MASARYK UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF EDUCATION Department of English Language and Literature
Male and Female Language in Translation Studies: The World According to Garp by John Irving
Diploma thesis
Brno 2008
Author: Bc. Jana Pechová
Supervisor: Mgr. Martin Němec
Bibliografický záznam PECHOVÁ, Jana.: Male and Female Language in Translation Studies: The World According to Garp by John Irving: diplomová práce. Brno : Masarykova univerzita, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra anglického jazyka a literatury, 2008. 79 l.Vedoucí diplomové práce Mgr. Martin Němec.
Anotace Diplomová práce „Klíčové kompetence učitele ZŠ“ pojednává o roli pohlaví v překladatelství. Práce je rozdělena do dvou částí, teoretická část zahrnuje a rozebírá různé teorie o roli pohlaví v překladatelství, o historii žen v překladatelství a feministické teorie na dané téma. Teorie o rozdílech v mužském a ženském jazyce jsou podloženy analýzou překladu knihy Johna Irvinga Svět Podle Garpa, kdy jedním překladatelem je Radoslav Nenadál a druhou překladatelkou já. Praktická část dále obsahuje můj překlad knihy.
Annotation Diploma thesis „Role of a man and a woman in translation“ deals with the role of gender in translation studies. The thesis is devided into two parts the theoretical part covers and discusses different theories on the role of gender in translation studies, on history of women in translation studies and feminist theories in this area. The theories on differences in women’s and men’s language are supported by the analysis of my and Radoslav Nenadál’s translation of John Irving’s book The World According to Garp. The practical part includes my translation of the book as well.
Klíčová slova Jazyk žen a mužů, překladatelství, překlad, překladatel, pohlaví v překladatelství, muž, žena, jazyk.
Keywords Men’s and women’s language, translation studies, translation, translator, gender in translation, man, woman, language.
Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci zpracovala samostatně a použila jen prameny uvedené v seznamu literatury.
V Brně dne 15. dubna 2008
Jana Pechová
Poděkování Na tomto místě bych ráda poděkovala panu Mgr. Martinu Němcovi za jeho pomoc a podporu při tvorbě této diplomové práce.
Contents
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 1. ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND THE BOOK .............................................................. 3 1.1. JOHN WINSLOW IRVING – BIOGRAPHY AND
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......... 3
1.2. PLOT SUMMARY........................................................................................................................... 5
2. TRANSLATION STUDIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ...................................... 7 3. TRANSLATION AND FEMINISM ............................................................................ 8 4. WOMAN TRANSLATORS ....................................................................................... 10 5. WOMEN’S AND MEN’S LANGUAGE ................................................................... 12 5.1 THEORIES ON THE DIFFERENCES MEN AND WOMEN USE ................................................ 12 5.1.1 SHORT HISTORY OF STUDIES OF WOMEN’S AND MEN’S LANGUAGE ........................ 12 5.1.2 DIFFERENT THEORIES ON WOMEN’S AND MEN’S LANGUAGE ................................... 13 5.2 LAKOFF’S THEORY ON WOMEN LANGUAGE AND THE ANYLYSIS OF MY AND NENADÁL’S TRANSLATION ........................................................................................................... 15
6. NENADÁL’S AND MY TRANSLATION OF THE BOOK THE WORLD ACCORDING TO GARP .............................................................................................. 25 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 766 RESUMÉ ....................................................................................................................... 777 BIOGRAPHY:............................................................................................................... 788
INTRODUCTION
What is the importance of a diploma thesis? Will anybody be interested in reading it? Is it worth writing a diploma thesis? Will it be useful to anyone? These are common questions students ask when preparing their diploma projects. In the thesis I try to answer not only above mentioned questions but when working on this project some more questions as: Does a women’s language differ from a men’s language?; Does a women reader understand better a translation done by a women translator?; … appeared to be answered as well.
This thesis is focused on answering above mentioned and even more questions. The first question can be answered immediately: yes, it is important to write a diploma thesis, despite of the fact that probably nobody will be particularly interested in reading it. Who is it important for then? The ordinary diploma thesis is not usually helpful for any scientific reasons as it is supposed to be, but on the other hand it is highly important for its author. Especially when the thesis is focused on language or translation analysis, which helps to improve a student’s level of language and to learn a lot from a professional translator and from the theory of translation studies.
As I am not a professional translator, I do not criticize Nenadál’s translation. Nenadál’s translation of John Irving’s book, The World According to Garp is used for comparison with my translation and for analysis of man’s and woman’s translation only. The book The World According to Garp was chosen for two reasons. First, it is my favourite book. The second reason is that the book is a source of slang and informal English language. And it is the slang and the informal language where the differences between man’s and woman’s language use can be found most frequently.
Eventhough the topic of the role of a man and a woman in translation studies is concerned interesting there are not many materials published. It seems that only women are interested in this topic because the only sources about this topic found are feminist theories. Eventhough I do not consider myself a feminst, the theories were interesting 1
and helpful to understand the cultural differences in translation and were useful for my thesis too. The analysis is based on Lakoff’s theory which is fucused on typical features of woman’s language.
The thesis itself is devided into two parts: the theoretical part where the John Irving’s book The World According to Garp and the author John W. Irving are introduced. The theories on women’s and men’s language and gender issue in translation studies are presented. These theories are supported by the analysis of my (woman’s) translation and Nenadál’s (man’s) translation of the book The World According to Garp. The second, practical part, presents my translation of a part of the book, chosen according to the ocurence of the language which can be translated in a different way by a woman and a man translator.
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1. ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND THE BOOK
1.1.
JOHN
WINSLOW
IRVING
–
BIOGRAPHY
AND
BIBLIOGRAPHY
John Winslow Irving was born March 2nd in 1942 in Exeter, New Hampshire. He achieved critical and popular acclaim after the international success of The World According to Garp in 1978. All of Irving's novels, such as The Cider House Rules and A Prayer for Owen Meany, have been bestsellers and many have been picturized.
Many of his stories have been set in and around Phillips Exeter Academy. Exeter, New Hampshire wher Irving grew up, the Exeter faculty appear in many of his novels. Irving was in the Exeter wrestling program under Coach Thed Seabrooke and wrestling features occure in his books as well.
Irving’s career began at the age of 26 with the publication of his first novel, Setting Free the Bears. The novel was reasonably well reviewed, but was not read much. In the late 3
1960’s, he studied with Kurt Vonnegut at the Universtity of Iowa Writer’s Workshop. His second and third novels, The Water-Method Man and The 158-Pound Marriage, were similarly received as his first book was.
When Irving published his fourth novel, The World According to Garp (1978), it became a big international bestseller and cultural phenomenon, and was a finalist for the American Book Award for hardcover fiction in 1979. The World According to Garp won the National Book Foundation’s award for paperback fiction the following year. The novel was later made into a film directed by George Roy Hill and starring Robin Williams in the title role and Glenn Close as his mother.
In 1985, Irving published The Cider House Rules, a sprawling epic centered around a Maine orphanage. Its central topic is abortion, and the novel is perhaps the most obvious example of Charles Dickens’ influence on Irving’s writing. Irving followed it in 1989 with A Prayer for Owen Meany, another New England family epic centered around themes of religiosity. Again, the main setting is a New England boarding school, and inspirations for the characters can be found in many of Irving’s influences, for example The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Owen Meany became Irving’s bestselling book since Garp, and is now a frequent feature on high school English reading lists. Arguably his most complicated and difficult book, A Son of the Circus (1995), takes many of the themes and location settings from his previous novels, it was dismissed by critics, nevertheless it became a national bestseller. Irving returned in 1998 A Widow for One Year, which was named a New York Times Notable Book.
The Fourth Hand, was published in 2001; savaged by critics, it nevertheless became a bestseller. A Sound Like Somene Trying Not to Mak a Sound, a children’s story originally included in A Widow for One Year, was published in 2004. Irving’s most recent novel, entitled Until I Find You, was released on July 12, 2005and is said to contain two specifically personal elements about his life that he has never before discussed publicly: his sexual abuse at age 11 by an older woman, and the recent entrance in his life of his biological father’s family. (Wikipedia)
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1.2. PLOT SUMMARY The story deals with the life of T. S. Garp whose mother Jenny is an independent woman ahead of the times. Jenny becomes a single, working woman, living alone. While working in the obstetrics ward at Boston Mercy, she comes to realize that, although she does not care for men, she likes babies. She meets Technical Sergeant Garp, a soldier whose wounds have severely damaged his brain. T. S. Garp can still function sexually, however, and Jenny takes advantage of this. Garp eventually ends up dying from his wounds, but Jenny becomes pregnant. After she loses her job, she moves in with her parents until the baby, a nine-pound boy, is born. She names him T. S. Garp, she never knew the soldier’s first name. Jenny raises young Garp alone, taking a position at a boys’ school.
Garp grows up, becoming interested in sex, wrestling, and writing fiction - three topics in which his mother has little interest. With his mother’s help, Garp becomes a competent student. Jenny signs Garp up for wrestling. Garp is at first hesitant, but then discovers that he loves the sport. He also becomes interested in Helen. After Helen tells him that she plans to marry a writer (“a real writer”), Garp is determined to become a writer. Jenny takes Garp to Vienna where he begins his first serious short story: “The Pension Grillparzer.” Helen reads the finished story and knows that Garp is a real writer. She agrees to marry him.
When he starts his writing career and marries the wrestling coach’s daughter his mother suddenly becomes a feminist icon after publishing a best-selling autobiography called A Sexual Suspect (referring to the general assessment of her as a woman who does not care to bind herself to a man, and who chooses to raise a child on her own). After her parents die, she uses their New Hampshire mansion as a women’s counseling center. Garp and Helen have their first child, a boy they name Duncan. Helen teaches at a university and Garp writes his first novel. Procrastination, a historical novel about Vienna during World War II, it is published when Garp is twenty-four. And he starts his love affairs.
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Walt, Garp’s and Helen’s second child, is born. Garp occupies himself with raising the family while he has writer’s block. He has an odd encounter with the mother of Duncan’s friend, Ralph. Helen begins to tire of Garp’s irritable behavior and decides to have an affair with Michael Milton, one of her graduate students. One of Milton’s exgirlfriends reveals the affair to Garp. He is furious, and he demands that Helen end it immediately. Helen, who is still in love with Garp, agrees. Garp takes the children out so that Helen can call Milton and let him know that the relationship is over. Milton comes to see Helen for the last time. They are sitting in Milton’s car parked in the driveway when Garp pulls up with his headlights off. In the car crash, Walt dies, and the rest of them are terribly injured.
Jenny nurses the physically wounded and heartbroken family back to health at the mansion at Dog Head’s Harbor. As they heal, Garp and Helen decide to have another child, and they have a daughter named Jenny. Jenny dies and soon even Helen’s father dies. Garp becomes the new wrestling coach when he and Helen decide to raise their children at Steering. At the end Garp is shot to death by Pooh Percy (now an Ellen Jamesian) inside the Steering gymnasium in front of Helen and his wrestling team. (Wikipedia)
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2. TRANSLATION STUDIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES Translation studies are not only a linguistic science but they are more a sociolinguistic science, which touches many branches of cultural studies as well.
Bassnett and Lefevre in their Essays on Literary Translation (1996) go beyond language and focus on the interaction between translation and culture, they claim that culture impacts and constrains translation. They focus on larger issues of context, history and convention. Thus, the move from translation as text to translation as culture and politics is what Mary Snell-Hornby (1990) refers to as the cultural turn. This includes studies of changing standards in translation over time. Translation, History and Culture constitutes an important collection and the begining of a decade when cultural turn has held sway in translation studies. Bassnett and Lefevre (Essays on Literary Translation, 1996) define three areas where cultural studies has influenced translation studies in the course of the 1990s : translation as rewrititng, translation and postcolonialism and translation and gender.
Many language theorists agrees that the turn from considering translation a bare linguistic science to considering it a part of culture implies adding an important dimension to translation studies. Instead of asking the traditional question (e.g.: How should we translate?, What is a correct translation?) which has preoccupied translation theorists, the emphasis is placed on a descriptive approach (provoking quiestions as: What do translations do?, How do they circulate in the world and elicit response?). This chapter can be closed with what Simon mentions in her book that, „Cultural studies bring to the translation an understanding not only of the complexities of gender and culture.“ (Sherry Simon in her Gender Translation: Cultural Identity and the Politics of Transmission, 1996)
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3. TRANSLATION AND FEMINISM
Anderman and Rogers (2001) claim that the cultural turn in translation studies prepared the terrain for an encounter with feminists. Feminism has been one of the most potent forms of cultural identity to take on linguistic and social expression over the last decades. "La liberation des femmes passe par le langage" was a familiar rallying call of the 1970s: women’s liberation must first be a liberation from language.
The consequences for translation have been various and decisive. Over the years, the critique of sexism in language has moved from a largely corrective and action-oriented attention to vocabulary to a broader examination of the symbolic power of the feminine in language. The interest of cultural studies in translation has inevitably taken translation studies away from purely linguistic analysis and brought it into contact with other disciplines. Sherry Simon in her Gender Translation: Cultural Identity and the Politics of Transmission (1996) approaches translation from a gender-studies angel. She sees language of sexism in translation studies too, with its images of dominance, fidelity, faithfulness and betrayal.
Other feminist theorists see the paralles between the status of translation, which is often considered to be derivative and inferior to original writing, and that of women, so often repressed in society and literature. This is the core of feminist translation theory, which seeks to „identify and critique the tangele of concepts which relegates both women and translation to the bottom of the social and literary ladder.“ Sherry Simon, Gender Translation: Cultural Identity and the Politics of Transmission (1996) „For feminist translation, fidelity is to be direct toward neither the author nor the reader, but toward the writing project – project in which both writer and translator participate.“ (Simon 1996:2) „My translation practice is a political activity aimed at making language speak for women. So my signature on a translation means:this translation has used every translation strategy to make the femine visible in language.“ (de Lotbiniére-Harwood, cited in Simon, 1996)
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Anderman and Rogers (2001) also poited out that the alliance between translation studies and feminism therefore emerged out of a common intellectual and institutional context. As fields of inquiry which emerged during the 1970s and gained increasing institutional recognition through the 1980s, translation studies and feminist thought are similarly grounded in the dynamics of a period which gave strong prominence to language. Translation studies have been impelled by many of the concerns central to feminism: the distrust of traditional hierarchies and gendered roles, deep suspicion of rules defining fidelity, and the questioning of universal standards of meaning and value. Both feminism and translation are concerned tools for a critical understanding of difference as it is represented in language. For these fields of study, language intervenes actively in the creation of meaning. Like other forms of representation, language does not simply “mirror” reality; it contributes to it. Translation, we know, refers to a process of interlinguistic transfer. Translators communicate, re-write, manipulate a text in order to make it available to a second language public. Thus they can use language as cultural intervention, as part of an effort to alter expressions of domination, whether at the level of concepts, of syntax or of terminology.
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4. WOMAN TRANSLATORS Simon (1996) observes that the translation was the means through which women, beginning in the European Middle Ages, particularly, were able to gain access to the world of literature. Long excluded from the privileges of authorship, women turned to translation as a permissible form of public expression. For example George Eliot was first known as the "translatress of Strauss," before she was known as a novelist. Translation continued to serve as a kind of writer’s apprenticeship for women into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In addition, translation was an important part of the social movements in which women participated, such as the fight against slavery. Firstwave feminism was closely associated with the movement against slavery. Women have translated in order to build communication networks in the service of progressive political agendas and in the creative renewal of literary traditions. The great works of nineteenth and twentieth century French, Russian and German modernism were translated in part by women who made translation as an expression of their political convictions. They believed, as Madame de Staël had so clearly stated, that movements of literary exchange are vital to the democratic life of any nation. Among the case studies are summaries of the key literary translation work carried out by women in the first half of the twentieth century. Simon points out that the great classics of Russian literature were initially made available in English in translations produce mainly by one woman, Constance Garnett. Her sixty volumes of translation include almost the entire work of Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostojevsky, Chekov and Gogol. Similarly, key works of literature in German were translated by women translators: Jean Starr Untermeyer, Willa Muier, Helen Lowe-Porter. The important role played by women translators up to the present is emphasized by Simon’s reference to the feminist Suzane Jill Levine, the translator fo Guillermo Cabrera. In contrast to the self-effacing work of some of the earlier translators mentioned above, Levine collaborated closely with Infante in creating a „new“ work. From the feminist perspective, however, it is not only Levine’s self confidence but also her awareness of a certain woman betrayal – translate in a male discourse that speaks of the woman betrayed – that fascinates Simon. These moments show to what extent the role of the translator meshes with social values, and how positions in the social hierarchy are reflected in the literary field. 10
In what ways have women interpreted their role as translators? Feelings of aggressive rivalry or affectionate fusion have often been evoked to describe the closeness which translators feel for the texts they are working on. These feelings can be exacerbated when differences of gender are also involved. While some feminist translators have suggested that they might best deal with the discomforts of a negative legacy by ensuring that women’s texts are translated only by women translators, men’s by men, this solution could not be a long-term and successful one. As Lori Chamberlain argues, „One of the challenges for feminist translators is to move beyond questions of the sex of the author and translator. Working within the conventional hierarchies…the female translator of a female author’s text and the male translator of a male author’s text will be bound by the same power relations: what must be subverted is the process by which translation complies with gender constructs.“ (Chamberlain 1992) For examplhe Aphra Behn and Barbara Godard both use prefaces to draw attention to their identity as women translators, the import of that identity is vastly different in each case. While Behn points to her gender to apologize for her lack of a classical education and her ignorance in scientific matters, Barbara Godard emphasizes the ways in which her understanding of the creative project of the author animates her own work. But I think there is no need to emphasize author’s identity either as a man nor as a woman, because their gender can be recognized from the language they use in the writing. There is only a question if a reader is more likely to prefer (without knowing the gender of the translator) a translation written by a translater of the same gender.
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5. WOMEN’S AND MEN’S LANGUAGE Simon (1996) writes that during the last few decades, rigid role patterns have changed and as a result gender notions have changed as well. Men and women are increasingly becoming each other’s equals in all areas. This implies that, in Western society, the concept of masculinity no longer exclusively brings to mind the image of tough men who work all day and leave the upbringing of their children to their wives; it can now also be associated with men who take care of children and do domestic chores. Men are encouraged to open up and share their feelings, whereas this was quite unusual in the past. Women can now work in almost every profession they aspire to, and they can continue to work after having children without being regarded as bad mothers. As language helps people to create their identity and their gender, it makes sense to assume that when people’s ideas of masculinity and femininity change, their language changes as well.
5.1 THEORIES ON THE DIFFERENCES MEN AND WOMEN USE
5.1.1 SHORT HISTORY OF STUDIES OF WOMEN’S AND MEN’S LANGUAGE
Irene van Baalen (2001) observes that since as early as 1582, it has been assumed that women speak substantially differently than men do, but no systematic studies of those presumed differences were done until the 1880s These later studies were concerned mainly with vocabulary and conversation topics, or with languages other than English. It was not until the early 1970s, in the works of such researchers as Robin Lakoff, Anne Bodine, Ruth Brend, and Nancy Conklin, that the idea of a “Women’s American English” was seriously investigated.
The primary stimulus for the first studies was the Women’s Liberation Movement, with the result that some studies are characterized more by politics than scholarship. Lakoff’s 12
“You Are What You Say,” (Lakoff, 1975) for instance, claims that there is a women’s language, but does not offer concrete evidence to support her claims. And the question of whether there is indeed a women’s language remains unresolved. Many writers, Lakoff and Kramer, for example, insist that there is a women’s language, despite the conflicting or unavailable evidence. Others, such as Key, assume that women show preference for certain linguistic forms (Key, “Male/Female”), or, as does O’Barr, conclude that the evidence is insufficient.
As an apparent response to the impetus of the women’s liberation movement and the development of sociolinguistics in general, the more recent studies of the presumed Women’s English have been largely empirical. Nearly every facet of women's language has been studied, syntax, vocabulary, pronunciation and intonation have been treated most thoroughly.
Recent work in Sociolinguistics has focused upon the variations in the conversational styles of men and women as well, and has tried to find reasons for these variations and it is claimed that some vocabulary, for example: (A word like "gorgeous", for example is three times as likely to be used by a female speaker as by a male (men use it only to talk about women, not for example about clothes, furniture, or food), while the expression “ever so nice”is used most typically by women over 45, and hardly ever by men of any age.), syntax, intonation,… items are gender dependent.
5.1.2 DIFFERENT THEORIES ON WOMEN’S AND MEN’S LANGUAGE Although the difference in language between men and women has been widely discussed, most of the literature on the subject concentrates on two main theories:
Dominance approach (supported by Lakoff 1975; Fishman 1983), which claims that the difference in language between men and women is a consequence of male dominance and female subordination. In this view, women are a suppressed minority group.
Difference approach (Coates 1986; Tannen 1990) supporters of this approach on the other hand, believe that men and women belong to different subcultures and that any linguistic differences can be attributed to cultural differences. 13
For this work is not relevant how women and men are seen, neither as majority and minority or different subcultures, therefore only the theories on the language differences will be concerned.
Theories on varieties in women’s and men’s language:
Roger Shuy (1978) found that women are less likely to use syntactic features which are indicators of lower status: multiple negation, pronominal apposition, plurals, nonstandard third person singular verb inflections, and possessives. Marjorie Goodwin found that “the syntactic forms utilized by boys [in certain directive-response tasks] always differentiate speaker and hearer”. That is, girls use inclusive plural pronouns (we, us, our), but boys use exclusives (I, you, me). One study has been done on the use of possessives. It indicated that low and middle class boys, both black and white, use possessives more frequently than do their female peers. Obviously, there is some evidence that women prefer certain syntactic forms. Another syntactic feature frequently attributed to Women's English is the question form used with a declarative function (Lakoff, “Women’s Language”). Fishman says, for instance, that “women ask questions nearly three times as often as men”. Robin Lakoff asserts that women use tag-questions far more than men do. On the contrary Bernstein (1962), nor Bauman (1976) support Fishman. In fact, the former showed that working class boys used them more frequently than did girls. Lakoff also says women use more modals. She contends that modals can be used to express hesitancy, “and hence it would not be surprising if we found them prevalent in the speech of people who were unwilling to take a strong public stand, among whom . . . women may be expected to predominate” (Lakoff, R., “Women’s Language”). Furthermore, she posits that women use more “hedge words,” such as I think , kind of and sort of. A similar conclusion, though based on stronger evidence, must be drawn in regard to vocabulary. Haas presents some evidence that girls use more adjectives than boys do. Key (1975) asserts that women “tended to use reduplicated forms . . . , words which emphasized femininity . . . and more emphatic forms . . .”. Similarly, Lakoff says women use "adjectives that seem devoid of all but a vague positive emotive sense: 14
divine, gorgeous , etc." (Lakoff, R.,“Women’s Language,”) and Kramer says women not only use such words, but use them in contexts and in frequencies that are different from men. Neither Key, Lakoff, nor Kramer presents any evidence to support her contention. On the other hand, Gilley and Summers show that women use hostile verbs, such as stabbed and murdered only 90% as often as men do. Bailey provides substantial evidence that women use strong expletives only 61% as often as men. According to Fishman (1965), there are many of attention-getting devices women use much more often than men do. These are the question format (“d'y know what?”), introductory remarks (“this is interesting.”), and “you know.” This last occurs ten times more frequently in women’s speech than in men’s. Fishman concludes that all these devices occur because women have more difficulty getting a conversation to succeed.
5.2 LAKOFF’S THEORY ON WOMEN LANGUAGE AND THE ANYLYSIS OF MY AND NENADÁL’S TRANSLATION
From above mentioned one can see many theories vere discussed and eventhough I do not agree with Lakoff’s dominance approach, his thories on women’s and men’s language are the most resonable and adecvate for this work. According to Lakoff (1975) style is marked by the use of certain linguistic features such as hedging devices, tag questions, intensifiers and qualifiers, so-called “trivial lexis”, “empty” adjectives and rising intonation on declaratives. The link between these markers is their alleged common function in communication: they weaken or mitigate the force of an utterance. Lakoff’s characterisation of language suits the rigid role patterns that existed decades ago. Lakoff identified ten elements of language that women use. Of course, not all women use all of this language all of the time and only some of them can be found in my translation.
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Ten elements of language that women use: (Lakoff, “Women’s Language,”1975):
1. Hedging It is proved, that women use hedges much more often than men. Hedging provides a way out, should disagreement occur, qualifying statements with non-absolute language, such as 'sort of', 'I guess', etc.
Well, I sort of looked at him, and then he kind of looked back. Then I guess I kept looking.
2. Politeness Politeness is taken to more extreme forms, either putting the speaker in an inferior position or seeking to be thoughtful and non-threatening towards the other person. (Super) polite forms e.g. would you please...I'd really appreciate it if:..,
Do excuse me, but I really appreciate it if if you could take a little time to help me.
3. Tag questions Tag questions added to the end of a statement do not change the statement, although they do seek agreement.
You would do that, wouldn't you?
4. Emotional emphasis The emotional content of sentences are increased through the use of intonation that emphasizes and exaggerates emotional and ephasizing adverbs (very, so, really,…)
You are so very kind. I really want you to know I am so grateful.
Original: So Garp said it to her, it read, he was relieved to her, beautifully.
My translation: A tak jí Garp četl. S úlevou zjišťoval, že se to čte moc krásně. 16
Nenadál’s translation: Takže to svedl Garp a s úlevou zjistil, že se text čte nádherně. Eventhough Nenadál used the adjective nádherně which is probably stronger than krásně, I used the emphasizing adverb moc.
5. Empty adjectives Adjectives are applied to soften and add friendly elements to the sentence, although they are do not add any particularly meaningful content. Empty adjectives, e.g. charming, sweet, adorable;
What a charming and sweet young man you are!
6. Correct grammar and pronunciation Care is taken to be absolutely correct with language and speech. Colloquialisms and slang are used far less than men.
I would be very appreciative if you could show me the way.
Original: …, and then losing himself in it.
My translation: … a pak se v něm ztrácí.
Nenadál’s translation: … - a úpně byl ztracen.
In this case I think I was more careful about the sentence structure because Nenadál’s sentence has not very clear syntax.
Original „God!“ called the External, being very gentle with the d, his tongue had been burned, too.
My translation: „Kristepane!“ křičel Povrchový a velmi opatrně vyslovoval t, poněvadž i jazyk měl spálený. 17
Nenadál’s translation: „Bože!“ vykřikl Povrchový, velmi opatrně s B, protože jazyk měl také popálený. In this case I think Nenadál was not as accurate as needed because when pronuncing B one do not use a tongue.
Original: … Ernie had indulged her with a speculative fable he no doubt liked to imagine himself …
My translation: …, Erinie ji konejšil nevěrohodnou pohádkou, které by bezpochyby sám rád věřil …
Nenadál’s translation: , … Ernie ji konejšil takovou koumavou bajkou, v níž se ve své fantazii bezpochyby také vyžíval …
The story which is called bajka usualy tells about animals and contains a moral in the end, therefore pohádka is more appropriate here.
7. Lack of humor Humor is not used very much and jokes are very seldom told. Sometimes it is also said that women lack a sense of humor, what I do not agree with, in my oppinion women have different sense of humor, which on the other hand men do not understand.
8. Direct quotations The words that people said are often quoted, even quoting people who quote other people. Direct quotations, e.g. "Hannah said that he said...";
Then she said that he said, "I won't do it." So I said, "Why not?"
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9. Extended vocabulary Rather than simple language, vocabulary is extended to use descriptive language. Thus, for example a precise language is used to describe colours. Special vocabulary, e.g. specialised colour terms like ‘Dove grey’;
The walls should be cerise, with a royal blue tracer.
Original: … there on the crimson mats of the Steering School, …
My translation: A tady na krvavě rudých matracích steeringské školy …
Nenadál’s translation: … na těch žíněnkách cihlové barvy …
Eventhough it is more typical for a womens language Nenadál uses the specification of the colour too, but it can be seen that in my translation it is even more specific.
10. Declarations with interrogative intonation Statements are made, but using the intonation used for questions, rising at the end of the statement.
That sounds like a good thing to do?
19
For the analysis some more categories which Lakoff did not mentioned can be added and it is vulgarity: eventhough it is proved that women tend to use softer language, even in case of vulgar exprssions we have to consider the time the work was translated. Nittlová says: „Vulgarismy patří mezi slova tabuovaná, záleží ovšem na době a společnosti, co je kdy považováno za dovolené a co za zakázané. S tímto aspektem je nutno přistupovat k překladu literárních děl. Konotace vulgárnosti a tabuovanosti je rovněž nestálá, proto je při překladu i při jeho analýze a hodnocení nutno přihlížet k značně širokému kontextu jazykovému i mimojazykovému a respektovat pragmatický aspekt.“ (Knittlová, K teorii překladu, 2003)
Original: „Fucking writers,“ Helen mumbled.
My translation: „Podělaný spisovatelé,“ mumlala Helen.
Nenadál’s translation: „Zkurvený spisovatelé,“ zavrčela Hlen.
Eventhough in both translation there are not many differences in vulgarisms, in this case I think zkurvený sounds too strong.
Original: „A goddamn soldier, I knew it!“ her father said.
My translation: „Kristepane voják! Já to věděl!“ šílel otec.
Nenadál’s translation: „Zatracenej vojel, já to věděl!“ vybuchl otec.
In this example Nenadál uses the slang vojel which was unknown to me as a woman.
20
The next feature of women’s language is lack of technical education, that means women do not have as broad technical vocabulary stock as men.
Original: A small, neat man, the former ball turret gunner …
My translation: … pěkný, malý, uhlazený muž; bývalý střelec …
Nenadál’s translation: Drobný čistotný mužíček, bývalý střelec v kulovité věži.
Nenadál as a man has closer to the education in the field of army translated the ball turret gunner in a better and more appropriate way.
Original: … by suckling the baby ball turret gunner.
My translation: …, jak jí střelec saje z prsů.
Nenadál’s translation: …, když by věžního střelce Garpa jen kojila.
Original: „Technical Sergeant Garp,“ said Jenny Fields.
My translation: „Technický seržant Garp,“ odpověděla Jenny Fieldsová.
Nenadál’s translation: „Technik seržant Garp,“ odpověděla Jenny Fieldsová.
Nenadál is right that probably any profession like technický seržant does not exist.
21
The last element which is to be considered in translation is the generation gap. Eventhough my translation differes from Nenadál’s in the way woman’s language differes from man’s, my translation differes in the language used by different generation. Nenadál translated the book in the 1960s and I was born in 1980s therefore some generation gap is noticeable too.
Original: At first he thought it was the popcorn.
My translation: Nejřív si myslel, že je to tím popcornem.
Nenadál’s translation: Garp si nejdřív myslel, že to dělá pražená kukuřice.
Nowadays popcorn is commonly used in the czech language and pražená kukuřice would sound archaic.
Original: …, and she wore it as visibly as a too-tight sweater on her compact body.
My translation: …, která byla tak viditelná jako příliš těsný svetr na jejím pěkném těle.
Nenadál’s translation: … a nosila ji tak viditelně jako příliš těsný svetr na svém dobře zbudovaném těle.
The expression pěkném těle is more understandable than the expression dobře zbudovaném těle.
Original: „You have a lovely voice, Alice,“ he told her,…
My translation: „Máš krásný hlas, Alice,“ řekl jí, …
Nenadál’s translation: „Mluvíš skvostným hlasem, Alice,“ řekl jí, …
22
To a nowadays readear Nenadál’s translation could sound strange.
Original: „I’m fine,“ Garp said.
My translation: „Já jsem v pohodě,“ odpověděl Garp.
Nenadál’s translation: „Se mnou je to v pořádku,“ odpověděl Garp Heleně.
The book was written in an informal language therefore it can be translated in more colloquial language too.
Original: …, was working on her like Novocain.
My translaion: …, na ni působila jako Rohypnol.
Nenadál’s translation: …, na ni začala účinkovat jako novokain.
After a consultation with a medicament specialist I decided to use Rohypnol because novokain is reraly used nowadys and all the readers would know what Rohypnol works on.
In general, then, there is some evidence that the vocabularies of men and women differ to some extent (men’s words tend to be stronger and more empirical, men choose different words, women and men use different syntax structures). And for example in Japanese men and women use different grammar too. Eventhough nobody has proved that the gender dependent language really exists, I strongly believe such a variation of the language can be found in all the languages. That means that such differences can be found not only in spoken language, but in translation too, because using different language means that women and men understand the language in different ways. And from above mentioned it can be seen that even in a short piece of translation many
23
differences between women’s and men’s translations can be found. Nevertheles, there is also a feature of a generation gap which is of a high importance too.
24
6. NENADÁL’S AND MY TRANSLATION OF THE BOOK THE WORLD ACCORDING TO GARP
Chapter 3
Kapitola 3
p. 78
str. 78
[…]
[…]
Jenny and the coach were the only standing V zápasnické tělocvičně stáli jenom Jenny bodies left in the wrestling room. Jenny a trenér. Jenny si všimla, že trenér byl observed that the coach was neat, small upravený, pěkně stavěný a malý muž. Také man, as compact as a spring, she also si všimla, že byl skoro slepý. Zrovna šilhal observed he was nearly blind, because the jejím směrem poznávaje, že její bílá ženská coach now squinted in her direction, postava byla v tělocvičně tak nějak cizí. recognizing that her whiteness and her Začal šmátrat po brýlích, které si schovával shape were foreign to the wrestling room. nad stěnovými matracemi v úrovni hlavy. He began to grope for his glasses, which he Tam se nemohly tak snadno rozbít, kdyby usually stashed above the wall mats, at na ně byl některý ze zápasníků mrštěn. about head level – where would not be so Jenny si všimla, že byl tak v jejím věku, easily crushed by a wrestler who was flung a taky, že ho ve steeringské škole ještě upon them. Jenny observed that the coach neviděla – ať už s brýlemi nebo bez nich. was about her age, and that she had never seen him on or about the Steering campus before – with or without his glasses.
25
The coach was new at Steering. His name Trenér byl ve Steeringu nový. Jmenoval se was Ernie Holm, and so far he had found Ernie Holm a na Steeringské měl stejný the Steering community to be just as snotty názor jako Jenny – že jsou domýšliví as Jenny had found it. Ernie Hom had been a povýšení. Ernie se stal dvakrát
a two-time Big Ten wrestling champion at šampiónem zápasnické Velké Desítky na the University of Iowa, but he had never Iowské univerzitě, ale národní titul nikdy won a national title and he had coached in nevyhrál. A tak už patnáct let trénoval na high schools all over Iowa for fifteen years středních školách po celé Iowě a mezitím while trying to raise his only child, a se snažil vychovávat své jediné dítě, dceru, daughter, all by himself. He was bone-tired o kterou se staral sám. Byl, jak o sobě of the Midwest, as he would have said it. říkal, ze Středozápadu pěkně otrávený She was the brains of the family, he was a prý přišel na Východ, jen aby své dceři fond of saying – and she had her mothers´s zajistil dobré vzdělání. Rád se chlubil, že fine looks, which he never mentioned.
jeho chytrá dcera je pýchou rodiny, taky byla krásná po matce, ale to nikdy nezmínil.
Helen Holm, at fifteen, had spent a lifetime Helen Holmová v svých patnácti, doposud of
three-hour afternoons sitting in strávila celý život sezením v tělocvičnách
wrestling rooms, from Iowa to Steering, od Iowy po Steering a musela se dívat na watching boys of many sizes sweat and zpocené chlapce různých velikostí, jak throw each other around. Helen would jeden
druhým
hází
po
tělocvičně.
remark, years later, that spending her O několik let později Helen poznamenala, childhood as the only girl in a wrestling že trávení dětství v tělocvičně z ní udělalo room had made her a reader. „I was čtenářku. „Byla jsem vychovávána být brought up to be a spectator,“ Helen said. divákem,“ „I was raised to be a voyeur.“
voyeura.“
26
říkala.
„Vychoval
ze
mě
She was such a good and nonstop reader, Byla tak dobrou a téměř nepřetržitou in fact, that Ernie Holm had moved East čtenářkou, že se Ernie přestěhoval na just for her. He took the job at Steering for Východ jen kvůli ní. I práci ve Steeringu Helen’s sake, bacause he had read in his vzal kvůli ní, protože ve smlouvě stálo, že contract that the children of the faculty and děti zaměstnanců steeringské školy mohou staff could attend the Steering School for školu navštěvovat zdarma nebo obdrží free – or they could receive a comparable adekvátní částku, aby si mohly zaplatit sum of money toward their tuition at jinou soukromou školu. Sám Ernie byl another privete school. Ernie Holm was a
špatný čtenář, a tak nějak přehlédl, že
bad reader, himself; he had somehow Steering přijímá pouze chlapce. overlooked the fact that Steering admitted only boys.
He found himself movig into the chilly A
tak
se
jednou
na
podzim
ocitl
steering community in the fall, with his v chladném steeringské společenství a jeho brainy daughter once more enrolled in a dcera byla zase zapsaná na špatné státní small, bad public school. In fact, the public škole. Popravdě řečeno, státní škola ve school in the town of Steering was Steeringu byla asi ze všech státních škol ta probably worse than most public schools nejhorší.
Nadaní
chlapci
šli
na
because the smart boys in the town went to Steeringskou soukromou školu a nadaná Steering and the smart girls went away.
děvčata odešla úplně.
Ernie Holm hadn’t figured he’d have to Ernie si nedovedl představit, že by poslal send his daughter away from him – that svou dceru pryč. To byl také důvod, proč had been why he’d moved: to stay with se stěhoval – aby byl s ní. Mezitím co si her. So while Ernie Holm was getting used Ernie zvykal na své nové povinnosti, Helen to his new duties at Steering, Helen Holm se toulala po zákoutích té velké školy. wandered the fringes of the great school, Nejvíce obdivovala knihovnu a zdejší devouring its bookstrore and its library obchod s knihami (samozřejmě také slyšela (hearing
stories,
no
doubt,
of
the povídání o další velké steeringské čtenářce,
community’s other great reader: Jenny Jenny Fieldsové). Ale jinak tu byla stejně Fields); and Helen continued to be bored, otrávená nudnými spolužáky a nudnou as she had been boed in Iowa, by her státní školou, jako byla otrávená v Iowě . 27
boring classmates in her boring public school.
Ernie was sensitive to people who were Ernie byl k lidem, kteří se nudí, citlivý. bored. He had married a nurse sixteen Před šestnácti lety si vzal zdravotní sestru. years earlier; when Helen had been bored, Když se Helen narodila, sestra se vzdala the nurse gave up her nursing to be a full- práce a stala se matkou na plný úvazek. Za time mother. After six months she wanted šest měsíců chtěla být zase sestrou, ale v té to be a nurse again, but there were no day-
době nebyly v Iowě žádné školky, a tak se
care centers in Iowa in those years, and Erniemu jeho žena, pod tíhou břemene Ernie Holme’s new wife grew gradually matky na plný úvazek a bývalé sestry, stále more distant under the strain of being a více vzdalovala. Až ho jednoho dne full-time mother and an ex-nurse. One day opustila úplně. Opustila jeho a jejich dceru she left him. She left him with a full-time na plný úvazek bez jakéhokoliv vysvětlení. daughter and no explanation.
So Helen Holm grew up in wrestlin rooms, Takže
Helen
Holmová
vyrůstala
which are very safe for children – being v zápasnické tělocvičně, která je pro děti padded everywhere, and always warm. velmi bezpečná – všude je vypolstrovaná Books had kept Helen from being bored, a vždy vyhřátá.
Knihy byly pro Helen
although Ernie Holm worried how long his jedinou zábavou, ale Ernie se obával, jak daughter´s studiousness could continue to dlouho jí toto zapálení vydrží, když je be nourished in a vacuum. Ernie was sure živeno ve vakuu. Ernie si byl jistý, že geny that the genes for being bored were in his nudy jsou v Helen pevně zakódované. daughter.
Thus he came to Steering. Thus Helen, A tak přišel do Steeringu. A tak Helen, who also wore glasses – as needfully as her která také nosila brýle – stejně tak father – was with him that dayJenny Fields nezbytně jako její otec – byla s Erniem walked into the wrestling room. jenny v ten den, kdy Jenny Fieldsová vešla do didn´t notice Helen; few people notice tělocvičny. Jenny si Helen vůbec nevšimla Helen, when Helen was fifteen. Helen, - když bylo Helen patnáct, málokdo si jí 28
however, noticed Jenny right away; Helen všiml. Helen se lišila od svého otce tím, že was unlike her father in that she didn’t nezápasila s chlapci, ani nepředváděla wrestle with the boys, or demonstrate chvaty a hmaty, a tak brýle nosila vždycky. moves and holds, and so she kept her glasses on.
Helen was forever on the lookout for Helen si vždycky všímala zdravotních nurses because she was forevr on the sester, protože stále očekávala svou matku, lookout for her disappeared mother, whom kterou se Ernie nikdy nepokusil najít. Ernie hd made no attempt to find. With S ženami měl Ernie tu zkušenost, že rády women, Ernie Holm had some experience odpovídaly ne. Když byla Helen malá, at taking no for an answer. But when Helen Ernie ji konejšil nevěrohodnou pohádkou, had been small, Ernie had indulged her které by bezpochyby sám rád věřil – byl to with a speculative fable he no doubt liked příběh, který Helen také vždy fascinoval. to imagine himself – it was a story that had „Jednoho dne,“ pravil příběh, „možná always intrigued Helen, too. „One day,“ uvidíš krásnou zdravotní sestru, takovou, went the story, „you might see a pretty co vypadá, jako když neví, kde je, a možná nurse, sort of looking like she doesn’t se na tebe podívá, jako by nevěděla, kdo know where she is anymore, and she might jsi, ale bude to chtít zjistit.“ look at you like she doesn’t know who you „A to bude maminka?“ ptávala se Helen are, either – but she might look curious to otce. „A to bude maminka,“ odpovídal Ernie.
find out.“ „And that will be my mom?“ Helen used to ask her father. „And that will be your mom!“ Ernie use to say.
So when Helen Holm looked up from her Takže jak Helen ve steeringské zápasnické book in the Steering wrestling room, she tělocvičně zvedla oči od knihy, myslela si, thought she saw her mother. Jenny Fields že vidí matku. Jenny Fieldsová ve své bílé in her white uniform was forever appearing uniformě vždy vypadala nápadně. A tady out of place; there on the crimson mats of na rubínově rudých matracích steeringské the Steering School, she looked dark and školy vypadala tmavě a zdravě, kostnatá, healthy, strong-boned and handnsome if a když ne krásná, tak alespoň pohledná. 29
not exactly pretty, and Helen Holm must Helen Holmová si musela myslet, že žádná have thought that no other woman would jiná žena by nevstoupila do tohoto have ventured into this sof-floored inferno měkkého inferna, kde pracoval její otec. where her father worked. Helen’s glasses Helen se potily brýle, zavřela knihu a ve fogged, she closed her book; in her svém vytahaném šedém svetru, který anonymous grey sweat suit, which hid her zakrýval nemotornou postavu patnáctileté small breasts – she stood up awkwardly dívky – široké boky a malá prsa – nejistě against the wrestling-room wall and waited vstala a čekala na otcův signál, že je to její for her father’s sign of recognition.
matka.
But Ernie was still groping for his glasses; Ale Ernie stále hledal brýle, viděl bílou in a blur he saw the white figure – vaguely rozmazanou postavu, nejasně ženskou, womanly, perhaps a nurse – and his heart možná zdravotní sestru, a jeho srdce se paused at the possibility he had never zastavilo
nad
možností,
které
nikdy
really belived in: his wife’s return, her nevěřil: jeho žena se vrátila říkajíce: „Ach, saing, „Oh, how I’ve missed you and our jak se mi po vás stýskalo!“ Která jiná daughter:“ What other nurse would enter sestra by sem vstoupila? his place of emlpoyment?
Helen saw her father’s fumbling, she took Jak
Helen
viděla
otcovo
zápolení,
this to be the necessary sign. She stepped pochopila to jako ten nezbytný signál. Přes towar Jenny across the blood-warm mats, krvavě rudé matrace se vydala k Jenny and Jenny thought: My God, that’s a girl! a Jenny si pomyslela: Můj Bože, to je A pretty girl with glasses. What’s a pretty dívka! A hezká dívka s brýlemi. Co dělá girl doing in a place like this?
pěkná dívka na místě jako je toto?
„Mom?“ the girl said to Jenny. „It’s me, „Mami?“ řekla Jenny ta hezká dívka. „To Mom!“
jsem já, mami!“
„It’s Helen,“ she said, bursting into tears; „To jsem já, Helen,“ řekla a rozplakala se. she flung her slim arms around Jenny’s Pověsila hubené ruce okolo Jenniných shouldres and pressed her wet face to ramen a svůj mokrý obličej tiskla Jenny na Jenny’s throat.
krk. 30
„Jesus Christ!“ said Jenny Fields, who was „Ježíši!“ polekala se Jenny Fieldsová, která never a woman who liked to be touched. nikdy neměla ráda, když se jí dotýkal Still, she was a nurse and she must have někdo cizí. Byla ale zdravotní sestra, a tak felt Helen’s need; she did not shove the musela cítit Heleninu potřebu. Dívku od girl away from her, though she knew she sebe neodtrhla, i když velmi dobře věděla, was not Helen’s mother. Jenny Fields že není Helenina matka. Jenny si myslela, thought that having been a mother once že být matkou jednou bohatě stačí. was enough. She coolly patted the weeping Chladně hladila záda plačící dívky gril´s back and looked imploringly at the a zvídavě se dívala na zápasnického wrestling coach, who had just found his trenéra, který právě našel své brýle. “Vaše glasses. „I´m not your mother, either,“ matka také nejsem,“ řekla zdvořile Jenny Jenny said politely to him, because he was trenérovi, protože se na ni díval se stejnou looking at her with the same brief relief in úlevou v tváři, jakou Jenny
zahlédla
his face that Jenny had seen in the face of v tváři té hezké dívky. the pretty girl.
What Ernie Holm though was that the To, na co Ernie Holm myslel, byla resemblance went deeper than the uniform skutečnost, že ta podoba byla mnohem and the coincidence of a wrestling room in hlubší než pouhá uniforma a náhodné two nurses’ lives; but Jenny stopped short setkání v zápasnické tělocvičně. Ale Jenny of being as pretty as Ernie´s runaway wife, nebyla tak krásná jako Ernieho uprchlá and Ernie was reflecting that even fifteen žena a Ernie si říkal, že ani patnáct let by years would not have made his wife as neudělalo jeho ženu tak obyčejnou, jako plain and merely handsome as Jenny. Still, byla Jenny. Jenny se i přesto trenérovi Jenny looked all right to Ernie Holm, who zdála být přijatelná. Ernie se nejasně smiled an unclear, apologetic smile that his a omluvně usmíval. Byl to úsměv, který wrestlers were familiar with, when they jeho lost.
zápasníci
dobře
znali,
když
prohrávali.
„My daughter thought you were her „Moje dcera si myslela, že jste její matka,“ mother,“ Ernie Holm said to Jenny.
řekl Ernie Holm Jenny.
31
„She hasn’t seen her mother in quite a „Delší dobu svou matku neviděla.“ while.“
Obviously, thought Jenny Fields. She felt Samozřejmě, the girl tense and spring out of her arms.
pomyslela
si
Jenny
Fieldsová. Cítila dívčino napětí a objetí.
„That’s not your mom, darlin’,“ Ernie „To není tvoje matka, miláčku,“ řekl Ernie Holm said to Helen, who retreated to the dívce,
která
se
zhroutila
na
stěnu
wrestlin-room wall; she was a tough- zápasnické tělocvičny. Helen byla silná minded girl, not at all in the habit of dívka a neměla ve zvyku dávat najevo své emotionally displaying herself – not even city, ani ke svému otci ne. to her father.
„And did you think I was your wife?“ „A vy jste si také myslel, že jsem vaše Jenny asked Ernie, because it had looked žena?“ zeptala se Jenny Ernieho, protože to her, for a moment, that Ernie had se jí zdálo, jako by si ji také spletl. Říkala mistaken her, too. She wondered how long si, jak dlouhá je ta “delší doba,” po kterou a „while“ Mrs. Holm had been missing.
je paní Holmová nezvěstná.
„You fooled me, for a minute,“ Ernie said, „Na chvíli jste mě zmátla,“ přiznal se Ernie politely; he had a shy grin, which he used a zastyděl se, což u něj nebylo obvyklé. sparingly.
Helen crouched in a corner of the wrestling Helen se schoulila do rohu zápasnické room, fiercely eyeing Jenny as if Jenny tělocvičny a nazlobeně pozorovala Jenny, were deliberately responsible for ther jako by ona mohla za to, jak se embarrassment. Jenny
feltmoved by the znemožnila. Jenny se ta událost dotkla,
girl; it had been years since Garp had bylo to už věky, co ji Garp takto objal. hugged her like that, and it was a feeling A byl to pocit, po kterém se i velmi that even a very selective mother, like vybíravé matce, jako byla Jenny, stýskalo. Jenny, remembered missing.
„What’s your name?“ she aked Helen. „My „Jak se jmenujete?“ zeptala se jí Helen. 32
name is Jenny Fields.“
„Jmenuji se Jenny Fieldsová.“
It was a name Helen Holm knew, of Helen Holmová toto jméno samozřejmě course. She was the other mystery reader znala. Byla to ta druhá záhadná čtenářka na aroun the Shteering School. Also, Helen steeringské škole. Také Helen nikdy had not previously given to anyone the nikomu nevyjádřila své pocity, ty si feelings she reserved for a mother; even schovávala pro matku. I když to byla thoughit had been and accident that she´d nehoda, Helen všechny pocity vypustila na flung those feelings around Jenny, Helen Jenny a teď bylo velmi těžké vzít je found it hard to call them back entirely. zpátky. Měla otcův stydlivý úsměv She had her father’s shy smile and she a vděčně se dívala na Jenny a cítila, že by looked thankfully at Jenny; oddly, Helen ji chtěla obejmout znovu, ale tentokrát se felt she would like to hug Jenny again, but ovládla. A vtom už se ufunění zápasníci she restrained herself. There were wrestlers vraceli zpátky do tělocvičny od fontánky, u shuffling back into the room, gasping from které se byli napít, ti, kteří drželi dietu, si the drinkig fountain, where those who were jen vypláchli ústa. cutting weight had only rinsed their mouths.
„No more practice,“ Ernie Holm told them, „Konec tréninku,“ řekl jim Ernie waving them out of the room. „That’s it for a mávnutím je vyhnal z tělocvičny. „To today. Go run your laps!“ Obediently, even pro dnešek stačí. Dejte si pár koleček!“ relieved, they bobbed in the doorway of Posbírali si helmy, umělá trička, cívky the crimson room; they picked up their s páskou
a
poslušně,
téměř
oddaně,
headgear, their rubber sweatsuits, theri vykráčeli z rudé místnosti. Ernie čekal, až spoolsof tape. Ernie Holm waited for the se tělocvična vyprázdní, Jenny a Ernieho room to clear, while his daughter and dcera čekaly na vysvětlení, protože nějaké Jenny Fields waited for him to explain; at vysvětlení bylo vážně na místě. Ernie se the very least, an explanation was in order, nikde
necítil
tak
bezpečně
jako
he felt, and there was nowhere Ernie felt as v zápasnické tělocvičně. Pro něj to bylo comfortable as he felt in a wrestling room. přirozené místo pro vyprávění příběhu, For him it was the natural place to tell i složitého příběhu bez konce, a dokonce someone a story, even a difficult story with i pro vyprávění tohoto příběhu někomu 33
no ending – and even to a stranger.
cizímu.
So when his wrestlers had left to run their Takže když si zápasníci odešli zaběhat, laps, Ernie very patiently began his father- Ernie začal vyprávět svůj příběh o otci daughter tale, the brief history of the nurse a dceři, stručnou historii zdravotní sestry, who left them, and of the Midwest they která je opustila, a o Středozápadu, který noly recently had left. It was a story Jenny nedávno opustili. Byl to příběh, který could appreciate, of course, because Jenny Jenny chápala samozřejmě také proto, že did not know another single parent with a neznala žádného jiného rodiče, který by single child. And although she may felt vychovával dítě sám. A možná i ona by jim tempted to tell them her story – there being ráda vyprávěla svůj příběh – byly v něm interesting similariteis, and differences – zajímavé podobnosti i odlišnosti – pak ale Jenny merely repeated her standard vesion: Jenny prostě zopakovala svou standardní the father of Garp was a soldier, and so verzi: Garpův otec byl voják, a tak dále. forth. And who takes the time for A kdo by ztrácel čas svatbou, když je weddings when there is a war? Though it válka? I když to nebyl celý příběh, was not the whole story, it clearly appealed očividně oslovil Helen i Ernieho, kteří ve to Helen and Ernie, who had met no one Steeringském
společenství
nepotkali
else in the Steering commnity as receptive nikoho tak citlivého a upřímného, jako and frank as Jenny.
byla Jenny, oslovil.
There in the warm red wrestling room, on Tady v teple rudé zápasnické tělocvičny, the soft mats, surrounded by those padded na
měkkých
walls – in such and wnvironment, sudden vypolstrovanými and inexplicable closeness is posible.
matracích, zdmi
–
obklopeni v takovém
prostředí, je náhlá a neočekávaná blízkost klidně možná
Of course Helen would remember that first Samozřejmě si Helen bude své první objetí hug her whole life; however her feelings pamatovat celý život, i když se její city for Jenny might change, and change back, k Jenny
změní,
pro
ten
okamžik
from that moment in the wrestling room v zápasnické tělocvičně, byla Jenny pro Jenny Fields was more of a mother to Helen matkou více, než jakou Helen kdy 34
Helen than Helen ever had. Jenny would měla. A Jenny se také ve své autobiografii also remember how it felt to be hugged zmíní o tom, jak odlišné je objetí od dcery like mother and would even note, in her a od syna. autobiography, how a daughter’s hug was different from a son’s.
Chapter 1
Kapitola 1
p. 23
str. 23
[…]
[…]
When the drooling sergeant was brought to Když slintajícího seržanta přivezli do Boston Mercy, Jenny Fields had trouble špitálu U Milosrdných, Jenny nevěděla, categorizing him. He was clearly an kam ho zařadit. Jasně byl Nepřítomný, Absentee, more docile than a child, but she krotší než dítě, ale nebyla si jistá, co wasn’t sure how much else was wrong všechno mu ještě je. „Dobrý den. Jak se with him. „Hello. How are you?“ she asked máte?“ zeptala se šklebícího se seržanta, him, when they wheeled him-grinning-into když ho převezli na pokoj. the ward.
„Garp!“ he barked. The oculomotor nerve „Garp!“ vyštěkl. Okulomotorický nerv byl had been partially restored, and his eyes částečně zachován, a jeho oči teď spíš now leapt, rather than rolled, but his hands poskakovaly, než že by se koulely. Ruce were wrapped in gauze mittens, the result měl zavázané do gázových rukavic, což byl of Garp’s playing in an accidental fire that důsledek jeho chování, když vypukl požár broke out in the hospital compound aboard ve zdravotnickém oddělení jeho převozní his transport ship. He’d seen the flames lodi. Když uviděl plameny, vztáhl k nim and reached out his hands to them, ruce, oheň si rozšířil až k obličeji, 35
spreading some of the flames up to his a vymazal si tak obočí. Jenny připadal jako face, he’d singed off his eyebrows. He oholená sova. looked a lot like a shaved owl, to Jenny.
With the burns, Garp was an External and S těmi popáleninami byl Garp Povrchový an Absentee all at once. Also, with his a Nepřítomný zároveň. S rukama celýma hands so heavily bandaged, he had lost the zavázanýma
také
ztratil
schopnost
ability to masturbate, an activity that his masturbovat, což byla činnost, kterou, jak papers said he pursued frequently and říkaly jeho papíry, provozoval často, successfully-and
without
self- úspěšně a bez vlastního vědomí. Kdo ho
any
consciousness. Those who’d observed him pozorně pozoroval, všiml si, že od té closely, since his accident with the ship’s nehody s hořícím letadlem, byl dětinský fire, feared that the childish gunner was střelec deprimovaný, protože mu byla becoming depressed-his one adult pleasure odepřena jediná dospělá radost, aspoň taken from him, at least until his hands dokud se mu nezahojí ruce. healed.
It was possible, of course, that Garp had Bylo samozřejmě také možné, že měl Garp Vital organ damage as well. Many poškozené
Životně
důležité
orgány.
fragments had entered his head, many of Spousta střepů se mu dostala do hlavy them were too delicately located to be a mnoho z nich bylo v příliš citlivých removed. Sergeant Garp´s brain damage místech na to, aby mohly být odstraněny. might not stop with his crude lobotomy, Poškození mozku seržanta Garpa by se asi his
internal
destruction
could
be nezastavilo ani po pořádné lobotomii,
progressing. „Our general deterioration is naopak jeho vnitřní zranění by mohlo ještě complicated
enough,“
Garp
wrote, postoupit. „Náš celkový úpadek je dost
„without the introduction of flak to our komplikovaný,“ systems.“
představení
napsal
Garp,
protiletadlového
„i
bez
střelectva
našemu organismu.“
There’d been a patient before Sergeant Před Garpem už tady měli pacienta, který Garp whose head had been similarly měl podobně proraženou hlavu. Měsíce byl penetrated. He´d been fine for months, just v pořádku, jen si povídal sám pro sebe 36
talking to himself and occasionally peeing a občas se počůral. Pak začal ztrácet vlasy, in his bed. Then he started to lose his hair, měl problémy dokončit větu a těsně před he had trouble completing his sentences. tím, než zemřel, mu začala růst prsa. Just before he died, he began to develop breasts.
Given the evidence, the shadows, and the Podle důkazných stínů a bílých jehliček na white needles in the X rays, Gunner Garp rentgenu, střelec Garp byl pravděpodobně was probably a Goner. But to Jenny Fields Vyřízený. Ale Jenny připadal moc pěkný, he looked very nice. A small, neat man, the malý, uhlazený muž; bývalý střelec byl former ball turret gunner was as innocent nevinný a ve svých požadavcích přímý and staightforward in his demands as a jako dvouleté dítě. Křičel „Garp“, když two-year-old. He cried „Garp“ when he měl hlad, a „Garp!“, když měl radost, ptal was hungry and „Garp!“ when he was se „Garp?“, když ho něco zmátlo nebo glad, he asked „Garp?“ when something když přišel někdo cizí, a řekl „Garp“ bez puzzled him, or when addressing strangers, otazníku, když vás poznal. and he said „Garp“ without the question mark when he recognized you.
He usually did what he was told, but the Obvykle dělal to, co mu bylo řečeno, ale couldn’t be trusted, he forgot easily, and if nedalo se mu věřit; snadno zapomínal, one time he was as obedient as a six-year- a i když byl jednou poslušný jako šestiletý, old, another time he was as mindlessly podruhé byl neuvěřitelně vrtošivý, jako by curious as if he were one and a half.
His
depressions,
documented
in
which his
were
transport
mu byl rok a půl.
well Zdálo se, že jeho deprese, která byla řádně papers, zdokumentována
v jeho
převozních
seemed to occur simultaneously with his papírech, se objevuje současně s jeho erections. At these moments he would erekcemi. V takových chvílích tiskl svůj clamp his poor, grown-up peter between vzrostlý penis v té fáčem omotané ruce his gauzy, mittened hand and weep. He a plakal. Plakal, protože gáza nebyla tak wept because the gauze didn’t feel as good příjemná jako nedávná vzpomínka na jeho as his short memory of his hands, and also ruce, a také proto, že ho bolelo čehokoliv 37
becuase it hurt his hands to touch anything. se dotknout. A to byly chvíle, kdy si It was then that Jenny Fields would come k němu Jenny sedávala. Drbala mu záda sit with him. She would rub his back mezi lopatkami, dokud nezvrátil hlavu jako betwen his shoulder blades until he tipped kočka. Celou tu dobu mu povídala svým back his head like a cat, and she’d talk to přátelským hlasem plným vzrušujících him all the the while, her voice friendly změn tónu. Většina sester bzučela na and full of exciting shifts of accent. Most pacienty stálým, neměnným hlasem, aby nurses droned to ther patients-a steady, brzy usnuli. Ale Jenny věděla, že to není changeless voice intent on producing sleep, spánek, co Garp potřeboval. Věděla, že je but Jenny knew that it wasn’t sleep Garp pouze dítě, které se nudí – potřeboval needed. She knew he was only a baby, and nějaké
povyražení.
Tak
ho
Jenny
he was bored-he needed some distraction. zabavovala, pouštěla mu rádio, ale některé So Jenny entertained him. She played radio programy ho rozesmutněly, nikdo nevěděl for him, but some of the programs upset proč. Jiné programy Garpa šíleně vzrušily, Garp, no one knew why. Other programs což vedlo zase k depresi, a tak dále. Jeden gave him terrific erections, which led to his program, jen jednou, přivedl Garpa do depressions, and so forth. One program, mokrého snu, což ho překvapilo i potěšilo, just once, gave Garp a wet dream, which takže chtěl rádio stále vidět. Ale Jenny už so surprised and pleased him that he was ten program nemohla najít, nemohla mu always eager to see the radio. But Jenny zopakovat ten sen. Věděla, že kdyby mohla couldn’t find that program again, she Garpa znovu naladit na program mokrého couldn’t repeat the performance. She knew snu, její práce a jeho život by byly that if she could plug poor Garp into the mnohem šťastnější. Ale nebylo to tak wet-dream program her job and his life jednoduché. would be much happier. But it wasn’t that easy.
She gave up trying to teach him a new Učit ho nová slova už vzdala. Dříve když word. When she fed him and she saw that ho krmila a viděla, že mu to chutná, řekla he liked the food what he was eating, she’d „Dobré! Je to dobré.“ say. „Good! That’s good.“
„Garp!“ souhlasil.
„Garp!“ he’d agree.
A když vyplivl jídlo na bryndák a hrozně
And when he spat out food on his bib and se šklebil, řekla: „Špatné! Je to špatné, 38
made a terrible face, she’d say, „Bad! That co?“ stuff’s bad, righ?“
„Garp!“ přikývl.
„Garp!“ he’d gag.
První známka jeho úpadku nastala když se
The
first
sign
Jenny
had
of
his Jenny zdálo, že ztratil G. Jednou ráno
deterioration was when he seemed to lose pozdravil „Arp.“ the G. One morning he greeted her with „Garp,“ řekla Jenny pevně. „G-arp.“ „Arp.“
„Arp,“ řekl Garp. Věděla, že ho ztrácí.
„Garp,“ she said firmly to him. „G-arp.“
Zdálo se, že každým dnem mládne. Když
„Arp,“ he said. She knew she was losing spal, hnětl vzduch ve svých vrtících se him.
pěstech, rty a tváře měl sevřené, jako
Daily he seemed to grow younger. When kdyby sál, a víčka se mu třásla. Jenny he slept the kneaded the air with his strávila hodně času u dětí, takže věděla, že wriggling fists, his lips puckering, his střelec ve svých snech sál z prsu. Jednu cheeks sucking, his eyelids trembling, chvíli
uvažovala
o
krádeži
dudlíku
Jenny had spent a lot of time around z kojeneckého oddělení, ale raději se od babies, she knew that the ball turret gunner toho místa držela dál, byly jí totiž was nursing in his dreams. For a while she nepříjemné hloupé vtipy typu: „Tady je ta conteplated
stealing
a
pacifier
from Panenka Marie Jenny, štípla dudlíka pro
maternity, but she stayed away from that své děťátko. Kdo je ten šťastný otec, place now, the jokes irritated her („Here’s Jenny?“ Pozorovala seržanta Garpa, jak Virgin Mary Jenny, swiping a phony saje ze spaní, a snažila se představit si, že nipple for her child. Who’s the lucky father jeho konečná regrese bude poklidná, že se Jenny?“). She watched Sergeant Garp vrátí do svého prenatálního období a už suckle in his sleep and tried to imagine that nebude dýchat plícemi; pak se jeho his ultimate regression would be peaceful, osobnost blaženě rozdělí, jedna část bude that he would turn into his fetus phase and snít o vajíčku a druhá o spermii. no longer breathe through his lungs, that A nakonec už prostě nebude. his personality would blissfully separate, half of him turning to dreams of an egg, half of him to dreams of sperm. Finally, he simply wouldn’t be anymore.
39
It was almost like that. Garp’s nursing Garpovo kojenecké období bylo tak silné, phase become so severe that he seemed to že se budil jako dítě podle čtyřhodinového wake up like a child on a four-hour feeding krmného režimu. Dokonce i plakal jako schedule, he even cried like baby, his face dítě, obličej měl červený a z očí mu scarlet, his eyes springing tears in and tryskaly slzy, dokud ho Jenny neukonejšila instant, and in an instant being pacified-by rádiem nebo svým hlasem. Jednou, když the radio, by Jenny’s voice. Once, when ho zase drbala na zádech, si odříhl. Jenny she rubbed his back, he burped. Jenny to rozplakalo, seděla u něj na posteli burst into tears. She sat at his bedside a přála mu rychlou a bezbolestnou cestu wishing him a swift, painless journey back zpátky do dělohy a ještě dále. into the womb and beyond.
If only his hands would heal, she thought. Říkala si, kdyby se mu tak zahojily ruce, Then he could suck his thumb. When he mohl by si pak cucat palec. Když se woke from his suckling dreams, hungry to probudil z kojeneckého snu, měl hlad nurse, or so he imagined, Jenny would put a chtěl nakojit, nebo si to aspoň myslel, a her own finger to his mouth and let his lips tak mu Jenny dala do úst její prst a nechala tug at her. Though he had real, grown-up ho sát. I když měl dospělé zuby, v jeho teeth, in his mind he was toothless and he mysli byl bezzubým dítětem a nikdy ji never bit her. It was this observation that nekousl. Toto zjištění vedlo Jenny k tomu, led Jenny, one night, ot offer him her že mu jednou v noci nabídla svůj prs, Garp breast, where he sucked inexhaustible and sál naprosto nevyčerpatelně a zdálo se, že didn’t seem to mind that there was nothing mu vůbec nevadí, že nebylo co. Jenny si to be had there. Jenny thought that if he říkala, že jestli ho bude takhle dál kojit, kept nursing at her, she would have milk, začne se jí tvořit mléko, uvnitř cítila silné she felt such a firm tug in her womb, both napětí, a to jak mateřské, tak i sexuální. maternal and sexual.
Her feelings were so vivid-she believed for Její pocity byly tak intenzivní, že na chvíli a while that she could possibley conceive a uvěřila, že by mohla počít dítě jen z toho, child simply by suckling the baby ball jak jí střelec saje z prsů. turret gunner.
40
It was almost like that. But Gunner Garp Vážně to tak skoro bylo, ale střelec Garp was not all baby. One night, when he nebyl dítě. Jednou v noci, když ho Jenny nursed at her, Jenny noticed he had an zase kojila, všimla si, že jeho vzrušení erection that lifted the sheet, with his nadzdvihuje přikrývku. Mnul si penis clumsy,
bandaged
hands
he
fanned svýma
himself, yelping frustration while he rukama,
neohrabanýma, nešťastně
zafačovanýma
kňučel
a
hltal
wolfed at her breast. And so one night she z Jenniných prsou. A tak mu jednou v noci helped him, whith her cool, powdered hand pomohla, svou chladnou suchou rukou; she took hold of him. At her breast he přestal ji sát a jen tak se s jejími prsy stopped nursing, he just nuzzled her.
mazlil.
„Ar,“ he moaned. He’d had lost he P.
„Ar,“ zamumlal. Ztratil P.
Once a Garp, then an Arp, now only an Ar, Nejdřív Garp, potom Arp a teď už jen Ar, she knew he ws dying. He had just one věděla, že umírá. Zbývala mu už jen jedna vowel and one consonant left.
samohláska a jedna souhláska.
When he came, she felt his shot wet and Když byl hotový, v ruce cítila jeho horký hot in her hand. Under the sheet it smelled a mokrý výstřik. Pod přikrývkou to bylo like a greenhouse in summer, absurdly cítit jako v létě ve skleníku; za chvilku už fertile, growth gotten out of hand. You zase malý, ale neuvěřitelně plodný jí could plant anything there and it would vyklouzl z ruky. Mohli byste tu pěstovat blossom. Garp’s sperm struck Jenny Fields cokoli a plodilo by to. Garpovo sperma that way: if you spilled a little in a přivedlo Jenny k myšlence, že by stačilo greenhouse, babies would sprout out of the ho jen trošku vylít do skleníku a z půdy by dirt. Jenny gave the matter twenty-four vyklíčily děti. Jenny si dala dvacet čtyři hours of thought.
hodin na rozmyšlenou.
„Garp?“ Jenny whispered.
„Garpe?“ zašeptala Jenny.
She unbuttoned the bluse of ther dress and Rozepnula si košili od uniformy a obnažila brought forth the breasts she had always si prsa, o kterých si vždycky myslela, že considered
too
large.
„Garp?“
she jsou příliš velká. „Garpe?“ zašeptala mu do
whispered in his ear, his eyelids fluttered, ucha, oční víčka mu pocukávala a rty měl 41
his lips reached. Around them was a white našpulené. Okolo Jenny a Garpa byla bílá shroud, a curtain on runners, which clona ze závěsů, které je uzavíraly jako enclosed them in the ward. On one side of stěny místnosti. Na jedné straně Garpovy Garp was and External-a flame-thrower postele
byl
Povrchový
–
oběť
victim, slippery with salve, swaddled in plamenometu, namazaný mastí a ovázaný gauze. He had no eyelids, so it appeared he gázou.
Neměl
oční
víčka,
takže
to
was always watching, but he was blind. vypadalo, jako by se stále díval, ale byl Jenny took off ther sturdy nurse’s shoes, slepý. Jenny si zula bytelné sesterské boty, unfastened her white stockings, stepped odepnula si punčochy a vysvlékla se z šatů. out of ther dress. She touched her finger to Prstem se dotkla Garpových rtů. Garp’s lips.
On the other side of Garp’s white-shrouded Na druhé straně Garpovy
bíle zahalené
bed was a Vital Organ patient on his way postele byl pacient - Životně důležitý becoming an Absentee. He had lost most orgán na cestě stát se Nepřítomným. Ztratil of his lower intestine and his rectum, now většinu tlustého střeva a konečník, nyní ho a kidney was gving him trouble and his trápila ledvina liver was diving him crazy. He had terrible k šílenství.
Měl
a
játra šílené
ho přiváděla noční
můry,
nightmares that he was being forced to v kterých byl nucen močit a kálet, i když to urinate and defecate, though this was pro něj byla dávná minulost. ancient history for him. He was actually Ve skutečnosti vlastně ani nevěděl, kdy quite unaware when he did those things, tyto věci dělal; dělal je skrz trubičky and he did them through tubes into rubber a gumové pytlíky. Často naříkal, ne jako bags. He groaned frequently and, unlike Garp, naříkal v celých slovech. Garp, he groaned in whole words.
„Do prdele,“ naříkal.
„Shit,“ he groaned.
„Garpe?“ zašeptala Jenny a vysvlékla si
„Garp?“ Jenny whispered. She stepped out kalhotky, sundala si podprsenku a odtáhla of her slip and panties, she took off her bra přikrývku. and pulled back the sheet.
„Bože,“ řekl Povrchový lehce, rty měl od
„Christ,“said the External, softly, his lips popálení samý puchýř. were blistred with burns.
„Kurva, Bože, hovna ne!“ zařval Životně
„Goddamn shit!“ cried the Vital Organ důležitý orgán. man.
„Garpe,“ řekla Jenny Fieldsová. Uchopila 42
„Garp,“ said Jenny Fields. She took hold of jeho ztopořený penis a obkročila ho. his erection and straddled him.
„Aaa,“ řekl Garp. Už i r bylo pryč. K tomu,
„Aaa,“said Garp. Even the r was gone. He aby vyjádřil radost nebo smutek, mu už was reduced to a vowel sound to express sbývala jen jedna samohláska. his joy or his sadness. „Aaa,“ he said, as „Aaa,“ zopakoval, když si ho Jenny Jenny drew his inside her and sat on him zavedla dovnitř a posadila se na něj plnou with all her weight.
vahou.
„Garp?“ she asked. „Okay? Is that good, „Garpe?“ zeptala se. „ Je to v pořádku? Je Garp?“
to dobré, Garpe?“
„Good,“ he agreed distinctly. But it was „Dobré,“ zřetelně souhlasil. Ale bylo to jen only word from his wrecked memory, jedno jediné slovo v jeho zruinované thrown clear for a moment when he came paměti, slovo příhodné pro ten okamžik, inside her. It was the first and last true kdy uvnitř Jenny vystříkl. Bylo to první word that Jenny Fields heard him speak: a poslední opravdové slovo, které od něj good. As he shrank and his vital stuff Jenny Fildsová slyšela: dobré. Jak se seeped from her, he was once againg zmenšil a spolu s jeho životadárnou reduced to Aaa’s, he closed his eyes and tekutinou z Jenny vyklouzl, byl zase slept. When Jenny offered him her breast, omezen jen na A; zavřel oči a spal. Když he wasn’t hungry.
mu Jenny nabídla prs, neměl hlad.
„God!“ called the External, being very „Kristepane!“ křičel Povrchový a velmi gentle with the d, his tongue had been opatrně vyslovoval t, poněvadž i jazyk měl burned, too.
spálený.
„Piss!“ snarled the Vital Organ man.
„Chcánky!“ vrčel. Životně důležitý orgán.
Jenny Fields washed Garp and herself with Jenny Fieldsová umyla sebe i Garpa teplou warm water and soap in a white enamel vodou
a
mýdlem
hospital bowl. She wasn´t going to douche, smaltovaném
umyvadle.
v nemocničním Nechtěla
se
of course, and she had no doubt that the koupat, samozřejmě si byla jistá, že kouzlo magic had worked. She felt more receptive fungovalo. Cítila se plodnější než dobře than prepared soil-the nourished earth-and připravená půda, vyživená země, cítila, že she had felt Garp shoot up inside her as Garp do ní vystříkl tak štědře jako generously as a hose in summer (as if he zahradnická hadice v létě (jako kdyby could water a lawn).
zaléval trávník). 43
She never did it with him again. There was Už to s ním nikdy nezopakovala. Nebyl no reason. She didn´t enjoy it. From time důvod, netěšilo ji to. Čas od času mu to time she helped him wht her hand, and pomohla rukou, a když plakal, dala mu prs. when he cried for it, she gave him her Za pár týdnů už neměl žádné erekce. Když breast, but in a few weeks he had no more mu z rukou sundali obvazy, všimli si, že erections. When they took the bandages off hojící proces fungoval opačně, a tak mu je his hands, they noticed that even the zase zavázali. healing process seemed to be working in reverse, they wrapped him back up again.
He lost all interest in nursing. His dreams Ztratil zájem o kojení. Jeho sny Jenny struck Jenny as the dreams a fish might připadaly jako sny, které by mohla mít have. He was back in the womb, Jenny ryba. Byl zpátky v děloze, Jenny věděla, že knew, he resumed a fetal position, tucked se vrátil do prenatálního období, schoulený up small in the center of the bed. He made uprostřed postele už nevydával žádné no sound at all. One morning Jenny zvuky. watched him kick with his small, weak Jednoho rána ho Jenny pozorovala, jak feet, she imagined she felt a kick inside. kopal svýma malýma a slabýma nohama, Though it was too soon for the real thing, přišlo jí, že v břiše ucítila kopnutí. Bylo she knew the real thing was on it way.
ještě brzy, aby cítila skutečné kopání, ale věděla, že její skutečné dítě je na cestě.
Soon Grarp stopped kicking. He still got Garp brzy přestal kopat, stále dostával his oxygen by breathing air with his lungs, kyslík plícemi, ale Jenny věděla, že to je but Jenny knew this was simply an jen příklad lidské přizpůsobivosti. Už example
of
human
adaptability.
He nejedl, museli ho krmit nitrožilně, takže
wouldn’t eat, they had to feed him byl stále připojen k jakési pupeční šňůře. intravenously, so once again he was Jenny s obavami očekávala jeho poslední attached to a kind of umbilical cord. Jenny stadium. Bude na konci nějaký zápas, něco anticipated his last phase with some jako zoufalý zápas spermií? Zdvihne anxiousness. Would there be a struggle at spermie svůj štít a bude obnažené vajíčko the end, like the sperm’s frantic struggle? netrpělivě čekat – na smrt? A jak se na 44
Would the sperm shield be lifted and the jeho zpáteční cestě Garpova duše nakonec naked egg wait, expectantly, for death? In rozdělí? Garpovo poslední stadium ale little Garp’s return trip, how would his soul proběhlo bez Jenny. Jednoho dne, když at last divide? But the phase passed zrovna neměla službu, technický seržant without Jenny’s observation. One day, Garp zemřel. when she was off duty, Technical Sergeant Garp died. „When else could he have died?“ Garp has „Kdy jindy by měl zemřít?“ napsal později written.
Garp.
„With my mother off duty was the only „Byl to jediný způsob, jak mohl uniknout – way he could escape.“
když matka neměla službu.“
„Of course I felt something when he died,“ „Samozřejmě Jenny
Fields
wrote
in
her
jsem něco
cítila,
když
famous zemřel,“ napsala Jenny Fieldsová ve svém
autobiography. „But the best of him was slavné autobiografii. „Ale to nejlepší z něj inside me. That was the best thing for both bylo ve mně. Byla to ta nejlepší věc pro of us, the only way he could go on living, nás oba, byl to jediný způsob, jak mohl žít the only way I wanted to have a child. That dál. Jediné, co jsem chtěla, bylo mít dítě. the rest of the world find this an immoral Že to zbytek světa považuje za nemorální, act only shows me that the rest of the jen ukazuje, že zbytek světa nerespektuje world doesn´t respect the rights of an práva jedince.“ individual.“
It was 1943. When Jenny’s pregnancy was V roce 1943, když Jennino těhotenství apparent, she lost her job. Of course, it was začalo
být
viditelné,
ztratila
práci.
all that her parents and brothers had Samozřejmě to bylo to, co její rodiče expected, they weren’t surprised, Jenny a bratři čekali, takže nebyli překvapení. had long ago stopped trying to convince Jenny je už dávno přestala přesvědčovat them of her purity. She moved through the o své nevinnosti. V jiném stavu se po big corridors in the parental estate at Dog’s velkých chodbách rodinné usedlosti Dog´s Harbor
like
a
satisfied
ghost.
Her Harbor pohybovala jako spokojený duch.
composure alarmed her family, and they Její
vyrovnanost
rodinu
pohoršovala,
left her alone. Secretly, Jenny was quite opustili ji. Jenny byla tajně šťastná, 45
happy, but with all the musing she must kupodivu přes všechno to dumání have done about this expected child, it’s a o očekávaném dítěti nikdy nezapřemýšlela wonder she never gave a thought to names. o jeho jméně. Když Jenny porodila čtyř Because, when Jenny Fields gave birth to a a půl kilového chlapečka, na jméno neměla ninepound baby boy, she had no name in ani pomyšlení. Jennina matka se ptala, jak mind. Jenny´s mother asked her what she ho chce pojmenovat, ale Jenny právě wanted to name him, but Jenny had just porodila a dostala sedativa, takže nebyla delivered and had just received her moc sdílná. sedative, she was not cooperative. „Garp,“ she said.
„Garp,“ vzdychla.
Her father, the footwear king, thought she Její otec, král obuvníků, si myslel, že si had burped, but her mother whispered to Jenny jen odříhla, ale její matka mu him, „The name is Garp.“
pošeptala: „To je jméno.“
„Garp?“ he said. They knew they might „Garp?“ zeptal se. Mysleli si, že podle find out who this baby’s father was, this jména se dovtípí, kdo je otcem dítěte. way. Jenny, of course, had not admitted a Jenny samozřejmě nic nepřiznala. thing. „Find out if that’s the son of a bitch’s first „Zjisti, jestli to je jméno nebo příjmení name of last name,“ Jenny’s father toho bastarda?“ pošeptal její matce. whispered to Jenny’s mother. „Is that a first name of a last name, dear?“ „A to je jméno nebo příjmení, drahoušku?“ Jenny’s mother asked her.
ptala se Jenny matka.
Jenny was very sleepy. „It’s Garp,“ she Jenny byla strašně ospalá. „Je to Garp,“ said. „Just Garp. That’s the whole thing.“
odpověděla. „Jen Garp. A je to.“
„I think it’s a last name“ Jenny’s mother „Myslím, že je to příjmení,“ řekla Jennina told Jenny´s father.
matka otci.
„What’s his first name?“ Jenny’’s father „A jaké má tedy jméno?“ vztekal se otec. asked crossly. „I never knew,“ Jenny mumbled. This is „Tak to mi nikdy neřekl,“ zamumlala true, she never did.
Jenny. A byla to pravda, nikdy se nedověděla Garpovo křestní jméno.
„She never knew his first name!“ her father „On jí to nikdy neřekl!“ řval otec. roared. 46
„Please, dear,“ her mother said. „He must „Drahoušku, prosím tě,“ matka se snažila have a first name.“
z Jenny dostat jeho jméno, „musí mít nějaké křestní jméno.“
„Technical Sergeant Garp,“ said Jenny „Technický seržant Garp,“ odpověděla Fields.
Jenny Fieldsová.
„A goddamn soldier, I knew it!“ her father „Kristepane, voják! Já to věděl!“ šílel otec. said. „Technical Sergeant?“ Jenny’s mother „Technický seržant?“ divila se matka. asked her. „T. S.,“ Jenny said. „T. S. Garp. That’s my „T. S., T. S. Garp, tak se jmenuje moje baby’s name.“ She fell asleep.
děťátko,“ řekla Jenny a usnula.
Her father was furious. „T. S. Garp!“ he Její otec šílel. „T. S. Garp!“ supěl. hollered. „What kind of a name for a baby is that?“
„Co to je za jméno pro dítě?“
„All his own,“ Jenny told him, later. „It´s „Jeho vlastní,“ řekla mu Jenny později. „Je his own goddamn name, all his own.“
to jeho vlastní jméno, celé jeho jméno.“
„It was great fun going to school with a Garp jednou napsal, „Chodit do školy name like that,“ Garp has written. „The s takovým jménem byla vážně zábava. teachers would ask you what the initials Učitelé se ptali, co ty iniciály znamenají. stood for. First I used to say that they were Nejdřív jsem říkal, že to jsou prostě jen just initials, but they never believed me. So iniciály, ale nevěřili mi. Takže jsem musel I’d have to say, „Call my mom. She´ll tell říct: „Zavolejte mé matce, ona vám to poví. you.“ And they would. And old Jenny A tak jí zavolali. A stará Jenny jim would give them a piece of her mind.“
vyčinila.“
Thus was the world given T. S. Garp: born A tak byl světu dán T. S. Garp: narozený from a good nurse with a wil of ther own, z dobré zdravotní sestry, z její vlastní vůle and the seed of a ball turret gunner – his a ze semene protitankového střelce – z jeho last shot.
posledního výstřelu.
47
Chapter 13
Kapitola 13
p. 358
str. 358
[…]
[…]
Garp went on drying between his toes. Garp se stále vytíral mezi prsty u nohou. When the kids were out of the bathroom, Když děti z koupelny odešly, Helen Helen poked her head back in. „I’m sorry, sklonila hlavu. „Omlouvám se a miluji tě,“ and I love you,“ Helen said, but he řekla, ale Garp od procedury s ručníkem wouldn’t look up from his deliberate nemínil zdvihnout oči. „Nikdy jsem ti procedure with the towel. „I never wanted nechtěla ublížit,“ pokračovala. „Jak jsi na to hurt you,“ she went on. „How did you to přišel? Nikdy jsem na tebe nepřestala find out? I have never once stopped myslet. Byla to ta dívka?“ zašeptala Helen, thinking of you. Was it that girl?“ Helen ale Garp se věnoval pouze svým prstům. whispered but garp gave all his attention to his toes.
When she had set out food for the children Když dětem připravila jídlo (jako kdyby (as if they were pets! she would think to byly
domácí
zvířatka,
pomyslela
si
herself, later), she went back upstairs to později), vrátila se nahoru ke Garpovi. Byl him. He was still in front of the mirror, stále před zrcadlem, seděl nahý na okraji sitting naked on the edge of the tub.
vany.
„He means nothing, he never took anything „Nic pro mě neznamená, nic ti nevzal,“ away from you,“ she told him. „It’s all řekla mu. „Už je to pryč.“ over now, really it is.“ „Since when?“ he asked her.
„Od kdy?“ zeptal se Garp.
„As of now,“ she said to Garp. „I just have „Od to tell him.“
teď,
jen
mu
to
musím
říct,“
odpověděla.
„Don’t tell him,“ Garp said. „Let him „Nic mu neříkej, nech ho hádat,“ navrhl guess.“
Garp.
„I can’t do that,“ Helen said. 48
„There’s a shell in my egg!“ Walt hollered „To nemůžu udělat,“ namítla Helen. from downstairs.
„Mám
ve
vajíčku
skořápku!“
křičel
„My toast is burnt!“ Duncan said. They zezdola Walt. were plotting together to distract their „Mám spálený toust!“ stěžoval si Duncan. parents from each other-whether they knew Spolčili se, aby od sebe rozdělili své it or not. Children, Garp thought, have rodiče, ať už si toho byli vědomi nebo ne. some instinct for separating their parents Děti, pomyslel si Garp, mají nějaký smysl when their parents ought to be seperated.
určený k separování rodičů, když by
„Just eat it!“ Helen called to them. „It’s not neměli být spolu. „Jen to snězte!“ zavolala to bad.“ She tried to touch Garp but he na ně Helen. „Není to zas tak špatné.“ slipped past her, out of the bathroom, he Pokusila se Garpa dotknout, ale protáhl se started to dress. „Eat up and I’ll take you to kolem ní ven z koupelny a začal se oblékat. a movie!“ he called to the kids.
„Najezte se a vezmu vás do kina!“ zavolal
„What are you doing that for?“ Helen na děti. „Proč to děláš?“ zeptala se ho asked him.
Helen.
„I’m not staying here with you,“ he said. „Nezůstanu tady s tebou,“ odpověděl. „We’re going out. You call that wimposh „Jdeme ven. Ty zavolej tomu sráčovi a asshole and say good-bye.“
rozluč se.“
„He’ll want to see me,“ Helen said, dull- „Bude mě chtít vidět,“ namítla Helen the reality of having it over, now that Garp otupěle. Skutečnost, že už je to pryč, teď, knew about it, was working on her like když o tom Garp ví, na ni působila jako Novocain. If she had been sensitive to how Rohypnol.
Kdyby
si
tak
předtím
much she´d hurt Garp, at first, now her uvědomila, jak moc Garpovi ublíží. City feelings for him were deadening slightly k jejímu milenci slábly, už se zase cítila and she was feeling for herself again.
sama sebou.
„Tell him to eat his heart out,“ Garp said. „Řekni mu, ať si políbí prdel,“ řekl Garp. „You won’t see him. No last fucks for the „Už ho neuvidíš. Žádný poslední pich na road, Helen. Just tell him good-bye. On the projížďce, Helen. Prostě se rozluč po phone.“
telefonu a je to.“
„Nobody said anything about „last fucks,““ „Nikdo neříkal nic o posledním pichu,“ Helen said.
zlobila se Helen.
„Use the phone,“ Garp said. „I’ll take the „Udělej to po telefonu,“ řekl Garp. kids out. We’ll come back. You won´t see „Vezmu děti do kina. Až se vrátíme, tak už 49
him againg.“
ho víckrát neuvidíš.“
„I won’t, I promise,“ Helen said. „But I „Neuvidím, slibuji,“ přísahala Helen. „Ale should see him, just once-to tell him.“
měla bych se s ním ještě jednou setkat,
„I suppose you feel you’ve handled this abych mu to řekla.“ very decently,“ Garp said. Helen, to a „Předpokládám, že máš pocit, že jsme point, did feel so, she didn’t say anything. celou věc vyřešili na úrovni,“ vyjel na ni She felt she had never lost sight of Garp Garp. Helen se tak do jisté míry vážně and her children during this indulgence, cítila, ale nic neřekla. Měla pocit, že už she felt justified in handing it her way, nikdy nezapomene pohled na Garpa a na now.
děti během téhle události; cítila se teď v právu vyřešit to po svém.
„We should talk about this later,“ she said „Měli bychom si o tom promluvit později,“ to him.
řekla mu.
„Some perspective will be possible, later.“ „Pak bude možné dělat nějaké závěry.“ He would have struck her if the children Kdyby do pokoje nevtrhly děti, uhodil by hand’t burst into the room.
ji.
„One, two, three,“ Duncan chanted to „Jedna, dvě, tři,“ Duncan počítal Waltovi. Walt. „The cereal is stale!“ Duncan and „Vločky Walt hollered tohether.
jsou
navlhlý!“
pokřikovali
Duncan a Walt.
„Please, boys,“ Helen said. „Your father „Kluci, prosím vás,“ řekla Helen. „Váš and I are having a little fight. Go tatínek a já tady máme malou bitvu. Jděte downstairs.“
dolů.“
They stared at her.
Zírali na ni.
„Please,“ Garp said to them. He turned „Prosím,“ přidal se Garp. Odvrátil se od away from them so they wouldn´t see him nich, aby neviděli, jak pláče, ale Duncan to crying, but Duncan probably knew, and asi věděl a Helen to věděla určitě. Walt to surely Helen knew. Walt probably didn’t pravděpodobně nepostřehl. catch it.
„Bitvu?“ ptal se Walt.
„A fight?“ Walt said. „Come on,“ Duncan said to him, he took „Tak pojď,“ vzal ho Duncan za ruku a táhl Walt’s hand. Duncan pulled Walt out of ho pryč z ložnice. „Pojď, Walte, nebo se the bedroom. „Come on, Walt,“ Duncan do toho kina nedostanem.“ 50
said, „or we won’t get to see the movie.“
„Jó, kino!“ výskal Walt.
„Yeah the movie!“ Walt cried.
To his horror, Garp recognized the attitude Garp ke svému zděšení poznal význam of their leaving-Duncan leading Walt jejich odchodu – Duncan vedl Walta pryč, away, and down the stairs, the smaller boy dolů, menší chlapec se ohlížel. Walt turning and looking back. Walt waved, but zamával, ale Duncan ho stále táhl dolů, Duncan pulled him on. Down and gone, pryč do protibombového úkrytu. Garp si into the bomb shelter. Garp hid his face in schoval obličej do oblečení a plakal. his clothes and cried.
When Helen touched him, he said, „Don’t Když
se
ho
Helen
dotkla,
vyštěkl,
touch me,“ and went on crying. Helen shut „Nesahej na mě,“ a zase plakal. Helen the bedroom door.
zavřela dveře.
„Oh don’t,“ she pleaded. „He isn’t worth „Ach, neplač,“ prosila. „On za to nestojí, this, he wasn’t anything. I jsut enjoyed nic pro mě neznamenal. Jen jsem si s ním him.“ she tried to explain, but Garp shook užila,“ snažila se mu to vysvětlit, ale Garp his head violently and threw his pants at jen trhl hlavou a mrštil po ní kalhoty. Byl her. He was still only half dressed-an stále jen způlky oblečený – byla to situace, attitude that was perhaps, Helen realized, uvědomila si Helen, která je pro muže the most compromising for men: when nejvíce kompromitující: kdy nejsou ani they were not one thing and also not jedno ani druhé. Žena napůl oblečená má another. A woman half dressed seemed to určitou moc, ale muž není prostě tak have some power, but a man was simply hezký, jako když je úplně nahý, a ne tak not as handsome as when he was naked, v bezpečí, jako když je oblečený. „Prosím, and not as secure as when he was chlothed. obleč se,“ zašeptala a podala mu kalhoty. „Pleas get dressed,“ she whispered to him, Vzal si je, oblékl a zase plakal. and handed him back his pants. He took them, he pulled them on, and went on crying.
51
„I’ll do just what you want,“ she said.
„Prostě udělám, co chceš,“ souhlasila.
„You won’t see him again?“ he said to her. „Už se s ním nesetkáš?“ „No, not once,“ she said. „Not ever again.“ „Ani jednou,“ řekla. „Už nikdy.“ „Walt has a cold,“ Garp said. „He „Walt má rýmu,“ řekl Garp. „Neměl by shouldn’t even be going out, but it’s not chodit ven, ale do kina to zvládne. too bad for him at a movie. And we won´t A nezdržíme se,“ dodal. be late,“ he added to her. „Go see if he’s „Jdi se podívat, jestli je dost oblečený,“ dressed warmly enough.“ She did.
poslal Helen pryč.
He opened her top drawer, where her Otevřel vrchní šuplík, kde měla spodní lingerie was, and pulled the drawer from prádlo, vytáhl ho z komody a zabořil the resser, he pushed his face into the obličej do té báječné hedvábnosti a vůně wonderful sikliness and scent of ther jejího prádla – jako medvěd,
který
clothes-like a bear holding a great trough v tlapách drží koryto se žrádlem a pak se of food in his forepaws, and then losing v něm ztrácí. Když se Helen vrátila himself in it. When Helen came back into a přistihla ho při tom, bylo to, jako by ho the room and caught him at this, it was chytla při masturbaci. Zahanbený, vzal almost
as
if
she’d
caught
him šuplík a přerazil ho o koleno, její prádlo se
masturbating. Emarassed, he brought the rozletělo. Zdvihl šuplík nad hlavu a mrštil drawer down across his knee and cracked s ním o komodu jako o hřbet nějakého it, her underwear flew about. He raised the stejně velkého zvířete. cracked drawer over his head and smacked it down against the edge of the dresser, snapping what felt like the spine of an animal about the size of the drawer.
52
p. 362
str. 362
[…]
[…]
Garp said to Helen, „He’s not to come „V žádném případě sem nevkročí, jestli ho here, under any circumstances. If you let pustíš do domu, živý se ven nedostane. him in this house, he won’t get out alive. A ty taky nikam nepůjdeš,“ varoval Garp And your’re not to go out,“ he said. Helen. „V žádném případě, prosím,“ dodal „Under any circumstances. Please,“ he a musel se od ní odvrátit. added, and he had to trun away from her. „Oh, darling,“ Hlen said.
„Ach, miláčku,“ vzdychala Helen.
„He’s such an asshole!“ Garp moaned.
„Ten hajzl!“ sykl Garp.
„It could never be anyone like you, don’t „Nikdy to nemohl být někdo jako ty, copak you see?“ Helen said. „It could only be to nechápeš“? řekla Helen. „Mohl to být someone who wasn’t at all like you.“
jenom někdo, kdo byl úplně jiný než ty.“
He thought of the baby-sitters and Alice Myslel na chůvy a Alici Fletchrovou a to, Fletcher, and his inexplicable attraction to jak ho nepochopitelně přitahovala paní Mrs. Ralph, …
Ralphová, …
p. 365
str. 365
[...]
[...]
„I can’t see you,“ Helen told him when she „Nemůžeme se sejít,“ řekla mu Helen po called. „It’s simple as that. It’s over, just telefonu. „Prostě to tak je, je konec, přesně the way I said it would be if he ever found tak, jak jsem říkala, že to bude, když se o out. I won’t hurt him any more than I nás dozví. Nechci mu ublížit ještě víc, než already have.“
už jsem mu ublížila.“
53
„What about me?“ Michael Milton said.
„A co já?“ ptal se Michael Milton.
„I’m sorry,“ Helen told him. „But you „Omlouvám se,“ řekla Helen. „Ale věděl knew. We both knew.“
jsi to, oba jsme to věděli.“
„I want to see you,“ he said. „Maybe „Chci tě vidět,“ naléhal. „Třeba zítra?“ tomorrow?“ But she told him that Garp had taken the Ale Helen mu řekla, že Garp vzal děti do kids to a movie for the sole purpose that kina jen proto, aby to s ním dnes ukončila. she finish it tonight. „I’m coming over,“ he told her.
„Jedu k tobě,“ řekl jí.
„Not here, no,“ she said.
„Ne, nejezdi sem,“ odmítla ho Helen.
„We’ll go for a drive,“ he told her.
„Projedem se,“ stále naléhal.
„I can’t go out, either,“ she said.
„Nemůžu jet pryč,“ řekla.
„I’m coming.“ Michael Milton said, and he „Jedu tam,“ řekl Michael Milton a zavěsil. hung up. Helen checked the time. It would Helen zkontrolovala čas. Říkala si, že be all right, she supposed, if she could get pokud se jí podaří dostat ho rychle pryč, him to leave quickly. Movies were at least bude to dobré. Film bude trvat nejmíň an hour and a half long. She decided she hodinu a půl. Rozhodla se, že ho nepustí wouldn’t let him in the house-not under dovnitř – v žádném případě. Sledovala any circumstances. She watched for the příjezdovou cestu, až se na ní objeví světla. headlights to come up the driveway, and A když Buick zastavil přímo před garáží when the Buick stopped-just in front of the jako velká loď u temného mola, vyběhla garage, like a big ship docking at a dark ven, a než je Michael Milton mohl otevřít, pier-she ran out of the house and pushed opřela se o dveře u řidiče. herself against tha driver’s-side door before Michael Milton could open it.
The rain was turning to a semisoft slush at Pod nohama se jí déšť měnil v břečku, her feet, and the icy drops were hardening a ledové kapky tuhly, ještě než dopadly. as they fell-they had some sting as they Když se sehnula k okénku, zmrzlé kapky ji struck her bare neck, when she bent over to bolestivě sekaly do nahého krku. Okamžitě speak to him through the rolled-down ji políbil, zkusila mu dát jen letmý polibek window. He immediately kissed her. She na tvář, ale otočil jí hlavu a cpal jí jazyk do tried to lightly peck his cheek but he turned pusy. Zase se jí vybavila ta omšelá ložnice 54
her face and forced his toungue into her v jeho bytě: veliký plakát nad postelí – mouth. All over again she waw the corny Námořník Sindibád od Paula Kleeho. bedroom in his apartment: the poster-sized Říkala si, že takhle asi viděl sám sebe: print above his bed-Paul Klee’s Sinbad the zkušený dobrodruh s citem pro krásu Sailor. She supposed this was how he saw Evropy. himslef: colorful adventurer, but sensitive to the beauty of Europe.
Helen pulled back from him and felt the Když se od něj Helen odtáhla, cítila, jak se cold rain soak her blouse.
jí zmrzlý déšť vsakuje do košile.
„We can’t just stop,“ he said, miserably. „Nemůžeme
to
prostě
skončit,“
řekl
Helen couldn´t tell if it was the rain nešťastně. Helen nevěděla, jestli to byl through the open window or tears that déšť nebo slzy, co se mu lesklo na obličeji. streaked his face. To her surprise, he had Dost ji překvapilo, že si oholil knír. Jeho shaved his mustache off, and his upper lip horní ret teď vypadal jako našpulený ret looked
slightly
like
the
puckered, dítěte, jako Waltův malý ret, který vypadal
undeveloped lip of a child-like Walt’s little roztomile na Waltovi, ale nebyl to ret, jaký lip, which looked lovely on Walt, Helen si představovala u milence, pomyslela si. thought, but it wasn’t her idea of the lip for a lover.
„What did you do to your mustache?“ she „Co sis to udělal s knírem?“ zeptala se. asked him.
„Myslel jsem, že se ti nelíbil,“ řekl.
„I thought you didn’t like it,“ he said. „I „Udělal jsem to kvůli tobě.“ did it for you.“ „But I liked it,“ she said, and shivered in „Ale mně se líbil,“ řekla a v tom ledovém the freezing rain.
dešti se celá oklepala.
„Please, get in with me,“ he said.
„Nasedni si ke mně, prosím.“
She shook her head, her blouse clung to Kroutila hlavou a košile se jí lepila na her cold skin and her long corduroy skirt ledovou kůži, její dlouhá manšestrová felt as heavy as chain mail, her tall boots sukně teď byla těžká jak okovy a kozačky 55
slipped in the stiffening slush.
jí v tuhnoucí břečce klouzaly.
„I won’t take you anywhere,“ he promised. „Nikam tě neodvezu,“ slíbil. „We’ll just sit here, in the car. We can’t „Budeme jen sedět v autě. Nemůžeme to just stop,“ he repeated.
přece jen tak skončit,“ zopakoval.
„We knew we’d have to,“ Helen said. „We „Věděli jsme, že budeme muset,“ řekla knew it was just for a little while.“
Helen. „Věděli jsme, že je to jen na chvíli.“
Michael Milton let his head sink against Michael Milton svěsil hlavu na klakson, the glinting ring of the horn, but there was který nevydal ani hlásku, Buick byl no sound, the big Buick was shut off. The vypnutý. Déšť začal namrzat na oknech rain began to stick to the windows-the car a auto se pomalu zahalovalo do ledu. was slowly being encased in ice.
„Please get in,“ Michael Milton moaned. „Prosím tě, nasedni si,“ škemral Michael „I’m not leaving here,“ he added, sharply. Milton. „Neodjedu odsud,“ dodal zostra. „I’m not afraid of him. I don’t have to do „Nebojím se ho. Nemusím dělat, co what he says.“
řekne.“
They had never talked about Garp, Helen Nikdy předtím o Garpovi nemluvili, Helen had forbidden it. She didn´t know what to zakázala. Nevěděla, co měl Michael Michael Milton meant.
Milton na mysli.
p. 369
str. 369
[…]
[…]
„Michael!“ she said sharply.
„Michaele!“ křikla.
„You said you alwasy wanted to,“ he „Říkalas, že jsi to vždycky chtěla udělat,“ reminded her.
připomněl jí.
„It’s over, Michael.“
„Je to pryč, Michaele.“
„Not yet, it isn’t,“ he said. His penis grazed „Ne, ještě ne,“ řekl. Jeho penis ji píchal do her forehead, bent her eyelashes, and she čela, ohýbal řasy a v tom poznala toho 56
recognized that this was the old Michael- starého Michaela – Michaela z bytu, the Michael of the apartment, the Michael Michaela, který se k ní občas rád choval who occasionally liked to treat her with hrubě. Teď se jí to nelíbilo. Jenže jestli some force. She did not appreciate it now. odmítne, pomyslela si, bude scéna. Musela But if I resist, she thought, there will be a si představit Garpa jako součást té scény, scene. She had only to imagine Garp as aby se přesvědčila, že by se jí měla part of the scene to convince herself that vyhnout za každou cenu. she should avoid any scene, at any cost.
„Don’t be a bastard, don´t be a prick, Nebuď hajzl, Michaele, nebuď idiot,“ Michael,“ she said. „Don’t spoil it.“
vztekala se. „Nekaž to.“
„You always said you wanted to,“ he said. „Říkalas, žes to vždycky chtěla.“ řekl. „But it wasn’t safe. The car isn’t even „Předtím se ti to zdálo nebezpečné. Ale teď moving. There can´t be any accidents se auto nehýbe, nemůže se nic stát,“ řekl now,“ he said.
Oddly, she realized, he had suddenly made Uvědomila si, jak paradoxně jí to ulehčil. it easier for her. She did not feel concerned Už ji nezajímalo, že by se s ním měla anymore with letting him down gently, she rozejít citlivě. Byla mu vděčná, že jí felt grateful to him that he had helped her pomohl si utřídit priority. S úlevou si to sort her priorities so forcefully. Her uvědomila, že její priority byly Garp a děti. priorities, she felt enormously relieved to Walt by v tomhle počasí neměl chodit ven, know, were Garp and her children. Walt pomyslela si a třásla se zimou. A Garp pro shouldn’t be out in this weather, she ni byl prvořadý, věděla to, přednější než thought, shivering. And Garp was more všichni její podřadní kolegové a maturanti major to her, she knew, than all her minor dohromady. collegues and graduate students together.
Michael Milton had allowed her to see Michael Milton jí dovolil, aby ho viděla himself with what struck Helen as a tak vulgárního. Udělej mu to, řekla si necessary vulgarity. Suck him off, she a dala si ho do pusy, pak odjede. Říkala si, thought bluntly, putting him into her že muži, když ejakulují, celkem rychle mouth, and then he´ll leave. She thought upouštějí od svých požadavků. A z její 57
bitterly that men, once they had ejaculated, zkušenosti
z bytu
Michaela
Miltona
were rather quick to abandon their věděla, že to nebude trvat dlouho. demands. And from her brief experience in Michael Milton’s apartment, Helen knew that this would not take long
Time was also a factor in her decision, Čas byl také důležitým faktorem v jejím there
was
at
least
twenty
minutes rozhodování,
zbývalo
nejméně
dvacet
remaining in even the shortest movie they minut. I kdyby šli na ten nejkratší film. could have gone to see. She set her mind to Přistupovala k tomu, jako by to byla it as she might have done if it were the last poslední špinavá práce, kterou musí udělat. task remaining to a messy business, which Mohlo to skončit lépe, ale taky ještě hůř. might have ended better but could also Byla pyšná, že si nakonec dokázala, že have turned out worse, she felt slightly rodina je její hlavní prioritou. I Garp by to proud that she had at least proved to mohl ocenit, pomyslela si, ne hned, ale herself that her family was her first jednoho dne by mohl. priority. Even Garp might appreciate this, she thought, but one day, not right away.
She was determined that she hardly noticed Byla tak odhodlaná, že si ani nevšimla, že Michael Milton’s grip loosen on her neck, už ji Michael Milton nedrží za krk, měl obě he returned both hands to the steering ruce na volantu, jako by řídil celou tuhle wheel, as if he were actually piloting this událost. Nech ho, ať si myslí, co chce, experience. Let him think what he wants to říkala si a myslela na svou rodinu. think, she thought. She was thinking of her Nevšimla si, že se déšť už skoro proměnil family, and she didn´t notice that the sleet v kroupy a tloukl do Buicku jako spousta was now nearly as hard as hail, it rattled kladiv zatloukajících hřebíčky. off the big Buick like the tapping of A nevnímala, jak to staré auto vrzalo countless hammers, driving little nails. a praskalo v tuhnoucí ledové hrobce. And she did not sense the old car groaning and snapping under thickening tomb of ice.
And she did not hear the telephone, ringing A neslyšela ani telefon, který zvonil 58
in her warm house. There was too much v jejím teplém domě. Mezi domem weather, and other interference, between a místem, kde ležela, bylo totiž tolik her house and where she lay.
klimatických a jiných rušivých vlivů.
Chapter 14
Kapitola 14
p. 376
str. 376
[…]
[…]
Duncan’s eye was gouged out when he was Duncan přišel o oko, když vletěl mezi flung forward between the bucket seats, the přední sedadla, odkrytá řadící páka byla uncoverd tip of the stick-shift shaft was the první, na co narazil. Garpova pravá ruka, first thing to break his fall. Garp’s right která se natahovala do mezery mezi arm, reaching into the gap between the sedadly, přišla pozdě. Duncan pod ní seats, was too late, Duncan passed under it, propadl a vypíchl si tak pravé oko a zlomil putting out his right eye and breaking three si tři prsty pravé ruky, která se mu fingers of his right hand, which was napasovala do pojistky bezpečnostních jammed
into
the
seat-belt
release pásů.
mechanism.
By no one’s estimate could the Volvo have Jeden by řekl, že Volvo jelo maximálně been moving faster that twenty-five – at patnáct až dvacet kilometrů za hodinu, ale the most, thirty-five – miles per hour, but následky
střetnutí
byly
neuvěřitelné.
the collision was astonishing. The three- Třítunový Buick se nepohnul ani ton Buick did not yield quite an inch to o centimetr. Uvnitř Volva byly děti jak Garp’s coasting car. Inside the Volvo the vajíčka, která ve chvíli nárazu vypadla children were like eggs out of the egg box z krabice do nákupní tašky. – loose inside the shopping bag – at the moment of impact. Even inside the Buick, the jolt had Ale i uvnitř Buicku měl náraz překvapivou suprisingly ferocity.
sílu.
59
Helen’s head was flung forward, narrowly Helen to hodilo hlavou a jen o kousek missing the steering column, which caught minula volant, který ji uhodil do krku. Děti her at the back of her neck. Many zápasníků mívají tuhý krk, protože se wrestler’s children have hardy necks, Helen nezlomil – ale stejně musela téměř because Helen’s did not break – though she šest týdnů nosit sádrový límec a záda ji wore a brace for almost six weeks, and her budou zlobit do konce života. Také si back would bother her the rest of her life. zlomila pravou klíční kost, možná to bylo Her right collarboe was broken, perhaps by tím, jak Michael Milton zdvihl koleno, the rising slam of Michael Milton´s knee, měla rozseknutou nosní přepážku – měla and her nose was gashed across the bridge tam šest stehů – to musela být spona od – requiring nine stitches – by what must jeho pásku. Helen to tak prudce zavřelo have been Michael Milton´s belt buckle. ústa, že si zlomila dva zuby a potřebovala Helen’s mouth was snapped shut with such i pár stehů na jazyku. force that she broke two teeth and required two neat stitches in her tongue.
At first she thought she had bitten her Nejdřív si myslela, že si ukousla kus tongue off, because she could feel it jazyka, protože cítila, že jí něco plavalo swiming in her mouth, which was full of v puse, kterou měla plnou krve, ale tak blood, but her head ached so severly that strašně ji bolela hlava, že se bála otevřít she didn’t dare open her mouth, until she ústa, dokud se nemusela nadechnout. had to breathe, and she couldn’t move her Nemohla hýbat pravou rukou. Tak vyplivla right arm. She spat what she thought was to, co si myslela, že je její jazyk, do dlaně her tongue into the palm of her left hand. It levé ruky. Samozřejmě to nebyl její jazyk. wasn’t her tongue, of course. It was what Bylo to to, co činilo tři čtvrtiny penisu amounted to three quarters of Miachal Michaela Mitona. Milton’s penis.
The warm wash of blood over her face felt, Teplá krev na tváři jí připadala jako to Helen, like gasoline, she began to benzín, začala křičet – ne kvůli sobě, ale scream –not for her own safety, but for kvůli Garpovi a dětem. Věděla, co narazilo Garp’s and the children’s. She knew what do Buicku. Začala bojovala, aby se dostala had hit the Buick. She struggled to get out z klína Michaela Miltona. Musela se jít 60
of Michael Milton’s lap because she had to podívat, co se stalo její rodině. Na podlahu see what had happened to her family. She Buicku upustila to, co si myslela, že je její dropped what she thought was her tongue jazyk. Levou rukou odstrkovala Michaela on the floor of the Buick and with her good Miltona, jeho klín ji přitiskl k volantu. V tu left arm she punched Michael Milton, chvíli uslyšela vedle svého ještě další křik. whose lap pinned her against the steering Michael Milton samozřejmě křičel, ale column. It was only then that she heard Helen slyšela ještě dál – do Volva. Byla si other screams above her own. Michael jistá, že to je Duncan. Levou rukou se Milton was screaming, of course, but snažila
probojovat
přes
Michaelův
Helen heard beyond him – to the Volvo. krvácející klín ke klice. Když se dveře That was Duncan who was screaming, she otevřely,
vystrčila
Michaela
Miltona
was sure, and Helen fought her left arm z Buicku, cítila se neuvěřitelně silná. across Michael Milton’s bleeding lap to the Michael
se
ze
své
sedící
polohy
door handle. When the door opened, she nenarovnal, ležel na boku v mrznoucí pushed Michael out of the Buick, she felt břečce, jako by stále seděl za volantem, incredibly strong. Michael never once řval a krvácel jako vůl. corrected
his
bent-double,
sitting-up
position, he lay on his side in the freezing slush as if he were still in the driver´s seat, though he bellowed and bled like a steer.
When the door light came on in the huge Když se v obrovském Buicku rozsvítilo, Buick, Garp could dimly see the gore in Garp jakoby v mlze uviděl i pohromu ve the Volvo – Duncan’s steaming face, split Volvu
–
Duncanovu
horkou
tvář
with his gaping wail. Garp began to pokřivenou strašným kvílením. Garp začal bellow, too, but his bellow issued forth no taky naříkat, ale jeho nářek nebyl hlasitější louder than a whimper, his own, odd sound než fňukání, jeho vlastní divný zvuk ho tak scared him so much that he tried to talk vyděsil, že se snažil jemně promluvit na softly to Duncan. It was then Garp realized Duncana. A v té chvíli si Garp uvědomil, he couldnt’ talk.
že nemůže mluvit.
61
Chapter 8
Kapitola 8
p. 213
str. 213
[…]
[…]
One of them was Harrison Fletcher, his Harrison Fletcher byl jedním z nich, field was the Victorian Novel, but Helen vyučoval
viktoriánský román, ale Helen
liked him for other reasons – among them: ho měla ráda i z jiných důvodů – mimo he was also married to a writer. Her name jiné: jeho žena byla spisovatelka jako was Alice, she was also working on her Garp. Jmenovala se Alice a také zrovna second
novel,
although
she’d
never pracovala na svém druhém románu, i když
finished her first. When the Garps met her, ten první nikdy nedokončila. Když se s ní they thought she could easily be mistaken Garpovi seznámili, říkali si, že bylo snadné for an Ellen Jamesian – she simply didn’t si ji splést s členkou skupiny Ellen talk. Harrison, whom Garp called Harry, Jemesové – vůbec nemluvila. Harrisonovi, had never been called Harry before – but kterému Garp říkal Harry, nikdo předtím he liked Garp and he appeared to enjoy his Harry neříkal. Měl ale rád Garpa a zdálo new name as if it were a present Garp had se, že si nové jméno užívá, jako by to byl given to him. Helen would continue to call dárek, který dostal od Garpa. Helen mu him Harrison, but to Garp he was Harry říkala Harrisone, ale pro Garpa to byl Fletcher. He was Garp’s first friend, Harry Fletcher. Byl Garpův přítel, přestože though Garp and Harrison both sensed that oba cítili, že Harrison měl radši Heleninu Harrison preferred Helen’s company.
společnost.
Neither Helen nor Garp knew what to Ani Helen, ani Garp nevěděli, co si o Tiché make of Quiet Alice, as they called her. Alici, jak jí říkali, myslet. „Musí na té „She must be writing one hell of a book,“ knížce dělat jako šílená,“ říkal často Garp. Garp often said. „It’s taken all her word „A pak už asi nemá co říct.“ away.“
The Fletchers had one child, a daughter Fletcherovi měli jedno dítě, dceru, která 62
whose age put her awkwardly between byla věkem tak někde mezi Duncanem Duncan and Walt, it was implied that they a Waltem. Říkali, že by chtěli další. Ale wanted another. But the book, Alice’s kniha, Alicin druhý román, přišel dřív. second novel, came first, when it was over, Říkali, že až bude hotový, budou mít druhé they would have a second child, they said.
The
couples
had
dinner
dítě.
together Čas od času si spolu dali večeři, ale
occasionally, but the Fletchers were strictly Fletcherovi byli zásadně nevařící lidi, což cookout people – which is to say neither of znamená, že ani jeden z nich nevařil. Garp them cooked – and Garp was in a period byl zrovna v období, kdy si pekl i vlastní where he baked his own bread, he had a chléb a v hrnci stále něco bublalo. Helen stockpot always simmering on the stove. a Harrison si většinou povídali o knížkách, Mostly, Helen and Harrison discussed učení
a
kolezích.
Obědvali
spolu
books, teaching, and they colleagues, they v univerzitní jídelně a večer si dlouze ate lunch together at the university union, povídali po telefonu. Garp a Harry spolu they conversed – at lenght – in the evening, chodili na fotbalové, zápasnické on the phone. And Garp and Harry went to a basketbalové zápasy. Třikrát týdně hráli football games, the basketball games, and squash, což byla Harryho hra, byl to jediný the wrestling meets, three times a week sport, který dělal. Ale Garp s ním mohl they played squash, which was Harry’s klidně hrát, protože byl lepší sportovec game – his only sport – but Garp could a s lepší postavou, kterou si pěstoval play even with him simply because Garp jeho běháním. Samou radostí z těchto her was a better athlete, in better shape from Garp potlačil i svoji nechuť k míčovým all his running. For the pleasure of these hrám. games, Garp suppressed his dislike of balls.
In the second year of this friendship, Harry Když uplynuly dva roky, co se přátelili, told Garp that Alice liked to go to movies. řekl Harry Garpovi, že Alice ráda chodí do „I don’t,“ Harry admitted, „but if you do – kina. „Já kino rád nemám,“ přiznal se and Helen said that you did – why not take Harry, „ale jestli ty ano – a Helen říkala, že Alice?“
máš – tak bys tam mohl Alice vzít.“
63
Alice
Fletcher
giggled
at
movies, Alice Fletcherová se v kině chichotala
especially serious movies, she shook her obzvláště při vážných filmech a udiveně head in disbelief at almost everything she kroutila hlavou téměř nad vším, co viděla. saw. It took months for Garp to realize that Až po několika měsících si Garp uvědomil, Alice had something of an impediment of a že Alice má nějakou vadu řeči, zvlášť když nervous defect in her speech, perhaps it je nervózní. Šlo asi o nějaký psychologický was psychological. At first Garp thought it blok. Nejdřív si myslel, že je to tím was the popcorn.
popcornem.
„You have a speech problem, I think, „Alice, myslím si, že máš nějakou vadu Alice,“ he said, driving her home one řeči,“ řekl jí, když ji jednou večer vezl night.
domů.
„Yeth,“ she said, nodding her head. Often „Ano,“ přikývla. Často to bylo jen lehké it was a simple lisp, sometimes it was zašišlání. A někdy mluvila úplně zřetelně. completely wasn’t
different.
there.
Occasionally,
Excitement
seemed
it Zdálo se, že vzrušení to ještě zhoršuje. to
aggravate it.
„How’s the book coming?“ he asked her.
„Jak to jde s knížkou?“ ptal se Garp.
„Good,“ she said. At one movie she had „Dobfe,“ řekla. Jednou, když byli v kině, blurted
out
that
she’d
liked se prořekla, že se jí líbilo jeho Váhání.
Procrastination.
„Do you want me to read any of your „Chceš, abych si přečetl některou z tvých work?“ Garp asked her.
prací?“ zeptal se jí Garp.
„Yeth,“ she said, her small head bobbing. „Jiftě,“ kývala svojí malou hlavičkou. She sat with her short, strong fingers Seděla a jejími malými, krátkými prsty crushing her skirt in her lap, the way Garp si mnula sukni na stehně, přesně tak, jak to had seen her daughter crinkle her clothes – Garp viděl u její dcery. Někdy si rolovala the child would sometimes rool her skirt, sukýnku jako roletu až nad kalhotky (Alice like a window shade, right up above her ale až tam nedošla). 64
panties (though Alice stopped short of this.)
„Was it an accident?“ Garp asked her. „Měla jsi nehodu?“ zeptal se jí Garp. „Your speech problem. Or wre you born „Myslím tvou vadu řeči. Nebo je to with it?“
vrozené?“
„Born with,“ Alice said. The car stopped at „Vrozené,“ řekla Alice. Garp zastavil před the Fletchers’ house and Alice tugged Fletchrovým domem a Alice ho chytla za Garp’s arm. She opened her mouth and paži. Otevřela ústa a ukázala dovnitř, jako pointed inside, as if this would explain by to mělo vše vysvětlit. Garp viděl řady everything. Garp saw the rows of small, malých krásných zubů a čistý jazyk, který perfect teeth and a tongue that was fat and vypadal jako jazyk dítěte. Nic zvláštního fresh-looking like the tongue of a child. He neviděl, v autě byla tma, a ani nevěděl, co could see nothing peculiar, but it was dark zvláštního by měl vidět. Když Alice in the car, and he wouldn’t have known zavřela ústa, viděl, že pláče a zároveň se what was peculiar if he’d seen it. When usmívá, jako kdyby tento čin sebeodhalení Alice closed her mouth, he saw she was vyžadoval obrovskou důvěru. Garp kýval crying – and also smiling, as if this act of hlavou, jako kdyby všemu rozuměl. lef-exposure had required enormous trust. Garp nodded his head as if he understood everything.
„I see,“ he mumbled. She wiped her tears „Rozumím,“ zamumlal. Hřbetem jedné with the back of one hand, squeezed his ruky si utřela slzy a druhou držela Garpovu hand wiht her other.
ruku.
„Harrithon is having an affair,“ she said.
„Harryfon má poměr,“ řekla.
Garp knew that Harry wasn’t having an Garp si byl jistý, že Harry nemá poměr affair with Helen, but he didn’t know what s Helen, ale nevěděl, co si chudák Alice poor Alice thought.
myslí.
„Not with Helen,“ Garp said.
„Ne s Helen,“ řekl. 65
„Na, na,“ Alice said, shaking her head. „Ne, ne,“ kroutila Alice hlavou. „Thumone elth.“
„F někým jiným.“
„Who?“ Garp asked.
„S kým?“ chtěl vědět Garp.
„A student!“ Alice wailed. „A thtupid little „Fe ftudentkou!“ kňučela Alice. „F blbou malou fprtkou!“ twat!“ It had been a couple of of years since Garp Už to bylo pár let, co Garp ošmakoval had molested Little Squab Bones, but in mladé maso, v té době se zapletl s každou that time he had indulged himself in one chůvou, je hanba, že zapomněl i jméno té other baby-sitter, to his shame, he had even poslední. Popravdě cítil, že na chůvy bude forgotten her name. He felt, honestly, that mít chuť už vždycky. Soucítil s Harrym, baby-sitters were and appetite he was byl to jeho přítel a byl to taky Helenin forever through with. Yet he sympathized důležitý přítel. Ale také soucítil s Alicí. with Harry – Harry was his friend, and he Alice byla k pomilování, měla v sobě něco was and important friend to Helen. He also jako vnitřní zranitelnost, která byla tak sympathized with Alice. Alice was alertly viditelná jako příliš těsný svetr na jejím lovable, a kind of terminal vunerability pěkném těle. was clearly a part of her, and she wore it as visibly as a too-tight sweater on her compact body.
„I’m sorry,“ Garp said. „Can I do „Je mi to líto,“ řekl Garp. „Můžu něco anything?“
udělat?“
„Tell him to thtop,“ Alice said.
„Fekni mu, ať toho nechá,“ řekla Alice.
It had never been hard for Garp to stop, but Nechat toho nebylo pro Garpa nikdy he had never been a teacher – with složité,
ale
nikdy
nebyl
učitel,
se
„thtudents“ on his mind, or on his hands. ftudenkami v hlavě, nebo v rukou. Možná Perhaps what Harry was involved with was to, do čeho se Harry zapletl, bylo něco something else. The only thing Garp could jiného. Jediné, na co Garp mohl myslet, think of – that would perhaps make Alice bylo skutečnost, že by Alici asi pomohlo, feel better – was to confess his own kdyby se přiznal k vlastním nevěrám. mistakes. 66
„It happens, Alice,“ he said.
„Alice, to se stává,“ řekl jí.
„Not to you,“ Alice said.
„Tobě ne,“ omítla.
„Twice to me,“ Garp said. She looked at „Mně už dvakrát,“ odvětil jí Garp. him, shocked.
Šokovaně na něj pohlédla.
„Tell the truth,“ she insisted.
„Fekni mi pravdu,“ naléhala.
„The truth,“ he said, „is that it happeded „Pravda je,“ řekl, „že se mi to stalo už twice. A baby sitter, both times.“
dvakrát. V obu případech to byly naše
„But they wren’t important,“ Garp said. „I chůvy.“ love Helen.“
„Ale nebyly pro mě důležité,“ řekl Garp. „Miluji Helen.“
„Thith is important,“ Alice said. „He hurt „Tohle je důležité,“ namítla Alici. „Ublížil me. And I can’t white.“
mi. Nemůžu pfát.“
Garp knew about writer who couldn’t Garp znal spisovatele, kteří nemohli pfát, white, this made Garp love Alice, on the kvůli tomu si Garp Alice okamžitě spot.
zamiloval.
„Fucking Harry is having an affair,“ Garp „Ten pitomec Harry má poměr,“ řekl Garp told Helen.
Helen.
„I know,“ Helen said. „I’ve told him to „Já vím,“ odvětila Helen. „Říkala jsem mu, stop, but he keeps going back for more. ať toho nechá, ale nedá si říct. Ani není She’s not even a very good student.“
moc chytrá.“
„What can we do?“ Garp asked her.
„Co můžeme dělat?“ ptal se Garp.
„Fucking lust,“ Hlen said. „Your mother „Posranej chtíč,“ zlobila se Helen. „Tvoje was right. It’s a man’s problem. You talk matka měla pravdu. Je to chlapský to him.“
problém. Promluv s ním ty.“
„Alice told me about your baby-sitters,“ „Alice mi řekla o tvých chůvách,“ řekl Harry told Garp. „It’s not the same. This is Harry Garpovi. „To není to samé. Tohle je 67
a special girl.“
výjimečné děvče.“
„A student, Harry,“ Garp said. „Jesus „Studentka, Harry,“ namítal Garp. „KristeChrist.“
pane.“ „Výjimečná studentka,“ řekl Harry.
„A special student,“ Harry said. „I’m not „Nejsem jako ty. Byl jsem čestný, hned like you. I’ve been honest, I’ve told Alice jsem to řekl Alici. Jenom se s tím musí frot
the
first.
She’s
just
got
to smířit. Řekl jsem jí, že to taky může
accommodate it. I’ve told her she’s free to udělat.“ do this, too.“
„She knows you,“ Harry told him. „And „Zná tě,“ řekl mu Harry. „A je do tebe she’s in love with you.“
zamilovaná.“
„What can we do?“ Garp asked Helen. „Co budeme dělat?“ ptal se Garp Helen. „He’s trying to set me up with Alice so „Snaží se mě dát do hromady s Alicí, myslí he’ll feel better about what he’s doing.“
si, že se pak bude cítit líp.“
„At last he’s been honest with her,“ Hlen „Aspoň k ní byl upřímný,“ řekla mu Helen. told Garp. There was one of those silences Byla tu jedna z těch tichých nocí, v které wherein a family can identify its separate, můžete slyšet dech jednotlivých členů breathing parts in the night. Open doors off rodiny. Z otevřených dveří do chodby je an upstairs hall: Duncan breathing lazily, slyšet Duncan, jak líně oddechuje, dech an almost-eight-year-old with lots of time téměř osmiletého dítěte s celým životem to live, Walt breathing those tentative two- před sebou. Waltův dech je nesmělý, year-old breaths, short and excited, Helen, dvouletý chlapec dýchá krátce a vzrušeně. even and cool. Garp held his breath. He Helen dýchá klidně a chladně. Garp svůj knew she knew about the baby-sitters.
dech zadržuje. Ví, že Helen ví o chůvách.
„Harry told you?“ he asked.
„Řekl ti to Harry?“ zeptal se.
„You might have told me before you told „Měl jsi mi to říct, než jsi to pověděl Alice,“ Helen said. „Who was the second Alici,“ odpověděla Helen. „Kdo byla ta one?“
druhá?“
68
„I forgot her name,“ Garp admitted.
„Zapomněl jsem její jméno,“ přiznal Garp.
„I think it’s shabby,“ Helen said. „It’s „Je to ubohý,“ řekla Helen. „Je to pod mou really beneath me, it’s beneath you. I hope úroveň, i pod tvou. Doufám, že jsi z toho you’ve outgrown it.“
vyrostl.“
„Yes, I have,“ Garp said. He meant he had „Ano, vyrostl,“ řekl Garp a myslel tím, že outgrown baby-sitters. But lust itself? Ah, vyrostl z chův. Ale chtíč samotný? No well. Jenny Fields had fingered a problem dobrá. Jenny Fieldsová odhalila problém at the her son’s heart.
v srdci svého syna.
„We’ve got to help Fletchers,“ Helen said.
„Musíme Fletchrovým pomoct,“ řekla Helen.
„We’re too fond of them to do nothing „Máme je moc rádi na to, abychom nic about this.“
neudělali.“
Helen, Garp marveled, moved through Helen, říkal si Garp, proplouvala životem, their life together as if it wre and essay she jako by to byla esej, kterou sama psala. Se was structuring – with an introduction, a vším, co k takové eseji patří, s úvodem, presentation of basic priorities, then the který vypovídá o základních prioritách, a thesis.
pak samotná esej.
„Harry thinks the student is special,“ Garp „Harry si myslí, že ta studentka je pro něj pointed out.
výjimečná,“ připomenul Garp.
„Fucking men,“ Hlen said. „You look after „Podělaní chlapi,“ zlobila se Helen. „Ty se Alice, I’ll show Harrison what’s special.“
postaráš o Alici a já ukážu Harrisonovi, co je výjimečné.“
So one night, after Garp had cooked an Takže jednou večer, když Garp uvařil elegant Paprika Chicken and spätzle, Helen skvělé kuře na paprice, řekla mu Helen, said to Garp, „Harrison and I will do the „Harrison a já umyjeme nádobí, ty vezmi dishes. You take Alice home.“
Alici domů.“ 69
„Take her home?“ Garp said. „Now?“
„Vzít ji domů?“ nechápal Garp. „Teď?“
„Show him your novel,“ Helen said to „Ukaž mu tvůj román,“ řekla Helen Alici. Alice. „Show him everything you want. „Ukaž mu, co budeš chtít. Já ukážu tvému I’m going to show your husband what an manželovi, jaký je hlupák.“ asshole he is.“
„Hey, come on,“ Harry said. „We’re all „No tak,“ snažil se Harry uklidnit Helen. friends, we all want to stay friends, right?“ „Všichni jsme přátelé a chceme přáteli zůstat, že ano?“
„You simple son of a bitch,“ Helen told „Ty ubohej bastarde,“ supěla Helen. him. „You fuck a student and call her „Pícháš studentku a říkáš, že je výjimečná, special-you insult your wife, you insult me. urážíš tím svou ženu, a urážíš i mě. Ukážu I’ll show you what’s special.“
ti, co je výjimečné.“
„Go easy, Helen,“ Garp said.
„Helen, uklidni se,“ snažil se Garp.
„Go with Alice,“ Helen said. „And let „Jdi s Alicí,“ přikázala mu Helen. „A nech Alice drive her own baby-sitter home.“
ji, ať chůvu odveze domů sama.“
„Hey, come on!“ Harrison Flethcer said.
„Ale no tak!“ Harrison Fletcher se stále
„Shut up, Harrithon!“ Alice said. She snažil uklidnit situaci. grabbed Garp’s hand and stood up from the „Fklapni, Harrifne!“ křičela Alice. Chytla table.
Garpa za ruku a vstala od stolu.
„Fucking men,“ said Helen. Garp, as „Podělaní chlapi,“ řekla Helen. Garpovi speechless as an Ellen Jamesioan, took teď nejak chyběla slova jako stoupenkyním Alice home.
Elen Jamesové; odvezl Alice domů.
„I can take the baby-sitter home, Alice,“ he „Alice, můžu chůvu odvézt,“ nabídl se said.
Garp.
„Jutht get back fatht,“ Alice said.
„Vuať se bzy,“ prosila Alice.
„Very fast. Alice.“ Garp said.
„Budu tu hned,“ slíbil Garp. 70
She made him read the first chapter of her Chtěla, aby jí přečetl první kapitolu jejího novel aloud to her. „I want to hear it,“ she románu nahlas. „Chci to flyšet,“ řekla mu, told him, „and I can’t thay it myslelf.“ So „a nemůžu to udělat fama.“ A tak jí Garp Garp said it to her, it read, he was relieved četl. S úlevou zjišťoval, že se to čte moc to her, beautifully. Alice wrote her pěkně. Alice tvořila věty bezmyšlenkovitě sentence,
unselfconsciously,
and
they a zněly skvěle.
would have sounded fine.
„You have a lovely voice, Alice,“ he told „Máš krásný hlas, Alice,“ řekl jí a ona se her, and she cried. And they made love, of rozplakala. Samozřejmě se pomilovali course, and despite what everyone knows a kromě toho, co každý o těchto věcech ví, about such things, it was special.
to bylo výjimečné.
„Wasn’t it?“ asked Alice.
„No a nebylo?“ ptala se Alice.
„Yes, it was,“ Garp admitted.
„Ano bylo,“ připustil Garp.
Now, he thought, here is a trouble.
Věděl, že teď nastal problém.
„What can we do?“ Helen asked Garp. She „Co budeme dělat?“ ptala se Helen Garpa. had made Harrison Fletcher forget his Přiměla Harrisona Fletchera, aby zapomněl “special” student, Harrison now thought na jeho „výjimečnou“ studentku. Harrison that Helen was the most special in his life.
si teď myslel, že tou nejvýjimečnější ženou v jeho životě je Helen.
„You started it,“ Garp said to her. „If it’s „Ty jsi to začala,“ odpověděl Garp. „Jestli going to stop, you’ve got to stop it, I to má přestat, tak to musíš zastavit ty.“ think.“
„That’s easy to say,“ Helen said. „I like „To se lehce řekne,“ namítla Helen. „Mám Harrison, he’s my best friend, and I don’t Harrisona ráda, je to můj nejlepší přítel want to lose that. I’m just not very a nechci ho ztratit. Jen nějak zvlášť interested in sleeping with him.“
nestojím o to, abych s ním spala.“
71
„He’s interested,“ Garp said.
„Ale on o to stojí,“ řekl Garp.
„God, I know,“ Helen said.
„Já vím, proboha,“ odvětila Helen.
„He thinks you’re the best friend he’s „Myslí si, že jsi ta nejlepší přítelkyně, had,“ Garp told her.
jakou kdy měl,“ řekl jí Garp.
„Oh, great,“ Helen said. „That must be „No skvělý,“ řekla Helen. „To musí být lovely for Alice.“
pro Alici paráda.“
„Alice isn’t thinking about it,“ Garp said. „Alice o tom nepřemýšlí,“ řekl Garp. Alice Alice was thinking about Garp, Garp přemýšlela jen o Garpovi, Garp to věděl knew, and Garp was afraid the whole thing a bál se, že celá ta věc skončí. Často si would stop. There were times when Garp říkal, že Alice byla ta nejlepší, jakou kdy thought that Alice was the best he’d ever měl. had.
„And what about you?“ Helen asked him. „A co ty?“ ptala se Helen. („Nothing is equal,“ Garp would write, one („Nic není stejné,“ napíše Garp jednoho day.)
dne.)
„I’m fine,“ Garp said. „I like Alice, I like „Já jsem v pohodě,“ odpověděl Garp. you, I like Harry.“
„Mám rád Alici, mám rád tebe, mám rád Harryho.“
„And Alice?“ Helen asked.
„A Alice?“ ptala se Helen.
„Alice likes me,“ Garp said.
„Alice má ráda mě,“ odpověděl Garp.
„Oh boy,“ Helen said. „So we all like each „Páni,“
vzdychla
Helen.
„Takže
se
other, except that I don’t care that much for navzájem máme všichni rádi, akorát já sleeping with Harrison.“
nestojím o to spát s Harrisonem.“
„It’s over,“ Garp said, trying to hide the „Je to pryč,“ řekl Garp a snažil se zakrýt gloom in his voice. Alcie had cried to him smutek v hlase. Alice plakala a křičela, že that it could never ve over. („Could it? to nikdy nemůže skončit. („Že ne? Že ne?“ Could it?“ she had cried. „I can’t jutht plakala. „Nemůžu poftě fkončit!“) thtop!“) 72
„Well, isn’t it still better than it was?“ „Dobrá, není to pořád lepší, než to bylo?“ Helen asked Garp.
ptala se Helen Garpa.
„You made you point,“ Garp said. „You „Svůj
úkol
jsi
splnila,“
řekl
Garp.
got Harry off his damn students. Now „Odpoutala jsi Harryho od jeho blbejch you’ve just got to let him down easy.“
studentek. Teď už to s ním musíš jen skončit.“
„And what about you and Alice?“ Helen „A co ty a Alice?“ ptala se Helen. asked.
„Pokud to skončilo pro jednoho z nás,
„If it’s over for one of us, it’s over for all skončilo to pro všechny,“ řekl Garp. of us,“ Garp said. „That’s only fair.“
„Jenom tak je to fér.“
„I know what’s fair,“ Helen said. „I also „Já vím, co je fér,“ řekla Helen. „Taky know what’s human.“
The
good-byes
conducting
with
that Alice
vím, co je lidské.“
Garp
imagined Loučení
were
s
violent představoval,
Alicí, mělo
které divoké
si
Garp scénáře,
scenarios, fraught with Alice’s incoherent provázené Alicinou nesrozumitelnou řečí speech and always ending in desperate a vždycky končící v zoufalém milování. To lovemking-another failed resolution, wet bylo další nepovedené rozhodnutí, zpocené with sweat and sweet with the lush stickum a sladké, s tou úžasnou lepkavostí sexu, of sex, oh yeath.
ach jo.
„I think Alice is a little loony,“ Hlen said.
„Myslím si, že Alice je tak trochu šílená,“
„Alice is a pretty good writer,“ Garp said. řekla Helen. „Alice je dobrá spisovatelka,“ „She’s the real thing.“
řekl Garp. „Vážně je dobrá.“
„Fucking writers,“ Helen mumbled.
„Podělaní spisovatelé“ mumlala Helen.
„Harry doesn’t appreciate how talented „Harry neumí ocenit její talent,“ slyšel se Alice is,“ Garp heard himself say.
říkat Garp. 73
„Oh boy,“ Helen murmured. „This is the „Hochu, hochu,“ vzdychla Helen. „To je last time I try to save anyone’s marriage naposledy, co se snažím zachraňovat jiné except my own.“
než moje manželství.“
It took six months for Helen to let Harry Helen trvalo šest měsíců než se s Harrym down easy, and in that time Garp saw as rozešla. Mezitím se Garp a Alice vídali tak much of Alice as he could, while still často, jako to jen šlo. Garp se ji stále snažil trying to forewarn her that their foursome připravit na to, že jejich vztah je jen was going to be short-lived. He also tried krátkodobý. Snažil se na to taky připravit to forewarn himself, because he dreaded sebe, protože ho děsilo vědomí, že se bude the knowledge that he would have to give muset Alice vzdát. Alice up.
„It’s not the same, for all four of us,“ he „Není to pro nás pro všechny stejné,“ řekl told Alice. „It will have to stop, and pretty jednou Alici. „Bude to muset skončit, soon.“
a pěkně brzo.“
„Tho what?“ Alice said. „It hasn’t thtopped „A puoč?“ nechápala Alice. „Ještě to yet, has it?
nefkončilo, že ne?“
„Not yet,“ Garp admitted. He read all her „Ještě ne,“ souhlasil Garp. Přečetl jí written words aloud to her, and they made všechno, co napsala a milovali se tak často, love so much he stung in the shower and že ho to pálilo ve sprše a při běhání nemohl couldn’t stand to wear a jock when he ran.
nosit suspenzor.
„We’ve got to do and do it,“ Alice said, „Musíme to dělat a dělejme to,“ rozhodla fervently.
Alice.
„Do it while we can.“
„Dělejme to, dokud můžeme.“
„You know, this can’t last,“ Garp tried to „Vždyť víš, že to nemůže pokračovat,“ warn harry, while they were playing snažil se Garp varovat Harryho na squashi. squash.
„Já vím, já vím,“ souhlasil Harry, „ale 74
„I know, I know,“ Harry said, „but it’s naposledy je to skvělé, že?“ great while at last, isn’t it?“
„Isn’t it?“ Alice demanded. Did Garp love „No a není?“ naléhala Alice. Miloval Garp Alice? Oh yeth.
Alici? Ach ano.
„Yes, yes,“ Garp said, shaking his head. „Ano, ano,“ kýval Garp hlavou. Myslel si, He thought he did.
že ano.
But Helen, enjoying it the least of them, Ale Helen, která si to užívala ze všech suffered it the most, when she finally nejméně, trpěla ze všech nejvíce. Když to called an end to it, she couldn’t help but konečně skončilo, nemohla si pomoct, aby show her euphoria. The other three neukázala svoji radost. Ostatní tři si couldn’t help but show their resentment…
nemohli
pomoct,
zklamání…
75
aby
neukázali
své
CONCLUSION As I was asking questions at the begining of this work I would like to conclude the thesis with answers.
As one can learn from this thesis many theories on differences between women’s and men’s language has been written but nothing in particular has been proved. There are only pieces of the language where the women’s and men’s use of the language differs. But these pieces were very important for this work where I tried to prove that the translation done by a man and translation done by a woman differs according to particular patterns of language. For the analysis of my and Nenadál’s translation the theory presented by Lakoff was used. The aim of the analysis was to show how woman’s and man’s translations are different. Eventhough it was proved that in my and Nenadál’s translation are many differences according to Lakoff’s theory of women’s language features, it was found out that there is also a highly important factor of time in which the translation is done as well. And it is a generation gap which is in some cases even more significiant than the factor of women’s language use.
From above mentioned the other questions can be answered as well. This thesis is not particularly important for any scientific reason because only what had been found out earlier was proved to be right and it was shown on a particular piece of translation. But this thesis was mainly important for me as an author. I learnt that not only the differences between women’s and men’s language influence the translation but the factor of time is in some cases even stronger. This taught me to consider more than one theory when preparing any formal work. And finally I am very glad that I could choose this topic for my diploma thesis. I found it really worthy and very rewarding to translate parts of the book The World According to Garp. I did enjoy every minute of it. It was not only a good translating experience but also a very interesting look into translation studies. After this experience I know that if there was a possibility to choose I would prefer translating to teaching English.
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RESUMÉ Diplomová práce „Role mužského a ženského jazyka v překladu: Svět Podle Garpa, John Irving“ pojednává o roli pohlaví v překladatelství. Práce je rozdělena do dvou částí, teoretická část zahrnuje a rozebírá různé teorie o roli pohlaví v překladatelství, o historii žen v překladatelství a feministické teorie na dané téma. Lakoffova teorie znaků ženského jazyka je podložena analýzou překladu knihy Johna Irvinga Svět Podle Garpa, kdy jedním překladatelem je Radoslav Nenadál a druhou překladatelkou já. Praktická část obsahuje můj překlad knihy.
RESUMÉ Diploma thesis „Male and Female Language in Translation Studies: The World According to Garp by John Irving “ deals with the role of gender in translation studies. The thesis is devided into two parts the theoretical part covers and discusses different theories on the role of gender in translation studies, on history of women in translation studies and feminist theories in this area. Lakoff’s theory of features of women’s language is supported by the analysis of my and Radoslav Nenadál’s translation of John Irving’s book The World According to Garp. The practical part includes my translation of the book.
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BIOGRAPHY: KNITTLOVÁ, Dagmar. K teorii a praxi překladu. Olomouc: UP , 2000. ISBN: 80-2440143-6.
SIMON, Sharry. Gender in Translation: Cultural Identity and the Politics of Transmission. London and New York: Routledge, 1996. ISBN: 0-415-11536-1.
CHAMBERLAIN, Lori. “Gender and the Metaphorics of Translation.” The Translations Studies Reader. London and New York: Routledge, 2000.
LEFEVRE, André. Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1996.
FRONEK, Josef. Anglicko-český česko-anglický slovník. Praha: Leda, 2004. ISBN: 8085927-48-9.
Oxford Advanced Learner´s Dictionary 7th edition. Oxford: OUP, 2005. ISBN: 978-019-431659-0.
VAN BAALEN, Lorri. Male and female language: Growing Together?, 2005. [http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/hsl_shl/van%20Baalen.htm].
LAKOFF, R.. Language and Women’s Place. New York: Harper & Row, 1975.
COATES, J.. Women, Men and Language, New York: Longman, 1986.
NEWMARK, Peter. About Translation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1991. ISBN: 1853591173
ANDERMAN, Gunilla, ROGERS, Margaret. Translation Today: trends and perspectives. Clevedon: Multingual Matters, 2003. ISBN: 1853596183. 78
MUNDAY, Jeremy. Introducing translation studies: theories and applications. London: Routledge, 2001. ISBN: 0415229278.
John Irving – live and biography, April 2008. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Irving].
The World According to Garp, December, 2006. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_world_according_to_garp].
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