P A N T H E O N, Volume 8 No. 2 Authors, Title of the Articles, Abstracts, Keywords and Contact Addresses
Author Pospíšil, V. Ctirad (Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic) Title of the Article Evoluční teorie vzniku lidstva v české odborné literatuře let 1845–1915 se zvláštním zřetelem k náboženství (pp. 3-31) Evolutionary Theory of Humankind in the Czech Academic Literature with Special Reference to Religion in the years 1845–1915 Abstract The aim of this study is to present important historical findings concerning the attitudes of Czech scholarly and cultural community in the Czech lands in the years 1850–1915 towards the theory of evolution preferably in relation to religion. In the context of this survey the basic goal is to refute many unfounded and ideologically grounded pre-understandings still dominant in the Czech environment. From the many notable findings it is important to highlight the existence of the so-called midstream defined against not only atheism, but also against clerical theology and reconciling evolutionary origin of humankind with Christian faith with the help of Mivart’s or Braun’s propositions. The prevalent preferences of the Czech natural scientists for mechanistic conception of evolution and for atheistic position are not clearly manifest until the first two decades of the 20th century. Since the mid-1 920s, Catholic theology more clearly inclined towards Mivart’s proposition and accepted the evolutionary emergence of Man, but not in its mechanistic interpretation. The position is, of course with some oscillation of exceptions, constant to this day. Keywords Dějiny vědy, dějiny české přírodní vědy, darwinismus, antropologie, filosofie vědy, náboženství, filosofie náboženství, teologie Contact address Prof. Ctirad V. Pospíšil Katedra systematické teologie Cyrilometodějská teologická fakulta Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Univerzitní 244/22 771 11 Olomouc Česká republika E-mail:
[email protected] -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Author Zbíral, David (Masaryk University, Czech Republic) Title of the Article Hédonistické křesťanství, sexuální morálka a vyjednávání o identitě: Případ Grazidy Lizierové (1320) (pp. 32-45) Hedonistic Christianity, Sexual Morals and the Negotiation of Identity: The Case of Grazida Lizier (1320) Abstract This article is a case study of sexual morals and identity construction in 14th century Europe based on the trial records of Grazida Lizier, extant in the register of Jacques Fournier, Bishop of Pamiers. Grazida’s worldview is Christian but hedonistic, and is not based on the concept of sin but on the concept of pleasure. Sexual intercourse that pleases both partners cannot really displease God; indeed, such intercourse cannot be sinful. I try to show that this view is not a haphazard excuse for Grazida’s extramarital relationship with the priest Peter Clergue, but an organic part of her wider system of beliefs. Later, I argue that even if Grazida finally admitted to having taken this view from Peter, it was by no means something alien to, or superficial in her thinking, and I track such a claim back to a unilateral model of interaction where dominant actors are considered to be the producers and subordinate actors the consumers of cultural resources. I question this model, and strive to demonstrate that Grazida was not a mere object of other people’s strategies but claimed her own space for agency. Keywords Grazida Lizierová, sexuální morálka, hédonismus, sexualita, identita, religiozita, kulturní zdroje, prostor k jednání, inkvizice, inkviziční registr Jakuba Fourniera Contact address Doc. PhDr. David Zbíral, Ph.D. Ústav religionistiky Filozofická fakulta Masarykova univerzita Arna Nováka 1 602 00 Brno Česká republika E-mail:
[email protected] -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Author Klapetek, Martin (University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice) Title of the Article Synagoga, kostel, mešita…Architektura jako téma pro religionistiku (pp. 46-61) Synagogue, Church, Mosque… Architecture as a Topic for the Study of Religions Abstract Sacral architecture is an interesting research area for religion studies and can be studied from many aspects. Specific functions of sacral architecture possibly change in time. They may tend to preserve conservative traditions or to express the movements in society. We can also analyse differences between sacral and secular architecture and their origin, especially of primarily non-
functional ones. Important information on the architect and the contractor of the building can be derived from discussions of choices of execution of the building, its location, as well as its interior decoration. Sacral buildings have significantly influenced public space, often becoming centres of movements transforming European societies and this role still remains but changes in relation to the understanding of public spaces of European communities. Sacral architecture shows the inner transformations and tendencies in particular religious communities as well. Comparison of studies of normative and of living forms of religion can be used, however we must keep in mind that the approach and methods of the study of religions do not describe the situation completely as there is an important role played also by those parts of European societies that characterize themselves primarily non-religiously. Keywords Sakrální architektura, náboženské společenství, mešita, synagoga, kostel, hřbitov, funkce architektury Contact Address Martin Klapetek, Ph.D. Katedra filosofie a religionistiky Teologická fakulta Jihočeské univerzity v Českých Budějovicích Kněžská 8 370 01 České Budějovice Česká republika E-mail:
[email protected] -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Author Horáková, Jana (University of Ostrava, Czech Republic) Title of the Article Anonymní dopis proti filosofii, MS OPP. 585 (pp. 62-93) Anonymous Letter against Philosophy, MS OPP. 585 Abstract This article presents the first translation of the so-called anonymous letter against philosophy, a Hebrew manuscript from the 15th century probably written in Prague or in Lesser Poland. Before the actual translation is offered, there is a short study about the manuscript and the letter placing them into their historical and intellectual contexts. The study also discusses problems of linguistic analysis and the analysis of sources which contributes to a better understanding of the author, of his letter and most importantly of his arguments, which present a significant contribution to the discussion about philosophy within Judaism. Although the letter was written more than one century after the Maimonidean controversies, the arguments can be interpreted as a part of the so-called anti-philosophical camp of the controversies. The letter itself is also often marked as an “anti-philosophical” but as will become evident from the analysis of the language and the sources of the letter, the author himself comes from philosophical environment. Due to this fact, his arguments are philosophical, although they are in some aspects meant against philosophy however, it is important to say, not in a destructive way, the author just subordinates philosophy to Judaism in all cases, where philosophy seems to jeopardize basic principles and teachings of Judaism. Therefore, the anonymous letter against philosophy is an important
document deserving attention of scholars interested in Jewish philosophy or in Medieval philosophy. Keywords středověký judaismus, Maimonides, dopis proti filosofii Contact Address Mgr. et Mgr. Jana Horáková Katedra filozofie FF, Ostravská univerzita v Ostravě Reální 5 701 03 Ostrava Česká republika E-mail:
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Author Děkanovská, Kateřina (Hus Institute of Theology, Prague, Czech Republic) Title of the Article Vlivy mezináboženského dialogu na postoje muslimů k jiným náboženstvím (pp. 94-112) Effects of Interreligious Dialogue on Attitudes of Muslims to Other Religions Abstract The article deals with a research done in 2012 among Muslims living in Europe who are engaged in a dialogue with Christians and other religious communities. The author begins by describing the levels of interreligious dialogue and its secular and spiritual forms in current European society. After introducing her methodology and the research hypothesis, she analyses responses to individual questions in the questionnaire and finally verifies her hypothesis, finding several factors influencing the outcome of the research and detecting certain patterns of who the participants in such a dialogue are. Keywords Mezináboženský dialog, křesťanství, islám, křesťané, muslimové, Evropa, migrace, Západ, náboženský pluralismus, sebereflexe, spiritualita Contact Address Kateřina Děkanovská, Ph.D. Husův institut teologických studií V Tišině 3 160 00 Praha 6 – Bubeneč¨ Česká republika E-mail:
[email protected] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Author Banek, Kazimierz (Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland) Title of the Article Starożytne kontakty grecko – egipskie. Historia pewnej fascynacji (pp. 113-134) Ancient Greek-Egyptian Relationship. History of a Fascination Abstract civilization, and in particular the creation and the turbulent development of its philosophical and religious thought, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the phenomenon could not come into existence in the total isolation from the environment. What arises from reading ancient texts, starting from The Iliad and The Odyssey, is that their authors realized that, and they attached particular importance to Greek-Egyptian relations. According to Herodotus, Egyptian influences took place as early as in the mythical era. They became particularly visible in the religious sphere: Melampus would bring the cult of Dionysus to Greece, the Daughters of Danaus – the ceremony of Thesmophoria, and a priestess from Thebes would found an oracle in Delphi, which later became famous. A similar opinion was presented by Aeschylus, Pindar and Euripides in their works, and in later times by Hecataeus of Abdera, DiodorusSiculus, Arrian, Clement of Alexandria and Saint Augustine. What results from various ancient accounts is that Perseus, Heracles, Io, Apis (a mythical king of Argos), Helen, Menelaus, and Orpheus travelled to Egypt. What deserves special attention is the theory which was quite popular at that time that Helen did not reach Troy at all, but all the time stayed at the royal court in Egypt. That is why the Trojans could not fulfil the demands of the Greeks to make Paris return the wife to Menelaus. In the historic times, numerous prominent philosophers and scholars would go to Egyptian priests to study. They were, among others: Thales of Miletus, Cleobulus of Lindos, Solon, Pythagoras, Hecataeus of Miletus, Herodotus, Euripides, Democritus, Eudoxus, Plato. A special role in passing certain religious and philosophical ideas was performed by colleges of pontiffs of wellknown Egyptian temples: in Heliopolis (the Temple of Re), Thebes (the Temple of Amun), Memphis (the Temple of Ptah) and Sais (the Temple of Neith). In this way, the teaching about the immortality of the soul and its transmigration through incarnations was adopted by Greece from Egypt (through Pythagoras, and perhaps also through Orpheus), in addition to astronomical knowledge (Thales, Eudoxus), philosophical (Solon, Democritus, Plato), mathematical and geometrical knowledge (Pythagoras, Eudoxos). In the Hellenistic times, one of significant effects of the process of mutual penetration of the Egyptian and Greek thought was the formation of the cult of Hermes Trismegistus and hermeticism. The major role in this issue was performed by Alexandria, particularly its intellectual centre, the Mouseion, the temple of the Muses and at the same time something in-between a contemporary university and an academy of sciences. Keywords Kultura grecka, kultura egipska, filozofia i religia, kontakty międzykulturowe Contact address Prof. Kazimerz Banek Instytut Religioznawstwa Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie ul. Grodzka 52 31-044 Kraków Polska E-mail:
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