P,enerbit Cintya Press memberikan appresiasi atas kepercayaan

Introduction: General English For University Students

KATA PENGANTAR PENERBIT

P

,enerbit Cintya Press memberikan appresiasi atas kepercayaan para penulis buku yang berjudul "Introduction: General English for University Students Terlebih lagi diantara penulis tersebut telah diterbitkan pula karyanya yakni buku "'English ForLaw ". Untuk itu penerbit menilai bahwa buku ini layak menjadi referensi ilmiah terkait pemahaman dasar dalam pemanfaatan bahasa Inggris bagi para mahasiswa yang sedang menempuh program studi Jenjang D3 maupun Jenjang SI. Dengan demikian buku ini memberikan manfaat bagi para mahasiswa secara luas.

Jakarta, September 2013. Salam Penerbit Cintya Press.


KATA PENGANTAR PENULIS

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uji syukur kami panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa atas segala Berkah, Hidayah, serta Pentunjuk-Nya hingga akhirnya buku yang berjudul "Introduction: General English for University Studentf* dapat terselesaikan dan dapat diterbitkan. Untuk itu, kami mengucapkan terima kasih atas dorongan semangat motivasinya dalam penulisan buku ini kepada Rektor Universitas Borobudur Prof.Dr.H.Basir Barthos, Pimpinan Akademi Bahasa Asing Borobudur dan keluarga kami yang sangat apresiatif. Juga kami ucapkan terima kasih kepada Pimpinan Cintya Press beserta team editornya sehingga buku ini memperoleh kepercayaan dan layak untuk diterbitkan. Harapan kami, meskipun sifatnya pengantar namun mudahmudahan buku ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi mahasiswa yang sedang menempuh studi pada jenjang D3 maupun jenjang SI. Akhirnya dengan segala kekurangannya, kami penulis berharap pula adanya kritik dan saran dari pembaca guna karya kami yang lain. Jakarta, 10 September 2013. Salam Penulis

vi


CONTENT Unit

Grammar

Communication

UNIT I

Simple Present To Be : Am, Is Are

I am a student I am not teacher Are you teacher?

UNIT 2

Simple Present Verbs: Study, Go, etc.

UNIT 3

Present Continuous Simple Prese nt vs Prese nt Continuous Modal Auxiliar f

She studies English She doesn't study Japanese Do you study English? What do you study? I am studying English.

UNIT 4

UNIT 5

UNIT 6

UNIT 7

UNIT 8

UNIT 9

UNIT 10 UNIT 11 UNIT 12

Simple Past To Be: Wa s, Were Simple Past Verbs: Went, Studied, etc.

I go to campus every day. I am studying English now. I can speak English. I have to go to campus. You may borrow my book She was beautiful, They were here.

Vocabulary Occupation

Verbs 1 / Infinitive

Adjective Phrasal Verb

Places

Synonym

I went to campus Antonym yesterday. We studied English last year. I was crossing the American vs Past Continuot s street... British English We were studying English . . . Simple Prese nt I go to campus Compound everyday but I went to •.word vs Simple Past : the seminar yesterday. I have eaten. Verbs 3/ Past Present Perfect Participle Simple Past .i/s I have bought a car. I False friend bought it last week. Present Perfect Passive Voice English is studied in Idiom the first semester.

vii


DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR PENERBIT KATA PENGANTAR PENULIS CONTENTS DAFTAR ISI

v vi vii viii

UNIT I SIMPLE PRESENT: with TO BE

1-9

UNIT 2 SIMPLE PRESENT : with VERBS

9 - 20

UNIT 3 PRESENT CONTINUOUS

21 - 30

UNIT 4 SIMPLE PRESENT VS PRESENT CONTINUOUS

31 - 40

UNIT 5 MODAL AUXILIARIES

41-48

UNIT 6 SIMPLE PAST TENSE to be: was/were

49 - 58

UNIT 7 SIMPLE PAST TENSE VERBS: Went, studied

59 - 66

UNIT 8 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

67-74

UNIT 9 SIMPLE PRESENT VS SIMPLE PAST

75 - 82

UNIT 10 PRESENT PERFECT

83-90

UNIT U SIMPLE PAST VS PRESENT PERFECT

91 -102

UNIT 12 PASSIVE VOICE

103 - 111

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

viii


UNITI

SIMPLE PRESENT: with TO BE

VOCABULARY OCCUPATION Doctor Psychologist Engineer Secretary Driver House wife Cashier Policeman Manager Musician Cook Baker Singer Teacher Author Nurse Typist Lawyer Architect Bricklayer Archeologist

: dokter : psikolog : insinyur : sekretaris : supir : ibu rumah-tangga : kasir : polisi : manajer : musisi : tukang masak : pembuat roti : penyanyi :guru : penulis : perawat : tukang ketik : pengacara : arsitek : tukang batu : arkeolog 1


Mention their job. Example:

She is ....

2

He is ....


SIMPLE PRESENT Penggunaan: Simple Present digunakan untuk situasi sekarang (now) yang selalu (always), sering (often), kadang-kadang (sometimes) benar. Kita menggunakannya untuk membicarakan tentang: 1. FAKTA, (yang benar untuk situasi sekarang) I'm a student. (= benar hari ini, bukan hari lain) 2. STATE, (menyatakan situasi yang selalu benar)

Grass is green. Note: Jika dalam satu kalimat tidak ada kata kerja (verb) maka menggunakan To Be (am, is, are) sebagai pengganti kata kerja. Contoh: > I am at home. > She is beautiful. ^ They are students. Keterangan : at home (kata keterangan tempat), beautiful (kata sifat), students (kata benda). Bentuk: Positive (+) I am beautiful. He is a student. We are in the class.

Negative (-) I am not ugly. He is not a teacher. We are not in the cinema.

Interrogative (?) Am I beautiful? Is he a teacher? Are we in the class?

3


Speaking. Observe this conversation and work in pairs.

Sumber gambar: http: / /www.mes-english.com /worksheets / comicstripmaker.php


Make your own conversation by using kinds of occupation in the box above.


Reading and Writing. Her name is Katie. She is a student. She is beautiful. Her father is a policeman and her mother is a nurse. Her father is tall and her mother is big. Katie's brother is John. He is an engineer. John is the oldest. He is handsome. Katie's sister is Mary. She is a psychologist. Mary is smart. Both of them are nice. Katie is the youngest. They are happy family. •

Make a paragraph and tell about you. You can arrange your writing as the reading above. My name is

Exercises. I. Put To Be : am, is or are. 1. The weather nice today. 2. My brother and I good tennis players. 3. These bags heavy. 4. ... they in London? 5. Ann at home. Her children At school. 6. I a taxi driver. 7. She . . . smart but she ... (negative) pretty. 8. They ... slow but they ... (negative) stupid. 9. I . . . rich but I... (negative) happy. 10. ... George a doctor? II. Write full sentences with correct T o B e : am, is, are 1. Jenny 18 years old. 2. The shops open today. 3. You very tall. 4. Their house very big. 5. My shoes very dirty. 6


6. We friends forever. 7. My mother nurse. 8. My sisters nurses, too. 9. John and Bob twins. 10.1 in the class.


UNIT 2

SIMPLE PRESENT : with VERBS

VOCABULARY Go Stand Live Sleep Study Eat Drink Do Wash Cook Take bath Take Put Push Pull Read Write Sing Say Tell Ask Answer

: pergi : berdiri : hidup/ tinggal : tidur : belajar : makan : minum : mengerjakan : mencuci : memasak : mandi : mengambil : meletakkan : mendorong : menarik : membaca : menulis : menyanyi : mengatakan : menceritakan : bertanya : menjawab


M a t c h occupation in column A w i t h their work in column B. B A A. He treats sick people and gives prescription. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Uè

1. A- A.......

2.

§m

P

w

3.

B. He finds an ancient temple.

C. He arranges the bricks.

D. He protects people from bad guys.

4. E. He makes some cakes and breads.

| 5. 10

1


F. She takes care for sick people.

G. She works for her boss in a company.

H. He writes many books.

8. I. He advises people in legal matters.

9. J. They sing many songs.

10.

11


SIMPLE P R E S E N T Penggunaan: Present Simple digunakan untuk situasi sekarang (now) yang selalu (always), sering (often), kadang-kadang (sometimes) benar. Kita meng-gunakannya untuk membicarakan tentang : 1. PERCEPTION, (persepsi panca indra yang bisa kita lihat, dengar, rasakan, kecap dan cium) I see that you have your coat on (— at this moment but we do not say I'm seeing that...) Kita sering menggunakan kata kerja tersebut di atas dengan can. You can see the sun in the morning. You can hear the wave in the beach. Can you smell the fragrance of the flowers? 2. GIVING INSTRUCTION USING THE IMPERATIVE, (memberikan perintah kepada pasien dengan menggunakan kalimat perintah) Open your book please. (= I want you to open your book now) Stand up please. (= I want you to stand up now) 3. REGULAR DAILY ACTIVITIES. (Kegiatan sehari-hari) Mrs Dora usually wakes up at 4 am in the morning Bentuk: ?

+ I You We They He She It

1.2

know

knows

I You We They

don't

know

Do

doesn't

know

Does

I You We They He She It

know ?

know ?


Speaking. Study the following conversation. Work in pairs.


Make your own conversation by using simple present.

14


Reading. My Activities I get up early in the morning at 4 o'clock. I cook for breakfast. I have breakfast at 6. I don't wash the dishes because my sister does. I go to work by train. I catch the train at 7.30. I arrive at the office in thirty minutes. I work in human resources department. I usually eat lunch at 12.30. I like vegetables and mashed potatoes for lunch. I go shopping after office hours. I don't watch TV but listen to music in the evening. Answer these questions based on reading. 1. When do you get up in the morning? 2. Do you cook for unch? 3. Do you cook for breakfast? 4. Do you wash the dishes? 5. What time do you arrive at the office? 6. Do you go to work by bus? 7. Do you work in marketing department? 8. What do you like for lunch? 9. What do you do after office hours? 10. What do you do in the evening?

Writing. Write a paragraph about Susan's activities. Change I with Susan. Susan's Activities

15


"Jf*-

Three Beautiful Flowers There are beautiful flowers in the jungle. They are Rose, Flamboyant, and Jasmine. They are perfect and admirable flowers. Rose is red, it has bright red color. Flamboyant is an orange, it has soft orange color. Jasmine is purely white. Their scents are fragrance. They have slim trunk. Their leaves are fresh green. Although they are beautiful but unfortunately they are so selfish and arrogant. They do not want to talk to other flowers. They are so proud of themselves. They thought that the other flowers are ugly, pity and uninteresting just like them. So, the other flowers do not like them.

Until one day, there is a bee; an ugly bee with dirty wings came to them. He wanted to play with them just like the other bees do. But, the Rose ask the ugly bee to go away : " Don't touch me...! You are so disgusting...!if I could...I would like to have torn along my trunk so Y * 0 * U couldn't touch me...!". Then he went to Flamboyant's place. But the Flamboyant said :"Please,...I would like to have long and big trunk so you couldn't reach me...!you are so D-I-R-T-Y and U-G-L-Y...!!!". He felt sad, ignored and rejected. But, he still hoped that the last beautiful flower would welcome him. He said :"Hello my fellow, may I " He had not finished his words yet but The Jasmine said : "Y16


O-U are N-O-T my friend....! If I could I would like to have small petals and thick leaves so I could hide from you...!!!". The Jasmine said angrily to him. He started crying because none of them would like to play with.

The poor ugly bee flew to "Wishing Tree". He asked the Wishing Tree:" Please, give me a chance to make their words come true. I want to give them as they wish, although I have to give my life for it in return." Then he crashed his sting to The Wishing Tree. Suddenly there's big frightening storm from the dark sky as a sign that his wishes are accomplished. Not so long after that, The Rose has torn along her trunk. So, we have to be careful to touch or pick roses. The Flamboyant has big and tall trunk, we cannot see the flowers closely. We have to climb its trunk to pick its flowers. The Jasmine becomes small and has thick leaves. We just smell its scent and it usually is used as fence. They have had what they wish so do the poor ugly bee; he died. We have to be careful to what we say.

Answer questions 1. What are the three beautiful flowers? 2. Do they like bee? Why? 17


NOTES


UNIT 3

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

VOCABULARY Beautiful/ Pretty Handsome Ugly Bad Good Tall/ High Short Low Smart/ Clever Stupid Lazy Diligent Narrow Broad Big Small Interesting Boring Difficult Easy Sweet Bitter

: cantik : tampan : jelek : buruk : baik : tinggi : pendek : rendah : pintar : bodoh : malas : rajin : sempit : luas : besar : kecil : menarik : membosankan : sukar : mudah : manis : pahit

21


Fill in the blank with adjective appropriately. Choose the adjective in the box. 1. The powder medicine tastes ... so the pharmacist add sugar in it. 2. George g o t . . . . Score so he didn't pass the exam last year. 3. The book is very .... I can't stop reading. 4. Don't be ! You must study hard. 5. Mark is n o t . . . he is j u s t . . . student. 6. Jeany is ... student. She wins math competition. 7. The office boy is ... so his boss likes him. 8. The lesson is very .... The teacher talks whole the time. 9. This building is as ... as that building. 10. My brother is 180 cm. He is as ... as my father. Choose the correct sentences regarding to the pictures. He is sleepy. He is happy.

He is sad. He is happy.

He is frightened. He is laughing. He is singing. He is laughing.

J2S

22


PRESENT CONTINUOUS Penggunaan: Kita menggunakan present continuous untuk membicarakan tentang kegiatan dan pengalaman bukan pernyataan. • • Kegiatan yang sedang terjadi pada saat berbicara. V m just talking to Sally. (= on the telephone at this moment) Father is sleeping, keep quiet please. (= at this moment) • • Kegiatan yang benar pada saat sekarang tetapi tidak menetap (permanen) This year I'm working at a hospital in Ijondon. (= the speaker knows that the work in London is temporary). • • Kegiatan atau pengalaman (sakit) yang berubah dari satu keadaan ke keadaan lainnya. Kita sering menggunakan comparative adjectives (e.g. good-better-best or bad - worse- worst) ketika kita menggunakan present continuous. Nurse: You don't think the pain is getting any better with your treatment? ( = is your experience of the pain changing from bad to good?) Patient: No. I feel it's getting worse. (= my experience of the pain continues to get worse) Dalam bahasa Inggris tidak biasa menggunakan kata-kata berikut ini dalam present continuous: agree, be, believe, hear, know, like, prefer, see, smell, taste, think, understand, want. Ketika have berarti kepemilikan/possession (7 have a car) atau menyatakan pernyataan/ pengalaman (I have a pain in my left leg), hal ini tidak disampaikan dalam present continuous. Namun, kita dapat menggunakan have dalam present continuous ketika kata kerjanya dalam sebuah frasa untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan atau proses yang berarti menikmati: I'm having breakfast. We are having a good time. Beberapa kata kerja (e.g. feel, hurt, live) dapat berarti pernyataan atau keiatan tanpa mengubah arti (e.g. How are you feeling today? I How do you feel today? And My ulcer hurts / is hurting at the moment). 23


Bentuk : ?

+

I

Am

I

Am not

Am

I

eating You We They She He It

eating Are

Is

You We They She He It

Are not

Are

Is not

Is

Discussion. What are they doing?

24

You We They She He It

eating ?


Speaking. Study the conversation. Work in pairs.

25


Make your own conversation by using present continuous.

26


Writing. Write a report by using present continuous. Write down these sentences below in present continuous. 1. A beautiful butterfly/fly / i n the garden. 2. One day the butterfly /lay eggs. 3. Worms/ break the egg's shell. 4. An active worm /eat many leaves greedily. 5. It/ look for comfortable place. 6. The worm / cover itself with soft membrane. 7. After a few day, it /change into a cocoon. 8. The w o r m / sleep soundly. 9. Until it/ come out of its cocoon. 10. Now, it/ have beautiful day with its new beautiful wings. Exercises. Make a negative and interrogative sentences, 1. I am working in Jakarta. (-)•• (?)...

2. She is studying English.

(-) (?)... 3. They are reading a book.

o (?)... 4. A thief is breaking the window. (-) (?)... 5. George and John are buying many books. (-) (?)••• 6. Mary is shopping in the supermarket. (-) (?)... 7. The cat is drinking milk. (-)... 27


UNIT 4

SIMPLE PRESENT VS PRESENT CONTINUOUS

VOCABULARY Wake up Turn off Turn on Get on Get off Get in Get out Hand in Absent from Suffer from Check in Check out Back away Back off Ask for Bring up Bring about Spread out Go through Pick up Put on

: bangun : mematikan : menyalakan : naik : turun : masuk : keluar : menyerahkan : tidak hadir : menderita : mendaftarkan (diri) : memeriksa : mengelakkan diri : mundur : meminta : membesarkan, mendidik, mengasuh : menghasilkan : membentangkan, merentangkan : mengalami : menenjemput : memakai


SIMPLE PRESENT VS PRESENT CONTINUOUS. Penggunaan: Simple Present: Kita menggunakan simple present untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang berulang. Present Continuous : Kita menggunakan present continuous untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang terjadi sekarang. Study the following examples: Simple Present STATES Pernyataan berarti sesuatu yang sama menetap. The room is clean. Mr. Brown owns the apartment. Kata kerja pernyataan biasanya tidak bisa menjadi continuous.

Present Continuous ACTIONS Aksi berarti sesuatu yang sedang terjadi. I'm cleaning the room. Mr. Brown is buying the apartment.

Contoh: Beberapa kata kerja pernyataan: be, believe, belong consist of, contain, depend on, deserve, exist, hate, know, like, love,matter, mean, own, need, prefer, remember, resemble, seem, understand. I think you're right. (= believe) We have three cars. (= own) I come from Sweden. (= live in) J see jour problem. (= understand) Do you see that house? (= have

I'm thinking about the problem. We're having lunch. (-— eating) I'm coming from Sweden. (— travelling) 1 usually come on the plane. Mark is seeing his boss. {= meeting) I see Daniel quite often. 35


I'm looking at this picture. in sight) This picture looks nice. She appeared/was appearing She appears very nervous. (— in a film. seems) They weighed/were weighing The bag weighedfive kilos. my bag. The coat fits. (= is in the right I'm fitting a lock to the window. size) Bobby is being rude this morning. (— Bobby berlaku kasar/hanya pagiini) Tom is always inviting friends here. Bobby is a kindperson. (= He invites them very often.) (= Bobby sebenarnya adalah I'm always making silly orang yang baik.) mistakes. (= I make silly mistakes too Tom always invites us to stay at often.) Christmas. (= He invites us every Christmas.) / always I'm working at a sports shop for make silly mistakes in exams. (= six weeks. I make At the moment they're living in a very small flat mistakes in every exam.) / work at a sports shop. It's a permanentjob. They live in a very nice flat. Speaking. Make the conversation in order and put it in the picture. Student A Student A Where do you live? I am fine, thanks. What do you do? I am looking for some books How are you? and pencils. What are you doing? I live in Jogj a, but I am living with my older brother here. I am a student.

36



The Snail And The Deer One day the deer and the snail had entered a race. The deer had made fun of the snail because of his slowness. The snail became angry and he challenged the deer to have a race. "We will race to the well on the other side of the woods," said the snail. "All right," replied the deer. They decided to hold the race on the coming Saturday. On Saturday they began their race. The swift runner was the deer, he soon got to the other side of the well. The snail was not there. The deer laughed to himself and called out "Hello brother Snail, where are you?" "Here I am," The Snail replied. The amazed deer found the snail, sticking his head up out of the well. Determined to beat the snail, the deer said: "We will have another race. Let's race to the next well.". "All right" said the snail and the race began again. The deer ran as fast as he could. He was there in a matter of moments, and having reached the spot he called as before, "Brother Snail, are you here yet?" "Here I am," again answered the snail. "Why have you been so slow? It has almost been ages since I have been waiting here for you.". The deer tried again and again, but always with the same result; At last he gave up and accepted defeat to the snail. Little did he know that the snail whom he had entered into race with had not even moved an inch from his place. He had many cousins in each of the wells of the town, all of whom exactly looked like one another. Having heard the crows talking of the proposed race, they were determined to help their cousin to win it.

38

Introduction: General English for University Students

So they perched themselves on the edge of their wells and answered to the deer as he came to each well. Answer the questions 1. What does the story tell about? 2. Who are the main characters? 3. What did they do? 4. What happened in the race? 5. Which one is better for you? The deer or the snail? Give the reason. Exercises. Put the verb into the correct form; present continuous or present simple. Example: (you/ want) Do you want something to drink? (I/listen) / am listening to music now. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

(prefer) I to eat vegetables to meat. (She/want) Who is that girl? What ? (use) Don't put the book away. I .... It. (She/ look) Who is that girl? Why at me? (belong) This book .... to me. (not/ remember) .... Her address. (You/ always/ complain) You have what you want. Why

8. (consist) 9. (boil) 10. (boil)

The Earth .... mainly of water. Water Can you turn the stove off? Water .... at 100 degrees Celsius.

39

Introduction: Generai English For University Students

UNIT

5

MODAL AUXILIARIES

VOCABULARY Abattoir Apiary Archives Aviary Cannery Creche Dairy Dispensary Dormitory Dungeon Gallery Granary Hatchery Orchard Orphanage Quay Stall Tannery

: tempat pemotongan hewan : pemeliharaan lebah : arsip : kandang burung : pabrik kaleng : penitipan bayi : pembuatan susu : apotik : asrama : penjara : tempat pameran lukis, : lumbung padi : penetasan telur : kebun buah : panti asuhan : dermaga : kios : penyamakan kulit

Match the places in column A with its definition in column B B A A. Medicines can be stored here. 1. Cannery B. Birds can leave here. 2. Hatchery 3. Gallery C. Leather will be collected. 4!


4. Tannery 5. Dispensary 6. Dormitory 7. Apiary 8. Aviary

D. Freshmen look for this place to stay. E. Artist can leave his paintings. F. Produce cans for beverages. G. Eggs will be broken out. H. A home for bees.

Discussion What is this place?

¡111 II' •<

4

42

li:;


Modal auxiliaries dalam bahasa Inggris berfungsi menambahkan makna terhadap kata kerja, menyesuaikan dengan bentuk tenses dan selalu diikuti dengan bentuk dasar kata kerja. Kata kerja bantu di bawah ini antara lain menyatakan: must, have to, h a s to, had to, have got to, ought to, had better yang berarti seharusnya/sebaiknya example : I have to study tonight can, could yang menyatakan kesanggupan/kemampuan/kemahiran example: She can play a violin shall, will digunakan untuk menyatakan 'akan' dalam bentuk future tense example: I shall go to Bandung next week m a y kata kerja bantu yang berarti 'boleh/mungkin/permohonan izin example: May I leave the class now? might bentuk lampau dari may yang juga dapat digunakan untuk masa kini atau masa mendatang example: I might be late to come to class tomorrow

43


Speaking. Make a conversation by using modal auxiliaries.


Obyek Subyek Modal Verba sing old song She can must drink hot tea They in this city The exam should do with this ball I will play mathematic She study has to the room early had better leave You Can, could, may,might, should, had better, must, will and would tidak boleh ditambahkan to, -s/es, ing pada kerja dasar, atau merubah kata kerja dasar menjadi kata kerja kedua atau kata kerja ketiga. Salah Betul - She can not speak English - She can not to speak English very well very well - The head officer must take - The head officer must took a a decision to improve their decision to improve their product product The teacher will asking you - The teacher will ask you many questions many questions Exercise 1: Add 'to' in the sentence if necessary. 1. A l i c a n n o t speak honesdy. I have tell him to be honest 2. The students must learn all of the irregular verbs 3. Dony and I might play tennis after school tomorrow. 4. You had better not come to the class late. The teacher will be angry 5. I have had a lot of trouble sleeping in the fasting month. I have got get a goodnight's sleep. I can barely stay awake in class 6. will you pass the salt, please? 7. The director ought attend the meeting to decide the result 8. Could you get me a cup of coffee? 9. You may have problem with your visa 10.1 would rather drink avocado juice than tomato

45


Exercise 2: Complete the dialogue by using 'should', 'ought to', or 'had better' 1. I have to buy some food for dinner, but I can't leave my littie daughter alone at home. What should I do? 2. Keiko wants to improve her English. What should she do? 3. I got only C on my conversation. What should I do? 4. I asked Tina to marry me. She said no. What should I do? Exercise 3: Complete the sentence by using 'have to','has to', or 'had to' 1. I need a car beause 2. When I was in Junior High school, 3. If you want to travel abroad, 4. I'm sorry I was absent from class yesterday, but 5. When I worked in my uncle's office, Exercise 4: Complete the sentence with don't/ doesn't have to atau must not 1. A: Children, your mother and I are going to go out this evening. I want you to be good and follow these rules: You must do everything the baby-sitter tells you to do. You go outside after dark. It's Saturday night, so you go to bed at eight. You can stay up until eight-thirty. And remember you pull the cat's tail. Okay? B: Okay father

46


UNIT 6

SIMPLE PAST TENSE to be: was/were

Vocabulary Go in Disappear Purchase Loathes Stumble Achieve Change Remember Postpone Frighten Ruin Complain Happen Notify Boast Assist Abandon Catch Beg Educate

-

(verbs — synonyms)

enter vanish buy detest trip accomplish alter recollect put off scare spoil moan occur inform brag help leave capture ask for teach

-

masuk hilang membeli membenci tersandung mencapai mengubah mengingat kembali menunda menakuti merusak mengeluh terjadi memberitahu membanggakan membantu meninggalkan menangkap memohon mendidik


Change the synonym of the underlined words below. 1. A lady was in danger: 'Don't take my wedding ring, I beg you, please.' 2. Mrs. Janet was in the class. She taught students patiently. 3. There were a police officer and a man. The police caught the thief. 4. There was a handsome man. The man went into the cinema. 5. Katy was a shop attendant. She helped the customer nicely. 6. Johnny was rich. He boasted about his wealthy. 7. The accident happened last night. 8. We were on holiday. The rain ruined the picnic. 9. Actually Joanne was patient but she moaned upon her lost belonging. 10. Harry was naughty and he frightened his little brother. Discussion What did they do?

50


Simple past tense digunakan untuk aktifitas yang telah selesai dilakukan pada waktu tertentu di masa yang lalu. Keterangan waktu yang digunakan pada umumnya menggunakan yesterday, last week, ago. Was, were merupakan bentuk lampau dari to be am, is, are. I She He was It They We were you

here sunny late

Examples: - Was she here an hour ago? - Was it sunny yesterday? Exercise 1: Example: Questions Answer Questions Answer

week ago last month yesterday

- where were you 5 years ago? - were you busy lately?

Speaking. Make a dialogue with your friend beside you. : Were you late this morning? : Yes, it was (or 'No, it wasn't) : was she a nice girl? : Yes, she was (or No. she wasn't)

Clues: film, married, a good time at party, at the station, a spy

51


Exercise 2: reading Tony and Mira had a party. Tony's parents were there and so were Mira's. Everybody ate cakes, drank, and enjoyed the party. Only Tony's mother did not eat or drink very much. She was unhappy. Make and answer the questions by using the words given. 1. When/a party 2. Tony's parents there 3. Mira's too 4. What/drink and eat 5. a good time 6. Tony's mother unhappy Exercise 3: Change the sentence into Past Tense 1. He is not in his office. The Directors in the office 2. We are very late. Rudi very late 3. We are almost ready. My sisters almost ready 4. They are not at work. Tuti at work 5. The pen is in the drawer. The pens in the drawer 6. I am very tired. Mother tired 7. That men are angry. My uncle & gty 8. He is not in his room. The singers in the room 9. Those exercises are not very easy. This test easy 10. That woman is not busy. My sisters Busy n

53


Exercise 4: Complete the sentence by using Past Tense. Example: I was angry because Tina and Rudi were late 1. She happy because 2. They here because 3. He sad because Answer these following questions by scanning the classified ads in a newspaper. 1. How many apartments are for rent in Maiden? 2. How much is the cheapest apartment in Lynn? 3. Whom would you call about an apartment in Canton? 4. Whom would you call about apartment in Brighton near transportation? 5. Where is apartment that you do not allow to have a pet? 6. What is the phone number for the apartment in Lynn with parking? 7. What is the phone number for the Essex Realty Company? 8. Where is apartment rented ? and you have to call Bonny. 9. Where is apartment with laundry? 10. How much is apartment with parking, near Boston University and call 962-5431. Brighton, 2 bdrm, full kitchen, dining area,$l,260. Call 876-5522 Brighton, laundry,$850Down Town Real Estate Company,521-0021 Brighton, Near Boston Univ., Studio ,$925;Move in 1/9.341-8003 Brighton, Near transportation, XL studio, clean, good owner. $890 with heat Call Katty741-8800 Brightonew, 1 bdrm.„dishwashergar den,$950. Estate Company,45254

Burlington,2bdrrn,neighbo ring mall. Call 756-6422 Cambridge, luxury apts,2bdrm, balcony. Call Bonny 355-4400 Cambridge, 4rm,lbdrm, no fee, with heat $1,84. Call 341-8003 Canton. 2bdrm,garden, near pet shop, trans.$875.call Young 2654147 Concord, 3bdrm,pool,tennis,near


0667 Brighton,cozy, 1 bdrm,bath,laucky. Parking, near Boston Univ.,$965. Call 962-5431 Brighton, 3bdrm.,kitchen,no heat,$1.395,no heat Real Estate Company, call 286-3152 Brockton,5bdrm,heat,pool,sauna.$9 ,500. Call 596-2775 Essex Realty Co. Brookline,6rooms,3 drm.,parking,no heat,$l,599.call 542-3200

East Boston, 4rm,lbdrm, no fee, with heat. $1,954. Call Mary 895=7553 Lynn, 3bdrm,pool,tennis,near market. $450. Call Sally 954-2110

Lynn, steps from beach, new ,1 bdrm. $600. Sydney 610-1964

river. $1,450. Call 532-8007 Chelsea, 2 bdrm,near subway, with heat.$750. Call 983-7330 Dorchester, 1 bdrm, condos, tennis, pool, Kingsley Properties 4758959 Easton,2bdrm30' from Boston, Molly 832-1186 Easton, 3bdrm, garage, backyard, negotiable. Eddy 213-1961

Maiden, luxury apts,2bdrm, balcony..$1358.Call 2869977 Maiden, luxury landed house, 2bdrm, balcony. $l,879.Call Baldwin 2032010 Newton, 2bdrm,neighboring mall. 55


Lynn, cozy,lbdrm,bath,laudry. Parking, near bus station.! 551. Debby 214-1994 Malden,2bdrm,ac,heat,no pets, walk to subway. 644-7562

Pool.$752.Call 492-28447 Newton, 2 bdrm, full kitchen, dining area,$348. CaU333-2119


NOTES


4. The last lesson was .... but this time it is very interesting. 5. People yelled for their ... after defeating the opponent. 6. Father went to office in the dawn and went back home in the 7. We inhale oxygen and . . . carbon C 0 2 . 8. The cashier received the money and ... the items bought. 9. George shouldn't be ... but be polite to his parents. 10.1 bought new shoes and I gave my ... one to my brother. Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menerangkan aktifitas yang telah selesai dilakukan pada waktu tertentu di masa yang lalu. Keterangan waktu yang digunakan pada umumnya menggunakan yesterday, last week, ago. Pola kalimat positif (+) I,She, H e , T h e y , W e , Y o u , I t Contoh: We went Pola kalimat negatif (-) I, She, He, They, We, You, It Contoh: We did not go Pola kalimat bertanya (?) What/ Where/ Which/ W h e n / W h y / W h o / W h o m / How Contoh : Where did you

Verb 2 to the party last night

did not + verb 1 to the party last night

did + Subyek + verb 1 go

last night ?

Dalam bahasa Inggris terdapat 2 macam kata kerja yaitu: 1. Kata kerja beraturan, Yaitu pada perubahannya, diakhir kata ditambahkan ed/ d Contoh: study studied studied hope hoped hoped play played played 2. Kata kerja tidak beraturan. Contoh: sleep slept slept hit hit hit swim swam swum 60


Exercise 1: Write the change of verb into regular or irregular. Base Form Awake Be Choose Do Eat Find Get Hope Lend Make Pay Ring Stop Understand Write Send Buy Bring Fly Blow Take Swim

Past Simple Awoke

Past Participle Awoken

Exercise 2: Change the sentence from Present Tense into Past Tense 1. Cory usually gets up at 5 o'clock. Yesterday, she up at 5 o'clock 2. Cory usually wakes up early. Yesterday, she up early 3. Cory usually walks to work. Yesterday, she to work 4. Cory is usually late for w o r k Yesterday, she late for work 5. Cory usually has lunch with her friend. Yesterday, lunch with her friend 61


Exercise 3: Change the verb in the bracket into Past Tense 1. They (finish) the work yesterday 2. Fery (not,borrow) some money from his friend last night 3. Mrs Ina (explain) the lesson to us very clearly 4. That company (hire) twenty new workers last week 5. Everyone (not,enjoy) the party very much last night 6. The students (study) those two lessons last week 7. My friend (not,tell) me about our homework this afternoon 8. Yuni (send) some books for us yesterday 9. My sister (go) to Europe for two and a half months 10. The secretary (not,put) two or three names on the list Exercise 4: Choose one of the correct word given which suitable to the sentence and change into Past Tense Hurt teach spend sell throw fall catch buy be cost be need 1. We hungry, so we something to eat 2. My father me how to drive when I 17 3. Dony down the stairs this morning and his leg 4. We some money, so we our car yesterday 5. Ani a lot of money yesterday. She a dress that $80 6. Joni the ball to Susi, who it Exercise 5: Make questions to your friend who just come from holiday. 1. where / go? 3. Food/ good? 5. stay in a hotel? 2. go / alone? 4. How long/stay there? 6. How/ travel? 7. the weather / nice? 9. meet / interesting people? 8. what / do in the evening? 10. when / come home? Exercise 6: Complete the conversation by changing the correct words in the brackets. 1. A: (you, sleep) well last night? 62


B: Yes, . I (sleep) very well 2. A: (you, go) to class yesterday? B: No, . I (stay) home because I (not, feel) good 3. A: (Mark Twain, write) Tom Sawyer? B: Yes, . He also (write) Huckleberry Finn 4. A: (the children, go) to the zoo yesterday? B: Yes, . They (have) a wonderful time. 5. A: (you, eat) breakfast this morning? B: No, . I (not,have) enough time. I (be) late For class because my alarm clock (not, ring) 6. A: (you,stay) home and (study) last night? B: No, . I (go) to a new movie, The valley of the Vampires. A: (you, like) it? B: It was okay, I guess, I don't really like horror movies.

63


Make your own conversation by using simple past.

64


NOTES


UNIT

8

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

VOCABULARY American English Gasoline Truck Baggage Sidewalk Crosswalk Line Vacation Parking lot Diaper French fries Subway Antenna Elevator Eraser Apartment Yard Flashlight Cookie Candy Restroom

Bensin Truk Bagasi Tempat pejalan kaki Tempat penyeberangan jalan Antrian Liburan Tempat parkir mobil Popok Kentang goreng Stasiun kereta bawah tanah Antenna Tangga berjalan Penghapus Rumah susun Kebun Senter Kue kering Permen Kamar ecil

British English Petrol Lorry Luggage Pavement Zebra crossing Queue Holiday Car park Nappy Chips Underground Aerial Lift Rubber Flat Garden Torch Biscuit Sweet Toilet

67


Translate the following sentences into American English. 1. The baby was crying. She needed nappy changed. 2. Jane was in the toilet. She was washing her hands. 3. We were in middle of the way home when the petrol was running out. 4. My father was setting up the aerial when it was raining. 5. Litde children should be accompanied when they were using lift. 6. There were long queue of lorry last night. 7. We were looking for car park when we saw a robbery. 8. The litde girl was eating biscuit when her mummy called her. 9. She was taking some sweets when the bell rang. 10. We needed torch to see in the dark. Discussion What were they doing?

68


Past continuous digunakan pada suatu aktifitas yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau, atau terdapat dua aktifitas, dimana satu aktifitas terjadi lebih awal ketika aktifitas kedua sedang berlangsung. Keterangan waktu yang digunakan 'at this time yesterday' atau terdapat kata sambung 'when' atau 'while' Pola kalimat positif (+) I, He, She, Was It You, We, Were They Contoh : He was accident happened You

were

Pola negatif (-) not I, kalimat He, She, was It You, We, were They not Contoh: He was not accident happened You

were not

kata kerja 1 ing kata kerja 1 ing driving

cooking kata kerja 1 ing kata kerja 1 ing driving

cooking

+

Past Tense

+

Past Tense

to Bandung when the

when mother called +

Past Tense

+

Past Tense

to Bandung when the

when mother called

Pola Waskalimat I, bertanya he, she,(?) kata kerja 1 + ing Past Tense it Past Tense you, we, they kata kerja 1 + ing Were Contoh: Was he driving when the accident happened? Were you cooking when mother called? Kalimat bertanya dapat diawali dengan kata tanya When, Where, Why, Who, Whose, Whom, How

69


Exercise 1: These were A n a ' s activities yesterday. 1. 08:45-09:15 had breakfast 2. 09:15 - 10:00 read the newspaper 3. 10:00 - 12:00 cleaned her room 4. 12:45-01:30 had lunch 5. 02:30 - 03:30 washed some clothes 6. 04:00-06:00 watched TVWrite Ana's 1. At 09:00 2. At 09:30 3. At 11:00 4. At 01:00 5. At 03:00 6. At 05:00

activities she did yesterday by using the clue given. she she she she she she

Exercise 2: There were some activities at the hotel when the fire alarm rang. 1. Dony / take / a bath 2. Ana / write / a letter 3. Gina / get / ready to go out 4. Cyntia and Wendy / have / dinner 5. Toni / make / a phone call Exercise 3. Arrange the words below into a correct sentence by using Past Tense dan Past Continuous Tense 1. I / fall / asleep when I / watch / TV 2. The phone / ring / while / I / take / a shower 3. It / begin / to rain while I / walk / home 4. We / see / an accident while we / wait / for the bus 5. Ria / talk / to the professor when I / see / her. 6. When the students / hear / the bell, they / get up / and leave 7. When we / meet / him 1990, he / live in Semarang 8. When the alarm / ring /, He / jump out of bed quickly 9. The truck / go / very fast when it / hit/ our car 10. They / eat / dinner when we / arrive 70


11. The boy / fall / and / hurt/ himself while he / ride / his bicycle 12. When I / leave / my office last night, it (rain, still) very hard 13. The men / argue / about the plan when I / come / into the office 14. The telephone /ring / while I / take / a shower 15. That tourist / lose/ his camera while he / walk / around the city Complete 4. Complete the sentence by using Past Tense or Past Continuous Tense 1. Sally (eat) dinner last night when someone (knock) on the door. 2. I began to study at seven last night. Fred (come) at 7:30. I (study) when Fred (come) 3. While I (study) last night, Fred (drop by) to visit me. 4. My roomate's parents (call) him last night while we (watch) tv 5. My mother called me around five. My husband (come) home. Short after that. When he (come) home, I (talk) to my mother on the phone.

6. Yesterday afternoon I (go) to visit my aunt. When (get) there around two o'clock, she (be) the yard. She (plant) flowers in her garden. Rachmat (be) in the garage. He (work) on his car.

we in Mr He 71


(change)

the oil in the car, the children (play) in front yard. In other words, While Mr Rachmat (fix) the oil in the car, children (play) with a ball i n the yard. p « ? :

7. Yesterday Toni and Mia (go) to the zoo around 1 o'clock. They (see) many kinds of animals and (hav) a few adventures. While they (walk) by the elephant, it (begin) to squirt Water at them, so they (run) behind a rock and (dry).. themselves. Later, while they (pass) the giraffe area, one of the tall, purple-tongued animals (lower) its head toward Toni and (start) to nibble on his green hat. Mia said, "Shoo!" At that point the giraffe (stretch) its head toward Mia and (try) to eat her ice cream cone. Mia (not,let) die giraffe have the ice cream because she (stand) right in front of a sign that said, "Do not feed the animals." She (point) at the sign and (say) to the giraffe, "can't you read?"


73


UNIT 9

SIMPLE PRESENT VS SIMPLE PAST

Armchair Basketball Butterfly Breakfast Dragonfly Cupboard Eggplant Firefighter Jellyfish Football

VOCABULARY -> Arm + Chair kursi (yang ada sandaran tangan) -> Basket + Ball bola basket/ bola keranjang -> Butter + Fly kupu-kupu Break + Fast sarapan Dragon + Fly capung Cup + Board lemari -> Egg + Plant terong Fire + Fighter petugas pemadam api Jelly +Fish ubur-ubur ->Foot +Ball -> sepakbola

Make a line to make compound words. drop

[ shine sun

storm

spout

under

light

moon

water

day

quake

ram

beam

earth

bow

http://mvw.leaminggamesforkids.com/vocabulary-games/compoundwords/ compouad-word-match-nature.html 75


SIMPLE PRESENT VS SIMPLE PAST Simple Present Time : Frequency:

Simple Past Time: Definite time in the past:

Always, Often, Every .., Yesterday, ...ago (two days Usually, Sometimes, Rarely, ago), Last ... (Last week), in ... Ever, Never. (in 1967) Repeatedly activities

Activities in the past.

Talk about something true in fact/now.

Talk about past activities and there is no correlation with now (the speaker doesn't know whether it is true now).

'Mr.Jones works every day.'

'Mr.Jones worked yesterday.* (= pembicara tahu bahwa kemarin Pak Jones bekerja tetapi tidak tahu apakah Pak Jones bekerja hari ini.)

Menggunakan kata kerja dasar; infinitive verbs. Menngunakan Do atau Does untuk membentuk kalimat negative dan kalimat tanya. 'She studies English.' 'She doesn't study Japanese.' 'Does She study English?' They eat pizza.' They don't eat hamburger.' 'Do they eat pizza?'

Menggunakan kata kerja +ed untuk regular verbs dan irregular verbs. Menggunakan Did untuk membentuk kalimat negatif dan kalimat tanya. 'She worked yesterday.' 'She didn't work yesterday.' 'Did she work yesterday?' 'They ate pizza' 'They didn't eat hamburger.' 'Did they eat pizza?'

77


Speaking. Study the following conversation. Work in pairs. Student A : 'What do you usually do in the morning?' Student B 1 wake up at 6 o'clock, take a bath and eat breakfast. But yesterday I woke up at 7 o'clock, took a bath and ate breakfast late. How're about you?' 'I cook for breakfast, drink milk and go to campus, Student A but two days ago I cooked fish, drank green-tea and went to the mall' T)o you play tennis?' Student B 'I swim once a week but last week I played tennis Student A with my father' 'I usually play tennis with my sister but yesterday we Student B swam in water- park'

78


Exercises. Make sentences based on the pictures below. He/She usually ....

Yesterday, He/She ...

79


Sumber gambar : http://www.mes-english.com/flashcards/dailyroutines.php

Put the correct form; Simple Present or Simple Past. 1. I was tired. I (sleep) very well. 2. My mother always (cook) for breakfast. 3. I (go) to campus on Monday to Friday. 4. We .... (go) to Bali last year. 5. They ... (not/go) to London last year. 6. She .... (study) every night at 7 o'clock. 7 (She/ drink) milk five minutes ago? 8. No, ... (He/ not buy) a new car last year. 9. Father seldom .. ..(bring) his car to office. 10 (your father/ wash) his car by himself? Make sentences by using both Simple Present and Simple Past. Example: I usually go to campus by bus but yesterday, I went to campus by car.

80


She always writes a letter to her mother but she came home last week. 1. I usually but yesterday I 2. I often but last year I 3. I ever but last week I 4. I everyday, but I (not) yesterday. 5. I once a week, but I last week. 6. She (not) very often but yesterday She 7 You on Saturdays? You last night? 8 He every morning? He two days ago? 9. He usually but last night He (not) 10. My family sometimes but last year we

81


UNIT 10

PRESENT PERFECT

VOCABULARY Go Stand Break Sleep Bring Eat Drink Do Buy Take Write Sing Tell Swim Fly Sell Have Sing Blow Throw Catch Teach

-Went - Stood - Broke - Slept - Brought -Ate - Drank -Did - Bought - Took - Wrote - Sang -Told - Swam - Flew -Sold -Had - Sang -Blew - Threw - Caught - Taught

- Gone - Stood - Broke - Slept - Brought - Eaten - Drunk - Done - Bought - Taken - Written - Sung -Told - Swum - Flown -Sold -Had - Sung - Blown - Thrown - Caught - Taught

: pergi : berdiri : memecahkan : tidur : membawa : makan : minum : mengerjakan : membel : mengambili : menulis : menyanyi : menceritakan : berenang : terbang : menjual : mempunyai : menyanyi : meniup : melempar : menangkap : mengajar


PRESENT PERFECT Penggunaan: Present perfect untuk menggambarkan keadaan (sebuah tindakan, peristiwa atau pernyataan) yang benar pada saat ini karena keadaan lain di masa lampau. Penggunaan present perfect simple untuk membicarakan tentang: • • Hasil saat ini karena tindakan di masa lampau. Hasil tindakan atau pengalaman itu lebih penting bagi pembicara atau pada keadaan ketika hal itu terjadi. Sebagai contoh I have eaten burger dalam bahasa Indonesia diterjemahkan dengan Saya telah/ sudah makan burger. I have eaten two burgers. Thankyou.(= the result of the past action - the speaker now is full and couldn't eat anymore). Hasil dari kegiatan yang sudah lewat; makan 2 burger sehingga tidak mau makan lagi karena masih kenyang. I have had scholarship so I study here, (mendapatkan beasiswa dianggap perlu dikemukakan karena lebih penting sehingga pembicara bisa sekolah) Present Perfect Simple dalam hal ini membicarakan tentang kemajuan sebuah prosedur. Kita dapat menggunakan kata keterangan still, yet and just dalam hal/ keadaan ini. Still untuk menggambarkan keadan yang belum berubah (masih sama); Yet idigunakan dalam kalimat negative atau kalimat tanya yang berarti 'belum'; Just menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu baru saja terjadi. Janet still hasn 't told me how she wins the competition. (= there is no change in the speaker's knowledge of the situation). Pembicara tidak mengetahui bagaimana Janet memenangkan pertandingan. Has he seen the Therapist yet? (= has this situation happened at any time before now?) I've just met John. (= the speaker met John recendy/only a short time before now) Ada penggunaan dua bentuk kata kerja go dalam present perfect. Penggunaan have been (to) menunjukkan bahwa seseorang telah kembali dari bepergian tetapi penggunaan have gone (to) 84


menunjukkan bahwa seseorang tidak berada di tempat yang sama dengan pembicara (tapi mungkin nanti kembali) She's been to Bali. (= dia telah pergi ke Bali dan saat ini dia telah kembali/ada di sini) She's gone to Bali. (= dia telah pergi ke Bali dan sekarang ada di Bali) • • Tindakan atau pengalaman yang merupakan bagian dari pengalaman pribadi seseorang atau sejarah kesehatan seseorang. Kita tidak dapat melihat hasil tindakan atau pengalaman seseorang saat ini, tetapi kita tertarik mengetahuinya sekarang. Kita menggunakan e per dan atau before yang berarti "dalam hidupmu' secara umum. Nurse: Have you ever had a serious ill before? (= do you have this experience in your medical history?) Patient: Yes, I have. (= we cannot see the result now but the answer is 'yes') •• Tindakan atau pengalaman yang benar di masa lalu dan masih benar di masa kini. Mario: Have you ever had allergy? (= was there a time in the past when you had allergy and do you have allergy now?) Mr Desmond: Yes. I've had allergy all my life. (= I had allergy when I was born and I have allergy now) Ketika kita menggunakan present perfect dengan cara ini, kita juga menggunakan for (sejumlah waktu;selama) atau since (waktu tepatnya untuk; sejak) untuk mengatakan berapa lama tindakan atau pengalaman itu telah berlangsung: I've had a car for two years. (= duration of time) He has bought a house since 1998 (= specific of time) Bentuk: + I You We They She He it

Have

Has

I You We They She eaten He lunch it

eaten lunch

Have not (Haven't)

eaten lunch

Have

Has not (hasn't)

eaten lunch

Has

p I You eaten We lunch? They She He eaten lunch? it 85


Speaking. Note: Kita dapat menggunakan Present Perfect keika berbicara tentang pengalaman dalam hidup. Tetapi jika ingin mengetahui kapan hal tersebut terjadi maka menggunakan Simple Past. Study tbe follomng conversation. Work in pairs.

86



Writing. You are writing a letter to a friend. Use the present perfect. Dear Eddy, Lots of things have happened since I last gone to Jakarta. 1. 1/ buy a little house in suburban. 2. My husband/ work in American company. 3. W e / have three children. 4. Sarita/ not finish her study yet. 5. A d i / enroll to a university. 6. My father/be sick. 7. My mother/ get back pain. 8. W e / not see your sister yet. 9. W e / have her telephone number. 1 0 . 1 / miss you for along time.

Exercises. Make sentences in present perfect. 1. Elly's notebook is working now. (she / repair / it) 2. It is cooler in here now. (I / open / the window) 3. The guests are here at last, (they / arrive) 4. John's car isn't blocking us in now. (he / move / it) 5. We haven't got any new videos, (we / watch / all these) 88


Discussion. W h a t has happened?

89


UNIT 11

SIMPLE PAST VS PRESENT PERFECT

Recipe Channel Desert Affect Advice Accept Annoyed Beside Bored Confused Contain

= = = = = = = = = = =

VOCABULARY resep Receipt hubungan Canal gurun Dessert mempengaruhi Effect nasehat Advise Except menerima terganggu Annoying disebelah Besides bosan Boring bingung Confusing Consist berisi

= tanda terima = terusan = hidangan penutup = pengaruh = menasehati — kecuali = mengganggu = disamping itu = membosankan = membingungkan = terdiri dari

Put the words (false friend) in the sentence appropriately. 1. Contain - consist • The boxes ... frozen food. • A family ... of father, mother and children. 2. Bored-boring • John felt extremely... because of staying at home all alone. • The documentary film was long and ... 3. Recipe - receipt • I put the ... on the table. • Your cake is delicious! Is this a new . . . ? 4. Dessert - desert •

I like vanilla ice-cream as .... 91


• The camel live in the .... 5. Accept - except • We agree to go to Puncak ... my mother. •

We ... the agreement

SIMPLE PAST VS PRESENT PERFECT Penggunaan: Present Perfect : menceritakan tentang kejadian di masa lampau dan sekarang. I have eaten, so I am full now. (saya sudah makan sehingga saya kenyang sekarang) Simple Past: men ceritakan tentang masa lampau, waktu yang sudah lewat seperti Yesterday (kemarin), Last week (minggu lalu), Two days ago (dua hari yang lalu), in 1998 (pada tahun 1998). Contoh: Present Perfect Simple P as t Daisy has packed her case. Daisv packed her case last nisbi. (Daisy telah mengepak tas- (kita tidak tahu apa barangnya, sehingga barang- barangnya sudah ada di tas, yang barangnya sudah ada di dalam pasti dia sudah mengepak tas-nya tas sekarang) tadi malam.) John repaired the car vesterdav. John has repaired the car. (John telah memperbaiki (kita tidak tahu apakah sekarang mobilnya, sehingga mobilnya mobilnya tetap baik, yang pasti John sudah memperbaiki mobilnya sudah baik sekarang) kemarin.) Mother has cooked fish. (Ibu sudah masak ikan, sehingga kita bisa makan sekarang)

Mother cooked fish a week ago. (Ibu memasak ikan seminggu yang lalu tetapi kita tidak tahu apakah ibu masak ikan sekarang.)

We have lived here for twenty

We lived here for twenty years.

92


years. (kita telah tinggal di sini selama 20 tahun dan sekarangpun masih)

(kita tinggal di sini selama 20 tahun dan sekarang tidak lagi tinggal di sini)

/ haven't met Bryan today. (saya belum bertemu Bryan I didn'tmet Bryan Sarah at work today. hari ini/ hari belum berganti, Saya tidak bertemu Bryan dikantor masih hari ini) hari ini/ jam kerja sudah habis) Speaking. Make the conversation in order. Put in to the blank in the picture. Student B Student A What kind of car did you buy? I bought it last week. I have bought a new car. I bought a city car. When did you buy? Great..! Pve bought a new car, too.

93


Note: Kita sering menyampaikan informasi dalam presentperfect. Kita menggunakan past simple untuk memberikan keterangan secara mendetail atau menanyakan secara detail tentang sesuatu seperti 'Kapan* dan 'Dimana' hal itu terjadi.

94


Reading Temperamental Girl There once was a litde girl who had a bad temper. Her father gave her a bag of nails and told her that every time she lost her temper, she had to hammer a nail into the back of the fence. The first day, the girl had driven 40 nails into the fence. Over the next few weeks, as she learned to control her anger, the number of nails hammered daily gradually dwindled down. She discovered it was easier to hold her temper than to drive those nails into the fence. ^*vtt^u^-»« Finally, the girl didn't lose his temper at all. She told Her father about it and the father suggested her that she pulled out one nail for each day that he was able to hold her temper. The girl passed and told her father that all the nails were gone. Her father took his daughter by his hand and led her to the fence. He said, "You have done well, my daughter, but look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger, they leave a scar just like this one. You can put a knife in a man and draw it o u t It won't matter how many times you say I'm sorry. The wound is still there." Answer questions. 1. What couldn't the girl handle? 2. What did her father give her? 3. What did he ask to her daughter? 4. Did the girl pull out her all nails? 5. What happened to the fence? 6. What is the moral message of the reading? Exercises. Decide whether the underlined sentences are True or False. Correct the ones that are False. Example: Have you sent the letter? I can't find it anywhere. True Have you sent the letter yesterday? False Did you send the letter yesterday? 95

Introduction: General English for University Students

1. bought new shoes last night. 2. I have bought new shoes last night. 3. I am very hungry. I have eaten, p 4. I have eaten so I am full now. 5. Where have you been yesterday? ^ 6. Have you ever been to Bali last year? 7. Did you go to Bali last week? y 8. Jane lost her key. She looks For it. r~ 9. Jane has lost her key. She looks for it 10. She met her boyfriend last night. Put the verb into the correct form; Present Perfect or Simple Past. 1. Your bicycle looks clean. J^Vf^-r you (wsh) it? 2. When I . .^fS (get) home last night, I fr!~(feel) tired. 3. John isn't here. He.... .\ . . . . . . . . (go) to the post office. 4. George AVf^>.....(not/be) to Bali. He plans to go there. 5 . Mary . . . . . (not/be) a t home yesterday. 6. Brandon and Bobby — (sell) their house. 7. We . . . | s e l l ) our old apartment last year. 8. We i.... (buy) the new apartment since 2004. 9. Susan .^.i (not/ find) her purse yet since this morning. 10. She (take care) her little sister hen her Mum went out Error Recognition Identify one underlined word or phrase that should be corrected or rewritten. 1. Some studen in the garden read books and drink coffee. A B C D A

£LAJL

2. I don't believe there is many people in the factory money. B A / 3. Lean telling ynn if your loan has been approved just possible. B

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for asking C D as soon as C D


4. She would feel better if she had his room was cleaned. A B C D A 5. One of managers answers Director. B

s

t

many question from the President C D

A B 6. We looked to hundreds of documents before we found what we were looking for. C D A X G L ^ 7. The computers that are purchased for this project leaves in the store. B C D A 8. The computer training covered everything to making a file creating database. B C D A 9. The difference language throughout the Indonesian islands add their colour. <\ B C D 10. He is always asking in history study presents by other students. A B C D Reading Comprehension As a member of the Electrix team, you know that Electrix is a world leader in the field of the electronics. But do you know that we are the leading manufacturer in Spain? Do you know that we have companies in northern Africa, Europe, and north and south America? Do you know that you are one of over 38.500 employees worldwide? 97


By reviewing this report of Electrix operations, you will learn more about your company. Our very first manufacturing plant, SpanElectrix is still in Madrid and is our European headquarters. Telecor Ltd is in Rabat, Morocco, where our capacitors, semiconductor diodes and transistors are manufactured. Electix in South America, based in Caracas, Venezuela, produces most of our satellite communications equipment as well as office equipment devices like answering machines and all types of telephone equipment. Our sales and distribution outlets stretch from Venezuela to Egypt. The most recent company to join our ranks is the Softcomp Corporation. This organization designs new software and enhances existing packages. It is based in New York City where the main offices of Electix in the Americas are located. 1. To whom this report intended for? - A. customer B. employee C. Board of Directors 2. Electrix is world leader in ... A. manufacture B. technology • (Cj Electronics 3. The following sentences describe Electrix's employees ... A. it has thirty eight thousand and five hundred employees B. it has tiiirty eight hundred and five thousand employees C. it has thirty eight and five million employees 4. In what country is Electrix the main producer of electronics? (A:\ Spain B. Venezuela C. Madrid 5. Electrix's European headquarters is in . A. Spain B. Venezuela (Cp Madrid 6. Which company in the organization is the newest member? A. Telecor J y Softcomp C. SpanElectrix 7. Transistors are produced in ... A. Spain B. Venezuela \Q/ Morocco 8. Where the Electrix companies yet to be established? A. Madrid B. Malaysia C. Morocco 9. Electrix's distribution is from ... A. Spain (B>| Venezuela C. Madrid K

1

98


10. Where would an office intercom system be manufactured? A. Spain ^ K ) Venezuela C. Madrid 11. Up to date software is designed by ... A. Telecor B. Softcomp C. Span Electrix 12. JElectrix's headquarter is in ... New York B. Rabat C. Venezuela IRC„ Information Retrieval Corporation, is a multinational computer manufacturer based in Australia and Indonesia. The main office is in Brisbane, Australia, with our offices in Kuchino, Malaysia, Bonn, Germany, Pusan, South Korea, Tokyo, Japan, and in Atlanta, Georgia in the U.S. IRC is one of the fastest growing computer companies in the world. It is a leader in the field of laptop computers. It also enjoys a considerable market for it software products, which are serviced by a battery of customer service representative in every major country. With manufacturing plants in Seoul, Himmelstadt and Topeka, it is planning on expanding manufacturing capacity of the next three years. Of its 15.000 employees worldwide, 6000 are technical staff, 2000 software, 2500 adrninistration and 4500 sales and marketing. 1. I R C i s . . . (A} computer manufacturer B. Multinational manufacturer C. both A and B are correct 2. Where does IRC build its computers? A. Seoul B. Pusan 3. These are IRC offices e x c e p t . . . A. Kuchino B. Penang 4. What area uses the least manpower? A. manufacturing B. software 5. What is IRC planning for next three years? A. hiring more employees B. finding new market expanding manufacturing

C, Bonn C. Pusan C. marketing

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6. If IRC had 2.500 employees for sales, there would be marketing employees. A. 3.000 B. 2.500 ^C)2.000 7. It is known about IRC except... A. the fastest growing computer company B. multinational computer manufacturer C. its headquarter is in Brisbane, Australia 8. IRC's manufacturing plants are in these places except... A. Himmelstadt jg^Topeka ^ C j Brisbane (Source: Adapted from Oxford Practice Test For The TOEIC Test, 2011)

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NOTES


UNIT 12

PASSIVE VOICE

VOCABULARY Seseorang yang sangat istimewa. Apple of (one's) eye Around the clock 24 jam All bark and no bite Tong kosong berbunyi nyaring Against the clock Berpacu dengan waktu Act o God Bencana alam Across the board Berlaku untuk semua/ tak terkecuali Beauty is only skin deep Kecantikan terbatas pada penampilan saja Better safe than sorry Lebih baik berhati-hati daripada menyesal Don't cry over spilt milk Jangan menyesali yang sudah terjadi. Don't judge a book by the Jangan mengliakimi penampilan cover seseorang Don't sweat the small stuff Jangan meributkan hal-hal sepele Lend a hand Membantu Jack of all trades Dapat melakukan banyak pekerjaan Take for granted Menerima apa adanya That makes two of us Sepakat Talking to a brick wall Orang yang tidak mau mendengarkan. When in Rome, do as the Menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan Romans do Where there's a will, there's a Dimana ada kemauan disitu ada jalan way Ada kabar terbaru apa? What's cooking? You can lead a horse to Anda bisa mempengaruhi seseorang tidak bisa memaksanya water, but you can't make it tetapi melakukan sesuatu. drink Diselamatkan pada saat yang tepat Saved by the bell 103


Fill in the blank with the appropriate idiom. Choose the idioms from the box. 1. He gave me a help last week. He .... 2. He is a good husband and can do everything. He's just like ... 3. You didn't pass the exam, you know the reason so .... 4. My little girl is very cute. She is ... The whole family loves her. 5. Don't talk to Jack, he wouldn't listen to you. You ... 6. Hi..! I missed something? 7. You can do if you want to. It is just like if 8. Circle K is never closed. It is opened .... 9. You can ask him but he will decide what he will do. You .... 10.1 accept him as my husband .... With all his positive and negative behavior. PASIVE VOICE Penggunaan: Kalimat pasif digunakan: • Untuk mengataka apa yang terjadi pada Subjek. Contoh: This museum is quite old. It is built in 1840. (musium ini dibangun pada tahuni 840) •

Ketika siapa atau apa yang menyebabkan tindakan tidak diketahui atau tidak terlalu penting. Contoh: This room is cleaned every day. (= Ruangan ini dibersihkan; tanpa harus tahu siapa yang membersihkan) • Kita mau mengatakan apa atau siapa yang menyebabkan tindakan tersebut. This Hospital is built by Florence Nightingale, (dibangun oleh Florence Nightingale) People are served by police officer professionally, (dilayani oleh petugas polisi) Note: Pembentukan kalimat pasif dari kalimat aktif yaitu dengan meletakkan Objek kalimat aktif menjadi Subjek pada kalimat pasif. 104


Subjek kalimat aktif menjadi Objek pada kalaimat pasif. To be dan kata kerja bentuk ketiga /Past Participle ditambahkan sesudah Subjek pada kalimat pasif. Bentuk: Passive sentence She is helped (bv them) to cross the road. Thev are helped (bv her} to cross She helps them to cross the road. the road. They helped het to cross the road. She was helped (by them) to cross the road. She helped them to cross the road. Thev were helped (bv her) to cross the road. They have helped het to cross the road She has been helped (bv them) to cross the road. She has helped them to cross the Thev have been helped (bv her) to cross the road. road. Active sentence They help her to cross the road.

Speaking. Study the following conversation. Work in pairs. Student A : 'Some watches were taken by the thief/ Student B : T)id the police come and see you?' Student A : T e s , they did. I was interviewed by the police.' Student B : 'They know who did i t ' Student A : 'Well, amazingly some fingerprints were found and the burglar was identified. A man has been arrested.', „ Student B :'Wonderful/ Student A : 'There's only one problem. The watches haven't been found yet/

105


Make your own story.

Reading and Writing. Read and rewrite the reading into passive. My Big Day We have celebrated my graduation. Last night, my mother gave me a nice necklace. My brother hugged me. We ate steak and 106


french-fries. Father drank coffee and mother drank lemonade. Last year, we celebrated my brother's graduation. My father gave him a motorcycle. My father has bought me a car. I drive my new car every Saturday. My father teaches me to drive a car.

Match the theme to the reading below. A. Over confidence makes arrogant. *t B. Anger can't solve the problem. Be calm and think clearly. % C. It's easy to despise what you cannot have. 4* D. No matter how weak and small a creature is, he may be of help if time comes. ^fe B. It is best to prepare for the days of necessity, 'm F. Money can't buy happiness. ifc G. Word that is thrown can be pulled it back. % H. Don't lose your heart, make a lot of effort until success.

1. My father is a businessman. 2. There once was a littie boy ]p He works hard all day. u who had a bad temper. His father asked him to Today he is in London, hammer a nail into the back yesterday he was in Paris of the fence. He discovered and tomorrow he will be in 1

107


Africa. He is so busy. My mum is a busy housewife too. Today he shops with her friends in Madrid. Yesterday she was in Singapore to have a big sale. I just at a big house with my nanny. I don't have a 'home'.

it was easier to hold his temper than to drive those nails into the fence. "You have done well, my son, but look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. There is scar in the fence and there a wound leaves in the heart.

3. On one fine summer's day 4. A CROW perishing with thirst saw a pitcher, and in a field a Grasshopper g was hopping about in a & hoping to find-water, flew musical mood. An ant i J to it with delight When he reached it, he discovered to passed by bearing along his grief that it contained so with great toil an ear of littie water that he could corn he was taking to the not possibly get at it. He nest. The ant was storing tried everything he could for food for winter but think of to reach the water, Grasshopper didn't do the but all his efforts were in same. When winter came, vain. At last he collected as the Grasshopper found many stones as he could itself dying of hunger. carry and dropped them one by one with his beak into the pitcher, until he brought the water within his reach and thus saved his life. 5. The Hare was once ^ boasting about his speed to the Tortoise and challenge to race. The Tortoise agreed to have the race. The Hare darted almost out 108

6. Once, a cap seller passing through a jungle. He was very tired and needed a rest. He fell asleep for an hour. When he woke up, he found that his caps were


of sight at once, but soon stopped and, to show his contempt for the tortoise, lay down to have a nap. The tortoise plodded on and on, and when me Hare awoke from his nap, he saw the Tortoise nearing the finish line, and he could not catch up.

stolen by monkeys. He began angry and the monkeys imitated him. Until he realized then he took off his own cap and threw it down. The monkeys imitated him. Quickly, he collected all his caps and ran away.

Or

7.

One day a Fox wanted to 8. Once a littie mouse was eat the grape that hung in a caught by the Lion because tree. "How juice they look. the Mouse stepped on the ^ Oh I am sure these are stuff . Lion's nose. The Mouse ^- that melts in the mouth J/ begged for free and when you have them. If promised to pay it back. only I could reach them". Until one day the Mouse But he can't reach the saved the Lion from the grapes. Giving up finally, he hunter's net trap. The net is looked up in contempt and bitten by the mouse and set said as he walked away, the Lion free. "Those grapes surely must be sour. I wouldn't eat them even if they were served to me on a golden dish."

Exercises Active and passive Example: (Present perfect: send / our luggage / to London) Bad news about our luggage. It has been sent to London. 1. (Past simple: Jeanny / win / the quiz competition) Did you hear about the quiz competition? It 109


2. (Past simple: Mrs Brown / do / a parachute jump / last week) You know Mrs Miles? A parachute jump 3. (Present perfect: a bull / attack / Louis) Have you heard about Louis? He 4. (Present continuous: My parent/ build / the house) My parents have bought a house. It 5. (Present simple: Antony / like / Jessica) Did I tell you about Jessica? She 6. (Present perfect: throw away / your stamp collection) Bad news about your stamp collection. It 7. (Present perfect: A bad man / kidnap / George) Did I mention George? He 8. (Past simple: five people / see / the ghost) Did you hear about the ghost? It

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DAFT AR PUSTAKA Azar, Betty Schrampfer, Fundamental of English Grammar, USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1999. Oxford University Press, Oxford Practice Test For The TOEIC Test, New York: Oxford University Press, 2011 Oxford University Press, Oxford Practice Grammarwith answers John Eastwood, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. McCarthy, Michael, English Vocabulary In Use, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Murphy, Raymond, English Grammar In Use, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Teschner, Richard V., Analysing the Grammar of English, Washington D C : Georgetown University Press, 2007. http://www.mes-english.com/flashcards/dailyroutines.php http: / /www.mes-english.com/worksheets/comicstripmaker.php http://www, spellingcity.com/wiwiksdn/

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