PERT 01 Manajemen Operasional II. Dosen : Dr. Agus Prayitno Review Manajemen Operasional Overview Manajemen Operasional II

PERT 01 Manajemen Operasional II

Dosen : Dr. Agus Prayitno Review Manajemen Operasional Overview Manajemen Operasional II

Review Manajemen Operasional I – Konsep Manajemen Operasional – 10 Ruang Lingkup MO

Copyright ©2010 by Agus Prayitno, Dr. Fakultas Ekonomi Udinus.

Konsep Manajemen Operasi Produksi adalah proses penciptaan barang dan jasa. Operasi adalah fungsi atau sistem yang mentranformasikan input menjadi output yang lebih bernilai.

Manajemen Operasi adalah serangkaian aktivitas (Design, operation, and improvement of productive systems) yang menciptakan barang dan jasa dengan mentranformasikan input menjadi output.


Proses Transformasi Proses transformasi adalah urutan aktivitas sepanjang rantai nilai dari pemasok sampai ke konsumen. INPUT •Material •Machines •Labor •Management •Capital

TRANSFORMATION PROCESS

OUTPUT •Goods •Services

Feedback & Requirements

Sumber: Russel,Copyright 2009 ©2010 by Agus Prayitno, Dr. Fakultas Ekonomi Udinus.

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Bentuk Proses Transformasi Physical: as in manufacturing operations Locational: as in transportation or

warehouse operations Exchange: as in retail operations Physiological: as in health care Psychological: as in entertainment Informational: as in communication Copyright ©2010 by Agus Prayitno, Dr. Fakultas Ekonomi Udinus.

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10 Ruang Lingkup Keputusan MO

Desain produk dan jasa (MO I) Manajemen kualitas (MO I) Desain kapasitas dan proses (MO I) Lokasi (MO I) Desain layout (MO I) Sumber daya manusia dan desain pekerjaan (MO I) Supply-chain management (MO II) Manajemen Persediaan (MO II) Penjadwalan (MO II) Maintenance (MO II)


Ruang Lingkup Keputusan MO (Lanj) Desain barang dan jasa – Barang atau jasa apa yang akan kita tawarkan? – Bagaimana kita merancang barang dan jasa tersebut? Manajemen kualitas – Siapa yang bertanggunga jawab atas kualitas? – Bagaimana mendefinisikan kualitas? – Bagaimana mengukur kualitas?


Ruang Lingkup Keputusan MO (Lanj)

Desain kapasitas dan proses – Proses apa dan bagaimana urutan yang diperlukan untuk membuat produk tersebut? – Apa peralatan dan teknologi yang diperlukan setiap proses tersebut? Lokasi – Dimana kita menempatkan fasilitas yang diperlukan? – Kriteria apa saja yang digunakan untuk memutuskan lokasi?


Ruang Lingkup Keputusan MO (Lanj) Desain layout – Bagaimana kita akan menyusun/meletakkan fasilitas? – Seberapa besar/luas yang diperlukan setiap fasilitas? SDM dan desain pekerjaan – Seberapa banyak pekerjaan yang diperlukan? – Berapa banyak pekerja yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan tersebut?


Ruang Lingkup Keputusan MO (Lanj)

Supply chain management – Apakah membuat atau membeli input yang diperlukan? – Siapa yang menjadi pemasok dan berapa banyak yang kita miliki? Persediaan, perencanaan keperluan material, JIT “just-in-time” inventory, – Berapa banyak persediaan setiap item yang harus dimiliki? – Kapan melakukan order?


Ruang Lingkup Keputusan MO (Lanj) Penjadwalan jangka menengah, pendek dan

penjadwalan proyek – Apakah subcontracting production pilihan yang tepat? – Apakah menghentikan tenaga kerja merupakan tindakan yang tepat pada saat penurunan?

Pemeliharaan – Siapa yang bertanggung jawab terhadap pemeliharaan?


Overview Manajemen Operasional II

Supply Chain Management (SCM), Inventory Management, Agregat planning, Enterprise Resourse Planning (ERP), Penjadwalan Jangka pendek, just in time, Maintenance & Reliability, Quantitative Models (Programming Linear, transportation problem, dan waiting line)


Supply-Chain Management Planning, organizing, directing, & controlling

flows of materials – Begins with raw materials – Continues through internal operations – Ends with distribution of finished goods Involves everyone in supply-chain – Example: Your supplier’s supplier Objective: Maximize value & lower waste Copyright ©2010 by Agus Prayitno, Dr. Fakultas Ekonomi Udinus.

What Is Inventory? Stock of items kept to meet future demand Purpose of inventory management – how many units to order – when to order


Types of Inventory Raw materials Purchased parts and supplies Work-in-process (partially completed)

products (WIP) Finished pruduct Items being transported Tools and equipment Copyright ©2010 by Agus Prayitno, Dr. Fakultas Ekonomi Udinus.

Aggregate Planning Requires Logical overall unit for measuring sales

and outputs Forecast of demand for intermediate planning period in these aggregate units Method for determining costs Model that combines forecasts and costs so that planning decisions can be made


Sales and Operations Planning Determines the resource capacity needed to meet

demand over an intermediate time horizon – Aggregate refers to sales and operations planning for product lines or families – Sales and Operations planning (S&OP) matches supply and demand

Objectives – Establish a company wide game plan for allocating resources – Develop an economic strategy for meeting demand Copyright ©2010 by Agus Prayitno, Dr. Fakultas Ekonomi Udinus.

Planning Setting goals & objectives – Example: Meet demand within the limits of available resources at the least cost Determining steps to achieve goals – Example: Hire more workers Setting start & completion dates – Example: Begin hiring in Jan.; finish, Mar. Assigning responsibility Copyright ©2010 by Agus Prayitno, Dr. Fakultas Ekonomi Udinus.

Material Requirements Planning (MRP) Manufacturing computer information system Determines quantity & timing of dependent

demand items 44 25 25

55 15 15

33 33

Net Net R Requirem equirements ents

88 77

Planned Planned O Order rder Receipts Receipts

77

G Gross ross R Requirem equirements ents Scheduled Scheduled Receipts Receipts Available Available

Planned Planned O Order rder Releases Releases


11 22 55 25 25

22 20 20 23 23

77

33 30 30 33 33

MRP Requirements Computer system Mainly discrete products Accurate bill-of-material Accurate inventory status – 99% inventory accuracy Stable lead times


Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Software that organizes and manages a

company’s business processes by – – – –

sharing information across functional areas integrating business processes facilitating customer interaction providing benefit to global companies


What is Scheduling? Last stage of planning before production

occurs Specifies when labor, equipment, and facilities are needed to produce a product or provide a service


Short-Term Scheduling Deals with timing of operations Short run focus: Hourly, daily, weekly Types Forward Scheduling B Today

Backward Scheduling

E

B Due Date

Today


E Due Date

Objectives in Scheduling Meet customer due

Minimize overtime

dates Minimize job lateness Minimize response time Minimize completion time Minimize time in the system

Maximize machine or

labor utilization Minimize idle time Minimize work-inprocess inventory


What is Just-in-Time? Management philosophy of continuous and

forced problem solving Supplies and components are ‘pulled’ through system to arrive where they are needed when they are needed.


What Does Just-in-Time Do? Attacks waste – Anything not adding value to the product • From the customer’s perspective

Exposes problems and bottlenecks caused

by variability – Deviation from optimum

Achieves streamlined production – By reducing inventory


Model membantu manajer Secara lebih akurat mewakili realitas. Memperoleh gambaran mendalam tentang hubungan

antar fenomena bisnis Menemukan cara yang lebih baik guna menetapkan

pasangan kombinasi nilai variabel keputusan. Membantu pengambil keputusan memahami masalah. Membantu mengkomunikasikan masalah dan solusi dengan orang lain. Menyederhanakan masalah yang besar dan komplek berdasarkan waktu


Ruang Lingkup QM

Forecasting Inventory Control Linear Programming Models: Graphical and Computer Methods Transportation and Assignment Models Waiting Lines and Queuing Theory Models Markov Analysis Copyright ©2010 by Agus Prayitno, Dr. Fakultas Ekonomi Udinus.

QM yang didiskusikan di MO II Inventory Control Linear Programming Models: Graphical

and Computer Methods Transportation and Assignment Models Waiting Lines and Queuing Theory Models


PERT 01 Manajemen Operasional II. Dosen : Dr. Agus Prayitno Review Manajemen Operasional Overview Manajemen Operasional II

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