PERKEMBANGAN PEMBAHASAN BONN CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE
Toferry P. Soetikno Direktur Pembangunan, Ekonomi dan Lingkungan Hidup Kementerian Luar Neger RI Juni 2015
Outline Proses menuju kesepakatan baru Hasil Geneva Climate Change Conference Bonn Climate Change Conference: ▫ ADP streamlining text ▫ Workstream 2 ▫ SBI/SBSTA
Way Forward
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Proses Kesepakatan Baru Perubahan Iklim 2015 DURBAN OUTCOMES (COP17-2011) Pembentukan Ad Hoc Working Group on Durban Platform (ADP): - WS I: Protocol, another legal instrument, or an agreed outcome with legal force applicable to all parties in 2015, implemented from 2020 - WS II: Pre 2020 ambition gap
DOHA GATEWAY (COP18-2012) - Mempercepat proses persiapan rezim hukum baru untuk diadopsi tahun 2015 dan berlaku 2020. - Amandemen Doha untuk berlakunya Periode KP II (2013-2020)
WARSAWA (COP19-2013) - Menyusun nationally determined contribution - Elaborasi lebih lanjut mengenai elemen draft negotiating text untuk LBA 2015 - Menyampaikan submisi terkait highest possible mitigation actions
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Proses Kesepakatan Baru Perubahan Iklim 2015 LIMA CALL FOR CLIMATE ACTION (COP 20-2014) Rancangan Kesepakatan sebanyak 43 halaman (terdiri dari elemen preambule, objective, definitions, mitigation, adaptation, time frames, means of implementation, dll)
Geneva Negotiating Text Rancangan Kesepakatan sebanyak 90 halaman (103 Paragraf isi, dua kali lipat penambahan opsi dan isi dari rancangan sebelumnya)
Bonn Climate Change Conference (Juni 2015) Rancangan Kesepakatan di-streamlined dari 90 hlm menjadi 85 halaman.
Geneva Climate Change Conference • Jenewa, 8-13 Februari 2015 • Membahas: - Elemen-elemen kesepakatan berdasarkan Lima Call for Climate Action - INDC - Pre-2020 ambition Menghasilkan Geneva Negotiating Text (GNT)
GNT: Section A, B, C
Preambule, Definitions, General/Objectives • Berisi : ▫ Principles of the Convention (equity, CBDR-RC, dll) ▫ Artikel 2 (the ultimate objective) ▫ Universality ▫ Science, 1.5/20C ▫ Low greenhouse gas dan climate resilient economies ▫ Hubungan antara Mitigation-Adaptation-Loss and damage ▫ Article 6 (education, training, public awareness) ▫ Gender equality, intergenerational equity, human rights, right to development, youth, Mother Earth
GNT: Section D Mitigation
• Berisi : ▫ Long-term and global aspects (global goal) ▫ Contributions/commitments/actions ▫ Institutional arrangements ▫ Reporting ▫ Accounting rules
GNT: Section E
Adaptation and loss and damage • Adaptation berisi : ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫
Long-term and global aspects Contributions/commitments/actions Monitoring and evaluation Sharing information, knowledge, lesson learned Institutional arrangements
• Loss and damage: ▫ Institutional arrangements ▫ Warsaw International Mechanism ▫ Financial support for L+D provisions
GNT: Section F Finance
• Berisi: ▫ Guiding Principles (Global goal)
▫ Anchoring of institutions (GCF, LDCF, AF, SCCF) ▫ Scale of resources Short term goal/pathaway/individual quantitative commitments based on a USD 100 bio per year floor/ % of GNP
▫ Contribution under the legal arrangement ▫ Sources ▫ Reporting
GNT: Section G
Technology development and transfer • Berisi: ▫ Long-term goal/General section ▫ Commitments Removal of barriers
▫ Institutional arrangements Strengthen cooperative action to promote and enhance
GNT: Section H Capacity building • Berisi: ▫ General Formal, structured, clear, predictable, effective, coordinated, demanddriven/country-driven
▫ Commitments ▫ Institutional arrangements
GNT: Section I
Transparency of action and support • Berisi: ▫ General Single/common transparency framework Facilitate clarity, comparability, accountability to ensure environmental integrity Built on existing MRV arrangements
▫ Commitments ▫ Rules and modalities E.g. Accounting rules, use of market mechanisms, etc.
Bonn Climate Change Conference • Bonn, Jerman, 1-11 Juni 2015 • Pertemuan: ▫ ADP2.9 ▫ SBI-42 ▫ SBSTA-42
• Pembahasan ADP 2.9 menghasilkan working document yang merupakan versi streamlined dari Geneva Negotiating Text yang semula berjumlah 90 halaman menjadi 85 halaman.
ADP 2.9: Streamlining Text
Sumber: World Research Institute
ADP 2.9: Streamlining Text Definisi tidak dibahas
Preamble dan General/Objective Reklasifikasi paragraf dan streamlined menghindari reinterpreting dan rewriting Konvensi.
ADP 2.9: Streamlining Text Mitigasi keterkaitan antar section penyesuaian penempatan beberapa isu ke section yang lebih tepat penambahan penjelasan mengenai differensiasi isu mekanisme pasar untuk sektor berbasis lahan Inventarisasi bagian teks yang akan masuk dalam Agreement atau Decision
ADP 2.9: Streamlining Text Adaptasi Reclustering text berdasarkan tema, paragraf, dan teks.
Finance Perbedaan pandangan terkait isu scale of resources dan linkages isu pendanaan.
Technology development Peningkatan sinergi dengan institusi lain Review atas adequacy dan efektifitas Contentious isu dalam IPR dan long-term technology goal.
ADP 2.9: Streamlining Text Capacity building mekanisme dan institusi di bidang capacity building.
Transparency of actions and support ex-ante arrangement (establishment, tujuan exante, time frame, hasil, modalitas serta perbaikan)
Perbedaan pandangan antara ex-ante dan strategic review.
ADP 2.9: Streamlining Text • Facilitating implementation and compliance ▫ perbedaan pandangan antara mengenai CBDR
• Procedural and institutional provisions ▫ interim arrangement ▫ mekanisme dan institusi baru bagi Agreement 2015
Perbandingan Geneva Negotiating Text dengan Streamlined and Consolidated Text Section
GNT Pages
Para
Streamlined Pages
Para
A
Preamble
1-4
1-4
B
Definitions
4-5
4-5
C
General/ Objectives
5-8
1-16
5-8
1-16
D
Mitigation
9-20
17-49
8-20
17-49
E
Adaptation and loss and damage
20-34
50-78
21-32
50-78
F
Finance
34-52
79-128
32-47
79-128
G
Technology development and transfer
52-56
129-134
47-51
128-133
H
Capacity Building
56-59
135-140
51-54
134-139
I
Transparency of action and support
59-71
141-161
54-65
140-160
J
Timeframes and process related to commitments/ contributions/ other matters related to implementation and ambition
71-82
162-193
65-77
161-192
K
Facilitating implementation and compliance
82-84
194-201
77-79
193-199
L
Procedural and institutional provisions
85-90
201-224
79-85
201-223
Pembahasan Workstream II • Accelerated implementation, high-level engagement terutama dalam Technical Examination Process (TEP) • Peran aktor non-pemerintah • Koordinasi di antara badan-badan konvensi.
Way Forward – Proses Climate Change Conference Disepakati Geneva Negotiating Text tetap menjadi satusatunya dokumen resmi hingga COP21. Pada 24 Juli 2015 single document lampiran dari Scenario Note Co-Chairs ADP2.10 sebagai“tool” pembahasan ADP mendatang. ADP akan dilaksanakan 2 (dua) kali lagi sebelum COP21 di Paris (31 Agustus-4 September 2015 dan 19- 24 Oktober 2015, di Bonn)
Way forward – Jadwal Perundingan Konsultasi informal setingkat menteri oleh Presiden COP 20/CMP 10 bersama incoming president COP 21/CMP 11, Paris, 20-21 Juli 2015; Bonn Climate Conference, Bonn, 31 Agustus – 4 September 2015; Konsultasi informal setingkat menteri, 5-6 September; Bonn Climate Conference, Bonn, 19-23 Oktober 2015; dan COP 21, Paris, 30 November – 11 Desember 2015
Way forward – Note Presiden COP 21 Paris Climate Alliance yang memuat 4 pillar utama yaitu: Kesepakatan Baru yang legally binding; INDCs kunci sukses yang harus memuat elemen mitigasi dan juga adaptasi; Refleksi keberhasilan financial and technological resources adalah komitmen untuk mewujudkan penyediaan dana 100 miliar dollar/tahun pada tahun 2020; Lima-Paris Action Agenda harus bersifat inklusif (melibatkan non-state actors), party-driven, dan tetap mendorong implementasi Pre-2020.
Way Forward – Persiapan Delri • Analisa lebih lanjut Geneva Text untuk identifikasi duplikasi dan overlapping • Pemilihan elemen Geneva Text untuk menjadi bagian dari Agreement 2015, COP Decision, interm arrangement • Persiapan INDC Indonesia • INDC faktor penentu arah kontribusi/komitmen Perubahan Iklim
Terima Kasih
