Matrikulasi PDIA Universitas Brawijaya

Understanding human nature: understanding business and global nature

Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA Universitas Brawijaya

Is human nature ‘constructed’ or given?


Kelindanan antara “human nature” dengan pembentukan ilmu pengetahuan, adakah?

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Jensen and Meckling’s Nature of Men (1994)  The Resourceful, Evaluative, Maximizing Model (REMM)  The Economic Model (or Money Maximizing Model)  The Sociological Model (or Social Victim Model)  The Psychological Model (or Hierarchy of Needs Model)  The Political Model (or Perfect Agent Model)


Why REMM is the best (according to Jensen and Meckling?) • We argue that REMM best describes the systematically rational part of human behavior. It serves as the foundation for the agency model of financial, organizational, and governance structure of firms. • The growing body of social science research on human behavior has a common message: Whether they are politicians, managers, academics, professionals, philanthropists, or factory workers, individuals are resourceful, evaluative maximizers. Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA Universitas Brawijaya


Bagaimana pemahaman tentang “human nature” mengarahkan kita pada pemahaman atas etika bisnis [global]?

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Milton Friedman said...   The businessmen believe that they are defending free

enterprise when they declaim that business is not concerned "merely" with profit but also with promoting desirable "social" ends; that business has a "social conscience" and takes seriously its responsibilities for providing employment, eliminating discrimination, avoiding pollution and whatever else may be the catchwords of the contemporary crop of reformers. In fact they are--or would be if they or anyone else took them seriously--preaching pure and unadulterated socialism. Businessmen who talk this way are unwitting puppets of the intellectual forces that have been undermining the basis of a free society these past decades. Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA Universitas Brawijaya

The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits Milton Friedman The New York Times Magazine September 13, 1970 Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA Universitas Brawijaya


Mengapa Teori (tentang human nature) Penting?  Memangnya apa arti teori?


Empiris

Teori adalah...

Rasional

  Kalau kata Blaikie (2000:129) “Theory specifies the relationship between concepts; [while] concepts are regarded building block of social theory...connects fruitfully to the empirical world”

Pragmatis


Lebih dalam lagi...   Kalau kata Al Attas (2001:118), TEORI adalah: “Affirmation of Revelation as the source of knowledge of ultimate reality and truth pertaining both to created things as well as to their Creator [that ] provides foundation for a metaphysical framework in which to elaborate our philosophy of science as an integrated system descriptive of that reality and truth in a way which is not open to the methods of the secular philosophic rationalism and philosophic empiricism of modern philosophy and science” Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA Universitas Brawijaya

Lebih dalam lagi...   Kuntowijoyo (2006:11):  “Konstruksi pengetahuan yang memungkinkan kita untuk memahami realitas sebagaimana Al Quran memahaminya. Konstruksi pengetahuan itu dibangun oleh Al Quran pertama-tama dengan tujuan agar kita memiliki hikmah atas dasar itu dibentuk perilaku yang sejalan dengan nilai-nilai normatif Al Quran, baik pada level moral maupun pada level sosial” Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA Universitas Brawijaya

Jadi Teori menjadi SANGAT PENTING  Karena kita membangun : Nilai (etika)

Pengetahuan

Perilaku

Peradaban

berdasarkan tujuan dan asumsi fundamental tentang Tuhan, manusia dan semesta


Akuntansi tanpa pemahaman akan teori yang melandasinya akan “menyesatkan”

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 Belajar TEKNIK akuntansi tanpa belajar TEORI AKUNTANSI sama saja seperti manusia yang hanya hidup (teknik) tanpa tahu mengapa ia hidup (tujuan).  “Mati” sebelum mati


Jadi... Bagaimanakah bisnis yang etis? 

 Ari Kamayanti/EBP/Matrikulasi PDIA Universitas Brawijaya

Matrikulasi PDIA Universitas Brawijaya

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