ability to do work. T 6. When an object loses mechanical energy, it decreases in temperature. F

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Ability

əˈbɪlɪti

schopnost

Associate with

əˈsəʊʃɪˌeɪt ˈwɪθ

spojovat (si) s

Contain

kənˈteɪn

obsahovat

Convert

kənˈvɜːt

přeměnit

Decrease

dɪˈkriːs

klesnout, zmenšit (se)

Heat

hiːt

teplo, horko

Lose (pt&pp lost)

luːz

ztratit

Statement

ˈsteɪtmənt

tvrzení, výrok

Sum

sʌm

součet

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Law of Conservation of Energy

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:

1. ročník oboru Mecharonik




Objasnění fyzikálního zákona a jeho praktické využití

jazykový –

Prepositions (to, out, from through)

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 17

YEAR: 1.

Law of Conservation of Energy

SUBJECT: Physics

17. Law of Conservation of Energy ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED. IT CAN BE TRANSFERED FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER. (The total amount of energy in a closed system will remain the same) Total energy in = Total energy out In a car several energy transformations are involved:  Chemical energy in the fuel converted to kinetic energy of expanding gas  Kinetic energy of expanding gas converted to linear piston movement  Linear piston movement converted to rotary crankshaft movement19

TASK 1: What are the most common types of energy? Give some examples of practical application in everyday life.

19

Law of conservation of energy. Nyu.edu [online]. 2011 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:

http://www.nyu.edu/classes/tuckerman/adv.chem/lectures/lecture_2/node4.html

TASK 2: What energy transformation is involved? (see the example) Heat engine Generator Hydroelectric dam Lamp Nuclear power plant Windmill Friction Solar cells Microphone

heat → mechanical energy

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: Types of energy: mechanical, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear, solar, fluid power, sound etc.

TASK 2: Heat engine heat → mechanical energy Generator kinetic → electricity Hydroelectric dam gravitational potential e. → electricity Lamp electrical e. → heat, light Nuclear power plant nuclear e. → heat → electricity Windmill wind e. → electricity or mechanical energy Friction kinetic e. → heat Solar cells light → electricity Microphone sound → electricity

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Closed system

kləʊzd ˈsɪstəm

uzavřený systém

Conservation of energy

ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən ɒv ˈenədʒɪ

zachování energie

Crankshaft

ˈkræŋkˌʃɑːft

kliková hřídel

Create

kriːˈeɪt

vytvořit

Destroy

dɪˈstrɔɪ

zničit

Expanding gas

gæs

rozpínající se plyn

Form

fɔːm

forma, druh

Fuel

fjʊəl

palivo

Hydroelectric dam

ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˈlektrɪk ˈdæm

přehrada, vodní dílo

Lamp

læmp

lampa, svítilna

Nuclear power plant

ˈnjuːklɪə ˈpaʊə ˈplɑːnt

jaderná elektrárna

Piston

ˈpɪstən

píst

Solar cell

ˈsəʊlə

solární baterie/článek

Total

ˈtəʊtəl

celkový

Transfer

trænsˈfɜː

přenést

Windmill

ˈwɪndˌmɪl

větrný mlýn

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Power, Efficiency

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Praktický význam výkonu a účinnosti, matematické vyjádření

jazykový –

Using mathematical symbols and terminology

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 18

Power, Efficiency

SUBJECT: Physics

18. Power, Efficiency POWER is work done per second or amount of energy transformed per second, it is usually expressed by formula P = W/t, SI unit is watt.

TASK 1: Power is also

FORCE x VELOCITY = P = F*v

Do you know how to get the formula above? (It is useful to know, especially if the speed is given in an exercise)

EFFICIENCY deals with the utilization of energy in a system. Imagine the following situation: In a furnace, fuel oil is burned to produce heat. If all of the fuel oil is consumed the furnace would be 100% efficient. But in reality a furnace is only 80 to 85% efficient.

TASK 2: 7. Explain what the reason for 85% efficiency is. 8. Give at least one way how to calculate efficiency. 9. What is the practical use of efficiency?20 SOLUTION: 20

Power and Efficiency. S-cool the revision website [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z: http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/physics/energy-calculations/revise-it/power-and-efficiency

TASK 1:  1st step

P = W/t

 2nd step W = F*s, which gives P = F*s/t  3rd step

v = s/t, which gives you s = v*t, which you can

substitute into the above equation to give

TASK 2: 1. Heat lost in the chimney, unburned fuel 2. Power out/power in x 100% = efficiency 3. Ss´ own answers

P = F*v

Dictionary English Chimney

Pronunciation ˈtʃɪmnɪ

Czech komín

Deal with sth. (pt&pp ˈdiːl ˈwɪθ ˈsʌmθɪŋ dealt)

zabývat se něčím

Efficiency

ɪˈfɪʃənsɪ

účinnost

Especially

ɪˈspeʃəlɪ

(ob)zvláště, především

Express

ɪkˈspres

vyjádřit

Furnace

ˈfɜːnɪs

pec (spalovací)

Power (P)

ˈpaʊə

výkon

Substitute

ˈsʌbstɪˌtjuːt

nahradit

Useful

ˈjuːsfəl

užitečný

Usually

ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ

obvykle

Utilization

ˌjuːtɪlɪˈzeɪʃən

využití, zužitkování

Watt

wɒt

watt

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Mechanics of a Rigid Body

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Seznámení se základní terminologií

jazykový –

Expressing causes and effects

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 19

YEAR: 1.

Mechanics of a Rigid Body

SUBJECT: Physics

19. Mechanics of a Rigid Body RIGID BODY can be defined as a particular system of particles which does not deform.

TASK 1: Could you explain the difference between external and internal forces and their effects?

TASK 2: Each rigid body can move. What types of motion do you know?

TASK 3: Do you know what free body diagram is and what it is used for?21

What forces are acting on the block? Obrázek 4 Free Body Diagram

22

21

Mechanics of Rigid Body. Www.uclm.es [online]. 1994 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z: http://www.uclm.es/profesoradO/ajbarbero/FF_English/Mechanics%20of%20Rigid%20Body%20Ia.%2 0Physics08.pdf

22

File:Free body diagram.png. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2007 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Free_body_diagram.png?uselang=cs

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: The external forces represent the action of other bodies on the rigid body under consideration. The internal forces are the forces which hold together the particles forming the rigid body. Only external forces can impart to the rigid body a motion of translation or rotation or both. The effect of an external force on a rigid body remains unchanged if that force is moved along its line of action.

TASK 2: Types of motion: translation, rotation, general plane motion

TASK 3: Usually a rough working sketch used to analyse the forces and moments acting on a body. Forces acting on the block: normal pushing force, friction, gravitational force.

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Act on sth.

ˈækt ˈɒn ˈsʌmθɪŋ

působit na něco (těleso)

As

æz

jako

Between

bɪˈtwiːn

mezi

Deform

dɪˈfɔːm

(z)deformovat (se)

Effect

ɪˈfekt

účinek, dopad

External

ɪkˈstɜːnəl

vnější

General plane motion

ˈdʒenərəl ˈpleɪn ˈməʊʃən

obecný rovinný pohyb

Internal

ɪnˈtɜːnəl

vnitřní

Know

nəʊ

vědět, znát

Particular

pəˈtɪkjʊlə

určitý, konkrétní

Rigid body

ˈrɪdʒɪd ˈbɒdɪ

tuhé těleso

Rotation

rəʊˈteɪʃən

otáčivý (rotační) pohyb

Rough

rʌf

hrubý, přibližný

Sketch

sketʃ

náčrt

Translation

trænsˈleɪʃən

posuvný (translační) pohyb

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Rigid Body Motion

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Aktivizace učiva, grafické zobrazení pohybu tělesa

jazykový –

Picture description

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 20

YEAR: 1.

Rigid Body Motion

SUBJECT: Physics

20. Rigid Body Motion TASK 1: Explain the following terms: rigid body, external and internal forces, free body diagram, translation, rotation. Can you guess what does the term non – rigid body mean?

TASK 2: What types of rigid body motion do you know? Can you give any examples of each type from everyday life?

TASK 3: Draw a simple free body diagram showing acting forces:23  a man climbing a rope  a person going upstairs  a flying plane

23

Free body diagram. Google [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:

https://www.google.cz/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF8#q=free+body+diagram

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Acting forces

ˈæktɪŋ ˈfɔːsɪz

působící síly

Climb

klaɪm

šplhat

Draw (pt drew, pp drawn)

drɔː

nakreslit

Example

ɪgˈzɑːmpəl

příklad

Explain

ɪkˈspleɪn

vysvětlit

Fly (pt flew, pp flown)

flaɪ

letět

Following

ˈfɒləʊɪŋ

následující

Rope

rəʊp

provaz, lano

Show (pt showed, pp shown/showed)

ʃəʊ

ukazovat

Simple

ˈsɪmpəl

jednoduchý

Upstairs

ˈʌpˈsteəz

nahoru (do vyššího poschodí)

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Moment of a Force

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Účinky sil působících na tuhé těleso

jazykový –

Correlative comparative

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 21

Moment of a Force

SUBJECT: Physics

21. Moment of a Force TASK 1: Another name for a moment of a force is torque, which in Czech means kroutící moment. What kind of movement it can impart to a rigid body?

TASK 2: 1. Why it is easier to undo a bolt using a long spanner than a short spanner? 2. Why door handles are near the edge of doors?

TASK 3: The equation of a moment of a force is:  Moment = Force x Perpendicular Distance THUS: The ………1) the …………2) causing the turning effect the …………..3) the …………..4) will be. The …………5) the force is from the pivot the bigger the moment will be.24 (fill in: further, moment, force, bigger 2x) SOLUTION:

24

Moments. S-cool, the revision website [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z: http://www.scool.co.uk/gcse/physics/forces-moments-and-pressure/revise-it/moments

TASK 1: The moment of a force is a measure of its tendency to cause a body to rotate about a specific point or axis.

TASK 2: 1. This is because more turning force is produced at the bolt -pivot with less effort. A long spanner is an example of a force multiplier. 2. Because it requires less force to open/close the door.

TASK 3: 1) bigger, 2) force, 3) bigger, 4) moment, 5) further

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Axis

ˈæksɪs

osa

Bolt

bəʊlt

šroub (maticový)

Cause

kɔːz

způsobit

(door) handle

ˈdɔː ˈhændəl

klika

Edge

edʒ

(o)kraj

Effort

ˈefət

úsilí

Impart

ɪmˈpɑːt

dodat, dodávat

Measure

ˈmɛʒə

míra

Moment of force

ˈməʊmənt əv ˈfɔːs

moment síly

Near

nɪə

blízko

Perpendicular

ˌpɜːpənˈdɪkjʊlə

kolmý

Pivot

ˈpɪvət

otočný bod

Require

rɪˈkwaɪə

vyžadovat

Spanner

ˈspænə

maticový klíč

Torque

tɔːk

točivý moment, kroutící moment

Undo

ʌnˈduː

povolit

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Composition of Forces

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Shrnutí učiva o působení sil na těleso

jazykový –

Expressing opinions

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 22

YEAR: 1.

SUBJECT: Physics

Composition of Forces

22. Composition of Forces TASK 1: Word

shower:

coplanar/concurrent/resultant

force,

skládání/

rozkládání sil – find out the meaning of these words in your vocabulary list.

TASK 2: Discuss the following situation with your partner: there are several forces acting on a solid body. How can we determine the resulting force if the acting forces 1. have the same direction 2. are in the opposite direction 3. are at an angle to the direction of motion

TASK 3: Describe the diagram to your partner:

Obrázek 5/ Resolution of Forces

25

25

File:Résultante forces.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2006 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:R%C3%A9sultante_forces_parall%C3%A8les_sens_contraire.j pg

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Composition

kɒmpəˈzɪʃən

skládání, složení

Concurrent

kənˈkʌrənt

sbíhavý

Coplanar

kəʊˈpleɪnə

koplanární, rovině

Resolution

ˌrezəˈluːʃən

rozklad

Resultant

rɪˈzʌltənt

výslednice, výsledný

Several

ˈsevrəl

několik

ve

stejné

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

A Couple of Forces

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Shrnutí učiva, upevnění poznatků

jazykový –

Negative forms of the verb be

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 23

SUBJECT: Physics

A Couple of Forces

23. A Couple of Forces If two equal and opposite forces whose lines of action are NOT the same act on a body they produce a turning effect on the body.26

Obrázek 6/ Diagram of a Couple

27

TASK 1: Complete the definition: A couple is composed of two forces that: (a) are …………………1) (b) are ……………….. 2) (c) do NOT pass ………………………3) Which of these are NOT an example of a couple: Hands on the steering wheel Freefalling object Accelerating car Bicycle pedals

26

Couples. Schoolphysics [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z: http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age16-19/Mechanics/Statics/text/Couples_/index.html 27 Vlastní tvorba

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: 1) equal, 2) opposite, 3) through the same point freefalling object, accelerating car – acting forces are not opposite

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

A couple of forces

ə ˈkʌpəl əv ˈfɔːsɪz

dvojice sil

Accelerating

ækˈseləˌreɪtɪŋ

zrychlující

Freefalling

ˈfriːˌfɔːlɪŋ

volně padající

Line of action

ˈlaɪn ˈɒv ˈækʃən

vektorová přímka

Pass through sth.

ˈpɑːs ˈθruː ˈsʌmθɪŋ

procházet něco

Pedal

ˈpedəl

pedál (kola)

Steering wheel

ˈstɪərɪŋ ˈwiːl

volant

The same

ˈðə ˈseɪm

stejný

něčím,

skrz

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Centre of Mass

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Určení těžiště tělesa

jazykový –

Relative pronouns

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 24

SUBJECT: Physics

Centre of Mass

24. Centre of Mass The centre of mass is the point where all of the mass of the object is concentrated. When an object is supported at its centre of mass it remains in static equilibrium, which means that the net force on an object is zero.

TASK 1: How to determine the point where the centre of mass is?

28

Obrázek 7/The Centre of Mass

TASK 2: Imagine two children of equal mass who are sitting on the seesaw. What will happen if 1) another child joins one of them or 2) one of the children moves closer to the pivot?29 SOLUTION:

28

29

Vlastní tvorba

Center of Mass. Circus Life [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-05-09]. Dostupné z: http://www.pbs.org/opb/circus/classroom/circus-physics/center-mass/

TASK 1: Xcm = m1x1 + m2x2/ m1+m2

TASK 2: 1. The centre of mass changes its position: it will be proportionally closer to the larger mass 2. The larger mass will be required to join the child who is sitting nearer the pivot

Dictionary English Centre of center)

mass

Pronunciation (AmE

Czech

ˈsentə ɒv ˈmæs

těžíště

Closer

kləʊsə

blíže

Concentrated

ˈkɒnsəntreɪtɪd

soustředěný

Equilibrium

iːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm

rovnováha

Join

dʒɔɪn

přidat se

Net force

ˈnet ˈfɔːs

výsledná síla

Seesaw

ˈsiːˌsɔː

houpačka

Static

ˈstætɪk

neměnný, statický

Supported

səˈpɔːt

podepřený

When

wen

když

Where

weə

kde

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

The Principle of Moments

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Vztah mezi rovnovážnými silami působícími na těleso

jazykový –

Possessive ´s

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 25

YEAR: 1.

SUBJECT: Physics

The Principle of Moments

25. The principle of Moments TASK 1: Revise the following terms: centre of mass, equilibrium, turning point, clockwise/anticlockwise, moment of a force, torque, pivot

TASK 2: When an object is in equilibrium the sum of the anticlockwise moments about a turning point must be equal to the sum of the clockwise moments. 30 sum of anticlockwise moments = sum clockwise moments

31

Obrázek 8/ Forces acting on a seesaw

30

Forces & Motion - Principle of Moments. Pass My Exams [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z: http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/physics/turning-effect-forces.html 31

Clipart

 Explain the principle above using the picture.  Why is the seesaw in equilibrium?  What are directions of forces exerted by both persons?  Give the formula for calculating person´s moment of a force.

TASK 3: Calculate the person B´s distance from the pivot.

SOLUTION:

TASK 2: Both persons exert a downward force, person A´s weight is trying to turn the seesaw anticlockwise while person B is acting clockwise, the sum of both moments must be equal. Moment = Force x distance from the pivot

TASK 3: Moment = Force x distance person A´s moment = 500 x 2 = 1000 person A´s moment = Person B´s moment person B´s moment = 1000 x ? = 1000 person B´s distance = 1000/1000 = 1m

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Anticlockwise

ˌæntɪˈklɒkˌwaɪz

proti směru hodinových ručiček

Both

bəʊθ

oba

Clockwise

ˈklɒkˌwaɪz

Downward

ˈdaʊnwəd

Fulcrum

ˈfʊlkrəm / ˈfʌlkrəm

střed otáčení

Principle

ˈprɪnsɪpəl

princip

Revise

rɪˈvaɪz

zopakovat si

The principle of moments

ðə ˈprɪnsɪpəl ɒv ˈməʊmənts

momentová věta

Weight

weɪt

váha, hmotnost

While

waɪl

zatímco

po směru hodinových ručiček směrem dolů, dolů směřující

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Simple Machines

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Jednoduché stroje a jejich aplikace

jazykový –

Describing an object and its functions

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 26

SUBJECT: Physics

Simple Machines

26. Simple Machines TASK 1: What parts does the lever consist of?

Obrázek 9/ A lever

32

TASK 2: Explain the connection between the position of the fulcrum and the input and output forces.

Obrázek 10/ Forces on a lever

32 33

Clipart Clipart

33

TASK 3: Name other simple machines. Which one is missing? Give some examples of everyday objects which represent each of them.

Obrázek 11/ Simple machines

34

Clipart

34

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: Lever consists of a beam or rigid rod pivoted at a fixed hinge, or fulcrum.

TASK 2: The closer the fulcrum is to the object being lifted, the higher the person can lift the object exerting less force.

TASK 3: lever (scissors, hammer, spanner), pulley (window blinds, crane), inclined plane (slides, ladder, staircase), screw (screwdriver, jar lid), wedge (axe) missing – wheel and axle (bicycle, gears)

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Axe

æks

sekera

Axle

ˈæksəl

náprava, osa kola

Beam

biːm

trám

Consist of sth.

kənˈsɪst ˈɒv ˈsʌmθɪŋ

skládat se z něčeho

Crane

kreɪn

jeřáb

Fixed

fɪkst

pevný, pevně uchycený

Gear

gɪə

rychlost (v autě)

Hammer

ˈhæmə

kladivo

Hinge

hɪndʒ

pant, závěs

Inclined plane

ɪnˈklaɪnd ˈpleɪn

nakloněná rovina

Input

ˈɪnˌpʊt

vstupní

Jar lid

ˈdʒɑː ˈlɪd

víčko sklenice

Ladder

ˈlædə

žebřík

Lever

ˈliːvə

páka

Load

ləʊd

náklad

Output

ˈaʊtˌpʊt

výstupní

Part

pɑːt

část, díl

Pulley

ˈpʊlɪ

kladka

Rod

rɒd

tyč

Scissors

ˈsɪzəz

nůžky

Screw

skruː

šroub, vrut

Screwdriver

ˈskruːˌdraɪvə

šroubovák

Slide

slaɪd

skluzavka

Staircase

ˈsteəˌkeɪs

schodiště

Wedge

wedʒ

klín

Wheel

wiːl

kolo

(Window) blind

ˈwɪndəʊ ˈblaɪnd

roleta, žaluzie

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Rolling Resistance

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Využití fyzikálního jevu v praxi

jazykový –

Revision of indirect questions

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 27

YEAR: 1.

Rolling resistance

SUBJECT: Physics

27. Rolling resistance The force that resists the motion when a body rolls on a surface is called the rolling resistance or the rolling friction.

TASK 1: Change direct questions into indirect beginning as suggested in an example:  What it is the friction? Can you explain?  Can you explain what the friction is? 1. How can be the rolling resistance used in our everyday life? Can you explain? 2. What do the rolling resistance and tires have in common? Have you any idea? 3. Do the wider tires have less or more rolling resistance? Find out. 4. What are the results of lower rolling resistance? Ask your teacher. 5. How to choose the best tires for my bike? Do you know? 35

TASK 2: To find the answers to your questions visit the website cited bellow.

35

Tire rolling resistance. Roues Artisanales.com [online]. 2006 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:

http://www.rouesartisanales.com/article-1503651.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: Can you explain how the rolling resistance can be used in our everyday life? Have you any idea what the rolling resistance and tires have in common? Find out if the wider tires have less or more rolling resistance. Ask your teacher what the results of lower rolling resistance are. Do you know how to choose the best tires for my bike?

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Below

Czech

bɪˈləʊ

níže

tʃuːz

vybrat

saɪt

citovat, uvést

ˈhæv ˈsʌmθɪŋ ˈɪn ˈkɒmən

mít něco společného

Idea

aɪˈdɪə

nápad

Less

les

méně

Lower

ˈləʊə

nižší

Resist

rɪˈzɪst

bránit

Result

rɪˈzʌlt

výsledek, důsledek

Rolling resistance

ˈrəʊlɪŋ rɪˈzɪstəns

valivý odpor

Tyre (AmE tire)

ˈtaɪə

pneumatika

Wider

waɪdə

širší

Choose (pt chosen)

chose,

pp

Cite Have sth. in (pt&pp had)

common

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Properties of Liquids

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Vlastnosti kapalin

jazykový –

Quantifiers

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 28

YEAR: 1.

Properties of Liquids

SUBJECT: Physics

28. Properties of Liquids TASK 1: Complete the text: Liquid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others are: .....1), ......2), and ........3)), and is the only state with a definite .........4) but no fixed .........5). A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular bonds. Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a ...........6). Most liquids resist ................7), although others can be compressed. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface tension.36

TASK 2: Give the Czech equivalents to the English terms: Volume Pressure and buoyancy Surface Viscosity Flow Sound propagation

36

Liquid: Properties of Liquids. Infoplease [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-18]. Dostupné z: http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/liquid-properties-liquids.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: 1) solid, 2) gas, 3) plasma, 4) volume, 5) shape, 6) container, 7) compression

TASK 2: volume – objem, pressure – tlak, buoyancy – vztlaková síla, surface – povrch, viscosity – viskozita, flow – tok, sound propagation – šíření zvuku

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Buoyancy

ˈbɔɪənsɪ

nadnášení, vztlak

Compression

kəmˈpreʃən

stlačení

Container

kənˈteɪnə

nádoba

Distinctive

dɪˈstɪŋktɪv

typický, charakteristický

Flow

fləʊ

téct, proudit; tok

Fundamental

ˌfʌndəˈmentəl

základní

Gas

gæs

plyn

Hold (pt&pp held)

həʊld

držet

Liquid

ˈlɪkwɪd

tekutina, kapalina

Made up

meɪd ʌp

vytvořený, tvořený

Matter

ˈmætə

hmota

Pressure

ˈpreʃə

tlak

Property

ˈprɒpətɪ

vlastnost

Shape

ʃeɪp

tvar

Solid

ˈsɒlɪd

pevná látka; tuhý, pevný

Sound propagation

saʊnd ˌprɒpəˈgeɪʃən

šíření zvuku

State (of matter)

steɪt (əv ˈmætə)

skupenství

Surface tension

ˈsɜːfɪs ˈtenʃən

povrchové napětí

Tiny

ˈtaɪnɪ

maličký

Viscosity

vɪsˈkɒsɪtɪ

viskozita, vazkost

Volume

ˈvɒljuːm

objem

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Pascal´s Law

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Aplikace fyzikálního zákona v praxi

jazykový –

Description of how things work

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 29

SUBJECT: Physics

Pascal´s Law

29. Pascal´s Law TASK 1: The Pascal´s Law states: Tlak vyvolaný vnější silou, která působí na povrch kapaliny v uzavřené nádobě, je ve všech místech kapaliny stejný.37 Try to explain the law in your own words in English.

TASK 2: The most common application of Pascal's law is the hydraulic press. Use the picture and describe how it works:

Obrázek 12/ The principle of hydraulic press

37

38

Fyzika pro SOU A 1. díl. 1.vydání. Praha: SPN, 1984. Učebnice pro střední školy. ISBN 14 - 462-84. str. 123 38 File:Press hydraulics.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pess_hydraulics.jpg?uselang=cs

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Application

ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən

využití

Applied force

əˈplaɪd ˈfɔːs

působící síla

Fluid

ˈfluːɪd

tekutina, kapalina

Hydraulic press

haɪˈdrɒlɪk ˈpres

hydraulický lis

Loading platform

ˈləʊdɪŋ ˈplætfɔːm

nakládací plošina

Pascal’s law

ˈpask(ə)ls ˈlɔː

pascalův zákon

Piston

ˈpɪstən

píst

Use

juːz

použít

Work

wɜːk

pracovat, fungovat

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Hydrostatic Pressure

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Aktivizace učiva o tlaku v kapalinách

jazykový –

Confirming and rejecting hypothesis

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 30

SUBJECT: Physics

Hydrostatic Pressure

30. Hydrostatic pressure TASK 1: Choose the correct answer:  Hydrostatic pressure is used in the process of food preservation called pascalization. YES/NO  The pressure at a given depth depends on direction. YES/NO  Many liquids are considered incompressible. YES/NO  Pressure cannot exert any force parallel to the surface. YES/NO  Static liquid pressure depends on the shape, mass or surface area of the liquid. YES/NO 39

Task 2: With the help of the diagram bellow explain the hydrostatic paradox

Obrázek 13/ Hydrostatic Paradox

40

39

Hydrostatic Pressure in a Liquid. Faculty.www.edu [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z: http://faculty.wwu.edu/vawter/PhysicsNet/Topics/Pressure/HydroStatic.html 40

Category:Hydrostatic paradox. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2011 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hydrostatic_paradox

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: YES, NO, YES, YES, NO


Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Answer

ˈɑːnsə

odpověď

Considered

kənˈsɪdəd

považovaný

Correct

kəˈrekt

správný

Depth

depθ

hloubka

Food preservation

ˈfuːd ˌprezəˈveɪʃən

konzervace potravin

Hydrostatic pressure

ˌhaɪdrəʊˈstætɪk ˈpreʃə

hydrostatický tlak

(in)compressible

(ɪn)kəmˈpresɪbl

(ne)stlačitelný

Pascalization

ˌpask(ə)laɪˈzeɪʃən

pascalizace, sterilizace vysokým tlakem

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Atmospheric Pressure

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Ověření principu jednoduchým experimentem

jazykový –

Explaining processes (first, second, then, next etc.)

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 31

YEAR: 1.

Atmospheric pressure

SUBJECT: Physics

31. Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric pressure is defined as the force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of the air above that surface. 41

TASK 1: What happens if the weight of the air above the unit area increases or decreases?

TASK 2: Carry out a simple experiment to show a power of atmospheric pressure. Put these processes in the correct order using first, secondly, finally, then, after that, next etc. 1. Invert the bottle and the plate holding them together carefully. 2. Prepare a glass bottle and fill it with water. 3. Slowly release your hand which hold the plate. 4. Watch what happens next. 5. Make sure there is no air in the bottle, just water. 6. Put a glass plate on the bottle.

SOLUTION: 41

Atmospheric Pressure. WW 2010 [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/%28Gh%29/guides/mtr/fw/prs/def.rxml

TASK 1: The pressure at point "X" increases as the weight of the air above it increases, too. The same can be said about decreasing pressure, the pressure at point "X" decreases if the weight of the air above it also decreases.

TASK 2: 1. First, prepare a glass bottle and fill it with water 2. Secondly, put a glass plate on the bottle. 3. Next make sure there is no air in the bottle, just water. 4. Then invert the bottle and the plate holding them carefully. 5. After that slowly release the hand which hold the plate. 6. Finally, watch what happens (next). The plate will not fall down because of the atmospheric pressure

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Above

əˈbʌv

nad

Against

əˈgenst

proti

Atmospheric pressure

ˌætməsˈferɪk ˈpreʃə

atmosferický tlak

Bottle

ˈbɒtəl

láhev

Carry out

ˈkærɪ ˈaʊt

provést, uskutečnit

Decrease

dɪˈkriːs

snižovat (se), klesat

Experiment

ɪkˈsperɪmənt

pokus

Finally

ˈfaɪnəlɪ

nakonec

Hold (pt&pp held)

həʊld

držet

Increase

ɪnˈkriːs

zvýšit, (vz)růst

Invert

ɪnˈvɜːt

otočit, převrátit

Make sure (pt&pp made)

ˈmeɪk ˈʃʊə

ujistit se

Next

nekst

dále

Order

ˈɔːdə

pořadí, posloupnost

Per

pɜː

na (jednotku)

Plate

pleɪt

talíř, tác

Release

rɪˈliːs

pustit

Then

ðen

pak

Unit area

ˈjuːnɪt ˈeərɪə

jednotka plochy

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Archimedes ´ Law

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Podstata a praktické využití Archimédova zákona

jazykový –

Using specific vocabulary, reinforce language acquisition

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 32

SUBJECT: Physics

Archimedes´ Law

32. Archimedes ´ Law Archimedes' principle is the law of buoyancy: the buoyant force is the force that pushes back up in the water, it is greater than the object´s weight pushing down, is equal to the weight of the displaced water. 42

TASK 1: Using Archimedes´ Law try to solve these problems:

Obrázek 14/ Verification of Archimedes´ Law

43

1. Why is the coin floating in mercury? 2. How the shape of an object may influence buoyant force? Think about a huge cruise ship floating on water. SOLUTION:

42

Archimedes´ Law. CK-12.org [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z: http://www.ck12.org/physical-science/Archimedes-Law-in-Physical-Science/lesson/ArchimedesLaw/?referrer=concept_details 43 File:Pound-coin-floating.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=archimedes%C2%B4principle&title=Special%3A Search&go=Go&uselang=cs

TASK 1: A pound coin is floating in mercury due to its lower density according to Archimedes' Principle (coin density=7.5g/cm³ vs density of Hg=13.6g/cm³) The shape of an object may affect how much fluid it displaces and therefore the buoyant force acting on it. This explains why one object may sink while another object with the same weight but a different shape may float.

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Archimedes´ law

ˌɑːkɪˈmiːdiːziz ˈlɔː

archimédův zákon

Buoyant force

ˈbɔɪənt ˈfɔːs

vztlaková síla

Coin

kɔɪn

mince

Cruise ship

ˈkruːz ˈʃɪp

výletní loď

Density

ˈdensɪtɪ

hustota

Displaced water

dɪsˈpleɪst ˈwɔːtə

vytlačená voda

Float

fləʊt

plavat, plout

Influence

ˈɪnflʊəns

ovlivnit

Law

lɔː

zákon, princip

Mercury

ˈmɜːkjʊrɪ

rtuť

Sink (pt sank, pp sunk)

sɪŋk

potopit se, klesat ke dnu

Solve

sɒlv

vyřešit

Than

ðæn

než

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Solid body Floating

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Aktivizace slovní zásoby

jazykový –

Applying knowledge of basic terms to solve problems

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 33

YEAR: 1.

SUBJECT: Physics

Solid Body floating

33. Solid Body Floating TASK 1: To revise a bit find the words:  Weight, gravity, submerge, equal, upward, density, exert, fluid, shape, buoyancy, surface, compressible, submarine, volume, eureka, water. D S B S E M E A S D A C

X U U U M V R C H I O X

N B O R U A E E A M E S

Y M Y F L V U R P J W U

T A A A O D R R E T A B

I R N C V W E I G H T M

S I C E I S K B T E E E

N N Y R S E A N N G R R

E E F I W X F L U I D G

D R B O K E L K M V E E

X L H B G R A V I T Y Y

E Q U A L T U P W A R D

TASK 2: Work with your partner: explain why a solid body floats, using the words from previous exercise and applying Archimedes´ law.

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

A bit

ə ˈbɪt

trochu

Eureka

jʊˈriːkə

heuréka

Find (pt&pp found)

faɪnd

najít

Previous

ˈpriːvɪəs

předchozí

Revise

rɪˈvaɪz

zopakovat si

Solid body

ˈsɒlɪd ˈbɒdɪ

tuhé těleso

Submarine

ˈsʌbməˌriːn / ˌsʌbməˈriːn

ponorka

Submerge

səbˈmɜːdʒ

potopit, ponořit

Upward

ˈʌpwəd

nahoru směřující

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Fluid Flow

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Shrnutí učiva o proudění kapalin

jazykový –

3rd person form, prepositions of movement

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 34

SUBJECT: Physics

Fluid flow

34. Fluid Flow The movement of liquids and gases is generally referred to as flow - a concept that describes how fluids behave and how they interact with their surrounding environment. There are two types of fluid flow. 44

Obrázek 15/ Fluid Flow

45

TASK 1: Describe each type of fluid flow with the following terms:  none of the streamlines cross over, higher velocity, chaotic, same direction, non streamlined objects, lower velocity, layers What happens if the size of a pipe changes? What are the most common applications of fluid flow?

44

Fluid Flow. A Level Notes.com [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z: http://alevelnotes.com/Fluid-Flow/112?tree= 45 File:Laminar and Turbulent flow. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=laminar+and+turbulent+flow&title=Special%3ASe arch&go=Go&uselang=cs

TASK 2: Complete the sentences about a watering system with the words given, put the verbs into the present simple. around, at the top, into, through, from At spring, water (flow) flows to a reservoir at the top of the hill.

1. ________ the reservoir, water (pass)________ ______ a pipe. 2. The pipe (go) ________ _______ a field. 3. Then the water (leave)_______ the pipe _________ small holes. 4. Finally, the water (flow) _________the trees. ( upraveno)46

46

Technical English 1 workbook. England: Pearson Longman, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4058-4548-9.

SOLUTION:


TASK 2: 1. From the reservoir, water passes through a pipe.

2. The pipe goes into a field. 3. Then the water leaves the pipe through small holes. 4. Finally, the water flows around the trees.

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Behave

bɪˈheɪv

chovat se

Chaotic

keɪˈɒtɪk

zmatený, neuspořádaný

Environment

ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt

prostředí

Flow

ˈfləʊ

proudění, tok

Interact

ˌɪntərˈækt

vzájemně na sebe působit

Laminar flow

ˈlamɪnə ˈfləʊ

laminární proudění

Layer

ˈleɪə

vrstva

Movement

ˈmuːvmənt

pohyb

Pipe

paɪp

potrubí

Reservoir

ˈrezəˌvwɑː

vodní nádrž

Size

saɪz

rozměr, velikost

Streamline

ˈstriːmˌlaɪn

proudnice

Surrounding

səˈraʊndɪŋ

obklopující, okolní

Through

θruː

skrz

Turbulent flow

ˈtɜːbjʊlənt ˈfləʊ

turbulentní proudění

Watering system

ˈwɔːtərɪŋ ˈsɪstəm

systém zavlažování

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Bernoulli´s principle

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Shrnutí a opakování učiva

jazykový –

Infinitive of purpose

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 35

SUBJECT: Physics

Bernoulli´s Principle

35. Bernoulli´s Principle Bernoulli's principle states that as the speed of a moving fluid (liquid or gas) increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases. The phenomenon described by Bernoulli's principle has many practical applications. An example is provided by the functioning of a perfume bottle: in order to draw the fluid up squeeze the bulb over the fluid, which creates a low pressure area due to the higher speed of the air.47

TASK 1: Use the picture to explain how to derivate Bernoulli´s equation.

Obrázek 16/ Bernoulli´s Law Derivation Diagram

48

TASK 2: Carry a simple experiment to verify Bernoulli´s principle: go to www.science-sparks.com/2013/04/29/air-pressure

47

Bernoulli´s principle. Theory.uwinnipeg.ca [online]. 1999 [cit. 2015-05-20]. Dostupné z: http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node68.html 48 File:Bernoulli´sLawDerivationDiagram.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2007 [cit. 2015-05-20]. Dostupné z:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BernoullisLawDerivationDiagram.svg?uselang=cs

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Bernoulli’s equation

bəːˈnuːiz ɪˈkweɪʒən

Bernoulliho rovnice

Bulb

bʌlb

balónek u rozprašovače parfému

Draw up (pt drew, pp ˈdrɔː ˈʌp drawn)

táhnout nahoru

Functioning

ˈfʌŋkʃənɪŋ

fungování

Perfume

ˈpɜːfjuːm

parfém

Squeeze

skwiːz

zmáčknout, stisknout

Verify

ˈverɪˌfaɪ

ověřit, (pravdivost)

Within

wɪˈðɪn

uvnitř

potvrdit

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Turbines

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Turbíny a jejich účel

jazykový –

Develop the basic skills of data processing

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 36

YEAR: 1.

Turbines

SUBJECT: Physics

36. Turbines A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. It is an essential part of any hydroelectric dam.

TASK 1: Here you can see a typical hydroelectric dam, match the terms to the correct part: powerhouse, turbine, river, generator, intake, reservoir, long distance power line, penstock.

Obrázek 17/ Hydroelectric dam

49

TASK 2: Go on http://energy.gov/eere/wind/how-do-wind-turbines-work to find out how the wind turbine works.

49

File:Hydroelectric dam.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2008 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hydroelectric_dam_without_text.jpg

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: Hydroelectric dam: A - reservoir, B - powerhouse, C - turbine, D generator, E - intake, F - penstock, G - long distance power lines, H – river

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Device

dɪˈvaɪs

zařízení

Extract

ɪkˈstrækt

získat, vyjmout

Hydroelectric dam

ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˈlektrɪk ˈdæm

vodní dílo (přehrada)

Intake

ˈɪnˌteɪk

vtok, přívod

Penstock

ˈpenstɒk

přivaděč

Power line(s)

ˈpaʊə ˈlaɪn(z)

elektrické vedení

Powerhouse

ˈpaʊəˌhaʊs

elektrárna

Rotary

ˈrəʊtərɪ

rotační, otáčivý

Turbine

ˈtɜːbɪn

turbína

Wind turbine

ˈwɪnd ˈtɜːbɪn

Větrná turbína

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Aerodynamics

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Seznámení se základními pojmy

jazykový –

Develop reading skills (comprehensive check)

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 37

YEAR: 1.

SUBJECT: Physics

Aerodynamics

37. Aerodynamics TASK 1: Match the questions (1-3) to the right paragraph (a-c):

Obrázek 18/ Forces of Flight

50

1. What are the four forces of flight? 2. What makes plane able to fly? 3. What is aerodynamics? a) Aerodynamics is the way air moves around things. The rules of aerodynamics explain how an airplane is able to fly. Anything that moves through air reacts to aerodynamics. Aerodynamics even acts on cars, since air flows around cars. b) The four forces of flight are lift, weight, thrust and drag. These forces make an object move up and down, and faster or slower. How much of each force there is changes how the object moves through the air.

50

File:Thrust drag.gif. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thrust_drag.gif

c) The shape of an airplane's wings is what makes it able to fly. Airplanes' wings are curved on top and flatter on the bottom. That shape makes air flow over the top faster than under the bottom. So, less air pressure is on top of the wing. This condition makes the wing, and the airplane it's attached to, move up. Using curves to change air pressure is a trick used on many aircraft. Helicopter rotor blades use this trick. (upraveno)51

TASK 2: Read the sentences about aerodynamics and choose the correct answer YES/NO. 1. Aerodynamics do not act on cars. YES/NO 2. There are three forces acting on the flight. YES/NO 3. Lift and drag act in opposite direction. YES/NO 4. The shape of wings can change air pressure. YES/NO

51

What is Aerodynamics? NASA Education [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z: https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/what-is-aerodynamics-k4.html#.VWByfk_tmko

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: 1b, 2c, 3b

TASK 2: NO, NO, NO, YES

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Aerodynamics

ˌeərəʊdaɪˈnæmɪks

aerodynamika

Attached to

əˈtætʃt ˈtuː

připojený, připevněný k

Blade

bleɪd

lopatka (turbíny, rotoru)

Condition

kənˈdɪʃən

Curve

kɜːv

Drag

dræg

(aerodynamický) odpor

Flat (-tter, -ttest)

flæt

plochý, rovný

Lift

lɪft

dynamický vztlak

Rule

ruːl

pravidlo, zásada

Thrust

θrʌst

tah

Weight

weɪt

tíha

Wing

wɪŋ

křídlo

stav, předpoklad, podmínka zahnout, (za)křivit; křivka, oblouk, zakřivení

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

State of Matter

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Aktivizace poznatků o látkovém skupenství

jazykový –

Opposites

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 38

YEAR: 1.

State of Matter

SUBJECT: Physics

38. State of Matter Everything on the Earth can be explained in the terms of four states (phases) of matter:

TASK 1: Give the name and basic characteristic of each matter state.

TASK 2: Match the properties of solid objects (1-6) with their opposites (a-f) 1. breaks easily

a. heavy

2. clear

b. tough

3. easy to shape

c. opaque

4. hard

d. rigid

5. light

e. weak

6. strong

f. soft

TASK 3: 1. What properties from the table above are typical for these materials? Aluminium, glass, plastic, diamond, iron. 2. Find out what are these materials best for.

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: Solid – fixed shape and volume, particles are close together and can´t move Liquid – fixed volume only, shape of container, particles move faster and further apart Gas – no fixed shape or volume, particles are apart and move quickly and randomly Plasma – mixture of electrons and nuclei

TASK 2: 1b, 2c, 3d, 4f, 5a, 6e

TASK 3: Aluminium – light, easy to shape, best for aircraft, cooking foil, door frames Glass – clear, hard, break easily, best for windows, bottled Plastic – light, strong, easy to shape, any everyday objects Diamond – hard, industrial cutting Iron – hard, engineering

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Aluminium

ˌæljʊˈmɪnɪəm

hliník

Apart

əˈpɑːt

od sebe, jeden od druhého

Clear

klɪə

čirý, průzračný, průhledný

Electron

ɪˈlektrɒn

elektron

Hard

hɑːd

tvrdý

Heavy

ˈhevɪ

těžký (o váze)

Iron

ˈaɪən

železo

Light

laɪt

lehký (o váze)

Mixture

ˈmɪkstʃə

směs

Nucleus (pl. nuclei)

ˈnjuːklɪəs

jádro

Opaque

əʊˈpeɪk

neprůhledný/svitný, neprůzračný

Plasma

ˈplæzmə

plazma (ionizovaný plyn)

Randomly

ˈrændəmlɪ

nahodile

Rigid

ˈrɪdʒɪd

neohebný

Soft

sɒft

měkký

Solid

ˈsɒlɪd

pevné (skupenství)

State of matter

steɪt əv ˈmætə

skupenství

Tough

tʌf

tuhý, pevný

Weak

wiːk

slabý, nepevný

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Ideal Gas

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Koncepce ideálního plynu, matematické vyjádření

jazykový –

Substitute one/ones

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 39

Ideal Gas

SUBJECT: Physics

39. Ideal Gas An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that do not interact except when they collide elastically. The ideal gas concept is useful because it obeys the ideal gas law, assuming that  There are no intermolecular forces between the gas molecules.  The volume occupied by the molecules themselves is entirely negligible relative to the volume of the container. 52

TASK 1: What is the ideal gas equation?

TASK 2: Be careful about using right units! Choose the correct ones:  pressure - Pa/ bar/ kPa/atmosphere  temperature - °C/K  volume - dm3/m3/cm3  the gas constant - R = 8.31441 J K-1 mol-1 / the older one 82.053 cm3 atm K-1 mol-1

52

Ideal gases and the ideal gas law. Chemguide [online]. 2009 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/kt/idealgases.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: ideal gas equation pV = nRT

TASK 2: pressure – Pa, volume – m3, temperature – K, gas constant – 8.31441

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Assume

əˈsjuːm

předpokládat

Collide

kəˈlaɪd

srazit se

Composed of

kəmˈpəʊzd ˈɒv

složený z

Container

kənˈteɪnə

nádoba

Entirely

ɪnˈtaɪəlɪ

zcela, naprosto, úplně

Except

ɪkˈsept

kromě

Ideal gas

aɪˈdɪəl ˈgæs

ideální (dokonalý) plyn

Intermolecular

ˌɪntəməˈlekjʊlə

mezimolekulární

Molecule

ˈmɒlɪˌkjuːl

molekula

Negligible

ˈneglɪdʒəbəl

zanedbatelný

Obey

əˈbeɪ

řídit se, dodržovat

Occupy

ˈɒkjʊˌpaɪ

zabírat, zaujímat

Relative to

ˈrelətɪv ˈtu:

vzhledem k, ve srovnání s

Theoretical

ˌθɪəˈretɪkəl

teoretický, hypotetický

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Kinetic Theory

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Aktivizace a rozšíření dřívějších poznatků

jazykový –

Sentence formation

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 40

YEAR: 1.

SUBJECT: Physics

Kinetic Theory

40. Kinetic Theory The kinetic particle theory explains the properties of the different states of matter.

a)

Obrázek 19/ Kinetic Theory of Gases

53

In an ideal gas (shown left), the particles have no interaction apart from pure collisions. In a fluid close to a change of state (shown in the centre), the effect of mutual attraction on particles is important. If they are too slow (shown right), the molecules will group together in compact groups.54

53

File:Kinetic theory of gases (2) svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kinetic_theory_of_gases_(2).svg?uselang=cs 54

Kinetic Theory. BBC - GCSE Bitesize [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa/heatingandcooling/heatingrev2.shtml

TASK 1: Match the correct halves of assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases together: 1. Gases are composed of 2. Gas molecules are 3. Gas molecules have 4. The collisions between molecules are 5. When molecules collide 6. The molecule of gas have 7. Each molecule in a gas has a) a different velocity. b) separate particles called molecules. c) no attraction or repulsion to each other. d) completely elastic. e) kinetic energy. f) in constant straight line motion. g) there is no exchange of energy. 55

55

The Kinetic Theory of Gases. ApkXda [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:

http://apkxda.com/kinetic_theory.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: 1b, 2f, 3e, 4d, 5g, 6a, 7c

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Assumption

əˈsʌmpʃən

předpoklad, domněnka

Attraction

əˈtrækʃən

přitažlivost

Be composed of

ˈbiː kəmˈpəʊzd ˈɒv

skládat se z

Change of state

ˈtʃeɪndʒ əv ˈsteɪt

změna skupenství

Constant

ˈkɒnstənt

neustálý

Exchange

ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ

výměna

Group together

ˈgruːp təˈgeðə

seskupit se

Half (pl. halves)

hɑːf

polovina

Important

ɪmˈpɔːtənt

důležitý

Kinetic theory of matter

kɪˈnetɪk ˈθɪərɪ əv ˈmætə

kinetická teorie látek

Mutual

ˈmjuːtʃʊəl

vzájemný

Pure (-rer, -rest)

pjʊə

čistý

Repulsion

rɪˈpʌlʃən

odpudivá síla, odpor

Separate

ˈseprɪt

samostatný

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Thermodynamics

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Aktivizace terminologie a základních poznatků

jazykový –

Word Groups, making mind map

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 41

YEAR: 1.

Thermodynamics

SUBJECT: Physics

41. Thermodynamics TASK 1:  Explain the following terms:  Try to arrange them to the simple mind map according to their meaning and importance: Thermodynamics, heat, temperature, entropy, thermodynamics equilibrium, efficiency, laws of thermodynamics

TASK 2: What it is an internal energy? Is there the external energy as well? If so, what is the difference between them?

TASK 3: The internal energy of a system can be changed by (fill in) 1. …………………….. 2. …………………….. 3. …………………….. Do you know how to calculate the changes in internal energy? 56

56

Internal Energy. HyperPhysics.phy [online]. 2009 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/inteng.html

SOLUTION:


TASK 2: The total (internal) energy in a system includes potential and kinetic energy.This is contrast to external energy which is a function of the sample with respect to the outside environment (e.g. kinetic energy if the sample is moving or potential energy if the sample is at a height from the ground)

TASK 3: by heating the system by doing work on it by adding or taking away matter changes in internal energy = heat added to the system – work done by the system = Δ U = Q – W

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Add

æd

přidat

Arrange

əˈreɪndʒ

uspořádat

Efficiency

ɪˈfɪʃənsɪ

účinnost

Entropy

ˈentrəpɪ

entropie

Following

ˈfɒləʊɪŋ

následující

Heat

hiːt

teplo, zahřívat

Include

ɪnˈkluːd

zahrnovat, obsahovat

Sample

ˈsɑːmpəl

vzorek

Thermodynamics

ˌθɜːməʊdaɪˈnæmɪks

termodynamika

Try

traɪ

zkusit, pokusit se

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Measure Temperature

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Seznámení s rozdílnými způsoby měření teploty

jazykový –

Different temperature scales and their conversion

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 42

YEAR: 1.

Measure Temperature

SUBJECT: Physics

42. Measure Temperature Many devices have been invented to accurately measure temperature. It all started with the establishment of a temperature scale.57

TASK 1: 1. Name the commonly used temperature scales. 2. What are the ways of conversion between them? 3. Find out what Absolute zero is and how it is expressed by different scales.

TASK 2: Have you ever wondered how the thermometer works?

4.

Obrázek 20/ Thermometer

57

58

Units of Temperature. WW 2010 [online]. 1999 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/%28Gh%29/guides/maps/ctof.rxml 58

Clipart

SOLUTION:

TASK 1, 2:

59

There is a limit to how cold something can be. The Kelvin scale is designed to go to zero at this minimum temperature. At a temperature of Absolute Zero there is no motion and no heat. Absolute Zero occurs at 0 degrees Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius or at -460 degrees Fahrenheit.

TASK 3: see the picture

59

Temperature. The encyclopedia of Earth [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:

http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156468/

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Absolute zero

ˈæbsəˌluːt ˈzɪərəʊ

absolutní nula

Accurately

ˈækjərɪtlɪ

přesně

Bulb

bʌlb

baňka (na teploměru)

Commonly

ˈkɒmənlɪ

běžně

Conversion

kənˈvɜːʃən

převod (jednotek)

Degree

dɪˈgriː

stupeň (teploty)

Establishment

ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt

založení, ustanovení

Expand

ɪkˈspænd

rozšířit se, rozpínat se

Express

ɪkˈspres

vyjádřit

Invent

ɪnˈvent

vynalézt

Occur

əˈkɜː

nastat

Scale

skeɪl

škála, stupnice

Thermometer

θəˈmɒmɪtə

teploměr

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Heat Transformation

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Aplikace poznatků o tepelné výměně v praxi

jazykový –

Comparing different modes of heat transfer

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 43

YEAR: 1.

Heat Transformation

SUBJECT: Physics

43. Heat Transformation Heat - energy that is transferred from one body to another as the result of a difference in temperature. If two bodies of different temperatures are brought together, energy is transferred—heat flows from the hotter body to the colder.

TASK 1:  The effect of this is a/an ………………… in the temperature of the colder body and a/an …………….. in the temperature of the hotter body.  A substance may absorb heat …………. an increase in temperature by …………….. from one state to another.  Heat and temperature are…………………….things.

TASK 2: There are basically three modes of heat transfer. Match each of them (1-3) to the correct definition (a-b): 1) conduction, 2) convection, 3) radiation energy is transferred by a) the mass motion of molecules, b) electromagnetic radiation, c) direct contact 60

60

Ch 3 Earth´s Atmosphere. Open Geography Education [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z: http://www.opengeography.org/ch-3-earths-atmosphere.html

TASK 3: Match the examples to each type of heat transformation. Sunbathing, using a fan to cool yourself, airport security scanners, heat loos through the wall, cooking in an oven, ironing, pan placed on the hot stovetop, computer screens.

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: increase, decrease, without, changing, not the same

TASK 2, 3: 1c – ironing, using the fan, pan on the stovetop 2a – heat loos, cooking in an oven 3b – sunbathing, airport security scanner, computer screen

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Absorb

əbˈsɔːb / əbˈzɔːb

přijmout, absorbovat

Bring together

ˈbrɪŋ təˈgeðə

dát dohromady, spojit

Colder

kəʊldə

studenější

Conduction

kənˈdʌkʃən

vedení

Convection

kənˈvekʃən

(tepelné) proudění

Fan

fæn

ventilator, větrák

Heat transformation

ˈhiːt ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃən

tepelná výměna

Hotter

hɒtə

teplejší

Ironing

ˈaɪənɪŋ

žehlení

Loss

lɒs

ztráta

Oven

ˈʌvən

trouba

Pan

pæn

pánev

State

ˈsteɪt

skupenství

Radiation

ˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃən

záření

Screen

skriːn

obrazovka, monitor

Stovetop (BrE hob)

ˈstoʊvtɑːp (BrE ˈstəʊvtɒp, varná deska, plotna hɒb)

Substance

ˈsʌbstəns

hmota, látka

Sunbathing

ˈsʌnˌbeɪðɪŋ

opalování (se), slunění (se)

Transfer

n ˈtrænsfɜː ; v trænsˈfɜː

přenos; přenést

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Heat Transformation

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Shrnutí a opakování učiva

jazykový –

Activating prior knowledge

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 44

SUBJECT: Physics

Matter State Changes

44. Matter State Changes Matter changes its state based on the temperature changes. As temperature changes from low to high, matter changes its state from solid, to liquid and finally to gas; and vice versa.

TASK 1: Activate your knowledge of state of matter and describe each of them.

TASK 2: Look at the picture, explain the process of matter state changes and give the Czech terms to the English ones.

Obrázek 21/ Matter State Change

61

61

File:Phase change - en.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2008 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phase_change_-_en.svg?uselang=cs

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Based on

ˈbeɪst ˈɒn

založený na, na základě

Condensation

ˌkɒndenˈseɪʃən

kondenzace, zkapalnění

Deposition (desublimation)

ˌdepəˈzɪʃən

desublimace

Freezing

ˈfriːzɪŋ

tuhnutí

Ionization

ˌaɪənaɪˈzeɪʃən

ionizace

Low

ləʊ

nízký (např.teplota)

Melting

ˈmeltɪŋ

tání

Recombination

riːˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n

rekombinace

Sublimation

ˌsʌblɪˈmeɪʃən

sublimace

Vaporization

ˌveɪpərəˈzeɪʃən/ ˌveɪpəraɪˈzeɪʃən

vypařování

Vice versa

ˈvaɪsɪ ˈvɜːsə

naopak

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Ideal Gas State Equation

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Rozdílné vyjádření stavové rovnice ideálního plynu

jazykový –

Rearranging formula, converting different units

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 45

YEAR: 1.

Ideal Gas State Equation

SUBJECT: Physics

45. Ideal Gas State Equation TASK 1: Revise what have you already learnt about ideal gas

TASK 2: The state of a gas is determined by its temperature, its pressure and the amount of substance. For the limiting case of an ideal gas these state variables are linked by the general equation: PV = nRT

where

P is the ................ of the gas V is the ................ of the gas n is the ................................ R is the ideal, or universal, ................... T is the ………………. of the gas

TASK 3: 240cm3 of air at a pressure of 100kPa in a bicycle pump is compressed to a volume of 150cm. What is the pressure of the compressed air in the pump?62

62

PVT Calculations Gas Laws. Docbrown.info [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-27]. Dostupné z: http://www.docbrown.info/page03/3_52gaslaws.htm

SOLUTION:

TASK 2: P – pressure, V – volume, n – number of mole of gas, R – constant, T – temperature.

TASK 3: According to Boyle´s law equation p1 x V1 = p2 x V2 , rearranging to scale up for the new higher pressure p2 = p1 x V1/V2 = 100 x 240/150 = 160 kPa

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Already

ɔːlˈredɪ

už, již

Bicycle pump

ˈbaɪsɪkəl ˈpʌmp

pumpička na kolo

Case

keɪs

případ

Ideal gas state equation

aɪˈdɪəl ˈgæs ˈsteɪt ɪˈkweɪʒən

stavová rovnice ideálního plynu

Link

lɪŋk

propojit, spojit, souviset

Mole

məʊl

mol

Variable

ˈveərɪəbəl

proměnná

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Thermodynamic Process

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Aktivizace pojmů, shrnutí učiva

jazykový –

Word formation

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 46

Thermodynamic Process

SUBJECT: Physics

46. Thermodynamic Process A thermodynamic process is defined by changes of state combined with transfers of matter and energy to and from the surroundings of the system or to and from other systems. 63

TASK 1: Revise the basic terms: heat, internal energy, pressure, density, temperature, thermal contact, thermal equilibrium.

TASK 2: How do we use the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

TASK 3: What is it reversible/irreversible process? Give some examples.

TASK 4: Complete the table Word part therm/o trans -

63

Word part meaning

Example of word 1 2 1 2

Word meaning 1 2 1 2

Thermodynamic Processes. IPractice.in [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z: http://www.ipractice.in/definitions/Medical/Physics/Thermodynamics/Thermodynamic-processes

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: thermal contact- when two substances can affect each other's temperature thermal equilibrium - when two substances in thermal contact no longer transfer heat

TASK 2: This law is a restatement of the law of conservation of energy. ΔU = Q + W ΔU represents the net change in the internal energy of the gas Q represents the net heat added (+) or removed (-) from a confined gas W is work done by the confined gas (-) or on the confined gas (+)

TASK 3: A process is reversible if it satisfies two conditions. The process must be quasi-static and it should be non-dissipative. This means that there should be no friction, viscosity, etc.

TASK 4:  thermo – connected with temperature, heat  trans – across or through

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Affect

əˈfekt

ovlivnit, postihnout

Combine

kəmˈbaɪn

spojit (se), sloučit (se)

(ir)reversible

(ˌɪ)rɪˈvɜːsəbəl

(ne)vratný

Remove

rɪˈmuːv

vyjmout

Satisfy

ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ

splňovat

Surroundings

səˈraʊndɪŋz

okolí, prostředí

Thermodynamic process

ˌθɜːməʊdaɪˈnæmɪk ˈprəʊses

termodynamický děj

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Isothermal/Isochoric/Isobaric Process

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Podstata jednotlivých procesů a rozdílů mezi nimi

jazykový –

Explaining the differences between processes

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 47

Isotermal/Isobaric/Isochoric Process

SUBJECT: Physics

47. Isothermal/Isobaric/Isochoric Process TASK 1: Complete the chart summarizing the basic thermodynamic processes. Isochoric

Isobaric

Isothermal

Adiabatic

held constant formula PV diagram

TASK 2: Can you give any examples of each process?

TASK 3: Gas in a container is at a pressure of 1.5 atm and a volume of 4 m3. What is the work done by the gas if a) it expands at constant pressure to twice its initial volume? b) it is compressed at constant pressure to 1/4 of its initial volume?64

64

Thermodynamic Processes. IPractice.in [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z: http://www.ipractice.in/definitions/Medical/Physics/Thermodynamics/Thermodynamic-processes

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: held constant formula

Isochoric volume

Isobaric pressure

P1/T1=P2/T2

V1/T1=V2/T2

Isothermal temperature P1V1=P2V2

Adiabatic no heat transferred P1V1ϒ=P2V2ϒ

PV diagram


TASK 3: (a) W = P (V2-V1) = P (2V1-V1) = PV1 = 151500 Pa*4 m3 = 606000 J (b) W = P (0.25V1 - V1) = -0.75PV1 = -454500 J

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Adiabatic process

ˌeɪdʌɪəˈbatɪk ˈprəʊses

adiabatický děj

Chart

tʃɑːt

tabulka

Initial

ɪˈnɪʃəl

počáteční, výchozí

Isobaric process

ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈbarɪk ˈprəʊses

izobarický děj

Isochoric process

ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈkɒrɪk ˈprəʊses

izochorický děj

Isothermal process

ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈθɜːm(ə)l ˈprəʊses

izotermický děj

Twice

twaɪs

dvakrát, dvojnásobný

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Adiabatic Process

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Fáze čtyřdobého motoru

jazykový –

Verb Patterns

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 48

YEAR: 1.

SUBJECT: Physics

Adiabatic Process

48. Adiabatic Process One of the most common example of adiabatic process is the four – stroke engine.

Obrázek 22/ Four-stoke Cycle

65

TASK Read the text and choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets: A. The inlet valve opens. The piston moves downwards. It makes the pressure inside the cylinder (to fall/falling/fall). This allows a mixture of petrol and air (entering/enter/to enter) the cylinder. B. The inlet valve closes. This stops the fuel mixture (escape/to escape/ escaping).The piston moves upwards. This makes the pressure in the cylinder (rising/rise/to rise). C. The

spark

plug

lights

the

fuel

and

causes

it

(explode/exploding/to explode). D. The outlet valve opens. The piston moves upwards. This lets the burnt fuel (escape/to escape/escaping). 66 65

Category:Four-stroke cycle. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2006 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Four-stroke_cycle?uselang=cs

TASK 2: Look at the picture above and name each phase of the cycle.

66

Technical English 1 workbook. England: Pearson Longman, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4058-4548-9.

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: A. fall, to enter; B. escaping, rise; C. to explode; D. escape

TASK 2: Induction, compression, ignition, exhaust.

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Allow

əˈlaʊ

umožnit

Bracket

ˈbrækɪt

kulatá závorka

Burn (pt&pp burnt/burned)

bɜːn

hořet

Compression

kəmˈpreʃən

stlačení, stlačování

Cylinder

ˈsɪlɪndə

válec

Enter

ˈentə

vstoupit

Exhaust

ɪgˈzɔːst

výfuk (děj)

Four-stroke engine

ˈfɔːˌstrəʊk ˈendʒɪn

čtyřtaktní motor

Fuel

fjʊəl

palivo

Ignition

ɪgˈnɪʃən

zapálení

Induction

ɪnˈdʌkʃən

sání

Inlet valve

ˈɪnˌlet ˈvælv

vstupní ventil

Light (pt&pp lighted/lit)

laɪt

zapálit, zažehnout

Outlet valve

ˈaʊtlet ˈvælv

výstupní ventil

Petrol (AmE gas)

ˈpetrəl

benzín

Rise (pt rose, pp risen)

raɪz

stoupat

Spark plug

ˈspɑːk ˈplʌg

zapalovací svíčka

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Real Gas

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Pochopení rozdílu mezi ideálním a reálným plynem

jazykový –

Present simple questions

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 49

Real Gas

SUBJECT: Physics

49. Real Gas TASK 1: Work with a partner: Ask question to each other to activate prior knowledge about ideal gases.

TASK 2: The ideal gas concept obeys the ideal gas law, assuming that there are no intermolecular forces between the gas molecules and the volume occupied by the molecules themselves is entirely negligible relative to the volume of the container. Is it also true for real gas?

TASK 3: What is the difference between the ideal gas equation and the Van der Waals one?

TASK 4: Carbon dioxide gas (1.00 mole) at 373 K occupies 536 mL at 50.0 atmosphere pressure. What is the value of the pressure, using (i) Ideal gas equation (ii) Van der Waals equation?67 [Data - Van der Waals constants for carbon dioxide: a = 3.61 L2 atm mol-2; b = 0.0428 L mol-1]

67

Real Gas Problems. Scilearn.sydney.edu.au [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z: https://scilearn.sydney.edu.au/fychemistry/bridging_course/Questions/GasLaws%28advanced%29

SOLUTION:

TASK 4: i. Using the Ideal Gas Equation V = 0.536 L n = 1.00 mol T = 373 K PV = nRT P = nRT/V = 1.00 x 0.0821 x 373/0.536 = 57.1 atm ii. Using Van der Waals equation. (P + an2/V2)(V - nb) = nRT. (P + 3.61 x (1.00/0.536)2)(0.536 - 1.00 x 0.0428) = 1.00 x 0.0821 x 373) (P + 12.57)(0.493) = 30.62 P + 12.57 = 62.12 P = 49.6 atm

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Carbon dioxide

ˈkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd

oxid uhličitý

Molecule

ˈmɒlɪˌkjuːl

molekula

Negligible

ˈneglɪdʒəbəl

zanedbatelný

Occupy

ˈɒkjʊˌpaɪ

zabírat, zaujímat

Prior

ˈpraɪə

předchozí, dřívější

Real gas

ˈrɪəl ˈgæs

reálný plyn

Value

ˈvæljuː

hodnota

Van der Waals equation

ˌvan də ɪˈkweɪʒən

ˈwɑːlz/

ˈvɑːlz

Van der Waalsova rovnice

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Solid Body Structure

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Aktivizace poznatků o struktuře pevných látek

jazykový –

Reading: gapped text

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 50

YEAR: 1.

SUBJECT: Physics

Solid Body Structure

50. Solid Body Structure Solid materials are formed from densely packed atoms, which interact intensely.

1

___________ different properties of solids.

Depending on the material involved and the conditions in which it was formed, the 2_______________ geometric pattern (crystalline solids, which include metals and ordinary water ice) or irregularly (an amorphous solid such as common window glass). The forces between the atoms in a crystal can take a variety of forms. In a crystal of sodium chloride (common salt), the 3_______________ and held together with ionic bonds. In others, the atoms share electrons and 4______________. Finally, the noble gases do not undergo any of these types of bonding. In solid form, 5________________with van der Waals forces resulting from the polarisation of the electronic charge cloud on each atom. The 6

differences

between

the

types

of

solid

result

_____________.68

68

Structure of Solid. Minerva.mlib.cnr.it [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-25]. Dostupné z: http://minerva.mlib.cnr.it/mod/book/view.php?id=269&chapterid=73

from

TASK 1: Read the text about the Solid Body Structure. Parts of sentences are missing. Match phrases a – g to gaps 1 – 6. There is one extra phrase. a) they are held together b) form covalent bonds c) properties of solid materials result d) atoms may be arranged in a regular e) these interactions produce f) differences between their bonding g) crystal is made up of ionic sodium and chlorine

TASK 2: Look at the words in blue. Decide if each word is a) a noun, b) an adverb or c) a verb.

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: 1e, 2d, 3g, 4b, 5a, 6f

TASK 2: nouns: pattern, forces verbs: include, share, result adverb: densely

c is extra

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Adverb

ˈædˌvɜːb

příslovce

Amorphous

əˈmɔːfəs

amorfní, beztvarý

Arranged

əˈreɪndʒd

uspořádaný

Atom

ˈætəm

atom

Charge

tʃɑːdʒ

náboj (elektrický)

Chlorine

ˈklɔːriːn

chlór

Covalent bond

kəʊˈveɪl(ə)nt ˈbɒnd

kovalentní vazba

Crystalline

ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪn

krystalický

Decide

dɪˈsaɪd

rozhodnout

Densely

ˈdenslɪ

hustě

Intensely

ɪnˈtenslɪ

silně, intenzivně

Involved

ɪnˈvɒlvd

zúčastněný

Ionic bond

ʌɪˈɒnɪk ˈbɒnd

iotová vazba

(ir)regular

(ɪ)ˈregjʊlə

(ne)pravidelný

Metal

ˈmetəl

kov

Noble gases

ˈnəʊbəl ˈgæsɪz

vzácné plyny

Noun

naʊn

podstatné jméno

Ordinary

ˈɔːdənrɪ

běžný, obyčejný

Pattern

ˈpætən

vzor, systém

Share

ʃeə

sdílet, mít společné

Sodium

ˈsəʊdɪəm

sodík

Sodium chloride

ˈsəʊdɪəm ˈklɔːraɪd

chlorid sodný

Solid body structure

ˈsɒlɪd ˈbɒdɪ ˈstrʌktʃə

struktura pevných látek

Van der Waals forces

ˌvan də ˈwɑːlz/ˈvɑːlz ˈfɔːsɪz

van der Waalsovy síly

Variety

vəˈraɪɪtɪ

rozmanitost, široká paleta

Verb

vɜːb

sloveso

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Crystalline and Amorphous Solids

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Shrnutí učiva o stavbě pevných látek

jazykový –

Verb forms (to have)

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 51

Crystalline and Amorphous Solids

SUBJECT: Physics

51. Crystalline and Amorphous Solids TASK 1: How much do you remember about the different types of solids? Complete the missing information. Differences between crystalline and amorphous solids: 69 CRYSTALLINE

AMORPHOUS

geometry melting point cutting example

TASK 2: Amorphous solids have some special properties. Can you guess what the following words mean? transparency, purity, solidity, formability, ease of processing, semiconducting properties

TASK 3: Give an example of a certain material of each property above.

69

Crystalline and Amorphous Solids. ScienceHQ.com [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-25]. Dostupné z: http://www.sciencehq.com/chemistry/crystalline-and-amorphous-solids.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: Crystalline solid: the particles are definitely and orderly arranged, it has a sharp melting point, gives clean cleavage, example: Copper Sulphate (CuSO4), NiSO4, Diamond, Graphite, NaCl, Sugar. Amorphous solid: does not have characteristic geometry, does not have a sharp melting point, gives irregular cut, example: Coal, Glass, Plastic, rubber.


Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Amorphous

əˈmɔːfəs

beztvarý, amorfní

Cleavage

ˈkliːvɪdʒ

řez, štěpnost

Coal

kəʊl

uhlí

Copper sulphate (CuSO4)

ˈkɒpə ˈsʌlfeɪt

síran měďnatý

Crystalline

ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪn

krystalický

Ease

iːz

snadnost

Formability

ˌfɔːməˈbɪlɪtɪ

tvárnost, tvárlivost

Geometry

dʒɪˈɒmɪtrɪ

geometrie

Graphite

ˈgræfaɪt

tuha, grafit

Melting point

ˈmeltɪŋ ˈpɔɪnt

bod tání

Processing

ˈprəʊsesɪŋ

zpracování

Purity

ˈpjʊərɪtɪ

ryzost, čirost, čistota

Semiconducting

ˌsemɪkənˈdʌktɪŋ

polovodivý

Sharp

ʃɑːp

ostrý

Solid

ˈsɒlɪd

pevná látka

Solidity

səˈlɪdɪtɪ

pevnost

Transparency

trænsˈpærənsɪ

průhlednost

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Crystal Lattice

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Struktura krystalické mřížky a její defekty

jazykový –

Dimensions (forming nouns from adjectives)

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 52

YEAR: 1.

Crystal Lattice

SUBJECT: Physics

52. Crystal Lattice TASK 1: Let´s start with a short review of dimensions: complete the table. Adjective Noun

high

long

wide depth

TASK 2: The crystal structure of a material can be described in terms of its unit cell - a small box containing one or more atoms arranged in 3dimensions. What parameters do we use to describe a unit cell?

TASK 3: A perfect crystal, with every atom of the same type in the correct position, does not exist. All crystals have some defects. 70 What are the basic classes of crystal defects? Here you can find the answer: https://www.ndeed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/crystal_de fects.htm

70

Lattice and Crystal. Tf.uni-kiel.de [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-25]. Dostupné z: http://www.tf.uni-

kiel.de/matwis/amat/def_en/kap_1/basics/b1_3_1.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: high – height, wide – width, deep – depth, long – length

TASK 2: the lengths of the cell edges (a, b and c) and the angles between them (alpha, beta and gamma)

TASK 3: crystal defects – point, linear, planar

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Adjective

ˈædʒɪktɪv

přídavné jméno

Crystal

ˈkrɪstəl

krystal

Crystal lattice defect

ˈkrɪstəl ˈlætɪs dɪˈfekt

porucha krystalické mřížky

Defect

dɪˈfekt

vada, kaz, porucha

Depth

depθ

hloubka

Dimension

dɪˈmenʃən

rozměr, dimenze

Height

haɪt

výška

Length

leŋθ

délka

Linear defects

ˈlɪnɪə dɪˈfekts

čarové poruchy (dislokace)

Planar defects

ˈpleɪnə dɪˈfekts

plošné poruchy

Point defects

ˈpɔɪnt dɪˈfekts

bodové poruchy

Three-dimensional

ˈθriː dɪˈmenʃən(ə)l

třírozměrný

Unit cell

ˈjuːnɪt ˈsel

základní buňka

Width

wɪdθ

šířka

(elementární)

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Solid Body Deformation

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Praktické využití poznatků o deformaci těles

jazykový –

Present continuous forms

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 53

YEAR: 1.

Solid Body Deformation

SUBJECT: Physics

53. Solid body Deformation Deformation refers to any changes in the shape or size of an object due to an applied force or a change in temperature. Depending on the type of material, size and geometry of the object, and the forces applied, various types of deformation may result. The deformation is reversible, or elastic, if the object returns to its original shape, once the forces are no longer applied. When the stress is sufficient to permanently deform the object, it is called irreversible or plastic deformation.71 The knowledge of deformation effects play an important role in our everyday life. For example it is essential for materials testing.

TASK 1: Read an extract from the text describing a car crash test. Fill in text the correct forms of present continuous. “The car 1__________(run) into the concrete block at 40 kph. The body of the dummy 2__________(stretch) the nylon seatbelt. The dummy 3___________(touch) the airbag. Look carefully. 4_______the dummy´s face________(strike) the front window? No, it isn´t.”72

71

Deformation (engineering). Wikimedia the Free Encyclopedia [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-25]. Dostupné z: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_%28engineering%29 72 Technical English 1 workbook. England: Pearson Longman, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4058-4548-9.

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Apply to

əˈplaɪ ˈtuː

použít, uplatnit na

Deformation

ˌdiːfɔːˈmeɪʃən

deformace

Dummy

ˈdʌmɪ

figurína

Elastic deformation

ɪˈlæstɪk ˌdiːfɔːˈmeɪʃən

pružná (elastická) deformace

Extract

ˈekstrækt

výňatek

Original

əˈrɪdʒɪnəl

původní

Permanently

ˈpɜːmənəntlɪ

trvale, natrvalo

Plastic deformation

ˈplæstɪk ˌdiːfɔːˈmeɪʃən

plastická deformace

Result

rɪˈzʌlt

být následkem, vyplývat

Return

rɪˈtɜːn

vrátit se

Seatbelt

ˈsiːtˌbelt

bezpečnostní pás

Stress

stres

tlak

Stretch

stretʃ

natahovat, natáhnout

Strike (pt&pp struck)

straɪk

narazit

Sufficient

səˈfɪʃənt

dostatečný, dostačující

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Hooke´s Law

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Slovní a matematické vyjádření Hookova zákona

jazykový –

Conditional structures with when, if

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 54

Hooke´s Law

SUBJECT: Physics

54. Hooke´s Law TASK 1:  What is the difference between reversible and irreversible deformation?  Do you know what the elastic limit can be?

TASK 2: When an elastic object - such as a spring - is stretched, the increased length is called its extension. The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied to it. It is Hook´s law. 1. Give the formula. 2. How can the basic formula be rearranged if we use spring constant = applied force/extension 3. Does the value of k change if you change the shape of the spring or the material that the spring is made of? 4. What will happen with the object if the elastic limit is exceeded?73

TASK 3: Do you know what common device take advantage of Hooke ´s law?

73

Hooke´s Law. S-cool the revision website [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-26]. Dostupné z: http://www.scool.co.uk/a-level/physics/deformation-of-solids/revise-it/hookes-law

SOLUTION:

TASK 2: 1. The Hooke´s law formula F = ke can be rearranged using spring constant k = F/e 2. Yes, it does 3. It will be permanently deformed.

TASK 3: For example the balance wheel in a clock

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Balance wheel

ˈbæləns ˈwiːl

setrvačník (u hodin apod.)

Elastic

ɪˈlæstɪk

pružný

Elastic limit

ɪˈlæstɪk ˈlɪmɪt

mez pružnosti

Exceed

ɪkˈsiːd

překročit

Extension

ɪkˈstenʃən

prodloužení

Hooke’s law

ˈhʊks ˈlɔː

Hookův zákon

Proportional

prəˈpɔːʃənəl

proporční, úměrný

Spring

sprɪŋ

pružina

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Thermal Expansion

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Teplotní roztažnost a její důsledky

jazykový –

Subject questions

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 55

YEAR: 1.

SUBJECT: Physics

Thermal Expansion

55. Thermal Expansion TASK 1: How much do you remember about the heat transfer?

TASK 2: 1. What causes thermal expansion? 2. What is the material's coefficient of thermal expansion called? 3. What is usually held constant during the expansion?

TASK 2: What do you think the expansion joint is and what it is used for?

Obrázek 23/ Expansion Joint

74

The expansion and contraction of materials must be considered when designing large structures, when using tape or chain to measure distances for land surveys, when designing moulds for casting hot material, and in other engineering applications when large changes in dimension due to temperature are expected.

74

File:NYCSub ExpJoint.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2005 [cit. 2015-05-27]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NYCSub_ExpJoint.jpg?uselang=cs

SOLUTION:

TASK 2: 1. Thermal expansion is caused by the change of the temperature. 2. The coefficient of thermal expansion describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. 3. Pressure (solid materials)

TASK 3: Expansion joints absorb the thermal expansion or vibration, to hold parts together, or to allow movement due to ground settlement or earthquakes.

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Cast (pt&pp cast)

kɑːst

odlévat

Chain

tʃeɪn

řetěz

Coefficient

ˌkəʊɪˈfɪʃənt

koeficient

Contraction

kənˈtrækʃən

smrštění, stažení

Design

dɪˈzaɪn

plánovat, zamýšlet

Earthquake

ˈɜːθˌkweɪk

zemětřesení

Expansion joint

ɪkˈspænʃən ˈdʒɔɪnt

dilatační spára

Expect

ɪkˈspekt

očekávat

Ground settlement

ˈgraʊnd ˈsetəlmənt

sedání půdy

Land survey

ˈlænd ˈsɜːveɪ

zeměměřičský průzkum

Mould

məʊld

forma (na odlévání)

Size

saɪz

rozměr

Tape

teɪp

pásmo (měřící)

Thermal Expansion

ˈθɜːməl ɪkˈspænʃən

teplotní roztažnost

Usually

ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ

obvykle

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Liquid Structure

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Obecné vlastnosti kapalin

jazykový –

Linking words

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 56

Liquid Structure

SUBJECT: Physics

56. Liquid Structure The liquid state of matter is an intermediate phase between solid and gas.

TASK 1: Read the text and fill in the correct linking word: because, but, so, although, that 1)

……… liquid has an arrangement of particles similar to solids, the

particles are free to move. Liquid particles have more space between them, 2)……. they are not fixed in position. Liquids flow and fill a container, taking on the shape of the container 3)………. not changing in volume. The limited amount of space between particles means 4)

………… liquids have only very limited compressibility. A liquid cannot

be compressed 5)………. the particles are close together.75

TASK 2: Explain following terms: cohesion and adhesion, viscosity, evaporation

75

Properties of Matter: Liquids. Livescience [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-27]. Dostupné z: http://www.livescience.com/46972-liquids.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: 1) although, 2) so, 3) but, 4) that, 5) because

TASK 2:  cohesion - the tendency for the same kind of particles to be attracted to one another  adhesion - forces of attraction exist between different types of particles  viscosity - a measure of how much a liquid resists flowing freely (compare oil and honey)  evaporation - when surface particles gain enough kinetic energy to escape the system

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Adhesion

ədˈhiːʒən

adheze, přilnavost

Although

ɔːlˈðəʊ

ačkoli

Arrangement

əˈreɪndʒmənt

uspořádání

Because

bɪˈkɒz

protože

Close

kləʊz

blízko

Cohesion

kəʊˈhiːʒən

soudržnost, koheze

Compare

kəmˈpeə

srovnat, porovnat

Compressibility

kəmˌpresəˈbɪlɪtɪ

stlačitelnost

Enough

ɪˈnʌf

dostatek

Evaporation

ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃən

vypařování, odpařování

Gain

geɪn

získat, nabýt

Intermediate

ˌɪntəˈmiːdɪət

(pro)střední

Limited

ˈlɪmɪtɪd

omezený

Linking words

lɪŋkɪŋ wɜːdz

spojovací výrazy

Liquid structure

ˈlɪkwɪd ˈstrʌktʃə

struktura kapalin

Phase

feɪz

fáze, stádium

Space

speɪs

prostor

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Surface Tension

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Specifické vlastnosti kapalin

jazykový –

Strengthen specific vocabulary

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 57

YEAR: 1.

SUBJECT: Physics

Surface Tension

57. Surface Tension Surface tension describes the attraction between the surface water molecules which causes the surface of a liquid to act like a thin skin is stretched across it.

76

Obrázek 24/ Water Strider

TASK 1: What is cohesion and how does it relate to surface tension?

TASK 2: Why do small amounts of water on a freshly waxed car form raised droplets instead of a thin, continuous film?

TASK 3: What is the correlation between the surface tension of a liquid and the strength of the intermolecular forces?

76

File:Water Strider in a Pond.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-05-28]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Water_strider_in_a_pond.jpg?uselang=cs

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Correlation

ˌkɒrɪˈleɪʃən

vzájemná souvislost

Droplet

ˈdrɒplɪt

kapička, krůpěj

Film

fɪlm

povlak, tenká vrstva

Form

fɔːm

vytvořit

Freshly

ˈfreʃlɪ

čerstvě

Instead of sth.

ɪnˈsted ˈɒv ˈsʌmθɪŋ

místo něčeho

Relate

rɪˈleɪt

mít souvislost, souviset

Skin

skɪn

pokožka, kůže

Strength

streŋθ

síla

Surface tension

ˈsɜːfɪs ˈtenʃən

povrchové napětí

Thin

θɪn

tenký

Waxed

wækst

navoskovaný

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Elevation, Depression

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Kapilární elevace a deprese

jazykový –

Making predictions

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 58

YEAR: 1.

SUBJECT: Physics

Elevation, Depression

58. Elevation, Depression TASK 1: Capillary Action - elevation and depression - is the tendency of liquids to rise or to be depressed in tubes of small diameter due to the adhesion and cohesion forces. When a glass capillary is put into a dish of water, water is drawn up into the tube.  What does the height to which the water rises depend on?

TASK 2: Look at the diagram below. Why is the shape of the meniscus different in water and in mercury?

Obrázek 25/ Capillary Action

77

TASK 3: Predict what will happen when a glass capillary is put into a beaker of SAE 20 motor oil.

77

File:Capillarity.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2006 [cit. 2015-05-28]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Capillary_action

 Will the oil be pulled up into the tube by capillary action or pushed down below the surface of the liquid in the beaker?  What will be the shape of the meniscus (convex or concave)?78

TASK 4: Can you give some examples of capillary actions in our everyday life?

78

Unique Properties of Liquids. Saylor.dot.com [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-28]. Dostupné z: https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_general-chemistry-principles-patterns-and-applications-v1.0/s15-03unique-properties-of-liquids.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: The height to which the water rises depends on the diameter of the tube and the temperature of the water.

TASK 2: Because of different strength of adhesive and cohesive forces. In liquids such as water, the meniscus is concave; in liquids such as mercury, however, which have very strong cohesive forces and weak adhesion to glass, the meniscus is convex.

TASK 3, 4: Ss´ own predictions, answers

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Adhesion

ədˈhiːʒən

přilnavost

Be depressed

ˈbiː dɪˈprest

být snížený, stlačený

Beaker

ˈbiːkə

kádinka

Capillarity (capillary action)

ˌkapɪˈlarɪti (kəˈpɪləri ˈækʃən)

vzlínání

Capillary

kəˈpɪlərɪ

kapilára

Concave

ˈkɒnkeɪv or kɒnˈkeɪv

(vy)dutý, konkávní

Convex

ˈkɒnveks or kɒnˈveks

vypuklý, konvexní

Depression

dɪˈpreʃən

deprese, snížení

Diameter

daɪˈæmɪtə

průměr

Dish

dɪʃ

miska, nádoba

Elevation

ˌelɪˈveɪʃən

elevace, zvýšení

Meniscus

məˈnɪskəs

meniscus (zakřivený povrch kapaliny u vzlínání)

Rise (pt rose, pp risen)

raɪz

stoupat

Tube

tjuːb

trubička

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Thermal Expansion of Liquids

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Důsledky teplotní roztažnosti kapalin

jazykový –

relating the content to the students´ experience

Pomůcky:


WORKSHEET NO. 59

YEAR: 1.

Thermal Expansion of Liquids

SUBJECT: Physics

59. Thermal Expansion of Liquids TASK 1: How much do you remember? Explain the following terms:  thermal expansion, thermal expansion coefficient, linear and volume expansion

TASK 2: 1. What is greater: expansion of liquids or solids? 2. Is the thermal expansion of liquids linear or volume? 3. Why does the glass crack if you pour boiled water into it? How can you prevent it? 4. What are the pipeline expansion loops used for?

Obrázek 26/ Pipeline Expansion Loop

79

79

File:Pipeline Expansion Loops. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2007 [cit. 2015-05-30]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pipeline_Expansion_Loops_-_geograph.org.uk_-_633252.jpg

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature, through heat transfer. The coefficient of thermal expansion describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature.

TASK 2: 1. Expansion of liquids is greater 2. Volume 3. Due to thermal expansion and different temperatures of the glass and water.

4. To avoid explosion of pipes, to control pressure.

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Avoid

əˈvɔɪd

vyhnout se

Boiled water

ˈbɔɪld ˈwɔːtə

vařící voda

Crack

kræk

prasknout, popraskat

Expansion loop

ɪkˈspænʃən ˈluːp

dilatační smyčka

Explosion

ɪkˈspləʊʒən

výbuch, exploze

Linear expansion

ˈlɪnɪə ɪkˈspænʃən

délková (teplotní) roztažnost

Pipeline

ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn

potrubí (dálkové)

Pour

pɔː

lít, nalít

Prevent

prɪˈvent

zabránit, předejít

Thermal expansion of liquids

ˈθɜːməl ˈlɪkwɪdz

Volume expansion

ˈvɒljuːm ɪkˈspænʃən

ɪkˈspænʃən

ˈɒv

teplotní roztažnost kapalin objemová (teplotní) roztažnost

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

The Solar System

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Sluneční soustava, planety

jazykový –

Pronunciation of specific terms

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 60

SUBJECT: Physics

The Solar System

60. The Solar System TASK 1: How much do you know about our Solar System? Explain the following terms, give the Czech words for them as well. Astronomical unit, inner/outer planets, dwarf planets, stars, comets, natural satellites, gravitational force, revolution, rotation, orbit.

TASK 2: To check your answers and find out more about our Solar System visit https://quizlet.com/21248577/solar-system-flash-cards/ 80

TASK 3: Label the planets of our Solar System.

Obrázek 27/ Solar System

80

81

Solar System flashcards. Quizlet [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z: https://quizlet.com/21248577/solar-system-flash-cards/ 81 Vlastní tvorba

SOLUTION:

TASK 1, 2: See the website, Ss´ can check pronunciation of new words

TASK 3:

Note! Pluto is not considered to be a planet

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Asteroid

ˈæstəˌrɔɪd

planetka

Astronomical unit

ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkəl ˈjuːnɪt

astronomická jednotka

Comet

ˈkɒmɪt

kometa

Dwarf planet

ˈdwɔːf ˈplænɪt

trpasličí planeta, trpaslík

Earth

ɜːθ

Země

Geocentric

ˌdʒiːəʊˈsentrɪk

geocentrický, zeměstředný

Heliocentric

ˌhiːlɪə(ʊ)ˈsentrɪk

heliocentrický

Inertia

ɪnˈɜːʃə

setrvačnost

Inner

ˈɪnə

vnitřní

Jupiter

ˈdʒuːpɪtə

Jupiter

Mars

mɑːz

Mars

Mercury

ˈmɜːkjʊrɪ

Merkur

Meteor

ˈmiːtɪə

meteor

Neptune

ˈneptjuːn

Neptun

Orbit

ˈɔːbɪt

oběžná dráha, orbit

Outer

ˈaʊtə

vnější

Planet

ˈplænɪt

planeta

Pluto

ˈpluːtəʊ

Pluto

Retrograde

ˈretrəʊˌgreɪd

zpětný, retrográdní

Revolution

ˌrevəˈluːʃən

otáčka

Satellite

ˈsætəˌlaɪt

družice (planet), měsíc

Saturn

ˈsætɜːn

Saturn

Sun

sʌn

Slunce

Uranus

jʊˈreɪnəs

Uran

Venus

ˈviːnəs

Venuše

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

The Sun

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Slunce – základní statistické údaje

jazykový –

Looking information up in a data source

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 61

SUBJECT: Physics

The Sun

61. The Sun The Sun is our nearest star, it is the centre of our solar system and it provides everything with energy. As a result of the sun being so close, scientists have been able to gather lots of information about it.

TASK 1: The Sun has the following statistics: (fill in the missing numbers) Distance from Earth Radius Mass Luminosity Temperature Age Composition 82

TASK 2:

Label the diagram: Obrázek 28/ Solar Internal Structure

82

83

SF Sun Facts - Space Facts [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z: http://space-facts.com/thesun/ 83 File:Coupe solei.png. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2003 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coupe_soleil.png?uselang=cs

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: Distance from Earth - 150x106 km or 1AU Radius - 6.95x105 km Mass - 1.99x1030 kg Luminosity - 3.8x1026 Watts Temperature - 5770K or 3043°C Age - 4.5x109 years Composition - 74% Hydrogen, 24% Helium, 2% Other

TASK 2: From the bottom to the top: thermonuclear core, photosphere, chromosphere, corona, protuberance

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Chromosphere

ˈkrəʊməsfɪə

chromosféra

Composition

ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən

skladba, složení

Corona

kəˈrəʊnə

koróna

Gather

ˈgæðə

shromáždit

Helium

ˈhiːlɪəm

helium

Hydrogen

ˈhaɪdrɪdʒən

vodík

Luminosity

ˌluːmɪˈnɒsɪtɪ

zářivý výkon, svítivost

Mass

mæs

hmotnost

Near

nɪə

blízký

Photosphere

ˈfəʊtəsfɪə

fotosféra

Protuberance

prəˈtjuːbərəns

protuberance

Provide

prəˈvaɪd

poskytovat, dodat

Scientist

ˈsaɪəntɪst

vědec

Thermonuclear core

ˌθɜːməʊˈnjuːklɪə ˈkɔː

jádro

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Stars

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Hvězdy a jejich podstata

jazykový –

Reading for specific information, comprehensive check

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 62

Stars

SUBJECT: Physics

62. Stars TASK 1: How much do you know about stars? Try to answer the questions. 1. What are constellations? 2. Why do stars shine so brightly? 3. Which star is closest to the Earth? 4. What are stars made up of?

TASK 2: Read the text and match the question (1-4) above to the paragraphs (a-d). Were your answers in T1 correct? a) Over millions of years, hot clouds of gas called nebulae grow until they explode and form huge balls of fire. This is how stars are born. Our own sun is a star as well. b) Stars are sources of light. This is why they shine so brightly. The moon, planets and comets also shine, however they don´t give their own light, they just can reflect it. c) Stars are very far away. The sun is the nearest star to Earth, but it is still about 150 million km away! It is a part of the Milky Way galaxy. There are more than 100 billion stars there.

d) Stars join together in a big groups which are called constellations. If you draw lines between them they sometime look like objects, animals or people. For example Orion looks like a giant hunter with a sword.

TASK 2: Replace the words in bold with words from the text. 1. They are hot clouds of gas 2. They don´t give out their own light. 3. It is the nearest star to Earth. 4. There are billions of stars there. 5. They are groups of stars 6. It looks like a hunter.84

84

Upstream Elementary A2. England: Express Publishing, 2006. ISBN 978-1-84466-572-3.

SOLUTION:

TASK 1: 1d, 2b, 3c, 4a

TASK 2: 1 nebulae, 2 the moon, planets and comets, 3 our sun, 4 Milky way, 5 constellations, 6 Orion

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Billion

ˈbɪljən

miliarda

Bold

bəʊld

tučný (písmo)

Brightly

ˈbraɪtlɪ

jasně

Cloud

klaʊd

oblak, mračno

Constellation

ˌkɒnstɪˈleɪʃən

souhvězdí

Giant

ˈdʒaɪənt

obrovský, obří

Huge

hjuːdʒ

obrovský

Hunter

ˈhʌntə

lovec

Milky Way

ˈmɪlkɪ ˈweɪ

Mléčná dráha

Moon

muːn

měsíc

ˈnebjʊlə

mlhovina

Reflect

rɪˈflekt

odrážet

Replace

rɪˈpleɪs

nahradit

ʃaɪn

zářit, svítit

Source

sɔːs

zdroj

Sword

sɔːd

meč

Nebula (pl. nebulae)

Shine shone/shined)

nebulas/

(pt&pp

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Galaxy

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Shrnutí tematického celku, systemizace poznatků

jazykový –

Making a mind map

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 63

SUBJECT: Physics

Galaxy

63. Galaxy TASK 1: In a group brainstorm as many terms connected with the solar system, universe or galaxies as you know to create a word bank.

TASK 2: Using your word bank make a mind map to organize your thoughts. Work in groups. Here you can find some useful information: http://timemanagementninja.com/2011/05/how-to-make-a-mindmap-for-maximum-productivity/ 85 The central idea should be Galaxy

Obrázek 29/ Types of Galaxies

85

86

How to Make a Mind Map. Time Management Ninja [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z: http://timemanagementninja.com/2011/05/how-to-make-a-mind-map-for-maximum-productivity/ 86 Category:Galaxies. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Galaxies

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Brainstorm

ˈbreɪnˌstɔːm

provádět brainstorming (tj. říkat myšlenky bez jejich hodnocení)

Connected with

kəˈnektɪd ˈwɪθ

spojený s

Create

kriːˈeɪt

vytvořit

Galaxy

ˈgæləksɪ

galaxie, hvězdná soustava

Organise (AmE organize)

ˈɔːgəˌnaɪz

uspořádat, utřídit

Thought

θɔːt

myšlenka

Universe

ˈjuːnɪˌvɜːs

vesmír

Useful

ˈjuːsfʊl

užitečný

Název projektu:


Číslo projektu:

CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Téma:

Review

Účel:


Předmět:

Fyzika

Cílová skupina:





Závěrečné opakování učiva

jazykový –

Enhancing participation in a debate

Pomůcky:


YEAR: 1.

WORKSHEET NO. 64

Review

SUBJECT: Physics

64. Review TASK: Check what you have already learned doing this quiz. Work with your partner: Rain is falling vertically downwards. To a man running east-wards, the rain will appear to be coming from A.

east

B.

west

C.

northeast

D.

southeast

One nano meter is equal to A.

10-6m

B.

10-8m

C.

10-9m

D.

10-5m

Moment of inertia is A.

vector

B.

scalar

C.

phasor

D.

tensor

It takes much longer to cook food in the hills than in the plains, because A.

in the hills the atmospheric pressure is lower than that in the plains

B.

due to low atmospheric pressure on the hills, the water boils at a temperature higher than 100oC

C.

in the hills the atmospheric density is low and therefore a lot of heat is lost to the atmosphere

D.

in the hills the humidity is high and therefore a lot of heat is absorbed by the atmosphere leaving very little heat for cooking

Sound travels with a different speed in media. In what order does the velocity of sound increase in these media? A.

Water, iron and air

B.

Iron, air and water

C.

Air, water and iron

D.

Iron, water and air

RADAR is used for A.

locating submerged submarines

B.

receiving a signals in a radio receiver

C.

locating geostationary satellites

D.

detecting and locating the position of objects such as aeroplanes

If two bodies of different masses, initially at rest, are acted upon by the same force for the same time, then the both bodies acquire the same A.

velocity

B.

momentum

C.

acceleration

D.

kinetic energy

Pa(Pascal) is the unit for A.

thrust

B.

pressure

C.

frequency

D.

conductivity

SOLUTION: 1A, 2C, 3D, 4A, 5C, 6D, 7B, 8B

Dictionary English

Pronunciation

Czech

Acquire

əˈkwaɪə

získat, nabýt

Appear

əˈpɪə

zdát se

Conductivity

ˌkɒndʌkˈtɪvɪtɪ

vodivost

Detect

dɪˈtekt

objevit, zaznamenat

Downwards

ˈdaʊnwədz

směrem dolů

Eastwards

ˈiːstwədz

na východ

Geostationary satellite

dʒiːəʊˈsteɪʃənəri ˈsætəlaɪt

stacionární družice

Humidity

hjuːˈmɪdɪtɪ

vlhkost

Iron

ˈaɪən

železo

Locate

ləʊˈkeɪt

najít, vypátrat, zaměřit

Momentum

məʊˈmentəm

hybnost

Order

ˈɔːdə

pořadí

Plain

pleɪn

planina, rovina

Radar

ˈreɪdɑː

radar, radiolokace

Receive

rɪˈsiːv

přijímat

Therefore

ˈðeəˌfɔː

proto

Podpora přírodovědného a technického vzdělávání v Moravskoslezském kraji

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